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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 2245

Last change on this file since 2245 was 2242, checked in by maronga, 7 years ago
revised number of soil layers. added support for RRTMG runs with dry atmosphere/soil
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 171.8 KB

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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 2242 2017-06-01 14:12:31Z schwenkel $
27	! Changed soil configuration to 8 layers. The number of soil layers is now
28	! freely adjustable via the NAMELIST.
29	!
30	! 2237 2017-05-31 10:34:53Z suehring
31	! Bugfix in write restart data
32	!
33	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
34	!
35	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
36	! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept
37	! - now, also vertical walls are possible
38	! - for vertical walls, parametrization of r_a (aerodynamic resisistance) is
39	! implemented.
40	!
41	! Add check for soil moisture, it must not exceed its saturation value.
42	!
43	! 2149 2017-02-09 16:57:03Z scharf
44	! Land surface parameters II corrected for veg_type 18 and 19
45	!
46	! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop
47	! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean
48	!
49	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
50	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
51	!
52	! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga
53	! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set.
54	!
55	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
56	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
57	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
58	!
59	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
60	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
61	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
62	!
63	!
64	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
65	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
66	!
67	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
68	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
69	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
70	!
71	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
72	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
73	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
74	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
75	!
76	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
77	! prr moved to arrays_3d
78	!
79	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
80	! Cleanup after modularization
81	!
82	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
83	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
84	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
85	!
86	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
87	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
88	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
89	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
90	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
91	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
92	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
93	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
94	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
95	! Syntax layout improved.
96	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
97	!
98	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
99	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
100	!
101	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
102	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
103	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
104	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
105	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
106	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
107	!
108	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
109	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
110	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
111	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
112	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
113	! Added todo action
114	!
115	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
116	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
117	!
118	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
119	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
120	! Replaced rif with ol
121	!
122	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
123	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
124	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
125	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
126	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
127	!
128	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
129	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
130	!
131	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
132	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
133	!
134	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
135	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
136	!
137	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
138	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
139	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
140	!
141	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
142	! Added output of r_a and r_s
143	!
144	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
145	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
146	! profile
147	!
148	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
149	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
150	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
151	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
152	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
153	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
154	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
155	! calculation
156	!
157	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
158	!
159	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
160	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
161	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
162	! Added support for dry runs.
163	!
164	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
165	! Initial revision
166	!
167	!
168	! Description:
169	! ------------
170	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
171	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
172	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
173	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
174	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
175	!>
176	!> @todo Restart data for vertical natural land-surfaces
177	!> @todo Extensive verification energy-balance solver for vertical surfaces,
178	!> e.g. parametrization of r_a
179	!> @todo Revise single land-surface processes for vertical surfaces, e.g.
180	!> treatment of humidity, etc.
181	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
182	!> skin layer.
183	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
184	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
185	!> nzt_soil=3)).
186	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
187	!> with considerable precipitation.
188	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
189	!>
190	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
191	!> become too thin.
192	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
193	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
194
195	USE arrays_3d, &
196	ONLY: hyp, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, vpt, u, v, w
197
198	USE cloud_parameters, &
199	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
200
201	USE control_parameters, &
202	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
203	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
204	land_surface, max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
205	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
206	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
207
208	USE indices, &
209	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb
210
211	USE kinds
212
213	USE pegrid
214
215	USE radiation_model_mod, &
216	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
217	rad_lw_out_change_0, radiation_scheme, unscheduled_radiation_calls
218
219	USE statistics, &
220	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
221
222	USE surface_mod, &
223	ONLY : surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type
224
225	IMPLICIT NONE
226
227	TYPE surf_type_lsm
228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_1D !< 1D prognostic variable
229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_2D !< 2D prognostic variable
230	END TYPE surf_type_lsm
231
232	!
233	!-- LSM model constants
234
235	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
236	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
237	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
238	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
239	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
240	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
241	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
242	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
243	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
244
245
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: zs_default = & ! default soil layer configuration
247	(/ 0.005_wp, 0.02_wp, 0.04_wp, &
248	0.07_wp, 0.15_wp, 0.28_wp, &
249	1.00_wp, 2.89_wp /)
250
251
252	!
