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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 2219

Last change on this file since 2219 was 2214, checked in by kanani, 8 years ago
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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[138]	21	! -----------------
[2214]	22	!
	23	!
	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 2214 2017-04-24 15:11:32Z hellstea $
	27	!
	28	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	29	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	30	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	31	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	32	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	33	!
[2210]	34	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	35	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	36	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	37	!
[2025]	38	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	39	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	40	!
[2012]	41	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	42	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	43	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	44	! and similar future applications.
	45	!
[2008]	46	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	47	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	48	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	49	! introduction of urban surface model,
	50	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	51	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	52	!
[2001]	53	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	54	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	55	!
[1961]	56	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	57	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	58	!
[1954]	59	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	60	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	61	!
[1827]	62	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	63	! Further modularization
	64	!
[1722]	65	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	66	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	67	! canopy is set on top of topography
	68	!
[1683]	69	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	70	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	71	!
[1485]	72	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	73	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	74	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	75	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	76	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	77	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	78	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	79	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	80	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	81	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	82	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	83	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	84	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	85	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	86	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	87	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	88	! respectively,
	89	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	90	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	91	!
	92	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	93	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	94	!
[1321]	95	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	96	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	97	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	98	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	99	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	100	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	101	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	102	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	103	!
[1037]	104	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	105	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	106	!
[139]	107	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	108	! Initial revision
	109	!
[138]	110	! Description:
	111	! ------------
[1682]	112	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	113	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	114	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	115	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	116	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	117	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	118
[1484]	119	USE arrays_3d, &
[1960]	120	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, shf, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	121
[1484]	122	USE indices, &
	123	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
	124	nz, nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_w_inner, nzt
	125
	126	USE kinds
	127
	128
	129	IMPLICIT NONE
	130
	131
[1682]	132	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	133
[1682]	134	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
[1484]	135	INTEGER(iwp) :: &
[1682]	136	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	137
[1682]	138	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
	139	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy = .FALSE. !< switch for use of canopy model
[1484]	140
[1682]	141	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	142	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	143	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	144	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	145	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	146	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
[2007]	147	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
[1682]	148	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	149	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
[1484]	150	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	151	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	152	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	153	leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	154	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	155	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	156
	157	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	158	lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
[1484]	159	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	160	lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	161
[1682]	162	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	163	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	164
	165	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[2011]	166	pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[1682]	167	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	168	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[1484]	169
	170
	171	SAVE
	172
	173
[138]	174	PRIVATE
[1826]	175
	176	!
	177	!-- Public functions
[2209]	178	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	179	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	180
[1826]	181	!
	182	!-- Public variables and constants
[2011]	183	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2007]	184	pch_index, plant_canopy
	185
[1484]	186
[2209]	187	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	188	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	189	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	190
[1826]	191	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	192	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	193	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	194
	195	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	196	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	197	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	198
	199	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	200	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	201	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	202
	203	INTERFACE pcm_header
	204	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	205	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	206
	207	INTERFACE pcm_init
	208	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	209	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	210
[1826]	211	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	212	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	213	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	214
	215	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	216	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	217	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	218
	219	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	220	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	221	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	222	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	223
	224
[138]	225	CONTAINS
	226
[2209]	227
	228	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	229	! Description:
	230	! ------------
	231	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	232	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	233	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	234
[2209]	235
	236	USE control_parameters, &
	237	ONLY: data_output, message_string
	238
	239	IMPLICIT NONE
	240
	241	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	242	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	243
	244
	245	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	246
	247	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	248	unit = 'K s-1'
	249
	250	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	251	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	252
	253
	254	CASE DEFAULT
	255	unit = 'illegal'
	256
	257	END SELECT
	258
	259
	260	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	261
	262
[1826]	263	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	264	! Description:
	265	! ------------
	266	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	267	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	268	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	269
[1826]	270	USE control_parameters, &
	271	ONLY: cloud_physics, message_string, microphysics_seifert
	272
	273
	274	IMPLICIT NONE
	275
	276
	277	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	278	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	279	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
	280	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	281	ENDIF
	282
	283	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	284	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	285	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	286	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	287	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
	288	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	289	ENDIF
	290
	291	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	292	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	293	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	294	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	295	'lai_beta = 0.0'
	296	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	297	ENDIF
	298
	299	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	300	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9' // &
	301	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	302	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	303	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	304	'density profile'
	305	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	306	ENDIF
	307
	308	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	309	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	310	' seifert_beheng'
	311	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	312	ENDIF
	313
	314
	315	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	316
	317
[138]	318	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	319	!
