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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2327

Last change on this file since 2327 was 2318, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
get topograpyhy top index via function call
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 43.8 KB

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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z maronga $
[2318]	27	! Get topography top index via Function call
	28	!
	29	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	30	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	31	!
	32	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	33	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	34	!
[2305]	35	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	36	! Changed error messages
[2312]	37	!
[2274]	38	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	39	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	40	!
[2265]	41	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	42	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	43	!
[2263]	44	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	45	!
[2233]	46	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	47	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	48	!
	49	!
[2224]	50	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	51	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	52	!
[2183]	53	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	54	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	55	!
[2123]	56	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	57	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	58	! Calculation of particle ID
	59	!
[2001]	60	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	61	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	62	!
[1930]	63	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	64	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	65	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	66	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	67	! than one grid length.
	68	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	69	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	70	!
[1891]	71	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	72	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	73	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	74	! initialization.
	75	!
[1874]	76	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	77	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	78	!
[1872]	79	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	80	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	81	!
[1851]	82	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	83	! Module renamed
	84	!
[1832]	85	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	86	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	87	!
[1823]	88	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	89	! Unused variables removed.
	90	!
[1784]	91	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	92	! netcdf module added
	93	!
[2312]	94	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	95	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	96	! used.
	97	!
[1692]	98	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	99	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	100	!
[1686]	101	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	102	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	103	!
[1683]	104	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	105	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	106	!
[1576]	107	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	108	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	109	!
[1360]	110	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	111	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	112	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	113	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	114	!
[1329]	115	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	116	! -netcdf_output
	117	!
[1323]	118	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	119	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	120	!
[1321]	121	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	122	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	123	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	124	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	125	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	126	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	127	! all variable declaration statements
	128	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	129	!
[1315]	130	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	131	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	132	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	133	!
[1093]	134	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	135	! unused variables removed
	136	!
[1037]	137	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	138	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	139	!
[850]	140	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	141	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	142	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	143	! advec_particles),
	144	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	145	!
[829]	146	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	147	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	148	!
[826]	149	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	150	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	151	! array particles implemented as pointer
	152	!
[668]	153	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	154	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	155	! of arrays.
	156	!
[1]	157	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	158	! Initial revision
	159	!
	160	!
	161	! Description:
	162	! ------------
[1682]	163	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	164	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	165	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	166	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	167
[2305]	168	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	169
[1320]	170	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	171	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	172
	173	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	174	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	175	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	176	simulated_time
[1320]	177
	178	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	179	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	180
	181	USE indices, &
[1575]	182	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	183	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	184
	185	USE kinds
	186
	187	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	188	ONLY: init_kernels
	189
[1783]	190	USE netcdf_interface, &
	191	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	192
[1320]	193	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	194	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	195	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	196	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	197	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	198	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	199	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	200	number_concentration, &
[2265]	201	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	202	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	203	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	204	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	205	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	206	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	207	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	208	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	209	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	210	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	211	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	212
[1]	213	USE pegrid
	214
[1320]	215	USE random_function_mod, &
	216	ONLY: random_function
[1]	217
[2232]	218	USE surface_mod, &
[2317]	219	ONLY: get_topography_top_index, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	220
[1359]	221	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	222
[1359]	223	PRIVATE
	224
[1682]	225	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	226	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	227
	228	INTERFACE lpm_init
	229	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	230	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	231
	232	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	233	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	234	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	235
	236	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	237
[1929]	238	CONTAINS
[1359]	239
[1682]	240	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	241	! Description:
	242	! ------------
	243	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	244	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	245	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	246
	247	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	248	ONLY: init_kernels
	249
[1]	250	IMPLICIT NONE
	251
[1682]	252	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	253	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	254	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	255
[2312]	256	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	257	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	258	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	259	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	260	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	261
[1359]	262
[1]	263	!
[150]	264	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	265	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	266	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	267	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	268	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	269	ENDIF
	270
[1359]	271	!
	272	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	273
[1359]	274	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	275	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	276	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	277	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	278	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	279	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	280	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	281	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	282	!
[1]	283	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	284	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	285	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	286	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	287	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	288	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	289	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	290	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	291	ENDIF
[2232]	292	!
