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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 2005

Last change on this file since 2005 was 2001, checked in by knoop, 9 years ago
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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[1818]	17	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[138]	21	! -----------------
[1827]	22	!
[2001]	23	!
[1485]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 2001 2016-08-20 18:41:22Z suehring $
	27	!
[2001]	28	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	29	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	30	!
[1961]	31	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	32	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	33	!
[1954]	34	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	35	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	36	!
[1827]	37	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	38	! Further modularization
	39	!
[1722]	40	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	41	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	42	! canopy is set on top of topography
	43	!
[1683]	44	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	45	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	46	!
[1485]	47	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	48	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	49	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	50	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	51	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	52	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	53	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	54	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	55	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	56	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	57	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	58	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	59	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	60	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	61	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	62	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	63	! respectively,
	64	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	65	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	66	!
	67	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	68	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	69	!
[1321]	70	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	71	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	72	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	73	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	74	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	75	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	76	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	77	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	78	!
[1037]	79	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	80	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	81	!
[139]	82	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	83	! Initial revision
	84	!
[138]	85	! Description:
	86	! ------------
[1682]	87	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	88	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	89	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	90	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	91	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	92	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	93
[1484]	94	USE arrays_3d, &
[1960]	95	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, shf, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	96
[1484]	97	USE indices, &
	98	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
	99	nz, nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_w_inner, nzt
	100
	101	USE kinds
	102
	103
	104	IMPLICIT NONE
	105
	106
[1682]	107	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	108
[1682]	109	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
[1484]	110	INTEGER(iwp) :: &
[1682]	111	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	112
[1682]	113	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
	114	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy = .FALSE. !< switch for use of canopy model
[1484]	115
[1682]	116	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	117	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	118	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	119	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	120	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	121	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	122	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	123	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
[1484]	124	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	125	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	126	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	127	leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	128	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	129	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	130
	131	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	132	lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
[1484]	133	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	134	lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	135
[1682]	136	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	137	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	138
	139	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	140	canopy_heat_flux !< canopy heat flux
	141	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[1484]	143
	144
	145	SAVE
	146
	147
[138]	148	PRIVATE
[1826]	149
	150	!
	151	!-- Public functions
	152	PUBLIC pcm_check_parameters, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	153
[1826]	154	!
	155	!-- Public variables and constants
[1953]	156	PUBLIC canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, plant_canopy
[1484]	157
	158
[1826]	159	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	160	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
	161	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	162
	163	INTERFACE pcm_header
	164	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	165	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	166
	167	INTERFACE pcm_init
	168	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	169	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	170
[1826]	171	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	172	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
	173	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	174
	175	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	176	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	177	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	178	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	179
	180
[138]	181	CONTAINS
	182
[1826]	183
	184	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	185	! Description:
	186	! ------------
	187	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	188	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	189	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	190
[1826]	191	USE control_parameters, &
	192	ONLY: cloud_physics, message_string, microphysics_seifert
	193
	194
	195	IMPLICIT NONE
	196
	197
	198	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	199	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	200	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
	201	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	202	ENDIF
	203
	204	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	205	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	206	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	207	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	208	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
	209	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	210	ENDIF
	211
	212	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	213	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	214	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	215	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	216	'lai_beta = 0.0'
	217	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	218	ENDIF
	219
	220	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	221	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9' // &
	222	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	223	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	224	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	225	'density profile'
	226	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	227	ENDIF
	228
	229	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	230	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	231	' seifert_beheng'
	232	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	233	ENDIF
	234
	235
	236	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	237
	238
[138]	239	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	240	! Description:
	241	! ------------
[1826]	242	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	243	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	244	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	245
	246	USE control_parameters, &
	247	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	248
	249
	250	IMPLICIT NONE
	251
	252	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	253
	254	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	255	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	256	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	257	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	258
	259	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	260	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	261	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	262
	263	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	264
	265	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	266
	267	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	268	canopy_drag_coeff
	269	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	270	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	271	leaf_surface_conc
	272	ENDIF
	273
	274	!
