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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 1928

Last change on this file since 1928 was 1827, checked in by maronga, 9 years ago
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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[1036]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1818]	16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1036]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
[257]	19	! Current revisions:
[138]	20	! -----------------
[1827]	21	!
	22	!
[1485]	23	! Former revisions:
	24	! -----------------
	25	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 1827 2016-04-07 12:12:23Z hellstea $
	26	!
[1827]	27	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	28	! Further modularization
	29	!
[1722]	30	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	31	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	32	! canopy is set on top of topography
	33	!
[1683]	34	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	35	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	36	!
[1485]	37	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	38	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	39	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	40	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	41	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	42	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	43	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	44	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	45	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	46	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	47	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	48	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	49	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	50	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	51	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	52	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	53	! respectively,
	54	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	55	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	56	!
	57	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	58	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	59	!
[1321]	60	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	61	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	62	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	63	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	64	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	65	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	66	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	67	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	68	!
[1037]	69	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	70	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	71	!
[139]	72	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	73	! Initial revision
	74	!
[138]	75	! Description:
	76	! ------------
[1682]	77	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	78	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	79	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	80	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	81	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	82	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	83
[1484]	84	USE arrays_3d, &
	85	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, shf, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	86
[1484]	87	USE indices, &
	88	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
	89	nz, nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_w_inner, nzt
	90
	91	USE kinds
	92
	93
	94	IMPLICIT NONE
	95
	96
[1682]	97	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	98
[1682]	99	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
[1484]	100	INTEGER(iwp) :: &
[1682]	101	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	102
[1682]	103	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
	104	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy = .FALSE. !< switch for use of canopy model
[1484]	105
[1682]	106	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	107	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	108	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	109	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	110	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	111	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	112	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	113	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
[1484]	114	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	115	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	116	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	117	leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	118	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	119	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	120
	121	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	122	lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
[1484]	123	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	124	lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	125
[1682]	126	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	127	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	128
	129	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	130	canopy_heat_flux !< canopy heat flux
	131	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	132	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[1484]	133
	134
	135	SAVE
	136
	137
[138]	138	PRIVATE
[1826]	139
	140	!
	141	!-- Public functions
	142	PUBLIC pcm_check_parameters, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	143
[1826]	144	!
	145	!-- Public variables and constants
	146	PUBLIC canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, plant_canopy
[1484]	147
	148
[1826]	149	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	150	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
	151	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	152
	153	INTERFACE pcm_header
	154	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	155	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	156
	157	INTERFACE pcm_init
	158	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	159	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	160
[1826]	161	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	162	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
	163	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	164
	165	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	166	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	167	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	168	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	169
	170
[138]	171	CONTAINS
	172
[1826]	173
	174	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	175	! Description:
	176	! ------------
	177	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	178	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	179	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	180
[1826]	181	USE control_parameters, &
	182	ONLY: cloud_physics, message_string, microphysics_seifert
	183
	184
	185	IMPLICIT NONE
	186
	187
	188	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	189	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	190	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
	191	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	192	ENDIF
	193
	194	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	195	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	196	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	197	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	198	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
	199	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	200	ENDIF
	201
	202	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	203	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	204	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	205	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	206	'lai_beta = 0.0'
	207	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	208	ENDIF
	209
	210	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	211	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9' // &
	212	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	213	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	214	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	215	'density profile'
	216	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	217	ENDIF
	218
	219	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	220	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	221	' seifert_beheng'
	222	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	223	ENDIF
	224
	225
	226	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	227
	228
[138]	229	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	230	! Description:
	231	! ------------
[1826]	232	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	233	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	234	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	235
	236	USE control_parameters, &
	237	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	238
	239
	240	IMPLICIT NONE
	241
	242	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	243
	244	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	245	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	246	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	247	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	248
	249	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	250	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	251	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	252
	253	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	254
	255	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	256
	257	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	258	canopy_drag_coeff
	259	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	260	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	261	leaf_surface_conc
	262	ENDIF
	263
	264	!
	265	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	266	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	267
	268	!
