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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 2759

Last change on this file since 2759 was 2746, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
Read information from statitic driver for resolved vegetation independently from land- or urban-surface model
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 71.0 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[138]	21	! -----------------
[2214]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring $
[2746]	27	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
	28	!
	29	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	30	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	31	!
	32	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	33	! Changes from last commit documented
	34	!
	35	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2701]	36	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	37	!
[2716]	38	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	39	! Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	40	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	41	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	42	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	43	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	44	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	45	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	46	!
	47	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	48	! coupling_char removed
	49	!
	50	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	51	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	52	! no output of ghost layer data
	53	!
	54	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	55	! Get topography top index via Function call
	56	!
	57	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	58	! Changed error messages
	59	!
	60	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	61	!
[2233]	62	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	63	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	64	!
[2214]	65	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	66	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	67	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	68	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	69	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	70	!
[2210]	71	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	72	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	73	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	74	!
[2025]	75	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	76	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	77	!
[2012]	78	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	79	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	80	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	81	! and similar future applications.
	82	!
[2008]	83	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	84	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	85	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	86	! introduction of urban surface model,
	87	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	88	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	89	!
[2001]	90	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	91	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	92	!
[1961]	93	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	94	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	95	!
[1954]	96	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	97	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	98	!
[1827]	99	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	100	! Further modularization
	101	!
[1722]	102	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	103	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	104	! canopy is set on top of topography
	105	!
[1683]	106	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	107	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	108	!
[1485]	109	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	110	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	111	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	112	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	113	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	114	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	115	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	116	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	117	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	118	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	119	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	120	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	121	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	122	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	123	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	124	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	125	! respectively,
	126	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	127	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	128	!
	129	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	130	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	131	!
[1321]	132	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	133	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	134	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	135	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	136	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	137	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	138	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	139	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	140	!
[1037]	141	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	142	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	143	!
[139]	144	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	145	! Initial revision
	146	!
[138]	147	! Description:
	148	! ------------
[1682]	149	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	150	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	151	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	152	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	153	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	154	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	155
[1484]	156	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	157	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	158
[1484]	159	USE indices, &
	160	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	161	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	162
	163	USE kinds
	164
[2317]	165	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	166	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	167
[2317]	168
[1484]	169	IMPLICIT NONE
	170
	171
[1682]	172	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	173
[2696]	174	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	175	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	176
[2696]	177	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	178
[1682]	179	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[2696]	180	LOGICAL :: usm_lad_rma = .TRUE. !< use MPI RMA to access LAD for raytracing (instead of global array)
[1484]	181
[2696]	182	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	183	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	184	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	185	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	186	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	187	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	188	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	189	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	190	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	191	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	192	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	193	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	194	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	195	REAL(wp) :: prototype_lad !< prototype leaf area density for computing effective optical depth
[1484]	196
[2696]	197	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	198	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	199
[1682]	200	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	201	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	202
	203	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[2011]	204	pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[1682]	205	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	206	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[1484]	207
	208
	209	SAVE
	210
	211
[138]	212	PRIVATE
[1826]	213
	214	!
	215	!-- Public functions
[2209]	216	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	217	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	218
[1826]	219	!
	220	!-- Public variables and constants
[2011]	221	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2746]	222	pch_index, prototype_lad, usm_lad_rma
[2007]	223
[1484]	224
[2209]	225	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	226	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	227	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	228
[1826]	229	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	230	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	231	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	232
	233	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	234	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	235	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	236
	237	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	238	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	239	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	240
	241	INTERFACE pcm_header
	242	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	243	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	244
	245	INTERFACE pcm_init
	246	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	247	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	248
[1826]	249	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	250	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	251	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	252
	253	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	254	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	255	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	256
	257	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	258	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	259	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	260	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	261
	262
[138]	263	CONTAINS
	264
[2209]	265
	266	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	267	! Description:
	268	! ------------
	269	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	270	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	271	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	272
[2209]	273
	274	USE control_parameters, &
	275	ONLY: data_output, message_string
	276
	277	IMPLICIT NONE
	278
	279	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	280	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	281
	282
	283	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	284
	285	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	286	unit = 'K s-1'
	287
	288	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	289	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	290
	291
	292	CASE DEFAULT
	293	unit = 'illegal'
	294
	295	END SELECT
	296
	297
	298	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	299
	300
[1826]	301	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	302	! Description:
	303	! ------------
	304	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	305	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	306	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	307
[1826]	308	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	309	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
	310	microphysics_seifert
	311
	312	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	313	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	314
	315
	316	IMPLICIT NONE
	317
	318
	319	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	320	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	321	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
	322	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	323	ENDIF
	324
	325	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	326	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	327	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	328	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	329	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
	330	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	331	ENDIF
	332
	333	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	334	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	335	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	336	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	337	'lai_beta = 0.0'
	338	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	339	ENDIF
	340
	341	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	342	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	343	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	344	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	345	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	346	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	347	'density profile'
	348	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	349	ENDIF
	350
	351	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	352	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	353	' seifert_beheng'
	354	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	355	ENDIF
[2696]	356	!
