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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 2787

Last change on this file since 2787 was 2770, checked in by kanani, 7 years ago
Correction of parameter check
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 71.5 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[138]	21	! -----------------
[2214]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z suehring $
[2770]	27	! Correction of parameter check
	28	!
	29	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
[2768]	30	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
	31	!
	32	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	33	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
	34	!
	35	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
[2746]	36	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
	37	!
	38	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	39	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	40	!
	41	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	42	! Changes from last commit documented
	43	!
	44	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2701]	45	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	46	!
[2716]	47	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	48	! Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	49	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	50	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	51	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	52	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	53	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	54	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	55	!
	56	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	57	! coupling_char removed
	58	!
	59	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	60	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	61	! no output of ghost layer data
	62	!
	63	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	64	! Get topography top index via Function call
	65	!
	66	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	67	! Changed error messages
	68	!
	69	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	70	!
[2233]	71	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	72	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	73	!
[2214]	74	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	75	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	76	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	77	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	78	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	79	!
[2210]	80	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	81	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	82	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	83	!
[2025]	84	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	85	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	86	!
[2012]	87	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	88	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	89	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	90	! and similar future applications.
	91	!
[2008]	92	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	93	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	94	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	95	! introduction of urban surface model,
	96	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	97	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	98	!
[2001]	99	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	100	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	101	!
[1961]	102	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	103	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	104	!
[1954]	105	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	106	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	107	!
[1827]	108	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	109	! Further modularization
	110	!
[1722]	111	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	112	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	113	! canopy is set on top of topography
	114	!
[1683]	115	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	116	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	117	!
[1485]	118	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	119	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	120	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	121	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	122	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	123	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	124	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	125	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	126	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	127	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	128	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	129	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	130	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	131	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	132	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	133	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	134	! respectively,
	135	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	136	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	137	!
	138	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	139	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	140	!
[1321]	141	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	142	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	143	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	144	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	145	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	146	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	147	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	148	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	149	!
[1037]	150	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	151	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	152	!
[139]	153	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	154	! Initial revision
	155	!
[138]	156	! Description:
	157	! ------------
[1682]	158	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	159	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	160	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	161	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	162	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	163	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	164
[1484]	165	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	166	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	167
[1484]	168	USE indices, &
	169	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	170	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	171
	172	USE kinds
	173
[2317]	174	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	175	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	176
[2317]	177
[1484]	178	IMPLICIT NONE
	179
	180
[2766]	181	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	182
[2696]	183	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	184	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	185
[2696]	186	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	187
[1682]	188	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[2696]	189	LOGICAL :: usm_lad_rma = .TRUE. !< use MPI RMA to access LAD for raytracing (instead of global array)
[1484]	190
[2696]	191	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	192	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	193	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	194	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	195	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	196	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	197	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	198	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	199	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	200	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	201	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	202	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	203	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	204	REAL(wp) :: prototype_lad !< prototype leaf area density for computing effective optical depth
[1484]	205
[2696]	206	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	207	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	208
[1682]	209	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	210	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	211
[2768]	212	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	213	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	214	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[1484]	215
	216	SAVE
	217
	218
[138]	219	PRIVATE
[1826]	220
	221	!
	222	!-- Public functions
[2209]	223	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	224	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	225
[1826]	226	!
	227	!-- Public variables and constants
[2011]	228	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2746]	229	pch_index, prototype_lad, usm_lad_rma
[2007]	230
[1484]	231
[2209]	232	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	233	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	234	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	235
[1826]	236	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	237	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	238	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	239
	240	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	241	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	242	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	243
	244	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	245	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	246	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	247
	248	INTERFACE pcm_header
	249	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	250	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	251
	252	INTERFACE pcm_init
	253	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	254	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	255
[1826]	256	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	257	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	258	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	259
	260	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	261	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	262	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	263
	264	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	265	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	266	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	267	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	268
	269
[138]	270	CONTAINS
	271
[2209]	272
	273	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	274	! Description:
	275	! ------------
	276	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	277	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	278	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	279
[2209]	280
	281	USE control_parameters, &
[2770]	282	ONLY: data_output, message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	283
	284	IMPLICIT NONE
	285
	286	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	287	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	288
	289
	290	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	291
	292	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	293	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	294	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	295	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	296	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	297	ENDIF
[2209]	298	unit = 'K s-1'
	299
	300	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	301	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	302
	303
	304	CASE DEFAULT
	305	unit = 'illegal'
	306
	307	END SELECT
	308
	309
	310	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	311
	312
[1826]	313	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	314	! Description:
	315	! ------------
	316	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	317	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	318	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	319
[1826]	320	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	321	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
	322	microphysics_seifert
	323
	324	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	325	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	326
	327
	328	IMPLICIT NONE
	329
	330
	331	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	332	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	333	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	334	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	335	ENDIF
	336
	337	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	338	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	339	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	340	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	341	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	342	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	343	ENDIF
	344
	345	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	346	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	347	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	348	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	349	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	350	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	351	ENDIF
	352
	353	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	354	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	355	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	356	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	357	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	358	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	359	'density profile'
[2768]	360	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	361	ENDIF
	362
	363	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	364	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	365	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	366	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	367	ENDIF
[2696]	368	!