[1484]	320	! Description:
	321	! ------------
[2209]	322	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	323	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	324	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
	325
	326	USE control_parameters, &
	327	ONLY : nz_do3d
	328
	329	USE indices
	330
	331	USE kinds
	332
	333
	334	IMPLICIT NONE
	335
	336	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	337
	338	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	339	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	340	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	341	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	342
	343	LOGICAL :: found !<
	344
	345	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nz_do3d) :: local_pf !<
	346
	347
	348	found = .TRUE.
	349
	350
	351	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	352
	353	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2213]	354	CALL exchange_horiz( pc_heating_rate, nbgp )
[2209]	355	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	356	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	357	DO j = nysg, nyng
	358	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i), nz_do3d
[2213]	359	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-nzb_s_inner(j,i),j,i)
[2209]	360	ENDDO
	361	ENDDO
	362	ENDDO
	363	ENDIF
	364
	365
	366	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	367	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	368	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	369	DO j = nysg, nyng
	370	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i), nz_do3d
[2213]	371	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-nzb_s_inner(j,i),j,i)
[2209]	372	ENDDO
	373	ENDDO
	374	ENDDO
	375	ENDIF
	376
	377
	378	CASE DEFAULT
	379	found = .FALSE.
	380
	381	END SELECT
	382
	383
	384	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	385
	386	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	387	!
	388	! Description:
	389	! ------------
	390	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	391	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	392	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	393	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	394
	395	IMPLICIT NONE
	396
	397	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	398	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	399	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	400	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	401	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	402
	403	found = .TRUE.
	404
	405	!
	406	!-- Check for the grid
	407	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	408
	409	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad' )
	410	grid_x = 'x'
	411	grid_y = 'y'
	412	grid_z = 'zu'
	413
	414	CASE DEFAULT
	415	found = .FALSE.
	416	grid_x = 'none'
	417	grid_y = 'none'
	418	grid_z = 'none'
	419	END SELECT
	420
	421	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	422
	423
	424	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	425	! Description:
	426	! ------------
[1826]	427	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	428	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	429	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	430
	431	USE control_parameters, &
	432	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	433
	434
	435	IMPLICIT NONE
	436
	437	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	438
	439	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	440	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	441	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	442	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	443
	444	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	445	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	446	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	447
	448	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	449
	450	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	451
	452	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	453	canopy_drag_coeff
	454	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	455	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	456	leaf_surface_conc
	457	ENDIF
	458
	459	!
	460	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	461	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	462
	463	!
	464	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	465	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	466	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	467
	468	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	469	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	470	gradients = '------'
	471	slices = ' 0'
	472	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	473	i = 1
	474	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	475	/= -9999 )
	476
	477	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	478	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	479	TRIM( coor_chr )
	480
	481	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	482	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	483
	484	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	485	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	486
	487	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	488	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	489
	490	i = i + 1
	491	ENDDO
	492
	493	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	494	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	495
	496	ELSE
	497
	498	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	499	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	500
	501	DO k = 1, pch_index
	502
	503	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	504	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	505	TRIM( coor_chr )
	506
	507	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	508	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	509
	510	ENDDO
	511
	512	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	513	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	514
	515	ENDIF
	516
	517	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	518	' ------------------------------'// &
	519	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	520	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	521	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	522	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	523	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	524	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	525	' K m/s')
	526	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	527	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	528	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	529	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	530	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	531	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	532	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	533	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	534	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	535	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	536	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	537
	538	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	539
	540
	541	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	542	! Description:
	543	! ------------
[1682]	544	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	545	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	546	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	547
	548
	549	USE control_parameters, &
[2213]	550	ONLY: coupling_char, dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, &
	551	message_string, ocean, passive_scalar
[1484]	552
[2213]	553	USE control_parameters, &
	554	ONLY: urban_surface
[1484]	555
	556	IMPLICIT NONE
	557
[2007]	558	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
	559
	560	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	561	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
	562	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	563	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1484]	564
[2007]	565	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	566	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	567	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	568	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
	569	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
	570
[1484]	571	!