	293	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	294	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	295	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	296	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	297	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	298	'with particles'
[2232]	299	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	300
[2312]	301	ENDIF
[2232]	302
[1]	303	!
	304	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	305	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	306	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	307	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	308	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	309	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	310	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	311
[1359]	312	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	313	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	314	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	315
[2182]	316	!
	317	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	318	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	319	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	320	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	321	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	322	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	323	!
[2312]	324	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	325	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	326	div = 1000.0_wp
	327	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	328	div = div / 10.0_wp
	329	ENDDO
	330	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	331	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	332	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	333
	334	ENDIF
	335
[1]	336	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	337	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	338	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	339	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	340	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	341	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	342	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	343	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	344	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	345	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	346	ENDDO
	347
	348	!
[2312]	349	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	350	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	351	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	352	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	353	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	354	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	355
[2312]	356	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	357	ENDIF
	358
	359	!
[2312]	360	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	361	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	362	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	363	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	364	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	365	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	366	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	367	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	368
	369	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	370	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	371
	372	!
	373	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	374	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	375	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	376	!-- negligible.
[2232]	377	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	378	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	379	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	380
[1320]	381	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	382	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	383	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	384	#else
	385	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	386	#endif
[1314]	387
	388	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	389	!
	390	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	391	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	392	!
	393	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	394	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	395	!
	396	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	397	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	398	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	399
	400	height_p = height_p + height_int
	401	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	402
	403	ENDDO
	404
	405	ENDIF
	406
	407	!
[1359]	408	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	409	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	410
[1359]	411	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	412	ibc_par_b = 1
	413
	414	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	415	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	416
[1359]	417	CASE DEFAULT
	418	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	419	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	420	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	421
[1359]	422	END SELECT
	423	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	424
[1359]	425	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	426	ibc_par_t = 1
	427
	428	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	429	ibc_par_t = 2
[2312]	430
[1359]	431	CASE DEFAULT
	432	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	433	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	434	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	435
[1359]	436	END SELECT
	437	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	438
	439	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	440	ibc_par_lr = 0
	441
	442	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	443	ibc_par_lr = 1
	444
	445	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	446	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2312]	447
[1359]	448	CASE DEFAULT
	449	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	450	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	451	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	452
[1359]	453	END SELECT
	454	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	455
	456	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	457	ibc_par_ns = 0
	458
	459	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	460	ibc_par_ns = 1
	461
	462	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	463	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2312]	464
[1359]	465	CASE DEFAULT
	466	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	467	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	468	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	469
[1359]	470	END SELECT
[2263]	471	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	472
[2263]	473	CASE ( 'const' )
	474	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	475
[2263]	476	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	477	i_splitting_mode = 2
	478
	479	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	480	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	481
[2263]	482	CASE DEFAULT
	483	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	484	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	485	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	486
[2263]	487	END SELECT
	488	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	489
[2263]	490	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	491	isf = 1
	492
	493	CASE ( 'log' )
	494	isf = 2
	495
	496	CASE ( 'exp' )
	497	isf = 3
[2312]	498
[2263]	499	CASE DEFAULT
	500	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	501	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	502	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	503
[2263]	504	END SELECT
	505
[2312]	506
[1359]	507	!
[828]	508	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	509	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	510
	511	!
[1]	512	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	513	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	514	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	515	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	516
[849]	517	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	518
	519	ELSE
	520
	521	!
	522	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	523	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	524	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	525	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	526
[1359]	527	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	528
	529	sort_count = 0
[1359]	530	prt_count = 0
[792]	531
[1]	532	!
[2312]	533	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	534	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	535
	536	!
[1]	537	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	538	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	539	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	540	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	541	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	542	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	543	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	544	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	545
[1359]	546	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	547
	548	!
	549	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	550	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	551	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	552	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	553	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	554	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	555	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	556	ENDIF
[1359]	557	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	558	ENDDO
	559
	560	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	561	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	562	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	563	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	564	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	565	ENDIF
	566	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	567	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	568	ENDDO
	569
	570	!
[1359]	571	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	572	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	573	!-- different on the different PEs.
