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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 2715

Last change on this file since 2715 was 2701, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
changes from last commit documented
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File size: 70.7 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[138]	21	! -----------------
[2214]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z raasch $
[2701]	27	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	28	!
	29	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2696]	30	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	31	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	32	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	33	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	34	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	35	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	36	!
	37	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	38	! coupling_char removed
	39	!
	40	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	41	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	42	! no output of ghost layer data
	43	!
	44	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	45	! Get topography top index via Function call
	46	!
	47	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	48	! Changed error messages
	49	!
	50	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	51	!
[2233]	52	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	53	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	54	!
[2214]	55	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	56	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	57	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	58	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	59	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	60	!
[2210]	61	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	62	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	63	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	64	!
[2025]	65	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	66	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	67	!
[2012]	68	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	69	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	70	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	71	! and similar future applications.
	72	!
[2008]	73	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	74	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	75	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	76	! introduction of urban surface model,
	77	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	78	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	79	!
[2001]	80	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	81	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	82	!
[1961]	83	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	84	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	85	!
[1954]	86	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	87	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	88	!
[1827]	89	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	90	! Further modularization
	91	!
[1722]	92	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	93	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	94	! canopy is set on top of topography
	95	!
[1683]	96	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	97	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	98	!
[1485]	99	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	100	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	101	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	102	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	103	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	104	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	105	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	106	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	107	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	108	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	109	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	110	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	111	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	112	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	113	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	114	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	115	! respectively,
	116	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	117	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	118	!
	119	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	120	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	121	!
[1321]	122	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	123	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	124	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	125	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	126	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	127	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	128	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	129	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	130	!
[1037]	131	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	132	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	133	!
[139]	134	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	135	! Initial revision
	136	!
[138]	137	! Description:
	138	! ------------
[1682]	139	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	140	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	141	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	142	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	143	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	144	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	145
[1484]	146	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	147	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	148
[1484]	149	USE indices, &
	150	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	151	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	152
	153	USE kinds
	154
[2317]	155	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	156	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	157
[2317]	158
[1484]	159	IMPLICIT NONE
	160
	161
[1682]	162	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	163
[2696]	164	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	165	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	166
[2696]	167	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	168
[1682]	169	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
	170	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy = .FALSE. !< switch for use of canopy model
[2696]	171	LOGICAL :: usm_lad_rma = .TRUE. !< use MPI RMA to access LAD for raytracing (instead of global array)
[1484]	172
[2696]	173	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	174	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	175	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	176	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	177	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	178	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	179	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	180	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	181	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	182	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	183	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	184	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	185	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	186	REAL(wp) :: prototype_lad !< prototype leaf area density for computing effective optical depth
[1484]	187
[2696]	188	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	189	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	190
[1682]	191	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	192	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	193
	194	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[2011]	195	pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[1682]	196	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	197	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[1484]	198
	199
	200	SAVE
	201
	202
[138]	203	PRIVATE
[1826]	204
	205	!
	206	!-- Public functions
[2209]	207	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	208	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	209
[1826]	210	!
	211	!-- Public variables and constants
[2011]	212	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2696]	213	pch_index, plant_canopy, prototype_lad, usm_lad_rma
[2007]	214
[1484]	215
[2209]	216	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	217	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	218	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	219
[1826]	220	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	221	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	222	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	223
	224	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	225	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	226	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	227
	228	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	229	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	230	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	231
	232	INTERFACE pcm_header
	233	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	234	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	235
	236	INTERFACE pcm_init
	237	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	238	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	239
[1826]	240	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	241	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	242	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	243
	244	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	245	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	246	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	247
	248	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	249	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	250	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	251	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	252
	253
[138]	254	CONTAINS
	255
[2209]	256
	257	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	258	! Description:
	259	! ------------
	260	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	261	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	262	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	263
[2209]	264
	265	USE control_parameters, &
	266	ONLY: data_output, message_string
	267
	268	IMPLICIT NONE
	269
	270	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	271	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	272
	273
	274	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	275
	276	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	277	unit = 'K s-1'
	278
	279	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	280	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	281
	282
	283	CASE DEFAULT
	284	unit = 'illegal'
	285
	286	END SELECT
	287
	288
	289	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	290
	291
[1826]	292	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	293	! Description:
	294	! ------------
	295	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	296	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	297	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	298
[1826]	299	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	300	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
	301	microphysics_seifert
	302
	303	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	304	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	305
	306
	307	IMPLICIT NONE
	308
	309
	310	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	311	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	312	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
	313	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	314	ENDIF
	315
	316	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	317	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	318	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	319	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	320	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
	321	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	322	ENDIF
	323
	324	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	325	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	326	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	327	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	328	'lai_beta = 0.0'
	329	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	330	ENDIF
	331
	332	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	333	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	334	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	335	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	336	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	337	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	338	'density profile'
	339	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	340	ENDIF
	341
	342	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	343	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	344	' seifert_beheng'
	345	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	346	ENDIF
[2696]	347	!
