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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 1886

Last change on this file since 1886 was 1874, checked in by maronga, 9 years ago
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	!
22	!
23	! Former revisions:
24	! -----------------
25	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 1874 2016-04-18 14:51:10Z suehring $
26	!
27	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
28	! Module renamed (removed _mod)
29
30	!
31	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
32	! Initialization of aerosols added.
33	!
34	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
35	! Module renamed
36	!
37	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
38	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
39	!
40	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
41	! Unused variables removed.
42	!
43	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
44	! netcdf module added
45	!
46	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
47	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
48	! used.
49	!
50	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
51	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
52	!
53	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
54	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
55	!
56	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
57	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
58	!
59	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
60	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
61	!
62	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
63	! New particle structure integrated.
64	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
65	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
66	!
67	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
68	! -netcdf_output
69	!
70	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
71	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
72	!
73	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
74	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
75	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
76	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
77	! revision history before 2012 removed,
78	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
79	! all variable declaration statements
80	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
81	!
82	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
83	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
84	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
85	!
86	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
87	! unused variables removed
88	!
89	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
90	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
91	!
92	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
93	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
94	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
95	! advec_particles),
96	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
97	!
98	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
99	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
100	!
101	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
102	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
103	! array particles implemented as pointer
104	!
105	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
106	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
107	! of arrays.
108	!
109	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
110	! Initial revision
111	!
112	!
113	! Description:
114	! ------------
115	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
116	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
117	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
118	MODULE lpm_init_mod
119
120
121	USE arrays_3d, &
122	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw, z0
123
124	USE control_parameters, &
125	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
126	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
127
128	USE grid_variables, &
129	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
130
131	USE indices, &
132	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
133	nzb_w_inner, nzt
134
135	USE kinds
136
137	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
138	ONLY: init_kernels
139
140	USE netcdf_interface, &
141	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
142
143	USE particle_attributes, &
144	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
145	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
146	curvature_solution_effects, &
147	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
148	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
149	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
150	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
151	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
152	number_of_particles, &
153	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
154	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
155	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
156	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
157	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
158	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
159	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
160	seed_follows_topography, sort_count, &
161	total_number_of_particles, &
162	use_sgs_for_particles, &
163	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
164	z0_av_global
165
166	USE pegrid
167
168	USE random_function_mod, &
169	ONLY: random_function
170
171	IMPLICIT NONE
172
173	PRIVATE
174
175	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
176	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
177
178	INTERFACE lpm_init
179	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
180	END INTERFACE lpm_init
181
182	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
183	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
184	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
185
186	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
187
188	CONTAINS
189
190	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
191	! Description:
192	! ------------
193	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
194	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
195	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
196
197	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
198	ONLY: init_kernels
199
200	IMPLICIT NONE
201
202	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
203	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
204	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
205
206	#if defined( __parallel )
207	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
208	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
209	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
210	#endif
211
212	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
213	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
214	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
215	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
216
217	#if defined( __parallel )
218	!
219	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
220	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
221	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
222	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
223
224	types(1) = MPI_REAL
225	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
226	types(3) = MPI_UB
227	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
228	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
229	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
230	#endif
231
232	!
233	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
234	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
235	IF ( ocean ) THEN
236	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
237	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
238	ENDIF
239
240	!
241	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
242
243	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
244	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
245	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
246	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
247	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
248	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
249	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
250	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
251	!
252	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
253	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
254	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
255	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
256	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
257	max_number_of_particle_groups
258	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
259	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
260	ENDIF
261
262	!
263	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
264	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
265	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
266	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
267	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
268	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
269	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
270
271	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
272	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
273	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
274
275	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
276	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
277	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
278	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
279	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
280	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
281	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
282	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
283	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
284	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
285	ENDDO
286
287	!
288	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities
289	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
290	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
291	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
292	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
293	ENDIF
294
295	!
296	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
297	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
298	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
299	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
300	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
301	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
302	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
303	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
304
305	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
306	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
307
308	!
309	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
310	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
311	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
312	!-- negligible.
313	z0_av_local = SUM( z0(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
314	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
315
316	#if defined( __parallel )
317	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
318	comm2d, ierr )
319	#else
320	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
321	#endif
322
323	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
324	!
325	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
326	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
327	!
328	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
329	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
330	!
331	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
332	height_p = 0.0_wp
333	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
334
335	height_p = height_p + height_int
336	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
337
338	ENDDO
339
340
341	ENDIF
342
343	!