	574	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	575
[1725]	576	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	577	!
	578	!-- User modification of initial particles
	579	CALL user_lpm_init
	580
	581	!
	582	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	583	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	584	CALL check_open( 80 )
	585	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	586	number_of_particles
[1359]	587	CALL close_file( 80 )
	588	ENDIF
	589
	590	ENDIF
	591
	592	!
[2312]	593	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	594	!-- first grid cell
	595	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	596	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	597	!
	598	!-- Formats
	599	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	600
	601	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	602
[1682]	603	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	604	! Description:
	605	! ------------
	606	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	607	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	608	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	609
	610	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	611	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	612
	613	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	614	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	615
[1871]	616	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	617	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	618
[1359]	619	IMPLICIT NONE
	620
[1929]	621	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	622	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	623	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	624	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	625	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	626	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	627	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	628	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	629	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	630	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	631	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	632
[1929]	633	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	634
[1929]	635	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	636	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	637
[1929]	638	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	639
[2312]	640	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	641	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	642	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	643	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	644
[1929]	645	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	646
	647	!
	648	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	649	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	650	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	651	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	652	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	653	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	654	ELSE
	655	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	656	ENDIF
	657
[2182]	658	!
	659	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	660	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	661	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	662	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	663	END IF
	664
[1]	665	n = 0
	666	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	667
	668	pos_z = psb(i)
	669
	670	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	671
[2223]	672	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	673
	674
[2223]	675	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	676
[2223]	677	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	678
[2223]	679	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	680	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	681
[2223]	682	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	683
[2223]	684	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	685
[2312]	686	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
[2223]	687	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
	688
	689	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	690
[2305]	691
[2223]	692	n = n + 1
	693	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	694	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	695	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	696	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	697	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	698	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	699	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	700	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	701	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	702	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	703	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	704	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	705	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	706	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	707	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	708	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	709	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	710	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	711	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	712	ELSE
	713	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	714	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	715	ENDIF
[2223]	716	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	717	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	718	tmp_particle%class = 1
	719	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	720	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	721	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	722	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	723	!
[2223]	724	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2232]	725	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[2223]	726	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	727	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[2232]	728	!
	729	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	730	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
	731	k_surf = get_topography_top_index( j, i, 'w' )
[1]	732
[2223]	733	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	734	!
[2223]	735	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	736	kp = kp + k_surf
	737	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	738	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	739	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	740	!-- of overhanging structures.
	741	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	742	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	743	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	744	CYCLE xloop
	745	ENDIF
[2232]	746	!
[2312]	747	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	748	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	749	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	750	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	751	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	752	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	753	THEN
[1575]	754	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	755	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	756	ENDIF
	757
[2223]	758	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	759
[2223]	760	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	761	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	762	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	763	ENDIF
	764	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	765	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	766	ENDIF
	767	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	768
[1359]	769	ENDIF
[2223]	770	ENDDO
[1929]	771
[2223]	772	ENDIF
[1]	773
[2223]	774	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	775
[2223]	776	ENDDO xloop
[1]	777
[2223]	778	ENDIF
[1]	779
[2223]	780	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	781
[2223]	782	ENDDO
[1]	783
[2223]	784	ENDIF
[1]	785
	786	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	787
	788	ENDDO
	789
	790	ENDDO
	791
[1359]	792	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	793	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	794	DO jp = nys, nyn
	795	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	796	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	797	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	798	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	799	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	800	min_nr_particle )
	801	ELSE
	802	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	803	ENDIF
	804	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	805	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	806	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	807	ENDDO
	808	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	809	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	810	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	811	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	812	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	813	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	814	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	815	ENDIF
	816	ENDIF
	817	ENDIF
	818	ENDDO
	819	ENDDO
	820	ENDDO
	821	ENDIF
[1929]	822
[1359]	823	ENDDO
[1]	824
[2182]	825
	826
[1359]	827	local_start = prt_count+1
	828	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	829
[1]	830	!
[2122]	831	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	832	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	833	DO jp = nys, nyn
	834	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	835	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	836	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	837	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	838
[2312]	839	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	840
[2305]	841	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	842	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	843	!