253	!-- LSM variables
254	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (Earth's surface)
255	nzt_soil = 0, & !< top of the soil model
256	nzs = 0, & !< number of soil layers
257	veg_type = 2, & !< default NAMELIST veg_type_2d
258	soil_type = 3 !< default NAMELIST soil_type_2d
259
260
261	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
262	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag to force calling of radiation routine
263	aero_resist_kray = .TRUE. !< flag to control parametrization of aerodynamic resistance at vertical surface elements
264
265	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
266	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
267	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
268	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
269	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
270	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
271	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
272	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
273	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
274	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
275	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
276	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
277	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
278	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
279	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
280	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
281	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
282	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
283	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
284	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
285	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
286	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
287	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
288	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
289	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
290	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
291	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
292	rho_lv, & !< rho_ocean * l_v
293	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
294	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
295	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
296	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
297	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
298	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
299	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
300	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
301
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
303	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
304	dz_soil, & !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
305	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
306	root_extr !< root extraction
307
308
309
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:20) :: root_fraction = 9999999.9_wp, & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
311	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil moisture content (m3/m3)
312	soil_temperature = 300.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil temperature (K) +1
313	zs = 9999999.9_wp !< soil layer depths
314
315	#if defined( __nopointer )
316	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
317	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
318	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
319	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
320
321	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
322	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
323	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
324	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
325	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
326	#else
327	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
328	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
329	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
330	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
331
332	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h_1, & !<
333	t_soil_h_2, & !<
334	m_soil_h_1, & !<
335	m_soil_h_2 !<
336
337	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
338	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
339	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
340	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
341	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
342
343	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET ::&
344	t_soil_v_1, & !<
345	t_soil_v_2, & !<
346	m_soil_v_1, & !<
347	m_soil_v_2 !<
348	#endif
349
350	#if defined( __nopointer )
351	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
352	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
353	m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
354	m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
355
356	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
357	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
358	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
359	m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
360	m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
361	#else
362	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
363	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
364	m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
365	m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
366
367	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h_1, & !<
368	t_surface_h_2, & !<
369	m_liq_eb_h_1, & !<
370	m_liq_eb_h_2 !<
371
372	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
373	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
374	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
375	m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
376	m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
377
378	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
379	t_surface_v_1, & !<
380	t_surface_v_2, & !<
381	m_liq_eb_v_1, & !<
382	m_liq_eb_v_2 !<
383	#endif
384
385	#if defined( __nopointer )
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av
387	#else
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av
389	#endif
390
391	#if defined( __nopointer )
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
393	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
394	#else
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
396	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
397	#endif
398
399	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_h_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), horizontal surface elements
400	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_surface_h_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), horizontal surface elements
401	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_soil_h_m !< t_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
402	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_soil_h_m !< m_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
403
404	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_v_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), vertical surface elements
405	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_surface_v_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), vertical surface elements
406	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_soil_v_m !< t_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
407	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_soil_v_m !< m_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
408
409	!
410	!-- Energy balance variables
411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
412	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
413	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
414	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
415	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
416	lai_av, & !< average of lai
417	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
418	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
419	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
420	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
421	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
422	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
423	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
424
425
426	!
427	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
428	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
429	'user defined ', & ! 0
430	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
431	'short grass ', & ! 2
432	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
433	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
434	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
435	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
436	'tall grass ', & ! 7
437	'desert ', & ! 8
438	'tundra ', & ! 9
439	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
440	'semidesert ', & ! 11
441	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
442	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
443	'inland water ', & ! 14
444	'ocean ', & ! 15
445	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
446	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
447	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
448	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
449	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
450	/)
451
452	!
453	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
454	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
455	'user defined', & ! 0
456	'coarse ', & ! 1
457	'medium ', & ! 2
458	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
459	'fine ', & ! 4
460	'very fine ', & ! 5
461	'organic ', & ! 6
462	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
463	/)
464	!
465	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
466
467	!
468	!-- Land surface parameters I
469	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
470	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
471	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
472	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
473	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
474	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
475	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
476	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
477	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
478	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
479	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
480	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
481	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
482	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
483	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
484	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
485	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
486	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
487	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
488	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
489	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
490	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
491	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
492
493	!
494	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
495	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
496	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
497	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
498	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
499	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
500	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
501	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
502	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
503	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
504	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
505	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
506	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
507	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
508	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
509	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
510	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
511	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
512	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
513	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 18
514	1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, & ! 19
515	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
516	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
517
518	!
519	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
520	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
521	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
522	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
523	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
524	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
525	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
526	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
527	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
528	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
529	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
530	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
531	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
532	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
533	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
534	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
535	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
536	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
537	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
538	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
539	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
540	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
541	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
542
543	!