	369	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	370	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	371	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	372	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	373	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	374	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	375	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	376	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	377	ENDIF
[1826]	378
	379
	380	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	381
	382
[138]	383	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	384	!
[1484]	385	! Description:
	386	! ------------
[2209]	387	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	388	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	389	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value )
[2209]	390
	391	USE control_parameters, &
	392	ONLY : nz_do3d
	393
	394	USE indices
	395
	396	USE kinds
	397
	398
	399	IMPLICIT NONE
	400
	401	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	402
[2696]	403	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	404	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	405	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	406	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	407	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[2209]	408
	409	LOGICAL :: found !<
	410
[2696]	411	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[2512]	412	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb:nz_do3d) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	413
	414
	415	found = .TRUE.
	416
[2696]	417	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	418
	419	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	420
	421	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	422	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	423	DO i = nxl, nxr
	424	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	425	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	426	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	427	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	428	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	429	ENDDO
	430	ENDIF
[2209]	431	ENDDO
	432	ENDDO
	433	ENDIF
	434
	435
	436	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	437	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	438	DO i = nxl, nxr
	439	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	440	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	441	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	442	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	443	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	444	ENDDO
	445	ENDIF
[2209]	446	ENDDO
	447	ENDDO
	448	ENDIF
	449
	450
	451	CASE DEFAULT
	452	found = .FALSE.
	453
	454	END SELECT
	455
	456
	457	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	458
	459	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	460	!
	461	! Description:
	462	! ------------
	463	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	464	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	465	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	466	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	467
	468	IMPLICIT NONE
	469
	470	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	471	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	472	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	473	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	474	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	475
	476	found = .TRUE.
	477
	478	!
	479	!-- Check for the grid
	480	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	481
	482	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad' )
	483	grid_x = 'x'
	484	grid_y = 'y'
	485	grid_z = 'zu'
	486
	487	CASE DEFAULT
	488	found = .FALSE.
	489	grid_x = 'none'
	490	grid_y = 'none'
	491	grid_z = 'none'
	492	END SELECT
	493
	494	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	495
	496
	497	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	498	! Description:
	499	! ------------
[1826]	500	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	501	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	502	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	503
	504	USE control_parameters, &
	505	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	506
	507
	508	IMPLICIT NONE
	509
	510	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	511
	512	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	513	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	514	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	515	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	516
	517	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	518	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	519	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	520
	521	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	522
	523	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	524
	525	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	526	canopy_drag_coeff
	527	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	528	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	529	leaf_surface_conc
	530	ENDIF
	531
	532	!
	533	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	534	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	535
	536	!
	537	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	538	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	539	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	540
	541	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	542	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	543	gradients = '------'
	544	slices = ' 0'
	545	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	546	i = 1
	547	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	548	/= -9999 )
	549
	550	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	551	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	552	TRIM( coor_chr )
	553
	554	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	555	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	556
	557	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	558	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	559
	560	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	561	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	562
	563	i = i + 1
	564	ENDDO
	565
	566	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	567	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	568
	569	ELSE
	570
	571	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	572	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	573
	574	DO k = 1, pch_index
	575
	576	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	577	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	578	TRIM( coor_chr )
	579
	580	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	581	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	582
	583	ENDDO
	584
	585	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	586	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	587
	588	ENDIF
	589
	590	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	591	' ------------------------------'// &
	592	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	593	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	594	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	595	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	596	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	597	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	598	' K m/s')
	599	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	600	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	601	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	602	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	603	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	604	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	605	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	606	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	607	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	608	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	609	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	610
	611	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	612
	613
	614	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	615	! Description:
	616	! ------------
[1682]	617	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	618	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	619	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	620
	621
	622	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	623	ONLY: dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, message_string, ocean, &
	624	passive_scalar, urban_surface
[1484]	625
[2696]	626	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	627	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	628
[2232]	629	USE surface_mod, &
	630	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	631
	632	IMPLICIT NONE
	633
[2007]	634	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
	635
	636	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	637	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
	638	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	639	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	640	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	641
[2007]	642	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	643	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	644	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	645	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
	646	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
	647
[1484]	648	!