	357	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	358	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	359	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	360	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	361	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	362	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	363	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
	364	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	365	ENDIF
[1826]	366
	367
	368	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	369
	370
[138]	371	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	372	!
[1484]	373	! Description:
	374	! ------------
[2209]	375	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	376	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	377	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value )
[2209]	378
	379	USE control_parameters, &
	380	ONLY : nz_do3d
	381
	382	USE indices
	383
	384	USE kinds
	385
	386
	387	IMPLICIT NONE
	388
	389	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	390
[2696]	391	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	392	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	393	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	394	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	395	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[2209]	396
	397	LOGICAL :: found !<
	398
[2696]	399	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[2512]	400	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb:nz_do3d) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	401
	402
	403	found = .TRUE.
	404
[2696]	405	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	406
	407	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	408
	409	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	410	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	411	DO i = nxl, nxr
	412	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	413	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	414	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	415	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	416	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	417	ENDDO
	418	ENDIF
[2209]	419	ENDDO
	420	ENDDO
	421	ENDIF
	422
	423
	424	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	425	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	426	DO i = nxl, nxr
	427	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	428	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	429	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	430	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	431	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	432	ENDDO
	433	ENDIF
[2209]	434	ENDDO
	435	ENDDO
	436	ENDIF
	437
	438
	439	CASE DEFAULT
	440	found = .FALSE.
	441
	442	END SELECT
	443
	444
	445	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	446
	447	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	448	!
	449	! Description:
	450	! ------------
	451	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	452	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	453	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	454	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	455
	456	IMPLICIT NONE
	457
	458	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	459	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	460	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	461	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	462	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	463
	464	found = .TRUE.
	465
	466	!
	467	!-- Check for the grid
	468	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	469
	470	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad' )
	471	grid_x = 'x'
	472	grid_y = 'y'
	473	grid_z = 'zu'
	474
	475	CASE DEFAULT
	476	found = .FALSE.
	477	grid_x = 'none'
	478	grid_y = 'none'
	479	grid_z = 'none'
	480	END SELECT
	481
	482	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	483
	484
	485	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	486	! Description:
	487	! ------------
[1826]	488	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	489	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	490	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	491
	492	USE control_parameters, &
	493	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	494
	495
	496	IMPLICIT NONE
	497
	498	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	499
	500	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	501	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	502	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	503	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	504
	505	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	506	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	507	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	508
	509	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	510
	511	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	512
	513	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	514	canopy_drag_coeff
	515	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	516	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	517	leaf_surface_conc
	518	ENDIF
	519
	520	!
	521	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	522	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	523
	524	!
	525	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	526	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	527	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	528
	529	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	530	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	531	gradients = '------'
	532	slices = ' 0'
	533	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	534	i = 1
	535	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	536	/= -9999 )
	537
	538	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	539	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	540	TRIM( coor_chr )
	541
	542	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	543	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	544
	545	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	546	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	547
	548	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	549	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	550
	551	i = i + 1
	552	ENDDO
	553
	554	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	555	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	556
	557	ELSE
	558
	559	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	560	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	561
	562	DO k = 1, pch_index
	563
	564	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	565	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	566	TRIM( coor_chr )
	567
	568	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	569	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	570
	571	ENDDO
	572
	573	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	574	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	575
	576	ENDIF
	577
	578	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	579	' ------------------------------'// &
	580	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	581	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	582	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	583	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	584	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	585	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	586	' K m/s')
	587	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	588	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	589	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	590	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	591	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	592	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	593	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	594	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	595	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	596	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	597	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	598
	599	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	600
	601
	602	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	603	! Description:
	604	! ------------
[1682]	605	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	606	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	607	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	608
	609
	610	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	611	ONLY: dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, message_string, ocean, &
	612	passive_scalar, urban_surface
[1484]	613
[2696]	614	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	615	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	616
[2232]	617	USE surface_mod, &
	618	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	619
	620	IMPLICIT NONE
	621
[2007]	622	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
	623
	624	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	625	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
	626	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	627	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	628	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	629
[2007]	630	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	631	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	632	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	633	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
	634	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
	635
[1484]	636	!