	269	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	270	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	271	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	272
	273	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	274	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	275	gradients = '------'
	276	slices = ' 0'
	277	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	278	i = 1
	279	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	280	/= -9999 )
	281
	282	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	283	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	284	TRIM( coor_chr )
	285
	286	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	287	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	288
	289	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	290	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	291
	292	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	293	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	294
	295	i = i + 1
	296	ENDDO
	297
	298	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	299	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	300
	301	ELSE
	302
	303	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	304	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	305
	306	DO k = 1, pch_index
	307
	308	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	309	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	310	TRIM( coor_chr )
	311
	312	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	313	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	314
	315	ENDDO
	316
	317	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	318	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	319
	320	ENDIF
	321
	322	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	323	' ------------------------------'// &
	324	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	325	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	326	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	327	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	328	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	329	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	330	' K m/s')
	331	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	332	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	333	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	334	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	335	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	336	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	337	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	338	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	339	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	340	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	341	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	342
	343	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	344
	345
	346	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	347	! Description:
	348	! ------------
[1682]	349	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	350	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	351	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	352
	353
	354	USE control_parameters, &
	355	ONLY: dz, ocean, passive_scalar
	356
	357
	358	IMPLICIT NONE
	359
[1682]	360	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	361	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	362	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1484]	363
[1682]	364	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	365	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	366	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	367	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[1484]	368
	369	!
	370	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	371	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	372	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	373	lad = 0.0_wp
	374	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	375
	376	!
[1826]	377	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	378	!-- a beta probability density function
	379	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	380	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	381	ENDIF
	382
	383
	384	!
[1484]	385	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	386	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	387	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	388	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	389	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	390	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	391
	392	!
	393	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	394	i = 1
	395	gradient = 0.0_wp
	396
	397	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	398
	399	lad(0) = lad_surface
	400	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	401
	402	DO k = 1, pch_index
	403	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	404	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	405	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	406	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	407	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	408	i = i + 1
	409	ENDIF
	410	ENDIF
	411	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	412	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	413	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	414	ELSE
	415	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	416	ENDIF
	417	ELSE
	418	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	419	ENDIF
	420	ENDDO
	421
	422	ENDIF
	423
	424	!
	425	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	426	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	427	!-- file.
	428	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	429	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	430	ENDIF
	431
	432	ELSE
	433
	434	!
	435	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	436	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	437	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	438
	439	DO k = nzb, pch_index
	440	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	441	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	442	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	443	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	444	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	445	ENDDO
	446
	447	!
	448	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
	449	DO k = nzb, pch_index
[1826]	450	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	451	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	452	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	453	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	454	) / canopy_height
[1484]	455	ENDDO
	456
	457	!
	458	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	459	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	460	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	461	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
	462	DO k = nzb+1, pch_index
	463	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	464	ENDDO
	465
	466	ENDIF
	467
	468	!
	469	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s). In case of a
	470	!-- prescribed canopy-top heat flux (cthf), allocate 3D-arrays for
	471	!-- the cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf) and the canopy heat flux.
	472	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	473
	474	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	475	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	476	canopy_heat_flux(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	477	ENDIF
	478
	479	!
	480	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	481	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	482	!-- with the prescribed values
	483	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	484	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	485	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	486
	487	!
	488	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	489	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	490	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	491	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	492
	493	CASE( 'block' )
	494
	495	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	496	DO j = nysg, nyng
	497	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	498	ENDDO
	499	ENDDO
	500
	501	CASE DEFAULT
	502
	503	!
	504	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	505	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	506	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	507	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	508	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	509	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
	510
	511	END SELECT
	512
	513	!
	514	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution
	515	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	516	!
	517	!-- Piecewise calculation of the leaf area index by vertical
	518	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	519	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	520	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	521	DO j = nysg, nyng
	522	DO k = pch_index-1, 0, -1
	523	IF ( k == pch_index-1 ) THEN
	524	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	525	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	526	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	527	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	528	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	529	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	530	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	531	ELSE
	532	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	533	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	534	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	535	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	536	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	537	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	538	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	539	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	540	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	541	ENDIF
	542	ENDDO
	543	ENDDO
	544	ENDDO
	545
	546	!
	547	!-- Calculation of the upward kinematic vertical heat flux within the
	548	!-- canopy
	549	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	550	DO j = nysg, nyng
	551	DO k = 0, pch_index
	552	canopy_heat_flux(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	553	exp( -0.6_wp * cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) )
	554	ENDDO
	555	ENDDO
	556	ENDDO
	557
	558	!
[1721]	559	!-- In areas covered with canopy, the surface heat flux is set to
	560	!-- the surface value of the above calculated in-canopy heat flux
	561	!-- distribution
	562	DO i = nxlg,nxrg
	563	DO j = nysg, nyng
	564	IF ( canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i) /= cthf ) THEN
	565	shf(j,i) = canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i)
	566	ENDIF
	567	ENDDO
	568	ENDDO
[1484]	569
	570	ENDIF
	571
	572
	573
[1826]	574	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	575
	576
	577
	578	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	579	! Description:
	580	! ------------
[1682]	581	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	582	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	583	!>
	584	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	585	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	586	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	587	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	588	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	589	!>
	590	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	591	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	592	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	593	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	594	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	595	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	596	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	597	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	598	!>
	599	!>
	600	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	601	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	602	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	603
	604
[1320]	605	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	606	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	607
	608	USE kinds
	609
[138]	610	IMPLICIT NONE
	611
[1682]	612	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	613	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	614	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	615	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	616	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	617
[1682]	618	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	619	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	620	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	621	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	622	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	623	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	624
	625
	626	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	627
	628	!