	572	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	573	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	574	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	575	lad = 0.0_wp
	576	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	577
	578	!
[1826]	579	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	580	!-- a beta probability density function
	581	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	582	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	583	ENDIF
	584
	585
	586	!
[1484]	587	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	588	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	589	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	590	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	591	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	592	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	593
	594	!
	595	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	596	i = 1
	597	gradient = 0.0_wp
	598
	599	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	600
	601	lad(0) = lad_surface
	602	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	603
	604	DO k = 1, pch_index
	605	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	606	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	607	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	608	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	609	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	610	i = i + 1
	611	ENDIF
	612	ENDIF
	613	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	614	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	615	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	616	ELSE
	617	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	618	ENDIF
	619	ELSE
	620	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	621	ENDIF
	622	ENDDO
	623
	624	ENDIF
	625
	626	!
	627	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	628	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	629	!-- file.
	630	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	631	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	632	ENDIF
	633
	634	ELSE
	635
	636	!
	637	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	638	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	639	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	640
	641	DO k = nzb, pch_index
	642	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	643	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	644	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	645	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	646	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	647	ENDDO
	648
	649	!
	650	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
	651	DO k = nzb, pch_index
[1826]	652	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	653	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	654	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	655	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	656	) / canopy_height
[1484]	657	ENDDO
	658
	659	!
	660	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	661	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	662	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	663	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
	664	DO k = nzb+1, pch_index
	665	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	666	ENDDO
	667
	668	ENDIF
	669
	670	!
[2213]	671	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	672	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	673
	674	!
	675	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	676	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	677	!-- with the prescribed values
	678	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	679	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	680	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	681
	682	!
	683	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	684	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	685	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	686	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	687
	688	CASE( 'block' )
	689
	690	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	691	DO j = nysg, nyng
	692	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	693	ENDDO
	694	ENDDO
	695
[2007]	696	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	697	!
	698	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	699	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	700	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	701	!-- each location).
	702	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	703
[1484]	704	CASE DEFAULT
	705	!
[2007]	706	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	707	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	708	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	709	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	710	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	711	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	712
	713	END SELECT
	714
	715	!
[2011]	716	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	717	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	718	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	719	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	720	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	721	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	722	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	723	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	724	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	725	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	726	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	727	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	728	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
	729	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface) THEN
	730
	731	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	732	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	733	!
[2011]	734	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	735	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	736	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	737	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	738	DO j = nysg, nyng
	739	DO k = pch_index-1, 0, -1
	740	IF ( k == pch_index-1 ) THEN
	741	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	742	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	743	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	744	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	745	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	746	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	747	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	748	ELSE
	749	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	750	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	751	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	752	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	753	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	754	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	755	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	756	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	757	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	758	ENDIF
	759	ENDDO
	760	ENDDO
	761	ENDDO
	762
	763	!
[2011]	764	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
	765	!-- the plant canopy
[1484]	766	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	767	DO j = nysg, nyng
	768	!
[2011]	769	!-- Calculation only necessary in areas covered with canopy
	770	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	771	!--
	772	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	773	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	774	shf(j,i) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	775	!