	348	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	349	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	350	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	351	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	352	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	353	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	354	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
	355	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	356	ENDIF
[1826]	357
	358
	359	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	360
	361
[138]	362	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	363	!
[1484]	364	! Description:
	365	! ------------
[2209]	366	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	367	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	368	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value )
[2209]	369
	370	USE control_parameters, &
	371	ONLY : nz_do3d
	372
	373	USE indices
	374
	375	USE kinds
	376
	377
	378	IMPLICIT NONE
	379
	380	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	381
[2696]	382	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	383	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	384	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	385	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	386	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[2209]	387
	388	LOGICAL :: found !<
	389
[2696]	390	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[2512]	391	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb:nz_do3d) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	392
	393
	394	found = .TRUE.
	395
[2696]	396	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	397
	398	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	399
	400	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	401	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	402	DO i = nxl, nxr
	403	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	404	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	405	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	406	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	407	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	408	ENDDO
	409	ENDIF
[2209]	410	ENDDO
	411	ENDDO
	412	ENDIF
	413
	414
	415	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	416	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	417	DO i = nxl, nxr
	418	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	419	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	420	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	421	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	422	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	423	ENDDO
	424	ENDIF
[2209]	425	ENDDO
	426	ENDDO
	427	ENDIF
	428
	429
	430	CASE DEFAULT
	431	found = .FALSE.
	432
	433	END SELECT
	434
	435
	436	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	437
	438	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	439	!
	440	! Description:
	441	! ------------
	442	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	443	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	444	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	445	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	446
	447	IMPLICIT NONE
	448
	449	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	450	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	451	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	452	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	453	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	454
	455	found = .TRUE.
	456
	457	!
	458	!-- Check for the grid
	459	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	460
	461	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad' )
	462	grid_x = 'x'
	463	grid_y = 'y'
	464	grid_z = 'zu'
	465
	466	CASE DEFAULT
	467	found = .FALSE.
	468	grid_x = 'none'
	469	grid_y = 'none'
	470	grid_z = 'none'
	471	END SELECT
	472
	473	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	474
	475
	476	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	477	! Description:
	478	! ------------
[1826]	479	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	480	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	481	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	482
	483	USE control_parameters, &
	484	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	485
	486
	487	IMPLICIT NONE
	488
	489	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	490
	491	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	492	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	493	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	494	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	495
	496	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	497	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	498	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	499
	500	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	501
	502	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	503
	504	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	505	canopy_drag_coeff
	506	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	507	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	508	leaf_surface_conc
	509	ENDIF
	510
	511	!
	512	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	513	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	514
	515	!
	516	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	517	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	518	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	519
	520	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	521	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	522	gradients = '------'
	523	slices = ' 0'
	524	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	525	i = 1
	526	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	527	/= -9999 )
	528
	529	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	530	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	531	TRIM( coor_chr )
	532
	533	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	534	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	535
	536	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	537	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	538
	539	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	540	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	541
	542	i = i + 1
	543	ENDDO
	544
	545	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	546	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	547
	548	ELSE
	549
	550	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	551	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	552
	553	DO k = 1, pch_index
	554
	555	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	556	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	557	TRIM( coor_chr )
	558
	559	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	560	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	561
	562	ENDDO
	563
	564	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	565	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	566
	567	ENDIF
	568
	569	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	570	' ------------------------------'// &
	571	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	572	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	573	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	574	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	575	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	576	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	577	' K m/s')
	578	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	579	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	580	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	581	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	582	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	583	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	584	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	585	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	586	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	587	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	588	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	589
	590	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	591
	592
	593	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	594	! Description:
	595	! ------------
[1682]	596	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	597	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	598	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	599
	600
	601	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	602	ONLY: dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, message_string, ocean, &
	603	passive_scalar, urban_surface
[1484]	604
[2696]	605	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	606	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	607
[2232]	608	USE surface_mod, &
	609	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	610
	611	IMPLICIT NONE
	612
[2007]	613	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
	614
	615	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	616	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
	617	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	618	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	619	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	620
[2007]	621	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	622	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	623	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	624	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
	625	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
	626
[1484]	627	!