[1484]	629	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	630	SELECT CASE ( component )
	631
	632	!
	633	!-- u-component
	634	CASE ( 1 )
	635	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	636	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	637	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	638
[1721]	639	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	640	!
	641	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	642	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	643	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	644	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	645	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	646	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	647	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	648	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	649	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	650	THEN
	651	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	652	ENDIF
	653
	654	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	655	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	656	!
	657	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	658	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	659	lad_local * &
	660	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	661	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	662	v(k,j,i) + &
	663	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	664	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	665	)**2 + &
	666	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	667	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	668	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	669	w(k,j,i) ) &
	670	)**2 &
	671	) * &
	672	u(k,j,i)
	673
	674	!
	675	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	676	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	677	!
	678	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	679	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	680	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	681	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	682	ELSE
	683	pre_tend = pre_tend
	684	ENDIF
	685	!
	686	!-- Calculate final tendency
	687	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	688
[138]	689	ENDDO
	690	ENDDO
	691	ENDDO
	692
	693	!
	694	!-- v-component
	695	CASE ( 2 )
	696	DO i = nxl, nxr
	697	DO j = nysv, nyn
[1721]	698	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	699
[1721]	700	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	701	!
	702	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	703	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	704	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	705	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	706	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	707	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	708	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	709	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	710	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	711	THEN
	712	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	713	ENDIF
	714
	715	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	716	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	717	!
	718	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	719	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	720	lad_local * &
	721	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	722	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	723	u(k,j,i) + &
	724	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	725	)**2 + &
	726	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	727	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	728	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	729	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	730	w(k,j,i) ) &
	731	)**2 &
	732	) * &
	733	v(k,j,i)
	734
	735	!
	736	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	737	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	738	!
	739	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	740	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	741	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	742	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	743	ELSE
	744	pre_tend = pre_tend
	745	ENDIF
	746	!
	747	!-- Calculate final tendency
	748	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	749
[138]	750	ENDDO
	751	ENDDO
	752	ENDDO
	753
	754	!
	755	!-- w-component
	756	CASE ( 3 )
	757	DO i = nxl, nxr
	758	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	759	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[1484]	760
[1721]	761	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	762
[1484]	763	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	764	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	765	!
	766	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	767	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	768	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	769	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	770	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	771	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	772	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	773	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	774	)**2 + &
	775	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	776	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	777	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	778	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	779	)**2 + &
	780	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	781	) * &
	782	w(k,j,i)
	783	!
	784	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	785	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	786	!
	787	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	788	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	789	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	790	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	791	ELSE
	792	pre_tend = pre_tend
	793	ENDIF
	794	!
	795	!-- Calculate final tendency
	796	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	797
[138]	798	ENDDO
	799	ENDDO
	800	ENDDO
	801
	802	!
[153]	803	!-- potential temperature
[138]	804	CASE ( 4 )
	805	DO i = nxl, nxr
	806	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	807	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	808	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	809	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	810	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	811	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	812	ENDDO
	813	ENDDO
	814	ENDDO
	815
	816	!
	817	!-- scalar concentration
	818	CASE ( 5 )
	819	DO i = nxl, nxr
	820	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	821	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	822	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	823	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	824	lsec * &
[1721]	825	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	826	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	827	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	828	)**2 + &
	829	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	830	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	831	)**2 + &
	832	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	833	w(k,j,i) ) &
	834	)**2 &
	835	) * &
	836	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	837	ENDDO
	838	ENDDO
	839	ENDDO
	840
	841	!
	842	!-- sgs-tke
	843	CASE ( 6 )
	844	DO i = nxl, nxr
	845	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	846	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	847	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	848	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	849	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	850	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	851	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	852	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	853	)**2 + &
	854	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	855	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	856	)**2 + &
	857	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	858	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	859	)**2 &
	860	) * &
	861	e(k,j,i)
[138]	862	ENDDO
	863	ENDDO
	864	ENDDO
[1484]	865
	866
[138]	867	CASE DEFAULT
	868
[257]	869	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	870	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	871
	872	END SELECT
	873
[1826]	874	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	875
	876
	877	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	878	! Description:
	879	! ------------
[1826]	880	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	881	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	882	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	883
	884
	885	IMPLICIT NONE
	886
	887	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	888
	889	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	890	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	891	lad_surface, &
	892	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	893	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	894	lai_beta, &
	895	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	896	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	897
	898	line = ' '
	899
	900	!
