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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 1873

Last change on this file since 1873 was 1873, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
revised renaming of modules
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	! Module renamed (removed _mod)
22
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga $
27	!
28	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
29	! Initialization of aerosols added.
30	!
31	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
32	! Module renamed
33	!
34	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
35	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
36	!
37	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
38	! Unused variables removed.
39	!
40	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
41	! netcdf module added
42	!
43	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
44	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
45	! used.
46	!
47	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
48	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
49	!
50	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
51	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
52	!
53	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
54	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
55	!
56	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
57	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
58	!
59	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
60	! New particle structure integrated.
61	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
62	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
63	!
64	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
65	! -netcdf_output
66	!
67	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
68	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
69	!
70	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
71	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
72	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
73	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
74	! revision history before 2012 removed,
75	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
76	! all variable declaration statements
77	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
78	!
79	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
80	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
81	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
82	!
83	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
84	! unused variables removed
85	!
86	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
87	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
88	!
89	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
90	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
91	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
92	! advec_particles),
93	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
94	!
95	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
96	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
97	!
98	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
99	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
100	! array particles implemented as pointer
101	!
102	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
103	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
104	! of arrays.
105	!
106	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
107	! Initial revision
108	!
109	!
110	! Description:
111	! ------------
112	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
113	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
114	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
115	MODULE lpm_init_mod
116
117
118	USE arrays_3d, &
119	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw, z0
120
121	USE control_parameters, &
122	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
123	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
124
125	USE grid_variables, &
126	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
127
128	USE indices, &
129	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
130	nzb_w_inner, nzt
131
132	USE kinds
133
134	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
135	ONLY: init_kernels
136
137	USE netcdf_interface, &
138	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
139
140	USE particle_attributes, &
141	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
142	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
143	curvature_solution_effects, &
144	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
145	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
146	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
147	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
148	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
149	number_of_particles, &
150	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
151	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
152	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
153	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
154	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
155	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
156	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
157	seed_follows_topography, sort_count, &
158	total_number_of_particles, &
159	use_sgs_for_particles, &
160	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
161	z0_av_global
162
163	USE pegrid
164
165	USE random_function_mod, &
166	ONLY: random_function
167
168	IMPLICIT NONE
169
170	PRIVATE
171
172	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
173	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
174
175	INTERFACE lpm_init
176	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
177	END INTERFACE lpm_init
178
179	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
180	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
181	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
182
183	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
184
185	CONTAINS
186
187	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
188	! Description:
189	! ------------
190	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
191	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
192	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
193
194	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
195	ONLY: init_kernels
196
197	IMPLICIT NONE
198
199	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
200	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
201	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
202
203	#if defined( __parallel )
204	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
205	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
206	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
207	#endif
208
209	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
210	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
211	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
212	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
213
214	#if defined( __parallel )
215	!
216	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
217	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
218	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
219	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
220
221	types(1) = MPI_REAL
222	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
223	types(3) = MPI_UB
224	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
225	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
226	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
227	#endif
228
229	!
230	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
231	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
232	IF ( ocean ) THEN
233	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
234	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
235	ENDIF
236
237	!
238	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
239
240	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
241	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
242	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
243	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
244	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
245	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
246	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
247	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
248	!
249	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
250	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
251	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
252	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
253	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
254	max_number_of_particle_groups
255	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
256	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
257	ENDIF
258
259	!
260	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
261	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
262	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
263	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
264	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
265	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
266	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
267
268	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
269	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
270	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
271
272	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
273	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
274	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
275	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
276	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
277	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
278	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
279	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
280	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
281	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
282	ENDDO
283
284	!
285	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities
286	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
287	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
288	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
289	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
290	ENDIF
291
292	!
293	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
294	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
295	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
296	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
297	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
298	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
299	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
300	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
301
302	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
303	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
304
305	!
306	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
307	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
308	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
309	!-- negligible.
310	z0_av_local = SUM( z0(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
311	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
312
313	#if defined( __parallel )
314	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
315	comm2d, ierr )
316	#else
317	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
318	#endif
319
320	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
321	!
322	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
323	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
324	!
325	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
326	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
327	!
328	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
329	height_p = 0.0_wp
330	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
331
332	height_p = height_p + height_int
333	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
334
335	ENDDO
336
337
338	ENDIF
339
340	!