	637	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	638	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	639	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	640	lad = 0.0_wp
	641	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	642
	643	!
[1826]	644	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	645	!-- a beta probability density function
	646	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	647	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	648	ENDIF
	649
	650
	651	!
[1484]	652	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	653	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	654	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	655	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	656	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	657	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	658
	659	!
	660	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	661	i = 1
	662	gradient = 0.0_wp
	663
	664	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	665
	666	lad(0) = lad_surface
	667	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	668
	669	DO k = 1, pch_index
	670	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	671	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	672	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	673	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	674	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	675	i = i + 1
	676	ENDIF
	677	ENDIF
	678	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	679	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	680	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	681	ELSE
	682	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	683	ENDIF
	684	ELSE
	685	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	686	ENDIF
	687	ENDDO
	688
	689	ENDIF
	690
	691	!
	692	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	693	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	694	!-- file.
	695	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	696	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	697	ENDIF
	698
	699	ELSE
	700
	701	!
	702	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	703	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	704	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	705
[2232]	706	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	707	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	708	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	709	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	710	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	711	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	712	ENDDO
	713
	714	!
	715	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	716	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	717	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	718	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	719	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	720	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	721	) / canopy_height
[1484]	722	ENDDO
	723
	724	!
	725	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	726	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	727	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	728	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	729	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	730	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	731	ENDDO
	732
	733	ENDIF
	734
	735	!
[2213]	736	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	737	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	738
	739	!
	740	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	741	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	742	!-- with the prescribed values
	743	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	744	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	745	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	746
	747	!
	748	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	749	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	750	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	751	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	752
	753	CASE( 'block' )
	754
	755	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	756	DO j = nysg, nyng
	757	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	758	ENDDO
	759	ENDDO
	760
[2007]	761	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	762	!
[2696]	763	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	764	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	765	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	766	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	767	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	768	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	769	!
	770	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	771	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	772	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	773
	774	DO i = nxl, nxr
	775	DO j = nys, nyn
	776	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	777	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	778	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	779	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	780	ENDDO
	781	ENDDO
	782	ENDDO
	783	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	784	!
	785	! ASCII file
[2007]	786	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	787	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	788	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	789	!-- each location).
[2696]	790	ELSE
	791	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	792	ENDIF
[2007]	793
[1484]	794	CASE DEFAULT
	795	!
[2007]	796	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	797	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	798	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	799	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	800	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	801	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	802
	803	END SELECT
[2696]	804	!
	805	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	806	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	807	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	808
[2696]	809	DO i = nxl, nxr
	810	DO j = nys, nyn
	811	DO k = 0, pch_index
	812	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	813	ENDDO
[1484]	814	!
[2696]	815	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	816	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	817	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	818	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	819	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	820	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	821	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	822	ENDIF
	823
	824	ENDDO
	825	ENDDO
	826
	827	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	828
	829	!
[2011]	830	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	831	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	832	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	833	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	834	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	835	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	836	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	837	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	838	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	839	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	840	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	841	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	842	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
	843	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface) THEN
	844
	845	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	846	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	847	!
[2011]	848	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	849	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	850	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	851	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	852	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	853	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	854	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	855	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	856	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	857	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	858	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	859	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	860	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	861	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	862	ELSE
	863	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	864	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	865	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	866	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	867	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	868	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	869	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	870	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	871	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	872	ENDIF
	873	ENDDO
	874	ENDDO
	875	ENDDO
	876
[2232]	877	!
	878	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	879	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	880	!-- Start with default surface type
	881	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	882	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	883	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	884	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	885	ENDDO
[1484]	886	!
[2232]	887	!-- Natural surfaces
	888	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	889	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	890	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	891	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	892	ENDDO
	893	!
	894	!-- Urban surfaces
	895	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	896	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	897	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	898	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	899	ENDDO
	900	!