	275	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	276	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	277
	278	!
	279	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	280	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	281	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	282
	283	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	284	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	285	gradients = '------'
	286	slices = ' 0'
	287	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	288	i = 1
	289	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	290	/= -9999 )
	291
	292	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	293	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	294	TRIM( coor_chr )
	295
	296	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	297	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	298
	299	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	300	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	301
	302	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	303	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	304
	305	i = i + 1
	306	ENDDO
	307
	308	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	309	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	310
	311	ELSE
	312
	313	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	314	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	315
	316	DO k = 1, pch_index
	317
	318	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	319	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	320	TRIM( coor_chr )
	321
	322	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	323	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	324
	325	ENDDO
	326
	327	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	328	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	329
	330	ENDIF
	331
	332	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	333	' ------------------------------'// &
	334	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	335	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	336	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	337	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	338	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	339	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	340	' K m/s')
	341	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	342	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	343	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	344	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	345	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	346	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	347	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	348	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	349	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	350	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	351	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	352
	353	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	354
	355
	356	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	357	! Description:
	358	! ------------
[1682]	359	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	360	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	361	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	362
	363
	364	USE control_parameters, &
	365	ONLY: dz, ocean, passive_scalar
	366
	367
	368	IMPLICIT NONE
	369
[1682]	370	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	371	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	372	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1484]	373
[1682]	374	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	375	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	376	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	377	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[1484]	378
	379	!
	380	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	381	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	382	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	383	lad = 0.0_wp
	384	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	385
	386	!
[1826]	387	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	388	!-- a beta probability density function
	389	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	390	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	391	ENDIF
	392
	393
	394	!
[1484]	395	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	396	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	397	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	398	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	399	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	400	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	401
	402	!
	403	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	404	i = 1
	405	gradient = 0.0_wp
	406
	407	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	408
	409	lad(0) = lad_surface
	410	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	411
	412	DO k = 1, pch_index
	413	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	414	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	415	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	416	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	417	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	418	i = i + 1
	419	ENDIF
	420	ENDIF
	421	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	422	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	423	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	424	ELSE
	425	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	426	ENDIF
	427	ELSE
	428	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	429	ENDIF
	430	ENDDO
	431
	432	ENDIF
	433
	434	!
	435	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	436	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	437	!-- file.
	438	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	439	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	440	ENDIF
	441
	442	ELSE
	443
	444	!
	445	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	446	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	447	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	448
	449	DO k = nzb, pch_index
	450	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	451	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	452	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	453	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	454	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	455	ENDDO
	456
	457	!
	458	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
	459	DO k = nzb, pch_index
[1826]	460	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	461	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	462	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	463	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	464	) / canopy_height
[1484]	465	ENDDO
	466
	467	!
	468	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	469	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	470	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	471	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
	472	DO k = nzb+1, pch_index
	473	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	474	ENDDO
	475
	476	ENDIF
	477
	478	!
	479	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s). In case of a
	480	!-- prescribed canopy-top heat flux (cthf), allocate 3D-arrays for
	481	!-- the cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf) and the canopy heat flux.
	482	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	483
	484	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	485	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	486	canopy_heat_flux(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	487	ENDIF
	488
	489	!
	490	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	491	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	492	!-- with the prescribed values
	493	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	494	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	495	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	496
	497	!
	498	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	499	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	500	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	501	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	502
	503	CASE( 'block' )
	504
	505	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	506	DO j = nysg, nyng
	507	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	508	ENDDO
	509	ENDDO
	510
	511	CASE DEFAULT
	512
	513	!
	514	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	515	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	516	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	517	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	518	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	519	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
	520
	521	END SELECT
	522
	523	!
	524	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution
	525	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	526	!
	527	!-- Piecewise calculation of the leaf area index by vertical
	528	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	529	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	530	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	531	DO j = nysg, nyng
	532	DO k = pch_index-1, 0, -1
	533	IF ( k == pch_index-1 ) THEN
	534	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	535	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	536	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	537	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	538	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	539	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	540	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	541	ELSE
	542	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	543	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	544	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	545	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	546	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	547	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	548	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	549	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	550	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	551	ENDIF
	552	ENDDO
	553	ENDDO
	554	ENDDO
	555
	556	!
	557	!-- Calculation of the upward kinematic vertical heat flux within the
	558	!-- canopy
	559	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	560	DO j = nysg, nyng
	561	DO k = 0, pch_index
	562	canopy_heat_flux(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	563	exp( -0.6_wp * cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) )
	564	ENDDO
	565	ENDDO
	566	ENDDO
	567
	568	!
[1721]	569	!-- In areas covered with canopy, the surface heat flux is set to
	570	!-- the surface value of the above calculated in-canopy heat flux
	571	!-- distribution
	572	DO i = nxlg,nxrg
	573	DO j = nysg, nyng
	574	IF ( canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i) /= cthf ) THEN
	575	shf(j,i) = canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i)
	576	ENDIF
	577	ENDDO
	578	ENDDO
[1484]	579
	580	ENDIF
	581
	582
	583
[1826]	584	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	585
	586
	587
	588	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	589	! Description:
	590	! ------------
[1682]	591	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	592	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	593	!>
	594	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	595	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	596	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	597	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	598	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	599	!>
	600	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	601	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	602	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	603	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	604	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	605	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	606	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	607	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	608	!>
	609	!>
	610	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	611	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	612	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	613
	614
[1320]	615	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	616	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	617
	618	USE kinds
	619
[138]	620	IMPLICIT NONE
	621
[1682]	622	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	623	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	624	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	625	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	626	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	627
[1682]	628	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	629	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	630	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	631	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	632	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	633	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	634
	635
	636	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	637
	638	!
[1484]	639	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	640	SELECT CASE ( component )
	641
	642	!
	643	!-- u-component
	644	CASE ( 1 )
	645	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	646	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	647	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	648
[1721]	649	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	650	!
	651	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	652	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	653	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	654	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	655	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	656	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	657	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	658	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	659	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	660	THEN
	661	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	662	ENDIF
	663
	664	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	665	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	666	!
	667	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	668	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	669	lad_local * &
	670	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	671	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	672	v(k,j,i) + &
	673	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	674	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	675	)**2 + &
	676	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	677	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	678	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	679	w(k,j,i) ) &
	680	)**2 &
	681	) * &
	682	u(k,j,i)
	683
	684	!
	685	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	686	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	687	!
	688	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	689	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	690	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	691	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	692	ELSE
	693	pre_tend = pre_tend
	694	ENDIF
	695	!
	696	!-- Calculate final tendency
	697	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	698
[138]	699	ENDDO
	700	ENDDO
	701	ENDDO
	702
	703	!
	704	!-- v-component
	705	CASE ( 2 )
	706	DO i = nxl, nxr
	707	DO j = nysv, nyn
[1721]	708	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	709
[1721]	710	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	711	!
	712	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	713	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	714	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	715	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	716	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	717	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	718	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	719	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	720	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	721	THEN
	722	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	723	ENDIF
	724
	725	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	726	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	727	!
	728	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	729	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	730	lad_local * &
	731	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	732	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	733	u(k,j,i) + &
	734	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	735	)**2 + &
	736	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	737	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	738	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	739	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	740	w(k,j,i) ) &
	741	)**2 &
	742	) * &
	743	v(k,j,i)
	744
	745	!
	746	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	747	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	748	!
	749	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	750	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	751	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	752	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	753	ELSE
	754	pre_tend = pre_tend
	755	ENDIF
	756	!
	757	!-- Calculate final tendency
	758	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	759
[138]	760	ENDDO
	761	ENDDO
	762	ENDDO
	763
	764	!