544	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1-8
545	!--
546	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/&
547	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.108_wp, &
548	0.195_wp, 0.214_wp, 0.284_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 1
549	0.050_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.136_wp, &
550	0.181_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 2
551	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.111_wp, &
552	0.185_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.040_wp, & ! 3
553	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.110_wp, &
554	0.180_wp, 0.199_wp, 0.277_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 4
555	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.105_wp, &
556	0.180_wp, 0.201_wp, 0.295_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 5
557	0.035_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.105_wp, &
558	0.161_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.282_wp, 0.093_wp, & ! 6
559	0.040_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.112_wp, &
560	0.176_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.266_wp, 0.060_wp, & ! 7
561	0.142_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, &
562	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 8
563	0.068_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.177_wp, &
564	0.214_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.070_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 9
565	0.035_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.108_wp, &
566	0.195_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.285_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 10
567	0.025_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.078_wp, &
568	0.147_wp, 0.175_wp, 0.353_wp, 0.126_wp, & ! 11
569	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
570	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 12
571	0.036_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.103_wp, &
572	0.163_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.074_wp, & ! 13
573	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
574	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 14
575	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
576	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 15
577	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
578	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 16
579	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
580	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 17
581	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
582	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 18
583	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
584	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 19
585	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
586	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 20
587	/), (/ 8, 20 /) )
588
589
590	!
591	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
592
593	!
594	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
595	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
596	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
597	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
598	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
599	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
600	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
601	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
602	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
603	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
604
605	!
606	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
607	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
608	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
609	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
610	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
611	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
612	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
613	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
614	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
615	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
616
617
618	SAVE
619
620
621	PRIVATE
622
623
624	!
625	!-- Public functions
626	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
627	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
628	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
629	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
630	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
631	!
632	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
633	PUBLIC aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
634
635	!
636	!-- Public grid variables
637	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
638
639	!
640	!-- Public prognostic variables
641	PUBLIC m_soil_h, t_soil_h
642
643
644	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
645	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
646	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
647
648	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
649	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
650	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
651
652	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
653	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
654	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
655
656	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
657	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
658	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
659
660	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
661	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
662	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
663
664	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
665	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
666	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
667
668	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
669	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
670	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
671
672	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
673	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
674	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
675
676	INTERFACE lsm_header
677	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
678	END INTERFACE lsm_header
679
680	INTERFACE lsm_init
681	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
682	END INTERFACE lsm_init
683
684	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
685	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
686	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
687
688	INTERFACE lsm_parin
689	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
690	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
691
692	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
693	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
694	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
695
696	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
697	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
698	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
699
700	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
701	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
702	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
703
704	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
705	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
706	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
707
708	CONTAINS
709
710	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
711	! Description:
712	! ------------
713	!> Check data output for land surface model
714	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
715	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
716
717
718	USE control_parameters, &
719	ONLY: data_output, message_string
720
721	IMPLICIT NONE
722
723	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
724	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
725
726	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
727	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
728	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
729
730	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
731
732	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
733	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
734	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
735	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
736	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
737	ENDIF
738	unit = 'm3/m3'
739
740	CASE ( 't_soil' )
741	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
742	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
743	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
744	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
745	ENDIF
746	unit = 'K'
747
748	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
749	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
750	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
751	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
752	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
753	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
754	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
755	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
756	ENDIF
757	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
758	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
759	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
760	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
761	ENDIF
762	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
763	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
764	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
765	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
766	ENDIF
767	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
768	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
769	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
770	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
771	ENDIF
772	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
773	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
774	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
775	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
776	ENDIF
777	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
778	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
779	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
780	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
781	ENDIF
782	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
783	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
784	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
785	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
786	ENDIF
787	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
788	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
789	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
790	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
791	ENDIF
792	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
793	THEN
794	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
795	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
796	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
797	ENDIF
798	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
799	THEN
800	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
801	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
802	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
803	ENDIF
804	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
805	THEN
806	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
807	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
808	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
809	ENDIF
810	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
811	THEN
812	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
813	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
814	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
815	ENDIF
816	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
817	THEN
818	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
819	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
820	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
821	ENDIF
822
823	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
824	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
825	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
826	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
827	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
828	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
829	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
830	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
831	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
832	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
833	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
834	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
835	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
836
837	CASE DEFAULT
838	unit = 'illegal'
839
840	END SELECT
841
842
843	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
844
845
846	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
847	! Description:
848	! ------------
849	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
850	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
851	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
852
853	USE control_parameters, &
854	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
855
856	USE indices
857
858	USE profil_parameter
859
860	USE statistics
861
862	IMPLICIT NONE
863
864	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
865	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
866	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
867
868	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
869	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
870
871	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
872
873	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
874	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
875	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
876	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
877	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
878	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
879	ELSE
880	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
881	dopr_unit = 'K'
882	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
883	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
884	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
885	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
886	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
887	ENDIF
888	unit = dopr_unit
889	ENDIF
890
891	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
892	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
893	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
894	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
895	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
896	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
897	ELSE
898	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
899	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
900	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
901	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
902	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
903	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
904	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
905	ENDIF
906	unit = dopr_unit
907	ENDIF
908
909
910	CASE DEFAULT
911	unit = 'illegal'
912
913	END SELECT
914
915
916	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
917
918
919	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
920	! Description:
921	! ------------
922	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
923	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
924	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
925
926	USE control_parameters, &
927	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
928	most_method
929
930	USE radiation_model_mod, &
931	ONLY: radiation
932
933
934	IMPLICIT NONE
935
936	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index, z-dimension
937	!