	901	!
[2011]	902	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	903	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	904	!-- canopy.
	905	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	906	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	907	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	908	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	909	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	910	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	911	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	912	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	913	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	914	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
	915	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	916	ENDIF
	917	ENDDO
[1721]	918	ENDDO
	919	ENDDO
[1484]	920
	921	ENDIF
	922
	923
	924
[1826]	925	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	926
	927
[2007]	928	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	929	! Description:
	930	! ------------
	931	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	932	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	933	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	934
[2746]	935	USE control_parameters, &
	936	ONLY: plant_canopy
[2007]	937
	938	IMPLICIT NONE
	939
	940	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	941
	942	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	943	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	944	lad_surface, &
	945	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	946	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	947	lai_beta, &
	948	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	949	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	950
	951	line = ' '
	952
	953	!
	954	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	955	REWIND ( 11 )
	956	line = ' '
	957	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	958	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	959	ENDDO
	960	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	961
	962	!
	963	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	964	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	965
	966	!
	967	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	968	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	969
	970	10 CONTINUE
	971
	972
	973	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	974
	975
	976
[1484]	977	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	978	! Description:
	979	! ------------
[2007]	980	!
	981	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	982	!>
	983	!> num_levels
	984	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	985	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	986	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	987	!> ...
	988	!>
	989	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	990	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	991	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	992	!>
	993	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	994	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	995	!>
	996	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	997	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	998	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	999	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1000
	1001	USE control_parameters, &
	1002	ONLY: message_string, passive_scalar
[2007]	1003
[2213]	1004	USE indices, &
	1005	ONLY: nbgp
	1006
	1007	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1008
[2213]	1009	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
	1010	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1011	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1012	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1013	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1014
	1015	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1016
[2213]	1017	!
	1018	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1019	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1020
	1021	!
	1022	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
	1023	OPEN(152, file='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D', access='SEQUENTIAL', &
	1024	action='READ', status='OLD', form='FORMATTED', err=515)
	1025	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
	1026
	1027	ALLOCATE(col(0:nzp-1))
[2007]	1028
[2213]	1029	DO
	1030	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) dtype, i, j, col(:)
	1031	IF ( i < nxlg .or. i > nxrg .or. j < nysg .or. j > nyng ) CYCLE
[2007]	1032
[2213]	1033	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1034	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
	1035	!
	1036	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1037	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1038	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1039	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1040	lad_s(0:nzp-1, j, i) = col(0:nzp-1)
	1041
	1042	CASE DEFAULT
[2696]	1043	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
[2213]	1044	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1045	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1046	END SELECT
	1047	ENDDO
[2007]	1048
[2213]	1049	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1050	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1051
[2213]	1052	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1053	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1054
	1055	517 CLOSE(152)
	1056	DEALLOCATE(col)
	1057
	1058	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1059
	1060	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1061
	1062
	1063
	1064	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1065	! Description:
	1066	! ------------
[1682]	1067	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1068	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1069	!>
	1070	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1071	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1072	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1073	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1074	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1075	!>
	1076	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1077	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1078	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1079	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1080	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1081	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1082	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1083	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1084	!>
	1085	!>
	1086	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1087	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1088	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1089
	1090
[1320]	1091	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1092	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1093
	1094	USE kinds
	1095
[138]	1096	IMPLICIT NONE
	1097
[1682]	1098	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1099	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1100	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1101	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1102	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1103	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1104
[1682]	1105	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1106	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1107	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1108	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1109	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1110	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1111
	1112
	1113	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1114
	1115	!
[1484]	1116	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1117	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1118
	1119	!
	1120	!-- u-component
	1121	CASE ( 1 )
	1122	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1123	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1124	!
	1125	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1126	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1127	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1128
[2232]	1129	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1130	!
	1131	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1132	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1133	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1134	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1135	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1136	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1137	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1138	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1139	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1140	THEN
	1141	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1142	ENDIF
	1143
	1144	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1145	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1146	!
	1147	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1148	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1149	lad_local * &
	1150	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1151	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1152	v(k,j,i) + &
	1153	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1154	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1155	)**2 + &
	1156	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1157	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1158	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1159	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1160	)**2 &
	1161	) * &
	1162	u(k,j,i)
	1163
	1164	!
	1165	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1166	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1167	!