	765	!-- w-component
	766	CASE ( 3 )
	767	DO i = nxl, nxr
	768	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	769	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[1484]	770
[1721]	771	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	772
[1484]	773	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	774	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	775	!
	776	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	777	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	778	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	779	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	780	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	781	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	782	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	783	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	784	)**2 + &
	785	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	786	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	787	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	788	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	789	)**2 + &
	790	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	791	) * &
	792	w(k,j,i)
	793	!
	794	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	795	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	796	!
	797	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	798	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	799	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	800	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	801	ELSE
	802	pre_tend = pre_tend
	803	ENDIF
	804	!
	805	!-- Calculate final tendency
	806	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	807
[138]	808	ENDDO
	809	ENDDO
	810	ENDDO
	811
	812	!
[153]	813	!-- potential temperature
[138]	814	CASE ( 4 )
	815	DO i = nxl, nxr
	816	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	817	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	818	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	819	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	820	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	821	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	822	ENDDO
	823	ENDDO
	824	ENDDO
	825
	826	!
[1960]	827	!-- humidity
[153]	828	CASE ( 5 )
	829	DO i = nxl, nxr
	830	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	831	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	832	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	833	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	834	lsec * &
[1721]	835	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	836	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	837	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	838	)**2 + &
	839	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	840	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	841	)**2 + &
	842	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	843	w(k,j,i) ) &
	844	)**2 &
	845	) * &
	846	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	847	ENDDO
	848	ENDDO
	849	ENDDO
	850
	851	!
	852	!-- sgs-tke
	853	CASE ( 6 )
	854	DO i = nxl, nxr
	855	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	856	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	857	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	858	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	859	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	860	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	861	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	862	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	863	)**2 + &
	864	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	865	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	866	)**2 + &
	867	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	868	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	869	)**2 &
	870	) * &
	871	e(k,j,i)
[138]	872	ENDDO
	873	ENDDO
	874	ENDDO
[1960]	875	!
	876	!-- scalar concentration
	877	CASE ( 7 )
	878	DO i = nxl, nxr
	879	DO j = nys, nyn
	880	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	881	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	882	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	883	lsec * &
	884	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	885	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	886	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	887	)**2 + &
	888	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	889	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	890	)**2 + &
	891	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	892	w(k,j,i) ) &
	893	)**2 &
	894	) * &
	895	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	896	ENDDO
	897	ENDDO
	898	ENDDO
[1484]	899
	900
[1960]	901
[138]	902	CASE DEFAULT
	903
[257]	904	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	905	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	906
	907	END SELECT
	908
[1826]	909	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	910
	911
	912	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	913	! Description:
	914	! ------------
[1826]	915	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	916	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	917	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	918
	919
	920	IMPLICIT NONE
	921
	922	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	923
	924	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	925	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	926	lad_surface, &
	927	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	928	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	929	lai_beta, &
	930	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	931	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	932
	933	line = ' '
	934
	935	!
	936	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	937	REWIND ( 11 )
	938	line = ' '
	939	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	940	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	941	ENDDO
	942	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	943
	944	!
	945	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	946	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	947
	948	!
	949	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	950	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	951
	952	10 CONTINUE
	953
	954
	955	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	956
	957
	958
	959	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	960	! Description:
	961	! ------------
[1682]	962	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	963	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	964	!>
	965	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	966	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	967	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	968	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	969	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	970	!>
	971	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	972	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	973	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	974	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	975	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	976	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	977	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	978	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	979	!>
	980	!>
	981	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	982	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	983	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	984
	985
[1320]	986	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	987	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	988
	989	USE kinds
	990
[138]	991	IMPLICIT NONE
	992
[1682]	993	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	994	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	995	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	996	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	997	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	998
[1682]	999	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1000	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1001	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1002	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1003	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1004	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1005
	1006
	1007	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
	1008
[138]	1009	!