938	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
939	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
940	!-- model
941	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
942	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
943	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
944	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
945	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
946	ENDIF
947
948	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
949	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
950	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
951	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
952	ENDIF
953
954	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
955	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
956	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
957	'allowed in combination with ', &
958	'most_method = ', most_method
959	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
960	ENDIF
961
962	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
963	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
964	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
965	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
966	'/= 9999999.9'
967	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
968	ENDIF
969
970	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
971	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
972	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
973	'/= 9999999.9'
974	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
975	ENDIF
976
977	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
978	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
979	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
980	'/= 9999999.9'
981	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
982	ENDIF
983
984	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
985	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
986	'requires setting of'// &
987	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
988	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
989	ENDIF
990
991	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
992	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
993	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
994	'/= 9999999.9'
995	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
996	ENDIF
997
998	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
999	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1000	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
1001	'/= 9999999.9'
1002	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1003	ENDIF
1004
1005	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1006	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1007	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
1008	'/= 9999999.9'
1009	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1010	ENDIF
1011
1012	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1013	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1014	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
1015	'/= 9999999.9'
1016	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1017	ENDIF
1018
1019	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1020	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1021	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
1022	'/= 9999999.9'
1023	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1024	ENDIF
1025
1026
1027	ENDIF
1028
1029	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
1030
1031	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1032	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1033	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
1034	'/= 9999999.9'
1035	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1036	ENDIF
1037
1038	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1039	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1040	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
1041	'/= 9999999.9'
1042	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1043	ENDIF
1044
1045	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1046	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1047	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
1048	'/= 9999999.9'
1049	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1050	ENDIF
1051
1052	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1053	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1054	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1055	'/= 9999999.9'
1056	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1057	ENDIF
1058
1059	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1060	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1061	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1062	'/= 9999999.9'
1063	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1064	ENDIF
1065
1066	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1067	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1068	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1069	'/= 9999999.9'
1070	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1071	ENDIF
1072
1073	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1074	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1075	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1076	'/= 9999999.9'
1077	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1078	ENDIF
1079
1080	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1081	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1082	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1083	'/= 9999999.9'
1084	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1085	ENDIF
1086
1087	ENDIF
1088	!
1089	!-- Check for proper setting of soil moisture, must not be larger than its
1090	!-- saturation value.
1091	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1092	IF ( soil_moisture(k) > m_soil_pars(0,soil_type) ) THEN
1093	message_string = 'soil_moisture must not exceed its saturation' // &
1094	' value'
1095	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1096	ENDIF
1097	ENDDO
1098
1099	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1100	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1101	'radiation = .T.'
1102	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1103	ENDIF
1104
1105
1106
1107	!