	776	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	777	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	778	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	779	!-- of the respective layer
	780	DO k = 1, pch_index
	781	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	782	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
	783	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i)) ) / dzw(k)
	784	ENDDO
[1721]	785	ENDIF
	786	ENDDO
	787	ENDDO
[1484]	788
	789	ENDIF
	790
	791
	792
[1826]	793	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	794
	795
[2007]	796	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	797	! Description:
	798	! ------------
	799	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	800	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	801	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	802
[2007]	803
	804	IMPLICIT NONE
	805
	806	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	807
	808	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	809	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	810	lad_surface, &
	811	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	812	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	813	lai_beta, &
	814	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	815	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	816
	817	line = ' '
	818
	819	!
	820	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	821	REWIND ( 11 )
	822	line = ' '
	823	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	824	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	825	ENDDO
	826	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	827
	828	!
	829	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	830	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	831
	832	!
	833	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	834	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	835
	836	10 CONTINUE
	837
	838
	839	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	840
	841
	842
[1484]	843	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	844	! Description:
	845	! ------------
[2007]	846	!
	847	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	848	!>
	849	!> num_levels
	850	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	851	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	852	!> dtype,x,y,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	853	!> ...
	854	!>
	855	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	856	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	857	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	858	!>
	859	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	860	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	861	!>
	862	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	863	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	864	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	865	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	866
	867	USE control_parameters, &
	868	ONLY: message_string, passive_scalar
[2007]	869
[2213]	870	USE indices, &
	871	ONLY: nbgp
	872
	873	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	874
[2213]	875	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
	876	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	877	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	878	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	879	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	880
	881	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	882
[2213]	883	!
	884	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	885	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	886
	887	!
	888	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
	889	OPEN(152, file='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D', access='SEQUENTIAL', &
	890	action='READ', status='OLD', form='FORMATTED', err=515)
	891	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
	892
	893	ALLOCATE(col(0:nzp-1))
[2007]	894
[2213]	895	DO
	896	READ(152, *, err=516, end=517) dtype, i, j, col(:)
	897	IF ( i < nxlg .or. i > nxrg .or. j < nysg .or. j > nyng ) CYCLE
[2007]	898
[2213]	899	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	900	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
	901	!
	902	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	903	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	904	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	905	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	906	lad_s(0:nzp-1, j, i) = col(0:nzp-1)
	907
	908	CASE DEFAULT
	909	write(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	910	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	911	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	912	END SELECT
	913	ENDDO
[2007]	914
[2213]	915	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	916	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	917
[2213]	918	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	919	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	920
	921	517 CLOSE(152)
	922	DEALLOCATE(col)
	923
	924	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	925
	926	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	927
	928
	929
	930	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	931	! Description:
	932	! ------------
[1682]	933	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	934	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	935	!>
	936	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	937	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	938	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	939	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	940	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	941	!>
	942	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	943	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	944	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	945	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	946	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	947	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	948	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	949	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	950	!>
	951	!>
	952	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	953	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	954	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	955
	956
[1320]	957	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	958	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	959
	960	USE kinds
	961
[138]	962	IMPLICIT NONE
	963
[1682]	964	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	965	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	966	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	967	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	968	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	969
[1682]	970	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	971	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	972	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	973	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	974	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	975	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	976
	977
	978	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	979
	980	!
[1484]	981	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	982	SELECT CASE ( component )
	983
	984	!
	985	!-- u-component
	986	CASE ( 1 )
	987	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	988	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	989	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	990
[1721]	991	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	992	!
	993	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	994	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	995	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	996	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	997	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	998	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	999	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1000	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1001	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1002	THEN
	1003	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1004	ENDIF
	1005
	1006	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1007	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1008	!
	1009	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1010	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1011	lad_local * &
	1012	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1013	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1014	v(k,j,i) + &
	1015	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1016	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1017	)**2 + &
	1018	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1019	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1020	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1021	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1022	)**2 &
	1023	) * &
	1024	u(k,j,i)
	1025
	1026	!
	1027	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1028	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1029	!
	1030	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1031	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1032	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1033	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1034	ELSE
	1035	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1036	ENDIF
	1037	!
	1038	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1039	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1040
[138]	1041	ENDDO
	1042	ENDDO
	1043	ENDDO
	1044
	1045	!
