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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2579

Last change on this file since 2579 was 2375, checked in by schwenkel, 7 years ago
improved aerosol initialization for bulk microphysics
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 44.9 KB

Rev	Line
[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z knoop $
[2375]	27	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	28	!
	29	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	30	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	31	!
	32	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	33	! Get topography top index via Function call
	34	!
	35	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	36	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	37	!
	38	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	39	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	40	!
[2305]	41	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	42	! Changed error messages
[2312]	43	!
[2274]	44	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	45	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	46	!
[2265]	47	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	48	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	49	!
[2263]	50	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	51	!
[2233]	52	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	53	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	54	!
	55	!
[2224]	56	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	57	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	58	!
[2183]	59	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	60	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	61	!
[2123]	62	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	63	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	64	! Calculation of particle ID
	65	!
[2001]	66	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	67	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	68	!
[1930]	69	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	70	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	71	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	72	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	73	! than one grid length.
	74	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	75	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	76	!
[1891]	77	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	78	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	79	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	80	! initialization.
	81	!
[1874]	82	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	83	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	84	!
[1872]	85	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	86	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	87	!
[1851]	88	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	89	! Module renamed
	90	!
[1832]	91	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	92	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	93	!
[1823]	94	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	95	! Unused variables removed.
	96	!
[1784]	97	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	98	! netcdf module added
	99	!
[2312]	100	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	101	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	102	! used.
	103	!
[1692]	104	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	105	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	106	!
[1686]	107	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	108	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	109	!
[1683]	110	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	111	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	112	!
[1576]	113	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	114	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	115	!
[1360]	116	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	117	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	118	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	119	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	120	!
[1329]	121	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	122	! -netcdf_output
	123	!
[1323]	124	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	125	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	126	!
[1321]	127	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	128	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	129	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	130	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	131	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	132	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	133	! all variable declaration statements
	134	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	135	!
[1315]	136	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	137	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	138	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	139	!
[1093]	140	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	141	! unused variables removed
	142	!
[1037]	143	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	144	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	145	!
[850]	146	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	147	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	148	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	149	! advec_particles),
	150	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	151	!
[829]	152	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	153	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	154	!
[826]	155	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	156	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	157	! array particles implemented as pointer
	158	!
[668]	159	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	160	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	161	! of arrays.
	162	!
[1]	163	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	164	! Initial revision
	165	!
	166	!
	167	! Description:
	168	! ------------
[1682]	169	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	170	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	171	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	172	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	173
[2305]	174	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	175
[1320]	176	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	177	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	178
	179	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	180	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	181	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	182	simulated_time
[1320]	183
	184	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	185	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	186
	187	USE indices, &
[1575]	188	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	189	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	190
	191	USE kinds
	192
	193	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	194	ONLY: init_kernels
	195
[1783]	196	USE netcdf_interface, &
	197	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	198
[1320]	199	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	200	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	201	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	202	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	203	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	204	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	205	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	206	number_concentration, &
[2265]	207	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	208	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	209	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	210	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	211	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	212	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	213	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	214	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	215	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	216	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	217	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	218
[1]	219	USE pegrid
	220
[1320]	221	USE random_function_mod, &
	222	ONLY: random_function
[1]	223
[2232]	224	USE surface_mod, &
[2317]	225	ONLY: get_topography_top_index, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	226
[1359]	227	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	228
[1359]	229	PRIVATE
	230
[1682]	231	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	232	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	233
	234	INTERFACE lpm_init
	235	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	236	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	237
	238	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	239	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	240	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	241
	242	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	243
[1929]	244	CONTAINS
[1359]	245
[1682]	246	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	247	! Description:
	248	! ------------
	249	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	250	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	251	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	252
	253	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	254	ONLY: init_kernels
	255
[1]	256	IMPLICIT NONE
	257
[1682]	258	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	259	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	260	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	261
[2312]	262	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	263	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	264	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	265	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	266	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	267
[1359]	268
[1]	269	!
[150]	270	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	271	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	272	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	273	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	274	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	275	ENDIF
	276
[1359]	277	!
	278	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	279
[1359]	280	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	281	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	282	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	283	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	284	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	285	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	286	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	287	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	288	!
