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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 1881

Last change on this file since 1881 was 1874, checked in by maronga, 9 years ago
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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[1036]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1818]	16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1036]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
[254]	19	! Current revisions:
[1]	20	! -----------------
[1851]	21	!
[1874]	22	!
[1321]	23	! Former revisions:
	24	! -----------------
	25	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 1874 2016-04-18 14:51:10Z hoffmann $
	26	!
[1874]	27	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
	28	! Module renamed (removed _mod)
	29
	30	!
[1872]	31	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	32	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	33	!
[1851]	34	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	35	! Module renamed
	36	!
[1832]	37	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	38	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	39	!
[1823]	40	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	41	! Unused variables removed.
	42	!
[1784]	43	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	44	! netcdf module added
	45	!
[1726]	46	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	47	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
	48	! used.
	49	!
[1692]	50	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	51	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	52	!
[1686]	53	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	54	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	55	!
[1683]	56	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	57	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	58	!
[1576]	59	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	60	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	61	!
[1360]	62	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
	63	! New particle structure integrated.
	64	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	65	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
	66	!
[1329]	67	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	68	! -netcdf_output
	69	!
[1323]	70	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	71	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	72	!
[1321]	73	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	74	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	75	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	76	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	77	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	78	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	79	! all variable declaration statements
	80	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	81	!
[1315]	82	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
	83	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
	84	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	85	!
[1093]	86	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	87	! unused variables removed
	88	!
[1037]	89	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	90	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	91	!
[850]	92	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	93	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	94	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	95	! advec_particles),
	96	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	97	!
[829]	98	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	99	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	100	!
[826]	101	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	102	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	103	! array particles implemented as pointer
	104	!
[668]	105	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
	106	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
	107	! of arrays.
	108	!
[1]	109	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	110	! Initial revision
	111	!
	112	!
	113	! Description:
	114	! ------------
[1682]	115	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	116	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	117	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	118	MODULE lpm_init_mod
	119
[1]	120
[1320]	121	USE arrays_3d, &
	122	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw, z0
	123
	124	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	125	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[1783]	126	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
[1320]	127
	128	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	129	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	130
	131	USE indices, &
[1575]	132	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
	133	nzb_w_inner, nzt
[1320]	134
	135	USE kinds
	136
	137	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	138	ONLY: init_kernels
	139
[1783]	140	USE netcdf_interface, &
	141	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	142
[1320]	143	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	144	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	145	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[1831]	146	curvature_solution_effects, &
[1822]	147	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
[1359]	148	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
	149	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	150	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
[1822]	151	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
	152	number_of_particles, &
[1320]	153	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	154	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	155	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	156	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[1822]	157	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
[1359]	158	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
[1320]	159	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
[1822]	160	seed_follows_topography, sort_count, &
	161	total_number_of_particles, &
	162	use_sgs_for_particles, &
[1359]	163	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
	164	z0_av_global
[1320]	165
[1]	166	USE pegrid
	167
[1320]	168	USE random_function_mod, &
	169	ONLY: random_function
[1]	170
[1359]	171	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	172
[1359]	173	PRIVATE
	174
[1682]	175	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	176	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	177
	178	INTERFACE lpm_init
	179	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	180	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	181
	182	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	183	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	184	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	185
	186	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	187
	188	CONTAINS
	189
[1682]	190	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	191	! Description:
	192	! ------------
	193	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	194	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	195	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	196
	197	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	198	ONLY: init_kernels
	199
[1]	200	IMPLICIT NONE
	201
[1682]	202	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	203	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	204	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	205
[1]	206	#if defined( __parallel )
[1682]	207	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
	208	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
	209	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
[1]	210	#endif
	211
[1682]	212	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	213	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	214	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	215	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	216
	217	#if defined( __parallel )
	218	!
	219	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
[82]	220	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
[1359]	221	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
	222	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
	223
[1]	224	types(1) = MPI_REAL
	225	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
	226	types(3) = MPI_UB
	227	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
	228	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	229	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	230	#endif
	231
	232	!