	1046	!-- v-component
	1047	CASE ( 2 )
	1048	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1049	DO j = nysv, nyn
[1721]	1050	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	1051
[1721]	1052	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1053	!
	1054	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1055	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1056	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1057	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1058	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1059	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1060	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1061	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1062	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1063	THEN
	1064	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1065	ENDIF
	1066
	1067	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1068	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1069	!
	1070	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1071	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1072	lad_local * &
	1073	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1074	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1075	u(k,j,i) + &
	1076	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1077	)**2 + &
	1078	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1079	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1080	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1081	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1082	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1083	)**2 &
	1084	) * &
	1085	v(k,j,i)
	1086
	1087	!
	1088	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1089	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1090	!
	1091	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1092	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1093	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1094	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1095	ELSE
	1096	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1097	ENDIF
	1098	!
	1099	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1100	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1101
[138]	1102	ENDDO
	1103	ENDDO
	1104	ENDDO
	1105
	1106	!
	1107	!-- w-component
	1108	CASE ( 3 )
	1109	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1110	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	1111	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[1484]	1112
[1721]	1113	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1114
[1484]	1115	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1116	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1117	!
	1118	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1119	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1120	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1121	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1122	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1123	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1124	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1125	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1126	)**2 + &
	1127	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1128	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1129	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1130	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1131	)**2 + &
	1132	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1133	) * &
	1134	w(k,j,i)
	1135	!
	1136	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1137	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1138	!
	1139	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1140	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1141	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1142	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1143	ELSE
	1144	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1145	ENDIF
	1146	!
	1147	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1148	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1149
[138]	1150	ENDDO
	1151	ENDDO
	1152	ENDDO
	1153
	1154	!
[153]	1155	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1156	CASE ( 4 )
	1157	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1158	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	1159	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1160	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1161	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1162	ENDDO
	1163	ENDDO
	1164	ENDDO
	1165
	1166	!
[1960]	1167	!-- humidity
[153]	1168	CASE ( 5 )
	1169	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1170	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	1171	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1172	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1173	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1174	lsec * &
[1721]	1175	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1176	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1177	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1178	)**2 + &
	1179	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1180	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1181	)**2 + &
	1182	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1183	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1184	)**2 &
	1185	) * &
	1186	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1187	ENDDO
	1188	ENDDO
	1189	ENDDO
	1190
	1191	!
	1192	!-- sgs-tke
	1193	CASE ( 6 )
	1194	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1195	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	1196	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1197	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1198	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1199	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1200	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1201	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1202	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1203	)**2 + &
	1204	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1205	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1206	)**2 + &
	1207	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1208	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1209	)**2 &
	1210	) * &
	1211	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1212	ENDDO
	1213	ENDDO
	1214	ENDDO
[1960]	1215	!
	1216	!-- scalar concentration
	1217	CASE ( 7 )
	1218	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1219	DO j = nys, nyn
	1220	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1221	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1222	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1223	lsec * &
	1224	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1225	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1226	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1227	)**2 + &
	1228	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1229	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1230	)**2 + &
	1231	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1232	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1233	)**2 &
	1234	) * &
	1235	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1236	ENDDO
	1237	ENDDO
	1238	ENDDO
[1484]	1239
	1240
[1960]	1241
[138]	1242	CASE DEFAULT
	1243
[257]	1244	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1245	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1246
	1247	END SELECT
	1248
[1826]	1249	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1250
	1251
	1252	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1253	! Description:
	1254	! ------------
[1682]	1255	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1256	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1257	!>
	1258	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1259	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1260	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1261	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1262	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1263	!>
	1264	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1265	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1266	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1267	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1268	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1269	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1270	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1271	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1272	!>
	1273	!>
	1274	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1275	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1276	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1277
	1278
[1320]	1279	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1280	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1281
	1282	USE kinds
	1283
[138]	1284	IMPLICIT NONE
	1285
[1682]	1286	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1287	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1288	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1289	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	1290	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1291
[1682]	1292	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1293	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1294	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1295	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1296	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1297	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1298
	1299
	1300	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
	1301
[138]	1302	!