[1]	289	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	290	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	291	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	292	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	293	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	294	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	295	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	296	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	297	ENDIF
[2232]	298	!
	299	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	300	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	301	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	302	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	303	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	304	'with particles'
[2232]	305	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	306
[2312]	307	ENDIF
[2232]	308
[1]	309	!
	310	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	311	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	312	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	313	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	314	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	315	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	316	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	317
[1359]	318	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	319	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	320	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	321
[2182]	322	!
	323	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	324	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	325	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	326	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	327	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	328	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	329	!
[2312]	330	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	331	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	332	div = 1000.0_wp
	333	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	334	div = div / 10.0_wp
	335	ENDDO
	336	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	337	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	338	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	339
	340	ENDIF
	341
[1]	342	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	343	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	344	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	345	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	346	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	347	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	348	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	349	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	350	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	351	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	352	ENDDO
	353
	354	!
[2312]	355	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	356	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	357	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	358	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	359	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	360	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	361
[2312]	362	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	363	ENDIF
	364
	365	!
[2312]	366	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	367	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	368	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	369	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	370	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	371	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	372	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	373	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	374
	375	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	376	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	377
	378	!
	379	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	380	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	381	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	382	!-- negligible.
[2232]	383	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	384	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	385	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	386
[1320]	387	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	388	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	389	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	390	#else
	391	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	392	#endif
[1314]	393
	394	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	395	!
	396	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	397	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	398	!
	399	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	400	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	401	!
	402	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	403	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	404	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	405
	406	height_p = height_p + height_int
	407	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	408
	409	ENDDO
	410
	411	ENDIF
	412
	413	!
[1359]	414	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	415	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	416
[1359]	417	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	418	ibc_par_b = 1
	419
	420	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	421	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	422
[1359]	423	CASE DEFAULT
	424	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	425	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	426	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	427
[1359]	428	END SELECT
	429	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	430
[1359]	431	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	432	ibc_par_t = 1
	433
	434	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	435	ibc_par_t = 2
[2312]	436
[1359]	437	CASE DEFAULT
	438	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	439	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	440	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	441
[1359]	442	END SELECT
	443	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	444
	445	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	446	ibc_par_lr = 0
	447
	448	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	449	ibc_par_lr = 1
	450
	451	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	452	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2312]	453
[1359]	454	CASE DEFAULT
	455	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	456	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	457	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	458
[1359]	459	END SELECT
	460	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	461
	462	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	463	ibc_par_ns = 0
	464
	465	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	466	ibc_par_ns = 1
	467
	468	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	469	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2312]	470
[1359]	471	CASE DEFAULT
	472	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	473	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	474	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	475
[1359]	476	END SELECT
[2263]	477	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	478
[2263]	479	CASE ( 'const' )
	480	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	481
[2263]	482	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	483	i_splitting_mode = 2
	484
	485	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	486	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	487
[2263]	488	CASE DEFAULT
	489	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	490	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	491	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	492
[2263]	493	END SELECT
	494	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	495
[2263]	496	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	497	isf = 1
	498
	499	CASE ( 'log' )
	500	isf = 2
	501
	502	CASE ( 'exp' )
	503	isf = 3
[2312]	504
[2263]	505	CASE DEFAULT
	506	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	507	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	508	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	509
[2263]	510	END SELECT
	511
[2312]	512
[1359]	513	!
[828]	514	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	515	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	516
	517	!
[1]	518	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	519	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	520	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	521	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	522
[849]	523	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	524
	525	ELSE
	526
	527	!
	528	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	529	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	530	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	531	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	532
[1359]	533	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	534
	535	sort_count = 0
[1359]	536	prt_count = 0
[792]	537
[1]	538	!
[2312]	539	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	540	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	541
	542	!
[1]	543	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	544	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	545	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	546	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	547	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	548	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	549	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	550	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	551
[1359]	552	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	553
	554	!
	555	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	556	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	557	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	558	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	559	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	560	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	561	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	562	ENDIF
[1359]	563	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	564	ENDDO
	565
	566	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	567	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	568	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	569	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	570	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	571	ENDIF
	572	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	573	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	574	ENDDO
	575
	576	!