1108	!-- Determine number of soil layers to be used and check whether an appropriate
1109	!-- root fraction is prescribed
1110	nzb_soil = 0
1111	nzt_soil = 0
1112	IF ( ALL( zs == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1113	nzt_soil = 7
1114	zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) = zs_default
1115	ELSE
1116	DO k = 0, 19
1117	IF ( zs(k) /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1118	nzt_soil = nzt_soil + 1
1119	IF ( root_fraction(k) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1120	message_string = 'manual setting of zs '// &
1121	'requires adequate setting of root_fraction'//&
1122	'/= 9999999.9 ' // &
1123	'and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1124	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0452', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1125	ENDIF
1126	ENDIF
1127	ENDDO
1128	ENDIF
1129
1130	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
1131	IF ( SUM( root_fraction(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
1132	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1133	'requires setting of root_fraction'// &
1134	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1135	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1136	ENDIF
1137	ENDIF
1138
1139
1140	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1141
1142	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1143	! Description:
1144	! ------------
1145	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1146	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1147	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance( horizontal, l )
1148
1149
1150	IMPLICIT NONE
1151
1152	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1153	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for x
1154	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1155	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for y
1156	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1157	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for z
1158	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_rad !< index to access radiation array
1159	INTEGER(iwp) :: ks !< running index
1160	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-facing index
1161	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index concerning wall elements
1162
1163	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< Flag indicating horizontal or vertical surfaces
1164
1165	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1166	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1167	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1168	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1169	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1170	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1171	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1172	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1173	tend, & !< tendency
1174	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1175	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1176	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1177	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1178	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1179	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1180	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1181	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1182	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1183	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1184	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1185	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1186
1187	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface
1188	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface_p
1189	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_surface_m
1190	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb
1191	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb_p
1192	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_liq_eb_m
1193
1194	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
1195	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
1196
1197	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
1198
1199	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
1200	surf => surf_lsm_h
1201
1202	surf_t_surface => t_surface_h
1203	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_h_p
1204	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_h_m
1205	surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_h
1206	surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_h_p
1207	surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_h_m
1208	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
1209	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
1210
1211	k_off = -1
1212	j_off = 0
1213	i_off = 0
1214	ELSE
1215	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
1216
1217	surf_t_surface => t_surface_v(l)
1218	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_v_p(l)
1219	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_v_m(l)
1220	surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_v(l)
1221	surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_v_p(l)
1222	surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)
1223	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
1224	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
1225
1226	k_off = 0
1227	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
1228	j_off = -1
1229	i_off = 0
1230	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
1231	j_off = 1
1232	i_off = 0
1233	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
1234	j_off = 0
1235	i_off = -1
1236	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
1237	j_off = 0
1238	i_off = 1
1239	ENDIF
1240	ENDIF
1241
1242	!
1243	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1244	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1245
1246	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1247
1248	i = surf%i(m)
1249	j = surf%j(m)
1250	k = surf%k(m)
1251	!
1252	!-- Determine height index for radiation. Note, in clear-sky case radiation
1253	!-- arrays have rank 0 in first dimensions, so index must be zero. In case
1254	!-- of RRTMG radiation arrays have non-zero rank in first dimension, so that
1255	!-- radiation can be obtained at respective height level
1256	k_rad = MERGE( 0, k + k_off, radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1257	!
1258	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1259	IF ( .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
1260
1261	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1262
1263	IF ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) >= surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)) THEN
1264	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_s(m)
1265	ELSE
1266	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_u(m)
1267	ENDIF
1268	ELSE
1269
1270	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1271	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1272
1273	ENDIF
1274
1275	!
1276	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1277	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1278	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1279	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1280	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1281	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
1282	qv1 = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
1283	ELSE
1284	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
1285	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1286	qv1 = q(k,j,i)
1287	ELSE
1288	qv1 = 0.0_wp
1289	ENDIF
1290	ENDIF
1291	!
1292	!-- Calculate aerodynamical resistance. For horizontal and vertical
1293	!-- surfaces MOST is applied. Moreover, for vertical surfaces, resistance
1294	!-- can be obtain via parameterization of Mason (2000) /
1295	!-- Krayenhoff and Voogt (2006).
1296	!-- To do: detailed investigation which approach is better!
1297	IF ( horizontal .OR. .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
1298	surf%r_a(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / &
1299	( surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) + 1.0E-20_wp )
1300	ELSE
1301	surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp / ( 11.8_wp + 4.2_wp * &
1302	SQRT( ( ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1303	( ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1304	( ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 ) &
1305	)
1306	ENDIF
1307	!
1308	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1309	!-- stratification
1310	IF ( ABS( surf%r_a(m) ) < 1.0_wp ) surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp
1311	!
1312	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1313	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1314
1315	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1316	!-- night)
1317	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off) + 0.05_wp ) /&
1318	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1319	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1320	!
1321	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1322	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1323	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1324	m_total = 0.0_wp
1325	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1326	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(ks,m) &
1327	* MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(ks,m), surf%m_wilt(m) )
1328	ENDDO
1329
1330	IF ( m_total > surf%m_wilt(m) .AND. &
1331	m_total < surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN
1332	f2 = ( m_total - surf%m_wilt(m) ) / &
1333	( surf%m_fc(m) - surf%m_wilt(m) )
1334	ELSEIF ( m_total >= surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN
1335	f2 = 1.0_wp
1336	ELSE
1337	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1338	ENDIF
1339	!
1340	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1341	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) &
1342	- 273.16_wp ) / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) )
1343	!
1344	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1345	IF ( surf%g_d(m) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1346	!
1347	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1348	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1349	f3 = EXP ( - surf%g_d(m) * (e_s - e) )
1350	ELSE
1351	f3 = 1.0_wp
1352	ENDIF
1353	!
1354	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1355	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1356	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1357	surf%r_canopy(m) = surf%r_canopy_min(m) / &
1358	( surf%lai(m) * f1 * f2 * f3 + 1.0E-20_wp )
1359	!
1360	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1361	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1362	IF ( surf%soil_type_2d(m) /= 7 ) THEN
1363	m_min = surf%c_veg(m) * surf%m_wilt(m) + &
1364	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) * surf%m_res(m)
1365	ELSE
1366	m_min = surf%m_wilt(m)
1367	ENDIF
1368
1369	f2 = ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) - m_min ) / ( surf%m_fc(m) - m_min )
1370	f2 = MAX( f2, 1.0E-20_wp )
1371	f2 = MIN( f2, 1.0_wp )
1372
1373	surf%r_soil(m) = surf%r_soil_min(m) / f2
1374
1375	!
1376	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1377	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1378	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1379	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1380	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1381	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1382	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
1383	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1384	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1385	ELSE
1386	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( surf%c_veg(m) * surf%lai(m)&
1387	+ ( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) )
1388	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max )
1389	ENDIF
1390	!
1391	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1392	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1393	!
1394	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1395	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1396	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1397	surf%r_canopy(m) = 0.0_wp
1398	surf%r_soil(m) = 0.0_wp
1399	ENDIF
1400
1401	!
1402	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1403	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1404	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1405	IF ( surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
1406	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1407	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1408	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / surf%r_a(m)
1409	ELSEIF ( surf%pave_surface (m) ) THEN
1410	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1411	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1412	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_liq(m) / surf%r_a(m)
1413	ELSE
1414	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * &
1415	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_liq(m) ) / &
1416	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_canopy(m) )
1417	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) / &
1418	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_soil(m) )
1419	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * surf%c_liq(m) / &
1420	surf%r_a(m)
1421	ENDIF
1422	!
1423	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1424	!-- transpirate.
1425	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1426	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1427	! ENDIF
1428
1429	f_shf = rho_cp / surf%r_a(m)
1430	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1431	!
1432	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1433	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp) - &
1434	17.269_wp*( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp) &
1435	/ ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1436
1437	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1438	!
1439	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1440	surf%rad_net_l(m) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1441	!
1442	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1443	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1444	!
1445	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1446	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1447	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1448	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1449	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) + lambda_surface &
1450	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1451	!
1452	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1453	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1454	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1455	ELSE
1456	!
1457	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1458	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1459	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1460	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1461	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1462	!
1463	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1464	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1465
1466	ENDIF
1467
1468	tend = 0.0_wp
1469
1470	!
1471	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1472	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1473	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp *&
1474	surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2&
1475	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1476
1477	!
1478	!-- Add RK3 term
1479	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1480
1481	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1482	tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1483
1484	!
1485	!-- Calculate true tendency
1486	tend = ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - &
1487	dt_3d * tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1488	!
1489	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1490	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1491	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1492	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1493	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1494	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1495	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1496	5.3125_wp * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1497	ENDIF
1498	ENDIF
1499	ENDIF
1500
1501	!
1502	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1503	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1504	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1505	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1506	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1507	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1508	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1509	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1510	IF ( ABS( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1511	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1512	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1513	ENDIF
1514
1515	pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn !is actually no air temperature
1516	surf%pt_surface(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn
1517
1518	!
1519	!-- Calculate fluxes
1520	surf%rad_net_l(m) = surf%rad_net_l(m) + &
1521	rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1522	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1523	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m)
1524
1525	rad_net(j,i) = surf%rad_net_l(m)
1526	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * &
1527	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) )
1528
1529	surf%ghf_eb(m) = lambda_surface * ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) &
1530	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) )
1531
1532	surf%shf_eb(m) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - surf%pt_surface(m) )
1533
1534	surf%shf(m) = surf%shf_eb(m) / rho_cp
1535
1536	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1537	surf%qsws_eb(m) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1538	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1539	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1540
1541	surf%qsws(m) = surf%qsws_eb(m) / rho_lv
1542
1543	surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1544	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1545	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1546
1547	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1548	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1549	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1550
1551	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1552	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1553	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1554	ENDIF
1555
1556	!
1557	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1558	IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1559	surf%r_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
1560	ELSE
1561	surf%r_s(m) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1562	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1563	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) / &
1564	surf%qsws_eb(m) - surf%r_a(m)
1565	ENDIF
1566
1567	!
1568	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1569	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1570	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1571	!
1572	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1573	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1574	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1575	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1576
1577	!
1578	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1579	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1580	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1581	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1582	IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1583	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) &
1584	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1585	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1586	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1587	ELSE
1588	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) &
1589	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1590	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1591	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1592	ENDIF
1593
1594	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1595	!-- coverage.
1596	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + ( 1.0_wp &
1597	- surf%c_veg(m) ) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1598	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1599	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1600	ENDIF
1601
1602	!
1603	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1604	IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1605	!
1606	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1607	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1608	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1609	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1610	IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1611	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + surf%qsws_liq_eb(m)
1612
1613	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = 0.0_wp
1614	ENDIF
1615
1616	!
1617	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1618	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1619	!-- plant
1620	IF ( surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1621	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) + surf%qsws_veg_eb(m)
1622	surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = 0.0_wp
1623	ENDIF
1624	ENDIF
1625
1626	tend = - surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) * drho_l_lv
1627	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1628	( tsc(2) * tend + &
1629	tsc(3) * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) )
1630	!
1631	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1632	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1633	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MIN( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m),m_liq_eb_max )
1634
1635	!
1636	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1637	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1638	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MAX( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m), 0.0_wp )
1639	!
1640	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1641	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1642	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1643	surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1644	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1645	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1646	surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1647	5.3125_wp * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m)
1648	ENDIF
1649	ENDIF
1650
1651	ENDIF
1652
1653	ENDDO
1654
1655	!
1656	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1657	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1658	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1659	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1660	#if defined( __parallel )
1661	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1662	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1663	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1664	#else
1665	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1666	#endif
1667	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1668	ENDIF
1669
1670	!
1671	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1672	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1673	CALL calc_q_surface
1674	ENDIF
1675
1676	!
1677	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1678	IF ( horizontal ) CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1679
1680	CONTAINS
1681	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1682	! Description:
1683	! ------------
1684	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
1685	!> that the skin is always saturated.
1686	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1687	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1688
1689	IMPLICIT NONE
1690
1691	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
1692
1693	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1694
1695	i = surf%i(m)
1696	j = surf%j(m)
1697	k = surf%k(m)
1698
1699	!
1700	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1701	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * &
1702	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp ) / &
1703	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) &
1704	)
1705
1706	!
1707	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
1708	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1709
1710	resistance = surf%r_a(m) / ( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_s(m) )
1711
1712	!
1713	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
1714	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1715	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1716	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1717	( q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i) )
1718	ELSE
1719	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1720	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1721	q(k,j,i)
1722	ENDIF
1723
1724	!
1725	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
1726	vpt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) * &
1727	( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) )
1728
1729	ENDDO
1730
1731	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1732
1733
1734
1735	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1736
1737
1738	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1739	! Description:
1740	! ------------
1741	!> Header output for land surface model
1742	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1743	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1744
1745
1746	IMPLICIT NONE
1747
1748	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1749	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1750	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1751	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1752	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1753	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1754
1755	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1756
1757	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1758
1759	t_soil_chr = ''
1760	m_soil_chr = ''
1761	soil_depth_chr = ''
1762	roots_chr = ''
1763	vertical_index_chr = ''
1764
1765	i = 1
1766	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1767	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1768	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1769
1770	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1771	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1772
1773	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1774	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1775
1776	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1777	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1778
1779	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1780	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1781	TRIM( coor_chr )
1782	ENDDO
1783
1784	!
1785	!-- Write land surface model header
1786	WRITE( io, 1 )
1787	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1788	WRITE( io, 2 )
1789	ELSE
1790	WRITE( io, 3 )
1791	ENDIF
1792
1793	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1794	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1795	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1796	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1797	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1798
1799	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1800	' ------------------------------'/)
1801	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1802	', default)')
1803	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1804	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1805	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1806	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1807	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1808	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1809	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1810	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1811	' Grid point: ',A)
1812
1813	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1814
1815
1816	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1817	! Description:
1818	! ------------
1819	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1820	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1821	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1822
1823
1824	IMPLICIT NONE
1825
1826	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1827	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1828	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1829	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1830	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1831	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index surface facing
1832	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
1833
1834	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1835
1836	!
1837	!-- Calculate Exner function
1838	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1839	!
1840	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1841	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1842	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1843	ENDIF
1844
1845	!
1846	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1847	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1848	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1849	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1850	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1851
1852	!
1853	!-- Set initial values for prognostic quantities
1854	!-- Horizontal surfaces
1855	tt_surface_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1856	tt_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1857	tm_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1858	tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1859	surf_lsm_h%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1860
1861	surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1862	surf_lsm_h%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_h%shf
1863
1864	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1865	surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_h%qsws
1866	ELSE
1867	surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1868	ENDIF
1869
1870	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1871	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1872	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1873
1874	surf_lsm_h%r_a = 50.0_wp
1875	surf_lsm_h%r_s = 50.0_wp
1876	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1877	surf_lsm_h%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1878	!
1879	!-- Do the same for vertical surfaces
1880	DO l = 0, 3
1881	tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1882	tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1883	tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1884	tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1885	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1886
1887	surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1888	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_v(l)%shf
1889
1890	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1891	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws
1892	ELSE
1893	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1894	ENDIF
1895
1896	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1897	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1898	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1899
1900	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a = 50.0_wp
1901	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s = 50.0_wp
1902	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1903	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1904	ENDDO
1905
1906
1907	!
1908	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1909	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
1910	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1911	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1912	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1913
1914	surf_lsm_h%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1915	!
1916	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1917	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1918	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1919	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1920
1921	surf_lsm_h%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1922	ENDIF
1923	!
1924	!-- For vertical surfaces
1925	DO l = 0, 3
1926	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1927	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1928	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1929
1930	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1931	!
1932	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1933	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1934	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1935	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1936
1937	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1938	ENDIF
1939	ENDDO
1940
1941	!
1942	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1943	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1944	!-- at the centers
1945	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1946
1947	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1948	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1949	ENDDO
1950	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1951
1952	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1953	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1954	ENDDO
1955	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1956
1957	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1958	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1959
1960	!
1961	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1962	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1963	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1964	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1965
1966	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1967	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1968	ENDIF
1969
1970	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1971	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1972	ENDIF
1973
1974	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1975	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1976	ENDIF
1977
1978	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1979	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1980	ENDIF
1981
1982	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1983	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1984	ENDIF
1985
1986	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1987	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1988	ENDIF
1989
1990	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1991	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1992	ENDIF
1993
1994	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1995	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1996	ENDIF
1997
1998	ENDIF
1999
2000	!
2001	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
2002	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2003	surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2004	surf_lsm_h%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2005	surf_lsm_h%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2006	surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2007	surf_lsm_h%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2008	surf_lsm_h%m_fc = field_capacity
2009	surf_lsm_h%m_wilt = wilting_point
2010	surf_lsm_h%m_res = residual_moisture
2011	surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2012	!
2013	!-- Vertical surfaces
2014	DO l = 0, 3
2015	surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2016	surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2017	surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2018	surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2019	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2020	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc = field_capacity
2021	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt = wilting_point
2022	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res = residual_moisture
2023	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2024	ENDDO
2025
2026
2027
2028	!
2029	!-- Initial run actions
2030	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2031	!
2032	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
2033	t_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2034	m_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2035	m_liq_eb_h%var_1d = 0.0_wp
2036
2037	!
2038	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2039	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2040	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2041	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2042	t_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k)
2043	m_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(:))
2044	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2045	ENDDO
2046	t_soil_h%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2047
2048	!
2049	!-- Calculate surface temperature
2050	t_surface_h%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2051	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2052
2053	!
2054	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2055	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2056	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2057	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2058	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2059	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2060
2061	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2062	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2063	ELSE
2064	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2065	ENDIF
2066
2067	!
2068	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2069	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2070
2071	surf_lsm_h%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2072	surf_lsm_h%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
2073	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_h%us(m) * surf_lsm_h%ts(m)
2074	ENDDO
2075	!
2076	!-- Vertical surfaces
2077	DO l = 0, 3
2078
2079	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2080	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2081	m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
2082
2083	!
2084	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2085	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2086	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2087	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2088	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k)
2089	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(:))
2090	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2091	ENDDO
2092	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2093
2094	!
2095	!-- Calculate surface temperature
2096	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2097	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2098
2099	!
2100	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2101	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2102	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2103	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2104	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2105	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2106
2107	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2108	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2109	ELSE
2110	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2111	ENDIF
2112
2113	!
2114	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2115	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2116
2117	surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2118	surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(m)
2119	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) * surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m)
2120	ENDDO
2121	ENDDO
2122
2123	!
2124	!-- Actions for restart runs
2125	ELSE
2126	!
2127	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2128	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2129	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2130	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2131	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2132	t_surface_h%var_1d(m) = pt(k-1,j,i) * exn
2133	ENDDO
2134	!
2135	!-- Vertical surfaces
2136	DO l = 0, 3
2137	!
2138	!-- Set index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
2139	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
2140	j_off = -1
2141	i_off = 0
2142	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
2143	j_off = 1
2144	i_off = 0
2145	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
2146	j_off = 0
2147	i_off = -1
2148	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
2149	j_off = 0
2150	i_off = 1
2151	ENDIF
2152	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2153	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2154	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2155	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2156	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(m) = pt(k,j+j_off,i+i_off) * exn
2157	ENDDO
2158	ENDDO
2159
2160	ENDIF
2161	!
2162	!-- