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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 1976

Last change on this file since 1976 was 1961, checked in by suehring, 8 years ago
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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[1036]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1818]	16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1036]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
[257]	19	! Current revisions:
[138]	20	! -----------------
[1827]	21	!
[1961]	22	!
[1485]	23	! Former revisions:
	24	! -----------------
	25	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 1961 2016-07-12 16:37:58Z maronga $
	26	!
[1961]	27	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	28	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	29	!
[1954]	30	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	31	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	32	!
[1827]	33	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	34	! Further modularization
	35	!
[1722]	36	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	37	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	38	! canopy is set on top of topography
	39	!
[1683]	40	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	41	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	42	!
[1485]	43	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	44	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	45	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	46	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	47	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	48	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	49	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	50	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	51	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	52	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	53	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	54	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	55	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	56	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	57	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	58	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	59	! respectively,
	60	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	61	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	62	!
	63	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	64	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	65	!
[1321]	66	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	67	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	68	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	69	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	70	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	71	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	72	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	73	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	74	!
[1037]	75	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	76	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	77	!
[139]	78	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	79	! Initial revision
	80	!
[138]	81	! Description:
	82	! ------------
[1682]	83	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	84	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	85	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	86	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	87	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	88	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	89
[1484]	90	USE arrays_3d, &
[1960]	91	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, shf, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	92
[1484]	93	USE indices, &
	94	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
	95	nz, nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_w_inner, nzt
	96
	97	USE kinds
	98
	99
	100	IMPLICIT NONE
	101
	102
[1682]	103	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	104
[1682]	105	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
[1484]	106	INTEGER(iwp) :: &
[1682]	107	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	108
[1682]	109	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
	110	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy = .FALSE. !< switch for use of canopy model
[1484]	111
[1682]	112	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	113	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	114	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	115	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	116	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	117	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	118	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	119	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
[1484]	120	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	121	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	122	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	123	leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	124	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	125	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	126
	127	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	128	lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
[1484]	129	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	130	lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	131
[1682]	132	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	133	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	134
	135	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	136	canopy_heat_flux !< canopy heat flux
	137	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[1484]	139
	140
	141	SAVE
	142
	143
[138]	144	PRIVATE
[1826]	145
	146	!
	147	!-- Public functions
	148	PUBLIC pcm_check_parameters, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	149
[1826]	150	!
	151	!-- Public variables and constants
[1953]	152	PUBLIC canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, plant_canopy
[1484]	153
	154
[1826]	155	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	156	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
	157	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	158
	159	INTERFACE pcm_header
	160	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	161	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	162
	163	INTERFACE pcm_init
	164	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	165	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	166
[1826]	167	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	168	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
	169	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	170
	171	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	172	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	173	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	174	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	175
	176
[138]	177	CONTAINS
	178
[1826]	179
	180	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	181	! Description:
	182	! ------------
	183	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	184	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	185	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	186
[1826]	187	USE control_parameters, &
	188	ONLY: cloud_physics, message_string, microphysics_seifert
	189
	190
	191	IMPLICIT NONE
	192
	193
	194	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	195	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	196	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
	197	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	198	ENDIF
	199
	200	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	201	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	202	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	203	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	204	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
	205	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	206	ENDIF
	207
	208	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	209	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	210	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	211	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	212	'lai_beta = 0.0'
	213	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	214	ENDIF
	215
	216	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	217	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9' // &
	218	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	219	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	220	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	221	'density profile'
	222	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	223	ENDIF
	224
	225	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	226	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	227	' seifert_beheng'
	228	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	229	ENDIF
	230
	231
	232	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	233
	234
[138]	235	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	236	! Description:
	237	! ------------
[1826]	238	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	239	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	240	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	241
	242	USE control_parameters, &
	243	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	244
	245
	246	IMPLICIT NONE
	247
	248	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	249
	250	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	251	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	252	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	253	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	254
	255	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	256	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	257	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	258
	259	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	260
	261	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	262
	263	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	264	canopy_drag_coeff
	265	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	266	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	267	leaf_surface_conc
	268	ENDIF
	269
	270	!