	649	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	650	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	651	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	652	lad = 0.0_wp
	653	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	654
	655	!
[1826]	656	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	657	!-- a beta probability density function
	658	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	659	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	660	ENDIF
	661
	662
	663	!
[1484]	664	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	665	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	666	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	667	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	668	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	669	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	670
	671	!
	672	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	673	i = 1
	674	gradient = 0.0_wp
	675
	676	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	677
	678	lad(0) = lad_surface
	679	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	680
	681	DO k = 1, pch_index
	682	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	683	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	684	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	685	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	686	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	687	i = i + 1
	688	ENDIF
	689	ENDIF
	690	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	691	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	692	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	693	ELSE
	694	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	695	ENDIF
	696	ELSE
	697	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	698	ENDIF
	699	ENDDO
	700
	701	ENDIF
	702
	703	!
	704	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	705	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	706	!-- file.
	707	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	708	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	709	ENDIF
	710
	711	ELSE
	712
	713	!
	714	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	715	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	716	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	717
[2232]	718	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	719	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	720	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	721	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	722	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	723	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	724	ENDDO
	725
	726	!
	727	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	728	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	729	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	730	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	731	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	732	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	733	) / canopy_height
[1484]	734	ENDDO
	735
	736	!
	737	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	738	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	739	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	740	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	741	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	742	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	743	ENDDO
	744
	745	ENDIF
	746
	747	!
[2213]	748	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	749	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	750
	751	!
	752	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	753	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	754	!-- with the prescribed values
	755	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	756	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	757	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	758
	759	!
	760	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	761	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	762	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	763	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	764
	765	CASE( 'block' )
	766
	767	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	768	DO j = nysg, nyng
	769	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	770	ENDDO
	771	ENDDO
	772
[2007]	773	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	774	!
[2696]	775	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	776	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	777	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	778	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	779	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	780	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	781	!
	782	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	783	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	784	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	785
	786	DO i = nxl, nxr
	787	DO j = nys, nyn
	788	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	789	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	790	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	791	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	792	ENDDO
	793	ENDDO
	794	ENDDO
	795	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	796	!
	797	! ASCII file
[2007]	798	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	799	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	800	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	801	!-- each location).
[2696]	802	ELSE
	803	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	804	ENDIF
[2007]	805
[1484]	806	CASE DEFAULT
	807	!
[2007]	808	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	809	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	810	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	811	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	812	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	813	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	814
	815	END SELECT
[2696]	816	!
	817	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	818	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	819	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	820
[2696]	821	DO i = nxl, nxr
	822	DO j = nys, nyn
	823	DO k = 0, pch_index
	824	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	825	ENDDO
[1484]	826	!
[2696]	827	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	828	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	829	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	830	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	831	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	832	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	833	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	834	ENDIF
	835
	836	ENDDO
	837	ENDDO
	838
	839	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	840
	841	!
[2011]	842	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	843	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	844	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	845	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	846	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	847	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	848	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	849	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	850	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	851	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	852	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	853	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	854	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
[2768]	855	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2213]	856
	857	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	858	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	859	!
[2011]	860	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	861	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	862	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	863	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	864	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	865	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	866	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	867	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	868	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	869	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	870	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	871	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	872	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	873	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	874	ELSE
	875	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	876	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	877	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	878	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	879	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	880	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	881	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	882	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	883	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	884	ENDIF
	885	ENDDO
	886	ENDDO
	887	ENDDO
	888
[2232]	889	!
	890	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	891	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	892	!-- Start with default surface type
	893	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	894	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	895	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	896	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	897	ENDDO
[1484]	898	!
[2232]	899	!-- Natural surfaces
	900	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	901	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	902	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	903	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	904	ENDDO
	905	!