	901	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	902	REWIND ( 11 )
	903	line = ' '
	904	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	905	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	906	ENDDO
	907	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	908
	909	!
	910	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	911	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	912
	913	!
	914	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	915	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	916
	917	10 CONTINUE
	918
	919
	920	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	921
	922
	923
	924	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	925	! Description:
	926	! ------------
[1682]	927	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	928	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	929	!>
	930	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	931	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	932	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	933	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	934	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	935	!>
	936	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	937	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	938	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	939	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	940	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	941	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	942	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	943	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	944	!>
	945	!>
	946	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	947	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	948	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	949
	950
[1320]	951	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	952	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	953
	954	USE kinds
	955
[138]	956	IMPLICIT NONE
	957
[1682]	958	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	959	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	960	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	961	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	962	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	963
[1682]	964	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	965	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	966	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	967	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	968	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	969	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	970
	971
	972	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
	973
[138]	974	!
[1484]	975	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	976	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	977
	978	!
[142]	979	!-- u-component
[1484]	980	CASE ( 1 )
[1721]	981	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	982
[1721]	983	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	984	!
[1484]	985	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	986	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	987	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	988	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	989	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	990	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	991	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	992	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	993	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	994	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	995	ENDIF
	996
	997	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	998	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	999	!
	1000	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1001	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1002	lad_local * &
	1003	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1004	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1005	v(k,j,i) + &
	1006	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1007	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1008	)**2 + &
	1009	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1010	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1011	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1012	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1013	)**2 &
	1014	) * &
	1015	u(k,j,i)
	1016
	1017	!
	1018	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1019	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1020	!
	1021	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1022	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1023	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1024	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1025	ELSE
	1026	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1027	ENDIF
	1028	!
	1029	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1030	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1031	ENDDO
	1032
	1033
	1034	!
[142]	1035	!-- v-component
[1484]	1036	CASE ( 2 )
[1721]	1037	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1038
[1721]	1039	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1040	!
[1484]	1041	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1042	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1043	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1044	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1045	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1046	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1047	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1048	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1049	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1050	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1051	ENDIF
	1052
	1053	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1054	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1055	!
	1056	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1057	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1058	lad_local * &
	1059	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1060	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1061	u(k,j,i) + &
	1062	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1063	)**2 + &
	1064	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1065	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1066	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1067	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1068	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1069	)**2 &
	1070	) * &
	1071	v(k,j,i)
	1072
	1073	!
	1074	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1075	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1076	!
	1077	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1078	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1079	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1080	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1081	ELSE
	1082	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1083	ENDIF
	1084	!
	1085	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1086	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1087	ENDDO
	1088
	1089
	1090	!
[142]	1091	!-- w-component
[1484]	1092	CASE ( 3 )
[1721]	1093	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[138]	1094
[1721]	1095	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1096
[1484]	1097	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1098	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1099	!
[1484]	1100	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1101	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1102	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1103	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1104	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1105	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1106	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1107	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1108	)**2 + &
	1109	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1110	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1111	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1112	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1113	)**2 + &
	1114	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1115	) * &
	1116	w(k,j,i)
	1117	!
	1118	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1119	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1120	!
	1121	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1122	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1123	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1124	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1125	ELSE
	1126	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1127	ENDIF
	1128	!
	1129	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1130	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1131	ENDDO
	1132
	1133	!
[153]	1134	!-- potential temperature
	1135	CASE ( 4 )
[1721]	1136	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1137	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1138	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	1139	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	1140	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	1141	ENDDO
	1142
	1143
	1144	!
	1145	!-- scalar concentration
	1146	CASE ( 5 )
[1721]	1147	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1148	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1149	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1150	lsec * &
[1721]	1151	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1152	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1153	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1154	)**2 + &
	1155	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1156	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1157	)**2 + &
	1158	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1159	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1160	)**2 &
	1161	) * &
	1162	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1163	ENDDO
	1164
	1165	!
[142]	1166	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1167	CASE ( 6 )
[1721]	1168	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1169	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1170	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1171	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1172	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1173	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1174	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1175	)**2 + &
	1176	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1177	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1178	)**2 + &
	1179	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1180	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1181	)**2 &
	1182	) * &
	1183	e(k,j,i)
	1184	ENDDO
[138]	1185
[142]	1186	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1187
[257]	1188	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1189	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1190
[142]	1191	END SELECT
[138]	1192
[1826]	1193	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1194
	1195	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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