[1484]	1303	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1304	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1305
	1306	!
[142]	1307	!-- u-component
[1484]	1308	CASE ( 1 )
[1721]	1309	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1310
[1721]	1311	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1312	!
[1484]	1313	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1314	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1315	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1316	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1317	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1318	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1319	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1320	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1321	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1322	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1323	ENDIF
	1324
	1325	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1326	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1327	!
	1328	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1329	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1330	lad_local * &
	1331	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1332	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1333	v(k,j,i) + &
	1334	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1335	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1336	)**2 + &
	1337	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1338	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1339	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1340	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1341	)**2 &
	1342	) * &
	1343	u(k,j,i)
	1344
	1345	!
	1346	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1347	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1348	!
	1349	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1350	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1351	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1352	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1353	ELSE
	1354	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1355	ENDIF
	1356	!
	1357	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1358	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1359	ENDDO
	1360
	1361
	1362	!
[142]	1363	!-- v-component
[1484]	1364	CASE ( 2 )
[1721]	1365	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1366
[1721]	1367	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1368	!
[1484]	1369	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1370	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1371	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1372	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1373	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1374	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1375	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1376	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1377	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1378	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1379	ENDIF
	1380
	1381	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1382	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1383	!
	1384	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1385	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1386	lad_local * &
	1387	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1388	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1389	u(k,j,i) + &
	1390	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1391	)**2 + &
	1392	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1393	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1394	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1395	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1396	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1397	)**2 &
	1398	) * &
	1399	v(k,j,i)
	1400
	1401	!
	1402	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1403	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1404	!
	1405	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1406	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1407	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1408	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1409	ELSE
	1410	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1411	ENDIF
	1412	!
	1413	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1414	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1415	ENDDO
	1416
	1417
	1418	!
[142]	1419	!-- w-component
[1484]	1420	CASE ( 3 )
[1721]	1421	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[138]	1422
[1721]	1423	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1424
[1484]	1425	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1426	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1427	!
[1484]	1428	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1429	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1430	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1431	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1432	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1433	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1434	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1435	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1436	)**2 + &
	1437	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1438	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1439	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1440	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1441	)**2 + &
	1442	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1443	) * &
	1444	w(k,j,i)
	1445	!
	1446	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1447	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1448	!
	1449	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1450	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1451	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1452	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1453	ELSE
	1454	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1455	ENDIF
	1456	!
	1457	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1458	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1459	ENDDO
	1460
	1461	!
[153]	1462	!-- potential temperature
	1463	CASE ( 4 )
[1721]	1464	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1465	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1466	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1467	ENDDO
	1468
	1469
	1470	!
[1960]	1471	!-- humidity
[153]	1472	CASE ( 5 )
[1721]	1473	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1474	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1475	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1476	lsec * &
[1721]	1477	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1478	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1479	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1480	)**2 + &
	1481	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1482	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1483	)**2 + &
	1484	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1485	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1486	)**2 &
	1487	) * &
	1488	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1489	ENDDO
	1490
	1491	!
[142]	1492	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1493	CASE ( 6 )
[1721]	1494	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1495	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1496	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1497	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1498	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1499	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1500	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1501	)**2 + &
	1502	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1503	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1504	)**2 + &
	1505	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1506	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1507	)**2 &
	1508	) * &
	1509	e(k,j,i)
	1510	ENDDO
[1960]	1511
	1512	!
	1513	!-- scalar concentration
	1514	CASE ( 7 )
	1515	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1516	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1517	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1518	lsec * &
	1519	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1520	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1521	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1522	)**2 + &
	1523	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1524	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1525	)**2 + &
	1526	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1527	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1528	)**2 &
	1529	) * &
	1530	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1531	ENDDO
[138]	1532
[142]	1533	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1534
[257]	1535	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1536	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1537
[142]	1538	END SELECT
[138]	1539
[1826]	1540	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1541
[2007]	1542
	1543
[138]	1544	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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