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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2319

Last change on this file since 2319 was 2318, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
get topograpyhy top index via function call
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring $
27	! Get topography top index via Function call
28	!
29	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
30	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
31	!
32	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
33	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
34	!
35	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
36	! Changed error messages
37	!
38	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
39	! Unused variables removed.
40	!
41	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
42	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
43	!
44	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
45	!
46	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
47	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
48	!
49	!
50	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
51	! Add check for particle release at model top
52	!
53	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
54	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
55	!
56	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
57	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
58	! Calculation of particle ID
59	!
60	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
61	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
62	!
63	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
64	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
65	! seed_follows_topography.
66	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
67	! than one grid length.
68	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
69	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
70	!
71	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
72	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
73	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
74	! initialization.
75	!
76	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
77	! Module renamed (removed _mod
78	!
79	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
80	! Initialization of aerosols added.
81	!
82	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
83	! Module renamed
84	!
85	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
86	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
87	!
88	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
89	! Unused variables removed.
90	!
91	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
92	! netcdf module added
93	!
94	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
95	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
96	! used.
97	!
98	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
99	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
100	!
101	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
102	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
103	!
104	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
105	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
106	!
107	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
108	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
109	!
110	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
111	! New particle structure integrated.
112	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
113	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
114	!
115	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
116	! -netcdf_output
117	!
118	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
119	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
120	!
121	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
122	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
123	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
124	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
125	! revision history before 2012 removed,
126	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
127	! all variable declaration statements
128	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
129	!
130	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
131	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
132	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
133	!
134	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
135	! unused variables removed
136	!
137	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
138	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
139	!
140	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
141	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
142	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
143	! advec_particles),
144	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
145	!
146	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
147	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
148	!
149	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
150	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
151	! array particles implemented as pointer
152	!
153	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
154	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
155	! of arrays.
156	!
157	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
158	! Initial revision
159	!
160	!
161	! Description:
162	! ------------
163	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
164	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
165	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
166	MODULE lpm_init_mod
167
168	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
169
170	USE arrays_3d, &
171	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
172
173	USE control_parameters, &
174	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
175	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
176	simulated_time
177
178	USE grid_variables, &
179	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
180
181	USE indices, &
182	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
183	nzt, wall_flags_0
184
185	USE kinds
186
187	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
188	ONLY: init_kernels
189
190	USE netcdf_interface, &
191	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
192
193	USE particle_attributes, &
194	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
195	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
196	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
197	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
198	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
199	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
200	number_concentration, &
201	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
202	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
203	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
204	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
205	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
206	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
207	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
208	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
209	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
210	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
211	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
212
213	USE pegrid
214
215	USE random_function_mod, &
216	ONLY: random_function
217
218	USE surface_mod, &
219	ONLY: get_topography_top_index, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
220
221	IMPLICIT NONE
222
223	PRIVATE
224
225	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
226	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
227
228	INTERFACE lpm_init
229	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
230	END INTERFACE lpm_init
231
232	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
233	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
234	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
235
236	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
237
238	CONTAINS
239
240	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
241	! Description:
242	! ------------
243	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
244	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
245	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
246
247	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
248	ONLY: init_kernels
249
250	IMPLICIT NONE
251
252	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
253	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
254	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
255
256	REAL(wp) :: div !<
257	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
258	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
259	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
260	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
261
262
263	!
264	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
265	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
266	IF ( ocean ) THEN
267	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
268	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
269	ENDIF
270
271	!
272	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
273
274	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
275	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
276	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
277	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
278	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
279	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
280	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
281	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
282	!
283	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
284	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
285	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
286	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
287	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
288	max_number_of_particle_groups
289	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
290	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
291	ENDIF
292	!
293	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
294	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
295	!-- propably (not realized so far).
296	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
297	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
298	'with particles'
299	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
300
301	ENDIF
302
303	!
304	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
305	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
306	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
307	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
308	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
309	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
310	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
311
312	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
313	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
314	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
315
316	!
317	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
318	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
319	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
320	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
321	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
322	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
323	!
324	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
325	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
326	div = 1000.0_wp
327	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
328	div = div / 10.0_wp
329	ENDDO
330	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
331	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
332	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
333
334	ENDIF
335
336	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
337	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
338	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
339	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
340	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
341	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
342	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
343	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
344	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
345	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
346	ENDDO
347
348	!
349	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
350	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
351	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
352	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
353	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
354	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
355
356	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
357	ENDIF
358
359	!
360	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
361	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
362	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
363	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
364	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
365	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
366	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
367	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
368
369	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
370	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
371
372	!
373	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
374	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
375	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
376	!-- negligible.
377	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
378	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
379	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
380
381	#if defined( __parallel )
382	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
383	comm2d, ierr )
384	#else
385	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
386	#endif
387
388	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
389	!
390	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
391	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
392	!
393	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
394	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
395	!