	1168	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1169	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1170	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1171	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1172	ELSE
	1173	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1174	ENDIF
	1175	!
	1176	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1177	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1178
[138]	1179	ENDDO
	1180	ENDDO
	1181	ENDDO
	1182
	1183	!
	1184	!-- v-component
	1185	CASE ( 2 )
	1186	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1187	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1188	!
	1189	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1190	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1191
[2696]	1192	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1193
[2232]	1194	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1195	!
	1196	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1197	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1198	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1199	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1200	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1201	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1202	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1203	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1204	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1205	THEN
	1206	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1207	ENDIF
	1208
	1209	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1210	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1211	!
	1212	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1213	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1214	lad_local * &
	1215	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1216	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1217	u(k,j,i) + &
	1218	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1219	)**2 + &
	1220	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1221	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1222	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1223	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1224	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1225	)**2 &
	1226	) * &
	1227	v(k,j,i)
	1228
	1229	!
	1230	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1231	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1232	!
	1233	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1234	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1235	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1236	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1237	ELSE
	1238	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1239	ENDIF
	1240	!
	1241	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1242	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1243
[138]	1244	ENDDO
	1245	ENDDO
	1246	ENDDO
	1247
	1248	!
	1249	!-- w-component
	1250	CASE ( 3 )
	1251	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1252	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1253	!
	1254	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1255	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1256
[2696]	1257	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1258
[2232]	1259	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1260
[1484]	1261	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1262	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1263	!
	1264	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1265	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1266	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1267	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1268	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1269	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1270	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1271	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1272	)**2 + &
	1273	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1274	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1275	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1276	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1277	)**2 + &
	1278	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1279	) * &
	1280	w(k,j,i)
	1281	!
	1282	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1283	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1284	!
	1285	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1286	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1287	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1288	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1289	ELSE
	1290	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1291	ENDIF
	1292	!
	1293	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1294	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1295
[138]	1296	ENDDO
	1297	ENDDO
	1298	ENDDO
	1299
	1300	!
[153]	1301	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1302	CASE ( 4 )
	1303	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1304	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1305	!
	1306	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1307	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1308
[2696]	1309	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1310
	1311	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1312	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1313	ENDDO
	1314	ENDDO
	1315	ENDDO
	1316
	1317	!
[1960]	1318	!-- humidity
[153]	1319	CASE ( 5 )
	1320	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1321	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1322	!
	1323	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1324	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1325
[2696]	1326	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1327
	1328	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1329	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1330	lsec * &
[1721]	1331	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1332	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1333	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1334	)**2 + &
	1335	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1336	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1337	)**2 + &
	1338	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1339	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1340	)**2 &
	1341	) * &
	1342	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1343	ENDDO
	1344	ENDDO
	1345	ENDDO
	1346
	1347	!
	1348	!-- sgs-tke
	1349	CASE ( 6 )
	1350	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1351	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1352	!
	1353	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1354	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1355
[2696]	1356	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1357
	1358	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1359	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1360	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1361	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1362	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1363	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1364	)**2 + &
	1365	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1366	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1367	)**2 + &
	1368	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1369	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1370	)**2 &
	1371	) * &
	1372	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1373	ENDDO
	1374	ENDDO
	1375	ENDDO
[1960]	1376	!
	1377	!-- scalar concentration
	1378	CASE ( 7 )
	1379	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1380	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1381	!
	1382	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1383	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1384
[2696]	1385	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1386
	1387	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1388	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1389	lsec * &
	1390	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1391	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1392	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1393	)**2 + &
	1394	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1395	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1396	)**2 + &
	1397	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1398	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1399	)**2 &
	1400	) * &
	1401	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1402	ENDDO
	1403	ENDDO
	1404	ENDDO
[1484]	1405
	1406
[1960]	1407
[138]	1408	CASE DEFAULT
	1409
[257]	1410	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1411	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1412
	1413	END SELECT
	1414
[1826]	1415	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1416
	1417
	1418	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1419	! Description:
	1420	! ------------
[1682]	1421	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1422	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1423	!>
	1424	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1425	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1426	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1427	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1428	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1429	!>
	1430	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1431	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1432	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1433	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1434	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1435	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1436	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1437	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1438	!>
	1439	!>
	1440	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1441	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1442	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1443
	1444
[1320]	1445	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1446	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1447
	1448	USE kinds
	1449
[138]	1450	IMPLICIT NONE
	1451
[1682]	1452	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1453	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1454	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1455	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1456	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1457	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1458
[1682]	1459	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1460	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1461	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1462	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1463	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1464	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1465
	1466
	1467	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1468	!