341	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
342	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
343
344	CASE ( 'absorb' )
345	ibc_par_b = 1
346
347	CASE ( 'reflect' )
348	ibc_par_b = 2
349
350	CASE DEFAULT
351	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
352	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
353	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
354
355	END SELECT
356	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
357
358	CASE ( 'absorb' )
359	ibc_par_t = 1
360
361	CASE ( 'reflect' )
362	ibc_par_t = 2
363
364	CASE DEFAULT
365	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
366	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
367	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
368
369	END SELECT
370	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
371
372	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
373	ibc_par_lr = 0
374
375	CASE ( 'absorb' )
376	ibc_par_lr = 1
377
378	CASE ( 'reflect' )
379	ibc_par_lr = 2
380
381	CASE DEFAULT
382	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
383	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
384	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
385
386	END SELECT
387	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
388
389	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
390	ibc_par_ns = 0
391
392	CASE ( 'absorb' )
393	ibc_par_ns = 1
394
395	CASE ( 'reflect' )
396	ibc_par_ns = 2
397
398	CASE DEFAULT
399	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
400	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
401	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
402
403	END SELECT
404
405	!
406	!-- Initialize collision kernels
407	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
408
409	!
410	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
411	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
412	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
413	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
414
415	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
416
417	ELSE
418
419	!
420	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
421	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
422	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
423	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
424
425	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
426	number_of_particles = 0
427
428	sort_count = 0
429	prt_count = 0
430
431	!
432	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
433	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
434	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
435	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
436	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
437	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
438	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0, 0, 0, &
439	0, .FALSE., -1)
440
441	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
442
443	!
444	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
445	!-- groups, if necessary
446	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
447	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
448	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
449	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
450	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
451	ENDIF
452	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
453	ENDDO
454
455	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
456	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
457	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
458	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
459	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
460	ENDIF
461	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
462	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
463	ENDDO
464
465	!
466	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
467	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
468	!-- different on the different PEs.
469	iran_part = iran_part + myid
470
471	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
472
473	!
474	!-- User modification of initial particles
475	CALL user_lpm_init
476
477	!
478	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
479	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
480	CALL check_open( 80 )
481	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
482	number_of_particles, &
483	maximum_number_of_particles
484	CALL close_file( 80 )
485	ENDIF
486
487	ENDIF
488
489	!
490	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
491	!-- first grid cell
492	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
493	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
494
495	!
496	!-- Formats
497	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
498
499	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
500
501	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
502	! Description:
503	! ------------
504	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
505	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
506	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
507
508	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
509	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
510
511	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
512	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
513
514	USE particle_attributes, &
515	ONLY: monodisperse_aerosols
516
517	IMPLICIT NONE
518
519	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !<
520	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
521	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
522	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
523	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
524	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
525	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !<
526	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
527	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !<
528
529	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !<
530
531	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !<
532	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !<
533
534	LOGICAL :: first_stride !<
535
536	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !<
537	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !<
538	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !<
539
540	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !<
541
542	!
543	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
544	!-- particle is situated on this PE
545	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
546	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
547	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
548	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
549	ELSE
550	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
551	ENDIF
552
553	n = 0
554	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
555
556	pos_z = psb(i)
557
558	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
559
560	pos_y = pss(i)
561
562	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
563
564	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
565	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
566
567	pos_x = psl(i)
568
569	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
570
571	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
572	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
573
574	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
575
576	n = n + 1
577	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
578	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
579	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
580	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
581	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
582	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
583	tmp_particle%dvrp_psize = 0.0_wp !unused
584	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
585	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
586	!
587	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
588	!-- for Rosenbrock method
589	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
590	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
591	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused
592	ELSE
593	!
594	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
595	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
596	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
597	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
598	ENDIF
599	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
600	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
601	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
602	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
603	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
604	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
605	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
606	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
607	tmp_particle%class = 1
608	tmp_particle%group = i
609	tmp_particle%tailpoints = 0 !unused
610	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
611	tmp_particle%tail_id = 0 !unused
612
613	!
614	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
615	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
616	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
617	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
618
619	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
620	!
621	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
622	kp = kp + nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)
623	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(kp)
624	IF ( kp > nzt ) THEN
625	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
626	CYCLE xloop
627	ENDIF
628	ENDIF
629
630	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
631	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
632	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
633	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
634	ENDIF
635	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
636	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
637	ENDIF
638	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
639	ENDIF
640	ENDDO
641
642	ENDIF
643
644	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
645
646	ENDDO xloop
647
648	ENDIF
649
650	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
651
652	ENDDO
653
654	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
655
656	ENDDO
657
658	ENDDO
659
660	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
661	DO ip = nxl, nxr
662	DO jp = nys, nyn
663	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
664	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
665	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
666	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
667	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
668	min_nr_particle )
669	ELSE
670	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
671	ENDIF
672	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
673	DO n = 1, alloc_size
674	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
675	ENDDO
676	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
677	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
678	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
679	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
680	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
681	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
682	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
683	ENDIF
684	ENDIF
685	ENDIF
686	ENDDO
687	ENDDO
688	ENDDO
689	ENDIF
690	ENDDO
691
692	local_start = prt_count+1
693	prt_count = local_count
694
695	!