	271	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	272	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	273
	274	!
	275	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	276	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	277	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	278
	279	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	280	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	281	gradients = '------'
	282	slices = ' 0'
	283	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	284	i = 1
	285	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	286	/= -9999 )
	287
	288	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	289	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	290	TRIM( coor_chr )
	291
	292	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	293	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	294
	295	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	296	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	297
	298	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	299	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	300
	301	i = i + 1
	302	ENDDO
	303
	304	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	305	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	306
	307	ELSE
	308
	309	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	310	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	311
	312	DO k = 1, pch_index
	313
	314	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	315	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	316	TRIM( coor_chr )
	317
	318	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	319	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	320
	321	ENDDO
	322
	323	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	324	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	325
	326	ENDIF
	327
	328	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	329	' ------------------------------'// &
	330	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	331	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	332	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	333	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	334	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	335	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	336	' K m/s')
	337	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	338	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	339	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	340	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	341	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	342	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	343	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	344	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	345	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	346	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	347	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	348
	349	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	350
	351
	352	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	353	! Description:
	354	! ------------
[1682]	355	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	356	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	357	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	358
	359
	360	USE control_parameters, &
	361	ONLY: dz, ocean, passive_scalar
	362
	363
	364	IMPLICIT NONE
	365
[1682]	366	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	367	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	368	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1484]	369
[1682]	370	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	371	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	372	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	373	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[1484]	374
	375	!
	376	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	377	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	378	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	379	lad = 0.0_wp
	380	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	381
	382	!
[1826]	383	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	384	!-- a beta probability density function
	385	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	386	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	387	ENDIF
	388
	389
	390	!
[1484]	391	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	392	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	393	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	394	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	395	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	396	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	397
	398	!
	399	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	400	i = 1
	401	gradient = 0.0_wp
	402
	403	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	404
	405	lad(0) = lad_surface
	406	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	407
	408	DO k = 1, pch_index
	409	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	410	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	411	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	412	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	413	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	414	i = i + 1
	415	ENDIF
	416	ENDIF
	417	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	418	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	419	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	420	ELSE
	421	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	422	ENDIF
	423	ELSE
	424	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	425	ENDIF
	426	ENDDO
	427
	428	ENDIF
	429
	430	!
	431	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	432	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	433	!-- file.
	434	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	435	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	436	ENDIF
	437
	438	ELSE
	439
	440	!
	441	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	442	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	443	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	444
	445	DO k = nzb, pch_index
	446	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	447	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	448	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	449	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	450	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	451	ENDDO
	452
	453	!
	454	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
	455	DO k = nzb, pch_index
[1826]	456	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	457	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	458	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	459	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	460	) / canopy_height
[1484]	461	ENDDO
	462
	463	!
	464	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	465	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	466	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	467	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
	468	DO k = nzb+1, pch_index
	469	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	470	ENDDO
	471
	472	ENDIF
	473
	474	!
	475	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s). In case of a
	476	!-- prescribed canopy-top heat flux (cthf), allocate 3D-arrays for
	477	!-- the cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf) and the canopy heat flux.
	478	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	479
	480	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	481	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	482	canopy_heat_flux(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	483	ENDIF
	484
	485	!
	486	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	487	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	488	!-- with the prescribed values
	489	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	490	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	491	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	492
	493	!
	494	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	495	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	496	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	497	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	498
	499	CASE( 'block' )
	500
	501	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	502	DO j = nysg, nyng
	503	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	504	ENDDO
	505	ENDDO
	506
	507	CASE DEFAULT
	508
	509	!
	510	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	511	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	512	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	513	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	514	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	515	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
	516
	517	END SELECT
	518
	519	!
	520	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution
	521	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	522	!