	844	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	845	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	846	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	847
	848	ENDDO
	849
	850	ENDDO
	851	ENDDO
	852	ENDDO
	853
	854	!
[1871]	855	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	856	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	857	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	858	ENDIF
	859
	860	!
[1929]	861	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	862	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	863	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	864	DO jp = nys, nyn
	865	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	866	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	867	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	868	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	869	!
[2312]	870	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	871	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	872	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	873	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	874	!-- respectively.
[1929]	875	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	876	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	877	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	878	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	879	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	880	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	881	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	882	)
[1359]	883	ENDIF
	884	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	885	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	886	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	887	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	888	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	889	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	890	)
[1359]	891	ENDIF
	892	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	893	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	894	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	895	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	896	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	897	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	898	)
[1359]	899	ENDIF
	900	ENDDO
[1]	901	!
[1929]	902	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	903	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[1359]	904	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
[1929]	905	!
	906	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	907	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	908	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	909	particles => &
	910	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	911	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	912	i = ( particles(n)%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	913	j = ( particles(n)%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2232]	914	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	915	!
	916	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	917	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	918	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	919	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	920	ENDIF
[2232]	921
[1929]	922	ENDDO
[1359]	923	ENDDO
	924	ENDDO
	925	ENDDO
[1]	926	!
[1359]	927	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	928	CALL lpm_move_particle
	929	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	930
[1359]	931	ENDIF
[1]	932	!
[2312]	933	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	934	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	935	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	936	!-- position.
	937	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	938
	939	!
[2265]	940	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	941	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	942	DO jp = nys, nyn
	943	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	944	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	945	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	946	ENDDO
[1359]	947	ENDDO
	948	ENDDO
[1]	949	!
[1822]	950	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	951	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	952	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	953	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	954	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	955	#else
[1359]	956	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	957	#endif
	958
[1359]	959	RETURN
[1]	960
[1359]	961	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	962
[1871]	963	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	964
	965	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	966	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	967
	968	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2122]	969	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l, r_v
[1871]	970
	971	USE constants, &
	972	ONLY: pi
	973
	974	USE kinds
	975
	976	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	977	ONLY: aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	978	molecular_weight_of_water, na, rho_s, rm, vanthoff
[1871]	979
	980	IMPLICIT NONE
	981
[2122]	982	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	983	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	984	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	985	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	986	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	987	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	988	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	989	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	990	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	991	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	992	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	993	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	994
[1890]	995	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	996
	997	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	998	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	999	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1000	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1001
	1002	!
[2312]	1003	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1004	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1005	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1006	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1007	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1008	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1009	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1010	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1011	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1012	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1013	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1014	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1015	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1016	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1017	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1018	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1019	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1020	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1021	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1022	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1023	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1024	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1025	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1026	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1027	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1028	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1029	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1030	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1031	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1032	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1033	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1034	CONTINUE
	1035	ELSE
	1036	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1037	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1038	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1039	ENDIF
	1040
	1041	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1042	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1043	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1044
	1045	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1046	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1047	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1048
	1049	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1050	!
	1051	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1052	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1053	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1054	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1055
[2312]	1056	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1057	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1058	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1059
[2312]	1060	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1061	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1062	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1063	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1064	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1065	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1066	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1067	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1068	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1069
[2312]	1070	!
	1071	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1072	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1073	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1074
[2312]	1075	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1076	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1077	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1078	ELSE
	1079	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1080	ENDIF
	1081	!
[2312]	1082	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1083	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1084
[2312]	1085	ENDDO
[1871]	1086	!
	1087	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1088	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1089	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1090	!-- the simulation.
	1091	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1092
	1093	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	1094	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	1095
[2122]	1096	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1097	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1098
	1099	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1100	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1101	!
[2312]	1102	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1103	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1104	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1105
[2312]	1106	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1107	!
[2312]	1108	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1109	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1110	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1111	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1112	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1113	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1114	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1115	)
[1871]	1116
[2122]	1117	ENDDO
[1871]	1118
	1119	ENDDO
	1120	ENDDO
	1121	ENDDO
	1122
	1123	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1124
[1359]	1125	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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