[1359]	577	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	578	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	579	!-- different on the different PEs.
	580	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	581
[1725]	582	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	583	!
	584	!-- User modification of initial particles
	585	CALL user_lpm_init
	586
	587	!
	588	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	589	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	590	CALL check_open( 80 )
	591	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	592	number_of_particles
[1359]	593	CALL close_file( 80 )
	594	ENDIF
	595
	596	ENDIF
	597
	598	!
[2312]	599	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	600	!-- first grid cell
	601	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	602	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	603	!
	604	!-- Formats
	605	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	606
	607	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	608
[1682]	609	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	610	! Description:
	611	! ------------
	612	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	613	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	614	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	615
	616	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	617	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	618
	619	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	620	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	621
[1871]	622	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	623	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	624
[1359]	625	IMPLICIT NONE
	626
[1929]	627	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	628	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	629	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	630	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	631	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	632	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	633	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	634	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	635	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	636	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	637	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	638
[1929]	639	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	640
[1929]	641	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	642	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	643
[1929]	644	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	645
[2312]	646	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	647	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	648	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	649	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	650
[1929]	651	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	652
	653	!
	654	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	655	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	656	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	657	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	658	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	659	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	660	ELSE
	661	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	662	ENDIF
	663
[2182]	664	!
	665	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	666	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	667	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	668	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	669	END IF
	670
[1]	671	n = 0
	672	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	673
	674	pos_z = psb(i)
	675
	676	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	677
[2223]	678	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	679
	680
[2223]	681	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	682
[2223]	683	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	684
[2223]	685	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	686	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	687
[2223]	688	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	689
[2223]	690	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	691
[2312]	692	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
[2223]	693	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
	694
	695	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	696
[2305]	697
[2223]	698	n = n + 1
	699	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	700	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	701	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	702	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	703	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	704	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	705	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	706	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	707	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	708	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	709	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	710	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	711	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	712	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	713	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	714	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	715	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	716	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	717	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	718	ELSE
	719	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	720	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	721	ENDIF
[2223]	722	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	723	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	724	tmp_particle%class = 1
	725	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	726	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	727	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	728	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	729	!
[2223]	730	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2232]	731	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[2223]	732	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	733	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2232]	734	!
	735	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	736	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2346]	737	k_surf = get_topography_top_index( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	738
[2223]	739	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	740	!
[2223]	741	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	742	kp = kp + k_surf
	743	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	744	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	745	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	746	!-- of overhanging structures.
	747	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	748	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	749	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	750	CYCLE xloop
	751	ENDIF
[2232]	752	!
[2312]	753	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	754	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	755	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	756	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	757	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	758	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	759	THEN
[1575]	760	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	761	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	762	ENDIF
	763
[2223]	764	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	765
[2223]	766	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	767	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	768	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	769	ENDIF
	770	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	771	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	772	ENDIF
	773	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	774
[1359]	775	ENDIF
[2223]	776	ENDDO
[1929]	777
[2223]	778	ENDIF
[1]	779
[2223]	780	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	781
[2223]	782	ENDDO xloop
[1]	783
[2223]	784	ENDIF
[1]	785
[2223]	786	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	787
[2223]	788	ENDDO
[1]	789
[2223]	790	ENDIF
[1]	791
	792	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	793
	794	ENDDO
	795
	796	ENDDO
	797
[1359]	798	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	799	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	800	DO jp = nys, nyn
	801	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	802	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	803	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	804	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	805	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	806	min_nr_particle )
	807	ELSE
	808	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	809	ENDIF
	810	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	811	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	812	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	813	ENDDO
	814	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	815	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	816	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	817	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	818	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	819	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	820	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	821	ENDIF
	822	ENDIF
	823	ENDIF
	824	ENDDO
	825	ENDDO
	826	ENDDO
	827	ENDIF
[1929]	828
[1359]	829	ENDDO
[1]	830
[2182]	831
	832
[1359]	833	local_start = prt_count+1
	834	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	835
[1]	836	!
[2122]	837	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	838	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	839	DO jp = nys, nyn
	840	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	841	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	842	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	843	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	844
[2312]	845	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	846
[2305]	847	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	848	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	849	!