396	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
397	height_p = z0_av_global
398	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
399
400	height_p = height_p + height_int
401	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
402
403	ENDDO
404
405	ENDIF
406
407	!
408	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
409	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
410
411	CASE ( 'absorb' )
412	ibc_par_b = 1
413
414	CASE ( 'reflect' )
415	ibc_par_b = 2
416
417	CASE DEFAULT
418	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
419	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
420	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
421
422	END SELECT
423	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
424
425	CASE ( 'absorb' )
426	ibc_par_t = 1
427
428	CASE ( 'reflect' )
429	ibc_par_t = 2
430
431	CASE DEFAULT
432	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
433	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
434	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
435
436	END SELECT
437	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
438
439	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
440	ibc_par_lr = 0
441
442	CASE ( 'absorb' )
443	ibc_par_lr = 1
444
445	CASE ( 'reflect' )
446	ibc_par_lr = 2
447
448	CASE DEFAULT
449	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
450	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
451	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
452
453	END SELECT
454	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
455
456	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
457	ibc_par_ns = 0
458
459	CASE ( 'absorb' )
460	ibc_par_ns = 1
461
462	CASE ( 'reflect' )
463	ibc_par_ns = 2
464
465	CASE DEFAULT
466	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
467	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
468	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
469
470	END SELECT
471	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
472
473	CASE ( 'const' )
474	i_splitting_mode = 1
475
476	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
477	i_splitting_mode = 2
478
479	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
480	i_splitting_mode = 3
481
482	CASE DEFAULT
483	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
484	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
485	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
486
487	END SELECT
488	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
489
490	CASE ( 'gamma' )
491	isf = 1
492
493	CASE ( 'log' )
494	isf = 2
495
496	CASE ( 'exp' )
497	isf = 3
498
499	CASE DEFAULT
500	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
501	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
502	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
503
504	END SELECT
505
506
507	!
508	!-- Initialize collision kernels
509	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
510
511	!
512	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
513	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
514	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
515	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
516
517	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
518
519	ELSE
520
521	!
522	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
523	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
524	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
525	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
526
527	number_of_particles = 0
528
529	sort_count = 0
530	prt_count = 0
531
532	!
533	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
534	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
535
536	!
537	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
538	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
539	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
540	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
541	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
542	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
543	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
544	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
545
546	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
547
548	!
549	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
550	!-- groups, if necessary
551	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
552	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
553	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
554	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
555	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
556	ENDIF
557	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
558	ENDDO
559
560	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
561	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
562	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
563	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
564	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
565	ENDIF
566	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
567	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
568	ENDDO
569
570	!
571	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
572	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
573	!-- different on the different PEs.
574	iran_part = iran_part + myid
575
576	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
577	!
578	!-- User modification of initial particles
579	CALL user_lpm_init
580
581	!
582	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
583	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
584	CALL check_open( 80 )
585	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
586	number_of_particles
587	CALL close_file( 80 )
588	ENDIF
589
590	ENDIF
591
592	!
593	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
594	!-- first grid cell
595	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
596	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
597	!
598	!-- Formats
599	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
600
601	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
602
603	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
604	! Description:
605	! ------------
606	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
607	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
608	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
609
610	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
611	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
612
613	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
614	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
615
616	USE particle_attributes, &
617	ONLY: deleted_particles
618
619	IMPLICIT NONE
620
621	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
622	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
623	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
624	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
625	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
626	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
627	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
628	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
629	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
630	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
631	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
632
633	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
634
635	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
636	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
637
638	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
639
640	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
641	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
642	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
643	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
644
645	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
646
647	!
648	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
649	!-- particle is situated on this PE
650	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
651	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
652	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
653	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
654	ELSE
655	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
656	ENDIF
657
658	!
659	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
660	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
661	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
662	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
663	END IF
664
665	n = 0
666	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
667
668	pos_z = psb(i)
669
670	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
671
672	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
673
674
675	pos_y = pss(i)
676
677	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
678
679	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
680	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
681
682	pos_x = psl(i)
683
684	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
685
686	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
687	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
688
689	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
690
691
692	n = n + 1
693	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
694	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
695	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
696	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
697	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
698	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
699	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
700	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
701	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
702	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
703	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
704	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
705	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
706	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
707	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
708	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
709	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
710	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
711	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
712	ELSE
713	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
714	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
715	ENDIF
716	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
717	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
718	tmp_particle%class = 1
719	tmp_particle%group = i
720	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
721	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
722	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
723	!
724	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
725	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
726	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
727	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
728	!
729	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
730	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
731	k_surf = get_topography_top_index( j, i, 'w' )
732
733	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
734	!
735	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
736	kp = kp + k_surf
737	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
738	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
739	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
740	!-- of overhanging structures.
741	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
742	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
743	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
744	CYCLE xloop
745	ENDIF
746	!
747	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
748	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
749	!-- of overhanging structures.
750	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
751	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
752	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
753	THEN
754	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
755	CYCLE xloop
756	ENDIF
757
758	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
759
760	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
761	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
762	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
763	ENDIF
764	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
765	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
766	ENDIF
767	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
768
769	ENDIF
770	ENDDO
771
772	ENDIF
773
774	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
775
776	ENDDO xloop
777
778	ENDIF
779
780	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
781
782	ENDDO
783
784	ENDIF
785
786	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
787
788	ENDDO
789
790	ENDDO
791
792	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
793	DO ip = nxl, nxr
794	DO jp = nys, nyn
795	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
796	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
797	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
798	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
799	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
800	min_nr_particle )
801	ELSE
802	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
803	ENDIF
804	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
805	DO n = 1, alloc_size
806	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
807	ENDDO
808	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
809	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
810	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
811	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
812	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
813	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
814	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
815	ENDIF
816	ENDIF
817	ENDIF
818	ENDDO
819	ENDDO
820	ENDDO
821	ENDIF
822
823	ENDDO
824
825
826
827	local_start = prt_count+1
828	prt_count = local_count
829
830	!
831	!-- Calculate particle IDs
832	DO ip = nxl, nxr
833	DO jp = nys, nyn
834	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
835	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
836	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
837	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
838
839	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
840
841	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
842	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
843	!
844	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
845	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
846	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
847
848	ENDDO
849
850	ENDDO
851	ENDDO
852	ENDDO
853
854	!
855	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
856	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
857	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
858	ENDIF
859
860	!
861	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
862	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
863	DO ip = nxl, nxr
864	DO jp = nys, nyn
865	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
866	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
867	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
868	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
869	!
870	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
871	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
872	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
873	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
874	!-- respectively.
875	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
876	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
877	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
878	pdx(particles(n)%group)
879	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
880	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
881	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
882	)
883	ENDIF
884	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
885	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
886	pdy(particles(n)%group)
887	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
888	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
889	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
890	)
891	ENDIF
892	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
893	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
894	pdz(particles(n)%group)
895	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
896	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
897	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
898	)
899	ENDIF
900	ENDDO
901	!
902	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
903	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
904	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
905	!
906	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
907	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
908	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
909	particles => &
910	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
911	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
912	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
913	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
914	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
915	!
916	!-- Check if particle is within topography
917	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
918	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
919	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
920	ENDIF
921
922	ENDDO
923	ENDDO
924	ENDDO
925	ENDDO
926	!
927	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
928	CALL lpm_move_particle
929	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
930
931	ENDIF
932	!
933	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
934	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
935	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
936	!-- position.
937	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
938
939	!
940	!-- Determine the current number of particles
941	DO ip = nxl, nxr
942	DO jp = nys, nyn
943	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
944	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
945	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
946	ENDDO
947	ENDDO
948	ENDDO
949	!
950	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
951	#if defined( __parallel )
952	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
953	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
954	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
955	#else
956	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
957	#endif
958
959	RETURN
960
961	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
962
963	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
964
965	USE arrays_3d, &
966	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
967
968	USE cloud_parameters, &
969	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l, r_v
970
971	USE constants, &
972	ONLY: pi
973
974	USE kinds
975
976	USE particle_attributes, &
977	ONLY: aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
978	molecular_weight_of_water, na, rho_s, rm, vanthoff
979
980	IMPLICIT NONE
981
982	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
983	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
984	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
985	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
986	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
987	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
988	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
989	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
990	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
991	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
992	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
993	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
994
995	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
996
997	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
998	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
999	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1000	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1001
1002	!
1003	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1004	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1005	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1006	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1007	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1008	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1009	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1010	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1011	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1012	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1013	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1014	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1015	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1016	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1017	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1018	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1019	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1020	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1021	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1022	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1023	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1024	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1025	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1026	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1027	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1028	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1029	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1030	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1031	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1032	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1033	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1034	CONTINUE
1035	ELSE
1036	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1037	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1038	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1039	ENDIF
1040
1041	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1042	DO jp = nys, nyn
1043	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1044
1045	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1046	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1047	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1048
1049	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1050	!
1051	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1052	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1053	!-- weighting factor
1054	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1055
1056	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1057	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1058	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1059
1060	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1061	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1062	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1063	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1064	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1065	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1066	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1067	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1068	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
1069
1070	!
1071	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1072	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1073	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1074
1075	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1076	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1077	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
1078	ELSE
1079	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1080	ENDIF
1081	!
1082	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1083	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1084
1085	ENDDO
1086	!
1087	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1088	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1089	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1090	!-- the simulation.
1091	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1092
1093	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
1094	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1095
1096	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1097	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1098
1099	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1100	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1101	!
1102	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1103	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1104	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1105
1106	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1107	!
1108	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1109	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1110	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1111	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1112	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1113	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1114	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1115	)
1116
1117	ENDDO
1118
1119	ENDDO
1120	ENDDO
1121	ENDDO
1122
1123	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1124
1125	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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