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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 2000

Last change on this file since 2000 was 2000, checked in by knoop, 8 years ago
Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[1818]	17	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[138]	21	! -----------------
[2000]	22	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[1827]	23	!
[1485]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop $
	27	!
[1961]	28	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	29	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	30	!
[1954]	31	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	32	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	33	!
[1827]	34	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	35	! Further modularization
	36	!
[1722]	37	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	38	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	39	! canopy is set on top of topography
	40	!
[1683]	41	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	42	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	43	!
[1485]	44	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	45	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	46	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	47	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	48	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	49	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	50	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	51	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	52	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	53	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	54	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	55	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	56	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	57	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	58	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	59	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	60	! respectively,
	61	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	62	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	63	!
	64	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	65	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	66	!
[1321]	67	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	68	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	69	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	70	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	71	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	72	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	73	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	74	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	75	!
[1037]	76	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	77	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	78	!
[139]	79	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	80	! Initial revision
	81	!
[138]	82	! Description:
	83	! ------------
[1682]	84	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	85	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	86	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	87	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	88	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	89	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	90
[1484]	91	USE arrays_3d, &
[1960]	92	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, shf, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	93
[1484]	94	USE indices, &
	95	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
	96	nz, nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_w_inner, nzt
	97
	98	USE kinds
	99
	100
	101	IMPLICIT NONE
	102
	103
[1682]	104	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	105
[1682]	106	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
[1484]	107	INTEGER(iwp) :: &
[1682]	108	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	109
[1682]	110	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
	111	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy = .FALSE. !< switch for use of canopy model
[1484]	112
[1682]	113	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	114	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	115	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	116	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	117	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	118	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	119	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	120	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
[1484]	121	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	122	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	123	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	124	leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	125	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	126	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	127
	128	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	129	lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
[1484]	130	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	131	lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	132
[1682]	133	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	134	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	135
	136	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	137	canopy_heat_flux !< canopy heat flux
	138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	139	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[1484]	140
	141
	142	SAVE
	143
	144
[138]	145	PRIVATE
[1826]	146
	147	!
	148	!-- Public functions
	149	PUBLIC pcm_check_parameters, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	150
[1826]	151	!
	152	!-- Public variables and constants
[1953]	153	PUBLIC canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, plant_canopy
[1484]	154
	155
[1826]	156	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	157	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
	158	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	159
	160	INTERFACE pcm_header
	161	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	162	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	163
	164	INTERFACE pcm_init
	165	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	166	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	167
[1826]	168	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	169	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
	170	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	171
	172	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	173	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	174	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	175	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	176
	177
[138]	178	CONTAINS
	179
[1826]	180
	181	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	182	! Description:
	183	! ------------
	184	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	185	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	186	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	187
[1826]	188	USE control_parameters, &
	189	ONLY: cloud_physics, message_string, microphysics_seifert
	190
	191
	192	IMPLICIT NONE
	193
	194
	195	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	196	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	197	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
	198	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	199	ENDIF
	200
	201	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	202	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	203	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	204	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	205	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
	206	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	207	ENDIF
	208
	209	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	210	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	211	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	212	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	213	'lai_beta = 0.0'
	214	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	215	ENDIF
	216
	217	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	218	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9' // &
	219	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	220	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	221	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	222	'density profile'
	223	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	224	ENDIF
	225
	226	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	227	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	228	' seifert_beheng'
	229	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	230	ENDIF
	231
	232
	233	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	234
	235
[138]	236	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	237	! Description:
	238	! ------------
[1826]	239	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	240	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	241	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	242
	243	USE control_parameters, &
	244	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	245
	246
	247	IMPLICIT NONE
	248
	249	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	250
	251	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	252	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	253	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	254	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	255
	256	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	257	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	258	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	259
	260	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	261
	262	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	263
	264	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	265	canopy_drag_coeff
	266	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	267	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	268	leaf_surface_conc
	269	ENDIF
	270
	271	!