	906	!-- Urban surfaces
	907	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	908	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	909	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	910	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	911	ENDDO
	912	!
	913	!
[2011]	914	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	915	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	916	!-- canopy.
	917	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	918	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	919	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	920	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	921	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	922	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	923	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	924	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	925	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	926	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
	927	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	928	ENDIF
	929	ENDDO
[1721]	930	ENDDO
	931	ENDDO
[1484]	932
	933	ENDIF
	934
	935
	936
[1826]	937	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	938
	939
[2007]	940	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	941	! Description:
	942	! ------------
	943	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	944	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	945	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	946
[2746]	947	USE control_parameters, &
	948	ONLY: plant_canopy
[2007]	949
	950	IMPLICIT NONE
	951
	952	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	953
	954	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	955	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	956	lad_surface, &
	957	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	958	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	959	lai_beta, &
	960	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	961	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	962
	963	line = ' '
	964
	965	!
	966	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	967	REWIND ( 11 )
	968	line = ' '
	969	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	970	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	971	ENDDO
	972	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	973
	974	!
	975	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	976	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	977
	978	!
	979	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	980	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	981
	982	10 CONTINUE
	983
	984
	985	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	986
	987
	988
[1484]	989	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	990	! Description:
	991	! ------------
[2007]	992	!
	993	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	994	!>
	995	!> num_levels
	996	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	997	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	998	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	999	!> ...
	1000	!>
	1001	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1002	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1003	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1004	!>
	1005	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1006	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1007	!>
	1008	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1009	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1010	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1011	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1012
	1013	USE control_parameters, &
	1014	ONLY: message_string, passive_scalar
[2007]	1015
[2213]	1016	USE indices, &
	1017	ONLY: nbgp
	1018
	1019	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1020
[2213]	1021	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
	1022	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1023	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1024	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1025	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1026
	1027	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1028
[2213]	1029	!
	1030	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1031	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1032
	1033	!
	1034	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
	1035	OPEN(152, file='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D', access='SEQUENTIAL', &
	1036	action='READ', status='OLD', form='FORMATTED', err=515)
	1037	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
	1038
	1039	ALLOCATE(col(0:nzp-1))
[2007]	1040
[2213]	1041	DO
	1042	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) dtype, i, j, col(:)
	1043	IF ( i < nxlg .or. i > nxrg .or. j < nysg .or. j > nyng ) CYCLE
[2007]	1044
[2213]	1045	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1046	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
	1047	!
	1048	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1049	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1050	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1051	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1052	lad_s(0:nzp-1, j, i) = col(0:nzp-1)
	1053
	1054	CASE DEFAULT
[2696]	1055	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
[2213]	1056	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1057	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1058	END SELECT
	1059	ENDDO
[2007]	1060
[2213]	1061	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1062	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1063
[2213]	1064	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1065	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1066
	1067	517 CLOSE(152)
	1068	DEALLOCATE(col)
	1069
	1070	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1071
	1072	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1073
	1074
	1075
	1076	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1077	! Description:
	1078	! ------------
[1682]	1079	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1080	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1081	!>
	1082	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1083	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1084	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1085	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1086	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1087	!>
	1088	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1089	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1090	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1091	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1092	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1093	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1094	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1095	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1096	!>
	1097	!>
	1098	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1099	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1100	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1101
	1102
[1320]	1103	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1104	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1105
	1106	USE kinds
	1107
[138]	1108	IMPLICIT NONE
	1109
[1682]	1110	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1111	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1112	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1113	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1114	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1115	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1116
[1682]	1117	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1118	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1119	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1120	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1121	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1122	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1123
	1124
	1125	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1126
	1127	!
[1484]	1128	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1129	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1130
	1131	!
	1132	!-- u-component
	1133	CASE ( 1 )
	1134	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1135	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1136	!
	1137	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1138	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1139	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1140
[2232]	1141	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1142	!
	1143	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1144	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1145	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1146	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1147	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1148	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1149	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1150	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1151	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1152	THEN
	1153	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1154	ENDIF
	1155
	1156	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1157	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1158	!
	1159	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1160	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1161	lad_local * &
	1162	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1163	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1164	v(k,j,i) + &
	1165	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1166	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1167	)**2 + &
	1168	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1169	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1170	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1171	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1172	)**2 &
	1173	) * &
	1174	u(k,j,i)
	1175
	1176	!