	850	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	851	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	852	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	853
	854	ENDDO
	855
	856	ENDDO
	857	ENDDO
	858	ENDDO
	859
	860	!
[1871]	861	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	862	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	863	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	864	ENDIF
	865
	866	!
[1929]	867	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	868	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	869	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	870	DO jp = nys, nyn
	871	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	872	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	873	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	874	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	875	!
[2312]	876	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	877	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	878	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	879	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	880	!-- respectively.
[1929]	881	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	882	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	883	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	884	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	885	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	886	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	887	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	888	)
[1359]	889	ENDIF
	890	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	891	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	892	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	893	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	894	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	895	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	896	)
[1359]	897	ENDIF
	898	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	899	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	900	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	901	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	902	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	903	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	904	)
[1359]	905	ENDIF
	906	ENDDO
[1]	907	!
[1929]	908	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	909	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[1359]	910	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
[1929]	911	!
	912	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	913	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	914	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	915	particles => &
	916	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	917	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	918	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	919	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2232]	920	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	921	!
	922	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	923	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	924	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	925	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	926	ENDIF
[2232]	927
[1929]	928	ENDDO
[1359]	929	ENDDO
	930	ENDDO
	931	ENDDO
[1]	932	!
[1359]	933	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	934	CALL lpm_move_particle
	935	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	936
[1359]	937	ENDIF
[1]	938	!
[2312]	939	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	940	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	941	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	942	!-- position.
	943	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	944
	945	!
[2265]	946	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	947	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	948	DO jp = nys, nyn
	949	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	950	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	951	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	952	ENDDO
[1359]	953	ENDDO
	954	ENDDO
[1]	955	!
[1822]	956	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	957	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	958	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	959	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	960	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	961	#else
[1359]	962	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	963	#endif
	964
[1359]	965	RETURN
[1]	966
[1359]	967	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	968
[1871]	969	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	970
	971	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	972	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	973
	974	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	975	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	976	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	977
	978	USE constants, &
	979	ONLY: pi
	980
	981	USE kinds
	982
	983	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	984	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	985
	986	IMPLICIT NONE
	987
[2122]	988	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	989	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	990	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	991	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	992	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	993	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	994	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	995	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	996	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	997	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	998	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	999	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1000
[1890]	1001	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1002
	1003	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1004	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1005	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1006	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1007
	1008	!
[2375]	1009	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1010	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1011	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1012	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1013	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1014	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1015	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1016	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1017	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1018	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1019	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1020	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1021	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1022	ELSE
	1023	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1024	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1025	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1026	ENDIF
	1027	!
[2312]	1028	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1029	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1030	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1031	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1032	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1033	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1034	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1035	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1036	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1037	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1038	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1039	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1040	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1041	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1042	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1043	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1044	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1045	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1046	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1047	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1048	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1049	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1050	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1051	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1052	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1053	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1054	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1055	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1056	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1057	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1058	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1059	CONTINUE
	1060	ELSE
	1061	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1062	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1063	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1064	ENDIF
	1065
	1066	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1067	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1068	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1069
	1070	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1071	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1072	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1073
	1074	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1075	!
	1076	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1077	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1078	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1079	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1080
[2312]	1081	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1082	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1083	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1084
[2312]	1085	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1086	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1087	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1088	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1089	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1090	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1091	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1092	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1093	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1094
[2312]	1095	!
	1096	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1097	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1098	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1099
[2312]	1100	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1101	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1102	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1103	ELSE
	1104	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1105	ENDIF
	1106	!
[2312]	1107	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1108	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1109
[2312]	1110	ENDDO
[1871]	1111	!
	1112	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1113	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1114	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1115	!-- the simulation.
	1116	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1117
	1118	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	1119	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	1120
[2122]	1121	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1122	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1123
	1124	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1125	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1126	!
[2312]	1127	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1128	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1129	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1130
[2312]	1131	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1132	!
[2312]	1133	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1134	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1135	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1136	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1137	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1138	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1139	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1140	)
[1871]	1141
[2122]	1142	ENDDO
[1871]	1143
	1144	ENDDO
	1145	ENDDO
	1146	ENDDO
	1147
	1148	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1149
[1359]	1150	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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