	272	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	273	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	274
	275	!
	276	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	277	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	278	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	279
	280	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	281	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	282	gradients = '------'
	283	slices = ' 0'
	284	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	285	i = 1
	286	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	287	/= -9999 )
	288
	289	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	290	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	291	TRIM( coor_chr )
	292
	293	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	294	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	295
	296	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	297	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	298
	299	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	300	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	301
	302	i = i + 1
	303	ENDDO
	304
	305	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	306	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	307
	308	ELSE
	309
	310	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	311	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	312
	313	DO k = 1, pch_index
	314
	315	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	316	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	317	TRIM( coor_chr )
	318
	319	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	320	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	321
	322	ENDDO
	323
	324	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	325	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	326
	327	ENDIF
	328
	329	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	330	' ------------------------------'// &
	331	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	332	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	333	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	334	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	335	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	336	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	337	' K m/s')
	338	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	339	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	340	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	341	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	342	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	343	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	344	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	345	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	346	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	347	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	348	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	349
	350	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	351
	352
	353	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	354	! Description:
	355	! ------------
[1682]	356	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	357	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	358	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	359
	360
	361	USE control_parameters, &
	362	ONLY: dz, ocean, passive_scalar
	363
	364
	365	IMPLICIT NONE
	366
[1682]	367	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	368	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	369	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1484]	370
[1682]	371	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	372	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	373	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	374	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[1484]	375
	376	!
	377	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	378	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	379	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	380	lad = 0.0_wp
	381	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	382
	383	!
[1826]	384	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	385	!-- a beta probability density function
	386	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	387	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	388	ENDIF
	389
	390
	391	!
[1484]	392	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	393	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	394	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	395	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	396	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	397	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	398
	399	!
	400	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	401	i = 1
	402	gradient = 0.0_wp
	403
	404	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	405
	406	lad(0) = lad_surface
	407	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	408
	409	DO k = 1, pch_index
	410	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	411	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	412	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	413	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	414	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	415	i = i + 1
	416	ENDIF
	417	ENDIF
	418	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	419	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	420	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	421	ELSE
	422	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	423	ENDIF
	424	ELSE
	425	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	426	ENDIF
	427	ENDDO
	428
	429	ENDIF
	430
	431	!
	432	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	433	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	434	!-- file.
	435	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	436	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	437	ENDIF
	438
	439	ELSE
	440
	441	!
	442	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	443	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	444	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	445
	446	DO k = nzb, pch_index
	447	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	448	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	449	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	450	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	451	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	452	ENDDO
	453
	454	!
	455	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
	456	DO k = nzb, pch_index
[1826]	457	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	458	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	459	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	460	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	461	) / canopy_height
[1484]	462	ENDDO
	463
	464	!
	465	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	466	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	467	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	468	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
	469	DO k = nzb+1, pch_index
	470	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	471	ENDDO
	472
	473	ENDIF
	474
	475	!
	476	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s). In case of a
	477	!-- prescribed canopy-top heat flux (cthf), allocate 3D-arrays for
	478	!-- the cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf) and the canopy heat flux.
	479	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	480
	481	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	482	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	483	canopy_heat_flux(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	484	ENDIF
	485
	486	!
	487	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	488	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	489	!-- with the prescribed values
	490	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	491	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	492	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	493
	494	!
	495	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	496	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	497	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	498	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	499
	500	CASE( 'block' )
	501
	502	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	503	DO j = nysg, nyng
	504	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	505	ENDDO
	506	ENDDO
	507
	508	CASE DEFAULT
	509
	510	!
	511	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	512	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	513	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	514	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	515	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	516	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
	517
	518	END SELECT
	519
	520	!
	521	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution
	522	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	523	!