	523	!-- Piecewise calculation of the leaf area index by vertical
	524	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	525	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	526	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	527	DO j = nysg, nyng
	528	DO k = pch_index-1, 0, -1
	529	IF ( k == pch_index-1 ) THEN
	530	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	531	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	532	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	533	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	534	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	535	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	536	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	537	ELSE
	538	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	539	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	540	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	541	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	542	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	543	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	544	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	545	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	546	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	547	ENDIF
	548	ENDDO
	549	ENDDO
	550	ENDDO
	551
	552	!
	553	!-- Calculation of the upward kinematic vertical heat flux within the
	554	!-- canopy
	555	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	556	DO j = nysg, nyng
	557	DO k = 0, pch_index
	558	canopy_heat_flux(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	559	exp( -0.6_wp * cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) )
	560	ENDDO
	561	ENDDO
	562	ENDDO
	563
	564	!
[1721]	565	!-- In areas covered with canopy, the surface heat flux is set to
	566	!-- the surface value of the above calculated in-canopy heat flux
	567	!-- distribution
	568	DO i = nxlg,nxrg
	569	DO j = nysg, nyng
	570	IF ( canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i) /= cthf ) THEN
	571	shf(j,i) = canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i)
	572	ENDIF
	573	ENDDO
	574	ENDDO
[1484]	575
	576	ENDIF
	577
	578
	579
[1826]	580	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	581
	582
	583
	584	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	585	! Description:
	586	! ------------
[1682]	587	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	588	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	589	!>
	590	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	591	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	592	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	593	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	594	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	595	!>
	596	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	597	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	598	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	599	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	600	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	601	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	602	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	603	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	604	!>
	605	!>
	606	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	607	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	608	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	609
	610
[1320]	611	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	612	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	613
	614	USE kinds
	615
[138]	616	IMPLICIT NONE
	617
[1682]	618	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	619	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	620	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	621	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	622	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	623
[1682]	624	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	625	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	626	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	627	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	628	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	629	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	630
	631
	632	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	633
	634	!
[1484]	635	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	636	SELECT CASE ( component )
	637
	638	!
	639	!-- u-component
	640	CASE ( 1 )
	641	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	642	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	643	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	644
[1721]	645	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	646	!
	647	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	648	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	649	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	650	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	651	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	652	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	653	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	654	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	655	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	656	THEN
	657	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	658	ENDIF
	659
	660	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	661	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	662	!
	663	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	664	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	665	lad_local * &
	666	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	667	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	668	v(k,j,i) + &
	669	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	670	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	671	)**2 + &
	672	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	673	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	674	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	675	w(k,j,i) ) &
	676	)**2 &
	677	) * &
	678	u(k,j,i)
	679
	680	!
	681	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	682	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	683	!
	684	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	685	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	686	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	687	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	688	ELSE
	689	pre_tend = pre_tend
	690	ENDIF
	691	!
	692	!-- Calculate final tendency
	693	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	694
[138]	695	ENDDO
	696	ENDDO
	697	ENDDO
	698
	699	!
	700	!-- v-component
	701	CASE ( 2 )
	702	DO i = nxl, nxr
	703	DO j = nysv, nyn
[1721]	704	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	705
[1721]	706	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	707	!
	708	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	709	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	710	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	711	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	712	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	713	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	714	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	715	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	716	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	717	THEN
	718	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	719	ENDIF
	720
	721	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	722	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	723	!
	724	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	725	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	726	lad_local * &
	727	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	728	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	729	u(k,j,i) + &
	730	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	731	)**2 + &
	732	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	733	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	734	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	735	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	736	w(k,j,i) ) &
	737	)**2 &
	738	) * &
	739	v(k,j,i)
	740
	741	!
	742	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	743	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	744	!
	745	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	746	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	747	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	748	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	749	ELSE
	750	pre_tend = pre_tend
	751	ENDIF
	752	!
	753	!-- Calculate final tendency
	754	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	755
[138]	756	ENDDO
	757	ENDDO
	758	ENDDO
	759
	760	!
	761	!-- w-component
	762	CASE ( 3 )
	763	DO i = nxl, nxr
	764	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	765	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[1484]	766
[1721]	767	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	768
[1484]	769	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	770	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	771	!
	772	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	773	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	774	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	775	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	776	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	777	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	778	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	779	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	780	)**2 + &
	781	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	782	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	783	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	784	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	785	)**2 + &
	786	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	787	) * &
	788	w(k,j,i)
	789	!
	790	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	791	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	792	!
	793	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	794	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	795	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	796	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	797	ELSE
	798	pre_tend = pre_tend
	799	ENDIF
	800	!
	801	!-- Calculate final tendency
	802	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	803
[138]	804	ENDDO
	805	ENDDO
	806	ENDDO
	807
	808	!
[153]	809	!-- potential temperature
[138]	810	CASE ( 4 )
	811	DO i = nxl, nxr
	812	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	813	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	814	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	815	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	816	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	817	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	818	ENDDO
	819	ENDDO
	820	ENDDO
	821
	822	!
[1960]	823	!-- humidity
[153]	824	CASE ( 5 )
	825	DO i = nxl, nxr
	826	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	827	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	828	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	829	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	830	lsec * &
[1721]	831	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	832	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	833	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	834	)**2 + &
	835	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	836	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	837	)**2 + &
	838	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	839	w(k,j,i) ) &
	840	)**2 &
	841	) * &
	842	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	843	ENDDO
	844	ENDDO
	845	ENDDO
	846
	847	!
	848	!-- sgs-tke
	849	CASE ( 6 )
	850	DO i = nxl, nxr
	851	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	852	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	853	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	854	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	855	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	856	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	857	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	858	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	859	)**2 + &
	860	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	861	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	862	)**2 + &
	863	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	864	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	865	)**2 &
	866	) * &
	867	e(k,j,i)
[138]	868	ENDDO
	869	ENDDO
	870	ENDDO
[1960]	871	!
	872	!-- scalar concentration
	873	CASE ( 7 )
	874	DO i = nxl, nxr
	875	DO j = nys, nyn
	876	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	877	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	878	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	879	lsec * &
	880	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	881	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	882	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	883	)**2 + &
	884	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	885	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	886	)**2 + &
	887	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	888	w(k,j,i) ) &
	889	)**2 &
	890	) * &
	891	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	892	ENDDO
	893	ENDDO
	894	ENDDO
[1484]	895
	896
[1960]	897
[138]	898	CASE DEFAULT
	899
[257]	900	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	901	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	902
	903	END SELECT
	904
[1826]	905	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	906
	907
	908	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	909	! Description:
	910	! ------------
[1826]	911	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	912	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	913	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	914
	915
	916	IMPLICIT NONE
	917
	918	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	919
	920	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	921	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	922	lad_surface, &
	923	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	924	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	925	lai_beta, &
	926	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	927	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	928
	929	line = ' '
	930
	931	!
	932	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	933	REWIND ( 11 )
	934	line = ' '
	935	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	936	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	937	ENDDO
	938	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	939
	940	!
	941	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	942	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	943
	944	!
	945	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	946	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	947
	948	10 CONTINUE
	949
	950
	951	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	952
	953
	954
	955	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	956	! Description:
	957	! ------------
[1682]	958	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	959	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	960	!>
	961	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	962	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	963	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	964	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	965	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	966	!>
	967	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	968	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	969	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	970	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	971	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	972	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	973	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	974	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	975	!>
	976	!>
	977	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	978	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	979	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	980
	981
[1320]	982	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	983	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	984
	985	USE kinds
	986
[138]	987	IMPLICIT NONE
	988
[1682]	989	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	990	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	991	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	992	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	993	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	994
[1682]	995	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	996	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	997	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	998	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	999	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1000	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1001
	1002
	1003	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
	1004
[138]	1005	!
[1484]	1006	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1007	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1008
	1009	!
[142]	1010	!-- u-component
[1484]	1011	CASE ( 1 )
[1721]	1012	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1013
[1721]	1014	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1015	!
[1484]	1016	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1017	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1018	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1019	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1020	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1021	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1022	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1023	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1024	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1025	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1026	ENDIF
	1027
	1028	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1029	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1030	!
	1031	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1032	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1033	lad_local * &
	1034	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1035	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1036	v(k,j,i) + &
	1037	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1038	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1039	)**2 + &
	1040	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1041	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1042	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1043	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1044	)**2 &
	1045	) * &
	1046	u(k,j,i)
	1047
	1048	!
	1049	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1050	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1051	!
	1052	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1053	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1054	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1055	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1056	ELSE
	1057	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1058	ENDIF
	1059	!
	1060	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1061	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1062	ENDDO
	1063
	1064
	1065	!
[142]	1066	!-- v-component
[1484]	1067	CASE ( 2 )
[1721]	1068	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1069
[1721]	1070	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1071	!
[1484]	1072	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1073	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1074	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1075	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1076	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1077	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1078	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1079	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1080	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1081	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1082	ENDIF
	1083
	1084	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1085	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1086	!
	1087	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1088	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1089	lad_local * &
	1090	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1091	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1092	u(k,j,i) + &
	1093	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1094	)**2 + &
	1095	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1096	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1097	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1098	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1099	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1100	)**2 &
	1101	) * &
	1102	v(k,j,i)
	1103
	1104	!
	1105	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1106	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1107	!
	1108	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1109	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1110	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1111	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1112	ELSE
	1113	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1114	ENDIF
	1115	!
	1116	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1117	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1118	ENDDO
	1119
	1120
	1121	!
[142]	1122	!-- w-component
[1484]	1123	CASE ( 3 )
[1721]	1124	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[138]	1125
[1721]	1126	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1127
[1484]	1128	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1129	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1130	!
[1484]	1131	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1132	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1133	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1134	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1135	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1136	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1137	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1138	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1139	)**2 + &
	1140	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1141	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1142	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1143	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1144	)**2 + &
	1145	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1146	) * &
	1147	w(k,j,i)
	1148	!
	1149	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1150	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1151	!
	1152	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1153	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1154	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1155	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1156	ELSE
	1157	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1158	ENDIF
	1159	!
	1160	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1161	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1162	ENDDO
	1163
	1164	!
[153]	1165	!-- potential temperature
	1166	CASE ( 4 )
[1721]	1167	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1168	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1169	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	1170	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	1171	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	1172	ENDDO
	1173
	1174
	1175	!
[1960]	1176	!-- humidity
[153]	1177	CASE ( 5 )
[1721]	1178	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1179	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1180	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1181	lsec * &
[1721]	1182	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1183	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1184	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1185	)**2 + &
	1186	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1187	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1188	)**2 + &
	1189	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1190	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1191	)**2 &
	1192	) * &
	1193	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1194	ENDDO
	1195
	1196	!
[142]	1197	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1198	CASE ( 6 )
[1721]	1199	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1200	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1201	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1202	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1203	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1204	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1205	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1206	)**2 + &
	1207	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1208	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1209	)**2 + &
	1210	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1211	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1212	)**2 &
	1213	) * &
	1214	e(k,j,i)
	1215	ENDDO
[1960]	1216
	1217	!
	1218	!-- scalar concentration
	1219	CASE ( 7 )
	1220	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1221	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1222	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1223	lsec * &
	1224	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1225	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1226	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1227	)**2 + &
	1228	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1229	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1230	)**2 + &
	1231	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1232	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1233	)**2 &
	1234	) * &
	1235	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1236	ENDDO
[138]	1237
[142]	1238	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1239
[257]	1240	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1241	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1242
[142]	1243	END SELECT
[138]	1244
[1826]	1245	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1246
	1247	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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