[1484]	1010	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1011	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1012
	1013	!
[142]	1014	!-- u-component
[1484]	1015	CASE ( 1 )
[1721]	1016	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1017
[1721]	1018	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1019	!
[1484]	1020	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1021	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1022	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1023	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1024	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1025	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1026	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1027	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1028	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1029	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1030	ENDIF
	1031
	1032	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1033	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1034	!
	1035	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1036	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1037	lad_local * &
	1038	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1039	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1040	v(k,j,i) + &
	1041	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1042	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1043	)**2 + &
	1044	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1045	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1046	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1047	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1048	)**2 &
	1049	) * &
	1050	u(k,j,i)
	1051
	1052	!
	1053	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1054	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1055	!
	1056	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1057	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1058	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1059	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1060	ELSE
	1061	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1062	ENDIF
	1063	!
	1064	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1065	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1066	ENDDO
	1067
	1068
	1069	!
[142]	1070	!-- v-component
[1484]	1071	CASE ( 2 )
[1721]	1072	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1073
[1721]	1074	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1075	!
[1484]	1076	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1077	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1078	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1079	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1080	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1081	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1082	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1083	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1084	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1085	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1086	ENDIF
	1087
	1088	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1089	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1090	!
	1091	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1092	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1093	lad_local * &
	1094	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1095	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1096	u(k,j,i) + &
	1097	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1098	)**2 + &
	1099	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1100	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1101	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1102	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1103	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1104	)**2 &
	1105	) * &
	1106	v(k,j,i)
	1107
	1108	!
	1109	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1110	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1111	!
	1112	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1113	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1114	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1115	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1116	ELSE
	1117	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1118	ENDIF
	1119	!
	1120	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1121	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1122	ENDDO
	1123
	1124
	1125	!
[142]	1126	!-- w-component
[1484]	1127	CASE ( 3 )
[1721]	1128	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[138]	1129
[1721]	1130	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1131
[1484]	1132	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1133	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1134	!
[1484]	1135	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1136	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1137	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1138	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1139	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1140	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1141	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1142	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1143	)**2 + &
	1144	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1145	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1146	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1147	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1148	)**2 + &
	1149	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1150	) * &
	1151	w(k,j,i)
	1152	!
	1153	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1154	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1155	!
	1156	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1157	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1158	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1159	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1160	ELSE
	1161	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1162	ENDIF
	1163	!
	1164	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1165	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1166	ENDDO
	1167
	1168	!
[153]	1169	!-- potential temperature
	1170	CASE ( 4 )
[1721]	1171	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1172	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1173	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	1174	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	1175	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	1176	ENDDO
	1177
	1178
	1179	!
[1960]	1180	!-- humidity
[153]	1181	CASE ( 5 )
[1721]	1182	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1183	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1184	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1185	lsec * &
[1721]	1186	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1187	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1188	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1189	)**2 + &
	1190	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1191	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1192	)**2 + &
	1193	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1194	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1195	)**2 &
	1196	) * &
	1197	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1198	ENDDO
	1199
	1200	!
[142]	1201	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1202	CASE ( 6 )
[1721]	1203	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1204	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1205	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1206	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1207	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1208	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1209	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1210	)**2 + &
	1211	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1212	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1213	)**2 + &
	1214	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1215	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1216	)**2 &
	1217	) * &
	1218	e(k,j,i)
	1219	ENDDO
[1960]	1220
	1221	!
	1222	!-- scalar concentration
	1223	CASE ( 7 )
	1224	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1225	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1226	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1227	lsec * &
	1228	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1229	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1230	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1231	)**2 + &
	1232	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1233	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1234	)**2 + &
	1235	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1236	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1237	)**2 &
	1238	) * &
	1239	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1240	ENDDO
[138]	1241
[142]	1242	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1243
[257]	1244	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1245	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1246
[142]	1247	END SELECT
[138]	1248
[1826]	1249	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1250
	1251	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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