	1177	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1178	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1179	!
	1180	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1181	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1182	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1183	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1184	ELSE
	1185	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1186	ENDIF
	1187	!
	1188	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1189	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1190
[138]	1191	ENDDO
	1192	ENDDO
	1193	ENDDO
	1194
	1195	!
	1196	!-- v-component
	1197	CASE ( 2 )
	1198	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1199	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1200	!
	1201	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1202	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1203
[2696]	1204	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1205
[2232]	1206	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1207	!
	1208	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1209	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1210	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1211	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1212	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1213	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1214	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1215	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1216	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1217	THEN
	1218	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1219	ENDIF
	1220
	1221	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1222	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1223	!
	1224	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1225	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1226	lad_local * &
	1227	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1228	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1229	u(k,j,i) + &
	1230	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1231	)**2 + &
	1232	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1233	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1234	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1235	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1236	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1237	)**2 &
	1238	) * &
	1239	v(k,j,i)
	1240
	1241	!
	1242	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1243	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1244	!
	1245	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1246	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1247	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1248	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1249	ELSE
	1250	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1251	ENDIF
	1252	!
	1253	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1254	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1255
[138]	1256	ENDDO
	1257	ENDDO
	1258	ENDDO
	1259
	1260	!
	1261	!-- w-component
	1262	CASE ( 3 )
	1263	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1264	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1265	!
	1266	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1267	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1268
[2696]	1269	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1270
[2232]	1271	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1272
[1484]	1273	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1274	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1275	!
	1276	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1277	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1278	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1279	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1280	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1281	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1282	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1283	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1284	)**2 + &
	1285	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1286	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1287	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1288	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1289	)**2 + &
	1290	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1291	) * &
	1292	w(k,j,i)
	1293	!
	1294	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1295	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1296	!
	1297	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1298	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1299	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1300	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1301	ELSE
	1302	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1303	ENDIF
	1304	!
	1305	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1306	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1307
[138]	1308	ENDDO
	1309	ENDDO
	1310	ENDDO
	1311
	1312	!
[153]	1313	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1314	CASE ( 4 )
	1315	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1316	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1317	!
	1318	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1319	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1320
[2696]	1321	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1322
	1323	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1324	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1325	ENDDO
	1326	ENDDO
	1327	ENDDO
	1328
	1329	!
[1960]	1330	!-- humidity
[153]	1331	CASE ( 5 )
	1332	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1333	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1334	!
	1335	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1336	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1337
[2696]	1338	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1339
	1340	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1341	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1342	lsec * &
[1721]	1343	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1344	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1345	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1346	)**2 + &
	1347	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1348	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1349	)**2 + &
	1350	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1351	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1352	)**2 &
	1353	) * &
	1354	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1355	ENDDO
	1356	ENDDO
	1357	ENDDO
	1358
	1359	!
	1360	!-- sgs-tke
	1361	CASE ( 6 )
	1362	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1363	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1364	!
	1365	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1366	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1367
[2696]	1368	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1369
	1370	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1371	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1372	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1373	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1374	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1375	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1376	)**2 + &
	1377	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1378	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1379	)**2 + &
	1380	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1381	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1382	)**2 &
	1383	) * &
	1384	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1385	ENDDO
	1386	ENDDO
	1387	ENDDO
[1960]	1388	!
	1389	!-- scalar concentration
	1390	CASE ( 7 )
	1391	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1392	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1393	!
	1394	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1395	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1396
[2696]	1397	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1398
	1399	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1400	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1401	lsec * &
	1402	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1403	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1404	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1405	)**2 + &
	1406	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1407	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1408	)**2 + &
	1409	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1410	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1411	)**2 &
	1412	) * &
	1413	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1414	ENDDO
	1415	ENDDO
	1416	ENDDO
[1484]	1417
	1418
[1960]	1419
[138]	1420	CASE DEFAULT
	1421
[257]	1422	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1423	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1424
	1425	END SELECT
	1426
[1826]	1427	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1428
	1429
	1430	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1431	! Description:
	1432	! ------------
[1682]	1433	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1434	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1435	!>
	1436	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1437	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1438	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1439	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1440	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1441	!>
	1442	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1443	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1444	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1445	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1446	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1447	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1448	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1449	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1450	!>
	1451	!>
	1452	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1453	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1454	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1455
	1456
[1320]	1457	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1458	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1459
	1460	USE kinds
	1461
[138]	1462	IMPLICIT NONE
	1463
[1682]	1464	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1465	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1466	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1467	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1468	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1469	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1470
[1682]	1471	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1472	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1473	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1474	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1475	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1476	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1477
	1478
	1479	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1480	!
[1484]	1481	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1482	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1483
	1484	!
[142]	1485	!-- u-component
[1484]	1486	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1487	!
	1488	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1489	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1490	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1491
[2696]	1492	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1493
	1494	!
[1484]	1495	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1496	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1497	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1498	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1499	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1500	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1501	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1502	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1503	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1504	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1505	ENDIF
	1506
	1507	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1508	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1509	!
	1510	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1511	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1512	lad_local * &
	1513	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1514	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1515	v(k,j,i) + &
	1516	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1517	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1518	)**2 + &
	1519	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1520	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1521	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1522	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1523	)**2 &
	1524	) * &
	1525	u(k,j,i)
	1526
	1527	!
	1528	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1529	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1530	!
	1531	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1532	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1533	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1534	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1535	ELSE
	1536	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1537	ENDIF
	1538	!
	1539	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1540	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1541	ENDDO
	1542
	1543
	1544	!
[142]	1545	!-- v-component
[1484]	1546	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1547	!
	1548	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1549	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1550
[2696]	1551	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1552
[2232]	1553	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1554	!
[1484]	1555	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1556	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1557	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1558	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1559	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1560	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1561	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1562	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1563	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1564	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1565	ENDIF
	1566
	1567	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1568	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1569	!
	1570	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1571	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1572	lad_local * &
	1573	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1574	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1575	u(k,j,i) + &
	1576	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1577	)**2 + &
	1578	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1579	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1580	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1581	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1582	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1583	)**2 &
	1584	) * &
	1585	v(k,j,i)
	1586
	1587	!
	1588	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1589	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1590	!
	1591	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1592	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1593	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1594	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1595	ELSE
	1596	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1597	ENDIF
	1598	!
	1599	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1600	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1601	ENDDO
	1602
	1603
	1604	!
[142]	1605	!-- w-component
[1484]	1606	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1607	!
	1608	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1609	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1610
[2696]	1611	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1612
[2232]	1613	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1614
[1484]	1615	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1616	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1617	!
[1484]	1618	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1619	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1620	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1621	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1622	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1623	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1624	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1625	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1626	)**2 + &
	1627	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1628	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1629	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1630	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1631	)**2 + &
	1632	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1633	) * &
	1634	w(k,j,i)
	1635	!
	1636	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1637	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1638	!
	1639	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1640	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1641	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1642	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1643	ELSE
	1644	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1645	ENDIF
	1646	!
	1647	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1648	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1649	ENDDO
	1650
	1651	!
[153]	1652	!-- potential temperature
	1653	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1654	!
	1655	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1656	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1657
[2696]	1658	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1659	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1660	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1661	ENDDO
	1662
	1663
	1664	!
[1960]	1665	!-- humidity
[153]	1666	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1667	!
	1668	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1669	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1670
[2696]	1671	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1672
	1673	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1674	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1675	lsec * &
[1721]	1676	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1677	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1678	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1679	)**2 + &
	1680	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1681	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1682	)**2 + &
	1683	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1684	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1685	)**2 &
	1686	) * &
	1687	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1688	ENDDO
	1689
	1690	!
[142]	1691	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1692	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1693	!
	1694	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1695	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1696
[2696]	1697	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1698
	1699	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1700	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1701	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1702	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1703	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1704	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1705	)**2 + &
	1706	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1707	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1708	)**2 + &
	1709	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1710	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1711	)**2 &
	1712	) * &
	1713	e(k,j,i)
	1714	ENDDO
[1960]	1715
	1716	!
	1717	!-- scalar concentration
	1718	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1719	!
	1720	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1721	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1722
[2696]	1723	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1724
	1725	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1726	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1727	lsec * &
	1728	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1729	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1730	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1731	)**2 + &
	1732	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1733	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1734	)**2 + &
	1735	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1736	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1737	)**2 &
	1738	) * &
	1739	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1740	ENDDO
[138]	1741
[142]	1742	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1743
[257]	1744	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1745	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1746
[142]	1747	END SELECT
[138]	1748
[1826]	1749	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1750
[2007]	1751
	1752
[138]	1753	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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