344	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
345	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
346
347	CASE ( 'absorb' )
348	ibc_par_b = 1
349
350	CASE ( 'reflect' )
351	ibc_par_b = 2
352
353	CASE DEFAULT
354	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
355	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
356	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
357
358	END SELECT
359	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
360
361	CASE ( 'absorb' )
362	ibc_par_t = 1
363
364	CASE ( 'reflect' )
365	ibc_par_t = 2
366
367	CASE DEFAULT
368	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
369	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
370	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
371
372	END SELECT
373	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
374
375	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
376	ibc_par_lr = 0
377
378	CASE ( 'absorb' )
379	ibc_par_lr = 1
380
381	CASE ( 'reflect' )
382	ibc_par_lr = 2
383
384	CASE DEFAULT
385	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
386	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
387	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
388
389	END SELECT
390	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
391
392	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
393	ibc_par_ns = 0
394
395	CASE ( 'absorb' )
396	ibc_par_ns = 1
397
398	CASE ( 'reflect' )
399	ibc_par_ns = 2
400
401	CASE DEFAULT
402	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
403	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
404	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
405
406	END SELECT
407
408	!
409	!-- Initialize collision kernels
410	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
411
412	!
413	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
414	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
415	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
416	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
417
418	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
419
420	ELSE
421
422	!
423	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
424	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
425	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
426	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
427
428	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
429	number_of_particles = 0
430
431	sort_count = 0
432	prt_count = 0
433
434	!
435	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
436	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
437	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
438	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
439	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
440	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
441	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0, 0, 0, &
442	0, .FALSE., -1)
443
444	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
445
446	!
447	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
448	!-- groups, if necessary
449	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
450	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
451	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
452	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
453	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
454	ENDIF
455	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
456	ENDDO
457
458	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
459	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
460	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
461	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
462	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
463	ENDIF
464	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
465	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
466	ENDDO
467
468	!
469	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
470	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
471	!-- different on the different PEs.
472	iran_part = iran_part + myid
473
474	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
475
476	!
477	!-- User modification of initial particles
478	CALL user_lpm_init
479
480	!
481	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
482	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
483	CALL check_open( 80 )
484	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
485	number_of_particles, &
486	maximum_number_of_particles
487	CALL close_file( 80 )
488	ENDIF
489
490	ENDIF
491
492	!
493	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
494	!-- first grid cell
495	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
496	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
497
498	!
499	!-- Formats
500	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
501
502	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
503
504	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
505	! Description:
506	! ------------
507	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
509	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
510
511	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
512	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
513
514	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
515	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
516
517	USE particle_attributes, &
518	ONLY: monodisperse_aerosols
519
520	IMPLICIT NONE
521
522	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !<
523	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
524	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
525	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
526	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
527	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
528	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !<
529	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
530	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !<
531
532	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !<
533
534	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !<
535	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !<
536
537	LOGICAL :: first_stride !<
538
539	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !<
540	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !<
541	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !<
542
543	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !<
544
545	!
546	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
547	!-- particle is situated on this PE
548	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
549	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
550	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
551	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
552	ELSE
553	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
554	ENDIF
555
556	n = 0
557	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
558
559	pos_z = psb(i)
560
561	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
562
563	pos_y = pss(i)
564
565	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
566
567	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
568	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
569
570	pos_x = psl(i)
571
572	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
573
574	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
575	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
576
577	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
578
579	n = n + 1
580	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
581	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
582	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
583	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
584	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
585	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
586	tmp_particle%dvrp_psize = 0.0_wp !unused
587	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
588	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
589	!
590	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
591	!-- for Rosenbrock method
592	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
593	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
594	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused
595	ELSE
596	!
597	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
598	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
599	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
600	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
601	ENDIF
602	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
603	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
604	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
605	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
606	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
607	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
608	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
609	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
610	tmp_particle%class = 1
611	tmp_particle%group = i
612	tmp_particle%tailpoints = 0 !unused
613	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
614	tmp_particle%tail_id = 0 !unused
615
616	!
617	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
618	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
619	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
620	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
621
622	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
623	!
624	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
625	kp = kp + nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)
626	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(kp)
627	IF ( kp > nzt ) THEN
628	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
629	CYCLE xloop
630	ENDIF
631	ENDIF
632
633	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
634	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
635	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
636	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
637	ENDIF
638	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
639	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
640	ENDIF
641	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
642	ENDIF
643	ENDDO
644
645	ENDIF
646
647	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
648
649	ENDDO xloop
650
651	ENDIF
652
653	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
654
655	ENDDO
656
657	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
658
659	ENDDO
660
661	ENDDO
662
663	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
664	DO ip = nxl, nxr
665	DO jp = nys, nyn
666	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
667	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
668	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
669	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
670	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
671	min_nr_particle )
672	ELSE
673	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
674	ENDIF
675	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
676	DO n = 1, alloc_size
677	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
678	ENDDO
679	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
680	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
681	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
682	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
683	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
684	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
685	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
686	ENDIF
687	ENDIF
688	ENDIF
689	ENDDO
690	ENDDO
691	ENDDO
692	ENDIF
693	ENDDO
694
695	local_start = prt_count+1
696	prt_count = local_count
697
698	!
699	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
700	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
701	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
702	ENDIF
703
704	!
705	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions
706	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
707	DO ip = nxl, nxr
708	DO jp = nys, nyn
709	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
710	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
711	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
712	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
713
714	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !Move only new particles
715	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
716	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
717	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
718	pdx(particles(n)%group)
719	ENDIF
720	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
721	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
722	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
723	pdy(particles(n)%group)
724	ENDIF
725	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
726	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
727	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
728	pdz(particles(n)%group)
729	ENDIF
730	ENDDO
731	!
732	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain
733	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
734	ENDDO
735	ENDDO
736	ENDDO
737	!
738	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
739	CALL lpm_move_particle
740	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
741
742	ENDIF
743	!
744	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
745	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
746	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
747	!-- position.
748	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
749
750	!
751	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
752	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
753	DO ip = nxl, nxr
754	DO jp = nys, nyn
755	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
756	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
757	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
758	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
759	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
760	ENDDO
761	ENDDO
762	ENDDO
763	!
764	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
765	#if defined( __parallel )
766	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
767	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
768	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
769	#else
770	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
771	#endif
772
773	RETURN
774
775	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
776
777	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
778
779	USE arrays_3d, &
780	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
781
782	USE cloud_parameters, &
783	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l
784
785	USE constants, &
786	ONLY: pi
787
788	USE kinds
789
790	USE particle_attributes, &
791	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
792	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
793	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
794
795	IMPLICIT NONE
796
797	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
798	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
799
800	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
801	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
802	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
803	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
804	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
805	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
806	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
807	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
808	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
809	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
810	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
811	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
812
813	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
814
815	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
816	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
817	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
818	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
819	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
820	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
821
822	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
823
824	!
825	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
826	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
827	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
828	DO n = 0, no_bins
829	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
830	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
831
832	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
833	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
834	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
835	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
836	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
837	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
838	) )
839	ENDIF
840	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
841	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
842	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
843	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
844	) )
845	ENDIF
846	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
847	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
848	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
849	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
850	) )
851	ENDIF
852
853	ENDDO
854	ENDIF
855
856	DO ip = nxl, nxr
857	DO jp = nys, nyn
858	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
859
860	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
861	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
862	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
863	!
864	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
865	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
866	!-- weighting factor
867	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
868
869	new_pdf = .FALSE.
870	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
871	new_pdf = .TRUE.
872	ELSE
873	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
874	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
875	new_pdf = .TRUE.
876	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
877	ENDIF
878	ENDIF
879
880	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
881
882	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
883	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
884
885	DO n = 0, no_bins
886	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
887	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
888	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
889	ENDDO
890
891	ENDIF
892
893	!
894	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
895	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
896
897	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
898
899	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
900	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
901
902	pdf = 0.0_wp
903	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
904	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
905	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
906	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
907	) * &
908	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
909	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
910	) &
911	)
912	ENDIF
913	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
914	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
915	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
916	) * &
917	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
918	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
919	) &
920	)
921	ENDIF
922	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
923	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
924	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
925	) * &
926	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
927	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
928	) &
929	)
930	ENDIF
931
932	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
933	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
934
935	END DO
936	!
937	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
938	!-- in every grid box
939	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
940
941	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
942	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
943	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
944
945	ENDIF
946	!
947	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
948	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
949	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
950
951	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
952
953	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
954	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
955	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
956	ENDDO
957	!
958	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
959	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
960	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
961	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
962	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
963	EXIT
964	ENDIF
965	ENDDO
966
967	ENDDO
968
969	ENDIF
970
971	!
972	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
973	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
974	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
975	!-- the simulation.
976	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
977
978	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
979	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
980
981	!
982	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. In (super-)
983	!-- saturated air, the inital radius is used.
984	IF ( e_a / e_s < 1.0_wp ) THEN
985
986	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
987
988	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
989	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
990	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
991	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
992	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
993	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
994
995	ENDDO
996
997	ENDIF
998
999	ENDDO
1000	ENDDO
1001	ENDDO
1002	!
1003	!-- Deallocate used arrays
1004	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
1005	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
1006
1007	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1008
1009	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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