[1484]	1469	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1470	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1471
	1472	!
[142]	1473	!-- u-component
[1484]	1474	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1475	!
	1476	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1477	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1478	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1479
[2696]	1480	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1481
	1482	!
[1484]	1483	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1484	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1485	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1486	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1487	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1488	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1489	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1490	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1491	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1492	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1493	ENDIF
	1494
	1495	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1496	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1497	!
	1498	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1499	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1500	lad_local * &
	1501	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1502	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1503	v(k,j,i) + &
	1504	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1505	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1506	)**2 + &
	1507	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1508	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1509	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1510	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1511	)**2 &
	1512	) * &
	1513	u(k,j,i)
	1514
	1515	!
	1516	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1517	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1518	!
	1519	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1520	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1521	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1522	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1523	ELSE
	1524	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1525	ENDIF
	1526	!
	1527	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1528	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1529	ENDDO
	1530
	1531
	1532	!
[142]	1533	!-- v-component
[1484]	1534	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1535	!
	1536	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1537	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1538
[2696]	1539	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1540
[2232]	1541	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1542	!
[1484]	1543	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1544	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1545	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1546	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1547	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1548	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1549	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1550	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1551	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1552	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1553	ENDIF
	1554
	1555	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1556	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1557	!
	1558	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1559	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1560	lad_local * &
	1561	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1562	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1563	u(k,j,i) + &
	1564	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1565	)**2 + &
	1566	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1567	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1568	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1569	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1570	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1571	)**2 &
	1572	) * &
	1573	v(k,j,i)
	1574
	1575	!
	1576	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1577	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1578	!
	1579	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1580	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1581	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1582	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1583	ELSE
	1584	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1585	ENDIF
	1586	!
	1587	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1588	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1589	ENDDO
	1590
	1591
	1592	!
[142]	1593	!-- w-component
[1484]	1594	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1595	!
	1596	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1597	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1598
[2696]	1599	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1600
[2232]	1601	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1602
[1484]	1603	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1604	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1605	!
[1484]	1606	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1607	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1608	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1609	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1610	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1611	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1612	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1613	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1614	)**2 + &
	1615	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1616	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1617	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1618	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1619	)**2 + &
	1620	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1621	) * &
	1622	w(k,j,i)
	1623	!
	1624	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1625	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1626	!
	1627	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1628	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1629	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1630	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1631	ELSE
	1632	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1633	ENDIF
	1634	!
	1635	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1636	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1637	ENDDO
	1638
	1639	!
[153]	1640	!-- potential temperature
	1641	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1642	!
	1643	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1644	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1645
[2696]	1646	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1647	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1648	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1649	ENDDO
	1650
	1651
	1652	!
[1960]	1653	!-- humidity
[153]	1654	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1655	!
	1656	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1657	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1658
[2696]	1659	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1660
	1661	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1662	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1663	lsec * &
[1721]	1664	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1665	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1666	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1667	)**2 + &
	1668	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1669	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1670	)**2 + &
	1671	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1672	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1673	)**2 &
	1674	) * &
	1675	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1676	ENDDO
	1677
	1678	!
[142]	1679	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1680	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1681	!
	1682	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1683	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1684
[2696]	1685	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1686
	1687	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1688	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1689	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1690	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1691	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1692	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1693	)**2 + &
	1694	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1695	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1696	)**2 + &
	1697	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1698	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1699	)**2 &
	1700	) * &
	1701	e(k,j,i)
	1702	ENDDO
[1960]	1703
	1704	!
	1705	!-- scalar concentration
	1706	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1707	!
	1708	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1709	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1710
[2696]	1711	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1712
	1713	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1714	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1715	lsec * &
	1716	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1717	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1718	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1719	)**2 + &
	1720	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1721	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1722	)**2 + &
	1723	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1724	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1725	)**2 &
	1726	) * &
	1727	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1728	ENDDO
[138]	1729
[142]	1730	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1731
[257]	1732	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1733	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1734
[142]	1735	END SELECT
[138]	1736
[1826]	1737	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1738
[2007]	1739
	1740
[138]	1741	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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