	524	!-- Piecewise calculation of the leaf area index by vertical
	525	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	526	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	527	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	528	DO j = nysg, nyng
	529	DO k = pch_index-1, 0, -1
	530	IF ( k == pch_index-1 ) THEN
	531	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	532	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	533	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	534	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	535	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	536	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	537	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	538	ELSE
	539	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	540	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	541	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	542	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	543	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	544	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	545	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	546	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	547	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	548	ENDIF
	549	ENDDO
	550	ENDDO
	551	ENDDO
	552
	553	!
	554	!-- Calculation of the upward kinematic vertical heat flux within the
	555	!-- canopy
	556	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	557	DO j = nysg, nyng
	558	DO k = 0, pch_index
	559	canopy_heat_flux(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	560	exp( -0.6_wp * cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) )
	561	ENDDO
	562	ENDDO
	563	ENDDO
	564
	565	!
[1721]	566	!-- In areas covered with canopy, the surface heat flux is set to
	567	!-- the surface value of the above calculated in-canopy heat flux
	568	!-- distribution
	569	DO i = nxlg,nxrg
	570	DO j = nysg, nyng
	571	IF ( canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i) /= cthf ) THEN
	572	shf(j,i) = canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i)
	573	ENDIF
	574	ENDDO
	575	ENDDO
[1484]	576
	577	ENDIF
	578
	579
	580
[1826]	581	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	582
	583
	584
	585	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	586	! Description:
	587	! ------------
[1682]	588	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	589	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	590	!>
	591	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	592	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	593	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	594	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	595	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	596	!>
	597	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	598	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	599	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	600	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	601	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	602	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	603	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	604	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	605	!>
	606	!>
	607	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	608	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	609	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	610
	611
[1320]	612	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	613	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	614
	615	USE kinds
	616
[138]	617	IMPLICIT NONE
	618
[1682]	619	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	620	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	621	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	622	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	623	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	624
[1682]	625	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	626	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	627	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	628	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	629	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	630	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	631
	632
	633	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	634
	635	!
[1484]	636	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	637	SELECT CASE ( component )
	638
	639	!
	640	!-- u-component
	641	CASE ( 1 )
	642	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	643	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	644	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	645
[1721]	646	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	647	!
	648	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	649	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	650	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	651	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	652	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	653	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	654	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	655	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	656	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	657	THEN
	658	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	659	ENDIF
	660
	661	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	662	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	663	!
	664	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	665	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	666	lad_local * &
	667	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	668	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	669	v(k,j,i) + &
	670	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	671	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	672	)**2 + &
	673	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	674	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	675	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	676	w(k,j,i) ) &
	677	)**2 &
	678	) * &
	679	u(k,j,i)
	680
	681	!
	682	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	683	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	684	!
	685	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	686	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	687	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	688	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	689	ELSE
	690	pre_tend = pre_tend
	691	ENDIF
	692	!
	693	!-- Calculate final tendency
	694	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	695
[138]	696	ENDDO
	697	ENDDO
	698	ENDDO
	699
	700	!
	701	!-- v-component
	702	CASE ( 2 )
	703	DO i = nxl, nxr
	704	DO j = nysv, nyn
[1721]	705	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	706
[1721]	707	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	708	!
	709	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	710	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	711	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	712	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	713	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	714	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	715	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	716	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	717	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	718	THEN
	719	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	720	ENDIF
	721
	722	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	723	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	724	!
	725	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	726	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	727	lad_local * &
	728	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	729	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	730	u(k,j,i) + &
	731	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	732	)**2 + &
	733	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	734	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	735	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	736	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	737	w(k,j,i) ) &
	738	)**2 &
	739	) * &
	740	v(k,j,i)
	741
	742	!
	743	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	744	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	745	!
	746	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	747	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	748	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	749	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	750	ELSE
	751	pre_tend = pre_tend
	752	ENDIF
	753	!
	754	!-- Calculate final tendency
	755	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	756
[138]	757	ENDDO
	758	ENDDO
	759	ENDDO
	760
	761	!
	762	!-- w-component
	763	CASE ( 3 )
	764	DO i = nxl, nxr
	765	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	766	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[1484]	767
[1721]	768	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	769
[1484]	770	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	771	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	772	!
	773	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	774	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	775	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	776	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	777	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	778	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	779	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	780	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	781	)**2 + &
	782	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	783	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	784	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	785	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	786	)**2 + &
	787	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	788	) * &
	789	w(k,j,i)
	790	!
	791	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	792	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	793	!
	794	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	795	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	796	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	797	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	798	ELSE
	799	pre_tend = pre_tend
	800	ENDIF
	801	!
	802	!-- Calculate final tendency
	803	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	804
[138]	805	ENDDO
	806	ENDDO
	807	ENDDO
	808
	809	!
[153]	810	!-- potential temperature
[138]	811	CASE ( 4 )
	812	DO i = nxl, nxr
	813	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	814	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	815	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	816	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	817	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	818	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	819	ENDDO
	820	ENDDO
	821	ENDDO
	822
	823	!
[1960]	824	!-- humidity
[153]	825	CASE ( 5 )
	826	DO i = nxl, nxr
	827	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	828	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	829	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	830	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	831	lsec * &
[1721]	832	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	833	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	834	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	835	)**2 + &
	836	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	837	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	838	)**2 + &
	839	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	840	w(k,j,i) ) &
	841	)**2 &
	842	) * &
	843	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	844	ENDDO
	845	ENDDO
	846	ENDDO
	847
	848	!
	849	!-- sgs-tke
	850	CASE ( 6 )
	851	DO i = nxl, nxr
	852	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	853	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	854	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	855	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	856	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	857	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	858	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	859	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	860	)**2 + &
	861	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	862	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	863	)**2 + &
	864	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	865	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	866	)**2 &
	867	) * &
	868	e(k,j,i)
[138]	869	ENDDO
	870	ENDDO
	871	ENDDO
[1960]	872	!
	873	!-- scalar concentration
	874	CASE ( 7 )
	875	DO i = nxl, nxr
	876	DO j = nys, nyn
	877	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	878	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	879	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	880	lsec * &
	881	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	882	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	883	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	884	)**2 + &
	885	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	886	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	887	)**2 + &
	888	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	889	w(k,j,i) ) &
	890	)**2 &
	891	) * &
	892	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	893	ENDDO
	894	ENDDO
	895	ENDDO
[1484]	896
	897
[1960]	898
[138]	899	CASE DEFAULT
	900
[257]	901	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	902	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	903
	904	END SELECT
	905
[1826]	906	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	907
	908
	909	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	910	! Description:
	911	! ------------
[1826]	912	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	913	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	914	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	915
	916
	917	IMPLICIT NONE
	918
	919	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	920
	921	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	922	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	923	lad_surface, &
	924	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	925	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	926	lai_beta, &
	927	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	928	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	929
	930	line = ' '
	931
	932	!
	933	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	934	REWIND ( 11 )
	935	line = ' '
	936	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	937	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	938	ENDDO
	939	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	940
	941	!
	942	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	943	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	944
	945	!
	946	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	947	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	948
	949	10 CONTINUE
	950
	951
	952	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	953
	954
	955
	956	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	957	! Description:
	958	! ------------
[1682]	959	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	960	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	961	!>
	962	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	963	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	964	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	965	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	966	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	967	!>
	968	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	969	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	970	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	971	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	972	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	973	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	974	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	975	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	976	!>
	977	!>
	978	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	979	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	980	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	981
	982
[1320]	983	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	984	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	985
	986	USE kinds
	987
[138]	988	IMPLICIT NONE
	989
[1682]	990	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	991	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	992	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	993	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	994	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	995
[1682]	996	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	997	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	998	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	999	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1000	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1001	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1002
	1003
	1004	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
	1005
[138]	1006	!
[1484]	1007	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1008	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1009
	1010	!
[142]	1011	!-- u-component
[1484]	1012	CASE ( 1 )
[1721]	1013	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1014
[1721]	1015	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1016	!
[1484]	1017	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1018	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1019	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1020	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1021	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1022	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1023	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1024	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1025	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1026	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1027	ENDIF
	1028
	1029	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1030	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1031	!
	1032	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1033	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1034	lad_local * &
	1035	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1036	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1037	v(k,j,i) + &
	1038	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1039	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1040	)**2 + &
	1041	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1042	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1043	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1044	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1045	)**2 &
	1046	) * &
	1047	u(k,j,i)
	1048
	1049	!
	1050	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1051	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1052	!
	1053	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1054	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1055	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1056	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1057	ELSE
	1058	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1059	ENDIF
	1060	!
	1061	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1062	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1063	ENDDO
	1064
	1065
	1066	!
[142]	1067	!-- v-component
[1484]	1068	CASE ( 2 )
[1721]	1069	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1070
[1721]	1071	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1072	!
[1484]	1073	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1074	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1075	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1076	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1077	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1078	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1079	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1080	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1081	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1082	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1083	ENDIF
	1084
	1085	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1086	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1087	!
	1088	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1089	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1090	lad_local * &
	1091	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1092	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1093	u(k,j,i) + &
	1094	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1095	)**2 + &
	1096	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1097	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1098	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1099	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1100	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1101	)**2 &
	1102	) * &
	1103	v(k,j,i)
	1104
	1105	!
	1106	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1107	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1108	!
	1109	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1110	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1111	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1112	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1113	ELSE
	1114	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1115	ENDIF
	1116	!
	1117	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1118	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1119	ENDDO
	1120
	1121
	1122	!
[142]	1123	!-- w-component
[1484]	1124	CASE ( 3 )
[1721]	1125	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[138]	1126
[1721]	1127	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1128
[1484]	1129	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1130	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1131	!
[1484]	1132	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1133	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1134	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1135	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1136	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1137	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1138	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1139	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1140	)**2 + &
	1141	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1142	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1143	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1144	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1145	)**2 + &
	1146	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1147	) * &
	1148	w(k,j,i)
	1149	!
	1150	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1151	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1152	!
	1153	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1154	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1155	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1156	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1157	ELSE
	1158	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1159	ENDIF
	1160	!
	1161	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1162	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1163	ENDDO
	1164
	1165	!
[153]	1166	!-- potential temperature
	1167	CASE ( 4 )
[1721]	1168	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1169	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1170	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	1171	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	1172	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	1173	ENDDO
	1174
	1175
	1176	!
[1960]	1177	!-- humidity
[153]	1178	CASE ( 5 )
[1721]	1179	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1180	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1181	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1182	lsec * &
[1721]	1183	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1184	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1185	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1186	)**2 + &
	1187	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1188	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1189	)**2 + &
	1190	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1191	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1192	)**2 &
	1193	) * &
	1194	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1195	ENDDO
	1196
	1197	!
[142]	1198	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1199	CASE ( 6 )
[1721]	1200	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1201	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1202	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1203	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1204	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1205	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1206	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1207	)**2 + &
	1208	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1209	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1210	)**2 + &
	1211	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1212	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1213	)**2 &
	1214	) * &
	1215	e(k,j,i)
	1216	ENDDO
[1960]	1217
	1218	!
	1219	!-- scalar concentration
	1220	CASE ( 7 )
	1221	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1222	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1223	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1224	lsec * &
	1225	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1226	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1227	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1228	)**2 + &
	1229	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1230	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1231	)**2 + &
	1232	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1233	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1234	)**2 &
	1235	) * &
	1236	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1237	ENDDO
[138]	1238
[142]	1239	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1240
[257]	1241	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1242	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1243
[142]	1244	END SELECT
[138]	1245
[1826]	1246	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1247
	1248	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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