696	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
697	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
698	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
699	ENDIF
700
701	!
702	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions
703	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
704	DO ip = nxl, nxr
705	DO jp = nys, nyn
706	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
707	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
708	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
709	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
710
711	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !Move only new particles
712	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
713	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
714	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
715	pdx(particles(n)%group)
716	ENDIF
717	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
718	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
719	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
720	pdy(particles(n)%group)
721	ENDIF
722	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
723	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
724	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
725	pdz(particles(n)%group)
726	ENDIF
727	ENDDO
728	!
729	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain
730	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
731	ENDDO
732	ENDDO
733	ENDDO
734	!
735	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
736	CALL lpm_move_particle
737	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
738
739	ENDIF
740	!
741	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
742	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
743	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
744	!-- position.
745	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
746
747	!
748	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
749	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
750	DO ip = nxl, nxr
751	DO jp = nys, nyn
752	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
753	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
754	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
755	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
756	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
757	ENDDO
758	ENDDO
759	ENDDO
760	!
761	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
762	#if defined( __parallel )
763	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
764	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
765	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
766	#else
767	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
768	#endif
769
770	RETURN
771
772	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
773
774	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
775
776	USE arrays_3d, &
777	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
778
779	USE cloud_parameters, &
780	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l
781
782	USE constants, &
783	ONLY: pi
784
785	USE kinds
786
787	USE particle_attributes, &
788	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
789	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
790	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
791
792	IMPLICIT NONE
793
794	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
795	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
796
797	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
798	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
799	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
800	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
801	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
802	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
803	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
804	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
805	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
806	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
807	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
808	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
809
810	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
811
812	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
813	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
814	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
815	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
816	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
817	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
818
819	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
820
821	!
822	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
823	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
824	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
825	DO n = 0, no_bins
826	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
827	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
828
829	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
830	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
831	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
832	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
833	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
834	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
835	) )
836	ENDIF
837	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
838	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
839	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
840	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
841	) )
842	ENDIF
843	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
844	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
845	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
846	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
847	) )
848	ENDIF
849
850	ENDDO
851	ENDIF
852
853	DO ip = nxl, nxr
854	DO jp = nys, nyn
855	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
856
857	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
858	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
859	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
860	!
861	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
862	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
863	!-- weighting factor
864	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
865
866	new_pdf = .FALSE.
867	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
868	new_pdf = .TRUE.
869	ELSE
870	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
871	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
872	new_pdf = .TRUE.
873	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
874	ENDIF
875	ENDIF
876
877	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
878
879	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
880	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
881
882	DO n = 0, no_bins
883	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
884	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
885	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
886	ENDDO
887
888	ENDIF
889
890	!
891	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
892	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
893
894	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
895
896	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
897	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
898
899	pdf = 0.0_wp
900	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
901	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
902	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
903	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
904	) * &
905	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
906	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
907	) &
908	)
909	ENDIF
910	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
911	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
912	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
913	) * &
914	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
915	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
916	) &
917	)
918	ENDIF
919	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
920	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
921	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
922	) * &
923	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
924	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
925	) &
926	)
927	ENDIF
928
929	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
930	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
931
932	END DO
933	!
934	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
935	!-- in every grid box
936	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
937
938	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
939	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
940	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
941
942	ENDIF
943	!
944	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
945	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
946	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
947
948	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
949
950	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
951	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
952	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
953	ENDDO
954	!
955	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
956	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
957	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
958	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
959	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
960	EXIT
961	ENDIF
962	ENDDO
963
964	ENDDO
965
966	ENDIF
967
968	!
969	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
970	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
971	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
972	!-- the simulation.
973	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
974
975	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
976	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
977
978	!
979	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. In (super-)
980	!-- saturated air, the inital radius is used.
981	IF ( e_a / e_s < 1.0_wp ) THEN
982
983	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
984
985	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
986	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
987	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
988	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
989	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
990	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
991
992	ENDDO
993
994	ENDIF
995
996	ENDDO
997	ENDDO
998	ENDDO
999	!
1000	!-- Deallocate used arrays
1001	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
1002	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
1003
1004	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1005
1006	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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