	628	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	629	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	630	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	631	lad = 0.0_wp
	632	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	633
	634	!
[1826]	635	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	636	!-- a beta probability density function
	637	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	638	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	639	ENDIF
	640
	641
	642	!
[1484]	643	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	644	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	645	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	646	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	647	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	648	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	649
	650	!
	651	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	652	i = 1
	653	gradient = 0.0_wp
	654
	655	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	656
	657	lad(0) = lad_surface
	658	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	659
	660	DO k = 1, pch_index
	661	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	662	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	663	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	664	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	665	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	666	i = i + 1
	667	ENDIF
	668	ENDIF
	669	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	670	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	671	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	672	ELSE
	673	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	674	ENDIF
	675	ELSE
	676	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	677	ENDIF
	678	ENDDO
	679
	680	ENDIF
	681
	682	!
	683	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	684	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	685	!-- file.
	686	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	687	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	688	ENDIF
	689
	690	ELSE
	691
	692	!
	693	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	694	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	695	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	696
[2232]	697	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	698	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	699	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	700	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	701	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	702	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	703	ENDDO
	704
	705	!
	706	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	707	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	708	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	709	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	710	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	711	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	712	) / canopy_height
[1484]	713	ENDDO
	714
	715	!
	716	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	717	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	718	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	719	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	720	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	721	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	722	ENDDO
	723
	724	ENDIF
	725
	726	!
[2213]	727	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	728	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	729
	730	!
	731	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	732	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	733	!-- with the prescribed values
	734	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	735	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	736	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	737
	738	!
	739	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	740	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	741	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	742	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	743
	744	CASE( 'block' )
	745
	746	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	747	DO j = nysg, nyng
	748	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	749	ENDDO
	750	ENDDO
	751
[2007]	752	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	753	!
[2696]	754	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	755	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	756	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	757	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	758	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	759	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	760	!
	761	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	762	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	763	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	764
	765	DO i = nxl, nxr
	766	DO j = nys, nyn
	767	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	768	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	769	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	770	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	771	ENDDO
	772	ENDDO
	773	ENDDO
	774	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	775	!
	776	! ASCII file
[2007]	777	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	778	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	779	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	780	!-- each location).
[2696]	781	ELSE
	782	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	783	ENDIF
[2007]	784
[1484]	785	CASE DEFAULT
	786	!
[2007]	787	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	788	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	789	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	790	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	791	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	792	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	793
	794	END SELECT
[2696]	795	!
	796	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	797	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	798	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	799
[2696]	800	DO i = nxl, nxr
	801	DO j = nys, nyn
	802	DO k = 0, pch_index
	803	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	804	ENDDO
[1484]	805	!
[2696]	806	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	807	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	808	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	809	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	810	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	811	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	812	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	813	ENDIF
	814
	815	ENDDO
	816	ENDDO
	817
	818	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	819
	820	!
[2011]	821	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	822	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	823	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	824	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	825	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	826	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	827	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	828	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	829	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	830	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	831	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	832	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	833	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
	834	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface) THEN
	835
	836	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	837	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	838	!
[2011]	839	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	840	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	841	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	842	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	843	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	844	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	845	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	846	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	847	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	848	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	849	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	850	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	851	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	852	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	853	ELSE
	854	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	855	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	856	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	857	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	858	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	859	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	860	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	861	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	862	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	863	ENDIF
	864	ENDDO
	865	ENDDO
	866	ENDDO
	867
[2232]	868	!
	869	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	870	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	871	!-- Start with default surface type
	872	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	873	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	874	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	875	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	876	ENDDO
[1484]	877	!
[2232]	878	!-- Natural surfaces
	879	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	880	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	881	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	882	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	883	ENDDO
	884	!
	885	!-- Urban surfaces
	886	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	887	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	888	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	889	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	890	ENDDO
	891	!
	892	!
[2011]	893	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	894	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	895	!-- canopy.
	896	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	897	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	898	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	899	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	900	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	901	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	902	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	903	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	904	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	905	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
	906	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	907	ENDIF
	908	ENDDO
[1721]	909	ENDDO
	910	ENDDO
[1484]	911
	912	ENDIF
	913
	914
	915
[1826]	916	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	917
	918
[2007]	919	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	920	! Description:
	921	! ------------
	922	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	923	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	924	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	925
[2007]	926
	927	IMPLICIT NONE
	928
	929	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	930
	931	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	932	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	933	lad_surface, &
	934	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	935	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	936	lai_beta, &
	937	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	938	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	939
	940	line = ' '
	941
	942	!
	943	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	944	REWIND ( 11 )
	945	line = ' '
	946	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	947	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	948	ENDDO
	949	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	950
	951	!
	952	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	953	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	954
	955	!
	956	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	957	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	958
	959	10 CONTINUE
	960
	961
	962	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	963
	964
	965
[1484]	966	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	967	! Description:
	968	! ------------
[2007]	969	!
	970	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	971	!>
	972	!> num_levels
	973	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	974	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	975	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	976	!> ...
	977	!>
	978	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	979	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	980	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	981	!>
	982	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	983	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	984	!>
	985	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	986	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	987	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	988	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	989
	990	USE control_parameters, &
	991	ONLY: message_string, passive_scalar
[2007]	992
[2213]	993	USE indices, &
	994	ONLY: nbgp
	995
	996	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	997
[2213]	998	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
	999	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1000	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1001	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1002	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1003
	1004	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1005
[2213]	1006	!
	1007	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1008	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1009
	1010	!
	1011	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
	1012	OPEN(152, file='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D', access='SEQUENTIAL', &
	1013	action='READ', status='OLD', form='FORMATTED', err=515)
	1014	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
	1015
	1016	ALLOCATE(col(0:nzp-1))
[2007]	1017
[2213]	1018	DO
	1019	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) dtype, i, j, col(:)
	1020	IF ( i < nxlg .or. i > nxrg .or. j < nysg .or. j > nyng ) CYCLE
[2007]	1021
[2213]	1022	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1023	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
	1024	!
	1025	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1026	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1027	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1028	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1029	lad_s(0:nzp-1, j, i) = col(0:nzp-1)
	1030
	1031	CASE DEFAULT
[2696]	1032	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
[2213]	1033	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1034	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1035	END SELECT
	1036	ENDDO
[2007]	1037
[2213]	1038	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1039	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1040
[2213]	1041	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1042	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1043
	1044	517 CLOSE(152)
	1045	DEALLOCATE(col)
	1046
	1047	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1048
	1049	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1050
	1051
	1052
	1053	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1054	! Description:
	1055	! ------------
[1682]	1056	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1057	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1058	!>
	1059	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1060	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1061	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1062	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1063	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1064	!>
	1065	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1066	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1067	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1068	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1069	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1070	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1071	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1072	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1073	!>
	1074	!>
	1075	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1076	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1077	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1078
	1079
[1320]	1080	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1081	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1082
	1083	USE kinds
	1084
[138]	1085	IMPLICIT NONE
	1086
[1682]	1087	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1088	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1089	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1090	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1091	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1092	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1093
[1682]	1094	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1095	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1096	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1097	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1098	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1099	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1100
	1101
	1102	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1103
	1104	!
[1484]	1105	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1106	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1107
	1108	!
	1109	!-- u-component
	1110	CASE ( 1 )
	1111	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1112	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1113	!
	1114	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1115	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1116	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1117
[2232]	1118	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1119	!
	1120	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1121	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1122	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1123	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1124	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1125	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1126	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1127	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1128	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1129	THEN
	1130	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1131	ENDIF
	1132
	1133	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1134	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1135	!
	1136	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1137	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1138	lad_local * &
	1139	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1140	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1141	v(k,j,i) + &
	1142	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1143	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1144	)**2 + &
	1145	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1146	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1147	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1148	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1149	)**2 &
	1150	) * &
	1151	u(k,j,i)
	1152
	1153	!
	1154	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1155	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1156	!
	1157	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1158	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1159	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1160	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1161	ELSE
	1162	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1163	ENDIF
	1164	!
	1165	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1166	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1167
[138]	1168	ENDDO
	1169	ENDDO
	1170	ENDDO
	1171
	1172	!
	1173	!-- v-component
	1174	CASE ( 2 )
	1175	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1176	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1177	!
	1178	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1179	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1180
[2696]	1181	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1182
[2232]	1183	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1184	!
	1185	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1186	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1187	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1188	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1189	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1190	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1191	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1192	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1193	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1194	THEN
	1195	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1196	ENDIF
	1197
	1198	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1199	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1200	!
	1201	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1202	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1203	lad_local * &
	1204	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1205	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1206	u(k,j,i) + &
	1207	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1208	)**2 + &
	1209	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1210	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1211	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1212	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1213	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1214	)**2 &
	1215	) * &
	1216	v(k,j,i)
	1217
	1218	!
	1219	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1220	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1221	!
	1222	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1223	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1224	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1225	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1226	ELSE
	1227	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1228	ENDIF
	1229	!
	1230	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1231	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1232
[138]	1233	ENDDO
	1234	ENDDO
	1235	ENDDO
	1236
	1237	!
	1238	!-- w-component
	1239	CASE ( 3 )
	1240	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1241	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1242	!
	1243	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1244	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1245
[2696]	1246	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1247
[2232]	1248	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1249
[1484]	1250	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1251	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1252	!
	1253	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1254	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1255	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1256	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1257	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1258	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1259	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1260	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1261	)**2 + &
	1262	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1263	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1264	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1265	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1266	)**2 + &
	1267	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1268	) * &
	1269	w(k,j,i)
	1270	!
	1271	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1272	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1273	!
	1274	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1275	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1276	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1277	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1278	ELSE
	1279	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1280	ENDIF
	1281	!
	1282	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1283	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1284
[138]	1285	ENDDO
	1286	ENDDO
	1287	ENDDO
	1288
	1289	!
[153]	1290	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1291	CASE ( 4 )
	1292	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1293	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1294	!
	1295	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1296	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1297
[2696]	1298	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1299
	1300	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1301	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1302	ENDDO
	1303	ENDDO
	1304	ENDDO
	1305
	1306	!
[1960]	1307	!-- humidity
[153]	1308	CASE ( 5 )
	1309	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1310	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1311	!
	1312	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1313	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1314
[2696]	1315	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1316
	1317	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1318	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1319	lsec * &
[1721]	1320	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1321	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1322	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1323	)**2 + &
	1324	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1325	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1326	)**2 + &
	1327	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1328	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1329	)**2 &
	1330	) * &
	1331	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1332	ENDDO
	1333	ENDDO
	1334	ENDDO
	1335
	1336	!
	1337	!-- sgs-tke
	1338	CASE ( 6 )
	1339	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1340	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1341	!
	1342	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1343	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1344
[2696]	1345	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1346
	1347	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1348	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1349	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1350	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1351	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1352	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1353	)**2 + &
	1354	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1355	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1356	)**2 + &
	1357	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1358	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1359	)**2 &
	1360	) * &
	1361	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1362	ENDDO
	1363	ENDDO
	1364	ENDDO
[1960]	1365	!
	1366	!-- scalar concentration
	1367	CASE ( 7 )
	1368	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1369	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1370	!
	1371	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1372	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1373
[2696]	1374	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1375
	1376	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1377	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1378	lsec * &
	1379	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1380	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1381	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1382	)**2 + &
	1383	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1384	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1385	)**2 + &
	1386	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1387	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1388	)**2 &
	1389	) * &
	1390	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1391	ENDDO
	1392	ENDDO
	1393	ENDDO
[1484]	1394
	1395
[1960]	1396
[138]	1397	CASE DEFAULT
	1398
[257]	1399	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1400	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1401
	1402	END SELECT
	1403
[1826]	1404	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1405
	1406
	1407	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1408	! Description:
	1409	! ------------
[1682]	1410	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1411	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1412	!>
	1413	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1414	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1415	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1416	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1417	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1418	!>
	1419	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1420	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1421	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1422	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1423	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1424	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1425	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1426	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1427	!>
	1428	!>
	1429	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1430	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1431	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1432
	1433
[1320]	1434	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1435	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1436
	1437	USE kinds
	1438
[138]	1439	IMPLICIT NONE
	1440
[1682]	1441	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1442	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1443	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1444	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1445	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1446	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1447
[1682]	1448	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1449	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1450	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1451	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1452	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1453	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1454
	1455
	1456	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1457	!
[1484]	1458	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1459	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1460
	1461	!
[142]	1462	!-- u-component
[1484]	1463	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1464	!
	1465	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1466	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1467	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1468
[2696]	1469	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1470
	1471	!
[1484]	1472	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1473	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1474	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1475	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1476	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1477	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1478	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1479	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1480	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1481	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1482	ENDIF
	1483
	1484	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1485	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1486	!
	1487	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1488	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1489	lad_local * &
	1490	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1491	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1492	v(k,j,i) + &
	1493	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1494	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1495	)**2 + &
	1496	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1497	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1498	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1499	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1500	)**2 &
	1501	) * &
	1502	u(k,j,i)
	1503
	1504	!
	1505	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1506	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1507	!
	1508	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1509	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1510	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1511	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1512	ELSE
	1513	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1514	ENDIF
	1515	!
	1516	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1517	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1518	ENDDO
	1519
	1520
	1521	!
[142]	1522	!-- v-component
[1484]	1523	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1524	!
	1525	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1526	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1527
[2696]	1528	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1529
[2232]	1530	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1531	!
[1484]	1532	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1533	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1534	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1535	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1536	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1537	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1538	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1539	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1540	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1541	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1542	ENDIF
	1543
	1544	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1545	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1546	!
	1547	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1548	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1549	lad_local * &
	1550	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1551	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1552	u(k,j,i) + &
	1553	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1554	)**2 + &
	1555	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1556	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1557	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1558	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1559	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1560	)**2 &
	1561	) * &
	1562	v(k,j,i)
	1563
	1564	!
	1565	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1566	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1567	!
	1568	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1569	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1570	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1571	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1572	ELSE
	1573	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1574	ENDIF
	1575	!
	1576	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1577	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1578	ENDDO
	1579
	1580
	1581	!
[142]	1582	!-- w-component
[1484]	1583	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1584	!
	1585	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1586	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1587
[2696]	1588	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1589
[2232]	1590	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1591
[1484]	1592	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1593	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1594	!
[1484]	1595	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1596	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1597	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1598	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1599	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1600	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1601	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1602	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1603	)**2 + &
	1604	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1605	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1606	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1607	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1608	)**2 + &
	1609	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1610	) * &
	1611	w(k,j,i)
	1612	!
	1613	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1614	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1615	!
	1616	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1617	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1618	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1619	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1620	ELSE
	1621	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1622	ENDIF
	1623	!
	1624	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1625	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1626	ENDDO
	1627
	1628	!
[153]	1629	!-- potential temperature
	1630	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1631	!
	1632	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1633	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1634
[2696]	1635	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1636	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1637	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1638	ENDDO
	1639
	1640
	1641	!
[1960]	1642	!-- humidity
[153]	1643	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1644	!
	1645	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1646	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1647
[2696]	1648	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1649
	1650	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1651	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1652	lsec * &
[1721]	1653	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1654	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1655	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1656	)**2 + &
	1657	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1658	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1659	)**2 + &
	1660	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1661	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1662	)**2 &
	1663	) * &
	1664	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1665	ENDDO
	1666
	1667	!
[142]	1668	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1669	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1670	!
	1671	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1672	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1673
[2696]	1674	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1675
	1676	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1677	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1678	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1679	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1680	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1681	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1682	)**2 + &
	1683	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1684	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1685	)**2 + &
	1686	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1687	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1688	)**2 &
	1689	) * &
	1690	e(k,j,i)
	1691	ENDDO
[1960]	1692
	1693	!
	1694	!-- scalar concentration
	1695	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1696	!
	1697	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1698	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1699
[2696]	1700	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1701
	1702	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1703	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1704	lsec * &
	1705	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1706	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1707	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1708	)**2 + &
	1709	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1710	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1711	)**2 + &
	1712	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1713	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1714	)**2 &
	1715	) * &
	1716	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1717	ENDDO
[138]	1718
[142]	1719	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1720
[257]	1721	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1722	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1723
[142]	1724	END SELECT
[138]	1725
[1826]	1726	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1727
[2007]	1728
	1729
[138]	1730	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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