[150]	233	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	234	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	235	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	236	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	237	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	238	ENDIF
	239
[1359]	240	!
	241	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	242
[1359]	243	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	244	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	245	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	246	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	247	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	248	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	249	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	250	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	251	!
[1]	252	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	253	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	254	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	255	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	256	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	257	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	258	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	259	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	260	ENDIF
	261
	262	!
	263	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	264	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	265	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	266	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	267	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	268	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	269	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	270
[1359]	271	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	272	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	273	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	274
	275	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	276	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	277	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	278	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	279	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	280	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	281	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	282	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	283	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	284	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	285	ENDDO
	286
	287	!
[849]	288	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities
[1822]	289	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	290	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	291	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	292	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	293	ENDIF
	294
	295	!
[1314]	296	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
	297	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
	298	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	299	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	300	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
	301	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	302	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	303	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[1314]	304
	305	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
	306	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
	307
	308	!
	309	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
	310	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	311	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	312	!-- negligible.
	313	z0_av_local = SUM( z0(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1359]	314	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	315
[1320]	316	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	317	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	318	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	319	#else
	320	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	321	#endif
[1314]	322
	323	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	324	!
	325	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	326	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	327	!
	328	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	329	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	330	!
	331	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1359]	332	height_p = 0.0_wp
[1314]	333	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	334
	335	height_p = height_p + height_int
	336	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	337
	338	ENDDO
	339
	340
	341	ENDIF
	342
	343	!
[1359]	344	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	345	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
	346
	347	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	348	ibc_par_b = 1
	349
	350	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	351	ibc_par_b = 2
	352
	353	CASE DEFAULT
	354	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	355	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	356	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	357
	358	END SELECT
	359	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
	360
	361	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	362	ibc_par_t = 1
	363
	364	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	365	ibc_par_t = 2
	366
	367	CASE DEFAULT
	368	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	369	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	370	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	371
	372	END SELECT
	373	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	374
	375	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	376	ibc_par_lr = 0
	377
	378	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	379	ibc_par_lr = 1
	380
	381	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	382	ibc_par_lr = 2
	383
	384	CASE DEFAULT
	385	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	386	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	387	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	388
	389	END SELECT
	390	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	391
	392	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	393	ibc_par_ns = 0
	394
	395	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	396	ibc_par_ns = 1
	397
	398	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	399	ibc_par_ns = 2
	400
	401	CASE DEFAULT
	402	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	403	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	404	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	405
	406	END SELECT
	407
	408	!
[828]	409	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	410	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	411
	412	!
[1]	413	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	414	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	415	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	416	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	417
[849]	418	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	419
	420	ELSE
	421
	422	!
	423	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	424	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	425	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	426	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	427
[1359]	428	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
	429	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	430
	431	sort_count = 0
[1359]	432	prt_count = 0
[792]	433
[1]	434	!
	435	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	436	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	437	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	438	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	439	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	440	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	441	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0, 0, 0, &
	442	0, .FALSE., -1)
[1822]	443
[1359]	444	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	445
	446	!
	447	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	448	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	449	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	450	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	451	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	452	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	453	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	454	ENDIF
[1359]	455	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	456	ENDDO
	457
	458	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	459	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	460	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	461	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	462	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	463	ENDIF
	464	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	465	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	466	ENDDO
	467
	468	!
[1359]	469	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	470	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	471	!-- different on the different PEs.
	472	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	473
[1725]	474	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
	475
[1359]	476	!
	477	!-- User modification of initial particles
	478	CALL user_lpm_init
	479
	480	!
	481	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	482	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	483	CALL check_open( 80 )
	484	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
	485	number_of_particles, &
	486	maximum_number_of_particles
	487	CALL close_file( 80 )
	488	ENDIF
	489
	490	ENDIF
	491
	492	!
	493	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
	494	!-- first grid cell
	495	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	496	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	497
	498	!
	499	!-- Formats
	500	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	501
	502	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	503
[1682]	504	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	505	! Description:
	506	! ------------
	507	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	509	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	510
	511	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	512	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	513
	514	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	515	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	516
[1871]	517	USE particle_attributes, &
	518	ONLY: monodisperse_aerosols
	519
[1359]	520	IMPLICIT NONE
	521
[1682]	522	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !<
	523	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	524	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	525	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	526	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	527	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	528	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !<
	529	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	530	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !<
[1359]	531
[1682]	532	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !<
[1359]	533
[1682]	534	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !<
	535	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !<
[1359]	536
[1682]	537	LOGICAL :: first_stride !<
[1359]	538
[1682]	539	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !<
	540	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !<
	541	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !<
[1359]	542
[1682]	543	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !<
[1359]	544
	545	!
	546	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	547	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	548	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	549	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	550	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	551	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	552	ELSE
	553	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	554	ENDIF
	555
[1]	556	n = 0
	557	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	558
	559	pos_z = psb(i)
	560
	561	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	562
	563	pos_y = pss(i)
	564
	565	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
	566
[1359]	567	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	568	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	569
	570	pos_x = psl(i)
	571
[1575]	572	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	573
[1359]	574	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
	575	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
[1]	576
	577	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	578
	579	n = n + 1
[1359]	580	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	581	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	582	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	583	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	584	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	585	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
[1822]	586	tmp_particle%dvrp_psize = 0.0_wp !unused
[1359]	587	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[824]	588	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	589	!
	590	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
	591	!-- for Rosenbrock method
[1871]	592	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
	593	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
	594	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused
[824]	595	ELSE
	596	!
	597	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
[1359]	598	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	599	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	600	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[824]	601	ENDIF
[1359]	602	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	603	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	604	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	605	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	606	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	607	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
	608	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	609	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	610	tmp_particle%class = 1
	611	tmp_particle%group = i
[1822]	612	tmp_particle%tailpoints = 0 !unused
[1359]	613	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
[1822]	614	tmp_particle%tail_id = 0 !unused
	615
[1]	616	!
[1575]	617	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[1359]	618	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	619	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1685]	620	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[1]	621
[1575]	622	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
	623	!
	624	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
	625	kp = kp + nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)
	626	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(kp)
	627	IF ( kp > nzt ) THEN
	628	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	629	CYCLE xloop
	630	ENDIF
	631	ENDIF
	632
[1359]	633	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
	634	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	635	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	636	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	637	ENDIF
	638	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	639	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	640	ENDIF
	641	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	642	ENDIF
[1]	643	ENDDO
	644
	645	ENDIF
	646
	647	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	648
[1575]	649	ENDDO xloop
[1]	650
	651	ENDIF
	652
	653	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
	654
	655	ENDDO
	656
	657	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	658
	659	ENDDO
	660
	661	ENDDO
	662
[1359]	663	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	664	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	665	DO jp = nys, nyn
	666	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	667	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	668	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	669	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	670	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	671	min_nr_particle )
	672	ELSE
	673	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	674	ENDIF
	675	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	676	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	677	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	678	ENDDO
	679	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	680	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	681	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	682	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	683	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	684	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
	685	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
	686	ENDIF
	687	ENDIF
	688	ENDIF
	689	ENDDO
	690	ENDDO
	691	ENDDO
	692	ENDIF
	693	ENDDO
[1]	694
[1359]	695	local_start = prt_count+1
	696	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	697
[1]	698	!
[1871]	699	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
	700	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
	701	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	702	ENDIF
	703
	704	!
[1359]	705	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions
	706	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	707	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	708	DO jp = nys, nyn
	709	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	710	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	711	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	712	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1]	713
[1359]	714	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !Move only new particles
	715	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
	716	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
	717	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	718	pdx(particles(n)%group)
	719	ENDIF
	720	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
	721	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
	722	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	723	pdy(particles(n)%group)
	724	ENDIF
	725	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
	726	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
	727	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	728	pdz(particles(n)%group)
	729	ENDIF
	730	ENDDO
[1]	731	!
[1359]	732	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain
	733	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
	734	ENDDO
	735	ENDDO
	736	ENDDO
[1]	737	!
[1359]	738	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	739	CALL lpm_move_particle
	740	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	741
[1359]	742	ENDIF
[1]	743	!
[1359]	744	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	745	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	746	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
	747	!-- position.
	748	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	749
	750	!
[1359]	751	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
	752	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
	753	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	754	DO jp = nys, nyn
	755	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	756	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
	757	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
	758	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	759	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	760	ENDDO
[1359]	761	ENDDO
	762	ENDDO
[1]	763	!
[1822]	764	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	765	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	766	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	767	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	768	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	769	#else
[1359]	770	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	771	#endif
	772
[1359]	773	RETURN
[1]	774
[1359]	775	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	776
[1871]	777	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	778
	779	USE arrays_3d, &
	780	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
	781
	782	USE cloud_parameters, &
	783	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l
	784
	785	USE constants, &
	786	ONLY: pi
	787
	788	USE kinds
	789
	790	USE particle_attributes, &
	791	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	792	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
	793	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
	794
	795	IMPLICIT NONE
	796
	797	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
	798	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
	799
	800	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
	801	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
	802	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	803	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
	804	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
	805	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
	806	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	807	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	808	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
	809	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
	810	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	811	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
	812
	813	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
	814
	815	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	816	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
	817	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
	818	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	819	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	820	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	821
	822	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
	823
	824	!
	825	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
	826	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	827	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	828	DO n = 0, no_bins
	829	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	830	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	831
	832	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
	833	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	834	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	835	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	836	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
	837	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
	838	) )
	839	ENDIF
	840	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	841	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	842	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
	843	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
	844	) )
	845	ENDIF
	846	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	847	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	848	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
	849	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
	850	) )
	851	ENDIF
	852
	853	ENDDO
	854	ENDIF
	855
	856	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	857	DO jp = nys, nyn
	858	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	859
	860	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	861	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	862	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	863	!
	864	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
	865	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
	866	!-- weighting factor
	867	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	868
	869	new_pdf = .FALSE.
	870	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
	871	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	872	ELSE
	873	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
	874	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
	875	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	876	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	877	ENDIF
	878	ENDIF
	879
	880	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
	881
	882	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	883	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	884
	885	DO n = 0, no_bins
	886	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	887	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
	888	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	889	ENDDO
	890
	891	ENDIF
	892
	893	!
	894	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
	895	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	896
	897	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	898
	899	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
	900	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
	901
	902	pdf = 0.0_wp
	903	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	904	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	905	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
	906	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	907	) * &
	908	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
	909	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
	910	) &
	911	)
	912	ENDIF
	913	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	914	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
	915	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	916	) * &
	917	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
	918	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
	919	) &
	920	)
	921	ENDIF
	922	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	923	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
	924	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	925	) * &
	926	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
	927	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
	928	) &
	929	)
	930	ENDIF
	931
	932	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
	933	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
	934
	935	END DO
	936	!
	937	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
	938	!-- in every grid box
	939	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
	940
	941	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
	942	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
	943	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
	944
	945	ENDIF
	946	!
	947	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
	948	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
	949	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	950
	951	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	952
	953	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
	954	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
	955	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
	956	ENDDO
	957	!
	958	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
	959	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
	960	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
	961	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
	962	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
	963	EXIT
	964	ENDIF
	965	ENDDO
	966
	967	ENDDO
	968
	969	ENDIF
	970
	971	!
	972	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	973	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
	974	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
	975	!-- the simulation.
	976	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	977
	978	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	979	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	980
	981	!
	982	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. In (super-)
	983	!-- saturated air, the inital radius is used.
	984	IF ( e_a / e_s < 1.0_wp ) THEN
	985
	986	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	987
	988	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	989	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
	990	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
	991	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
	992	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
	993	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
	994
	995	ENDDO
	996
	997	ENDIF
	998
	999	ENDDO
	1000	ENDDO
	1001	ENDDO
	1002	!
	1003	!-- Deallocate used arrays
	1004	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1005	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
	1006
	1007	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1008
[1359]	1009	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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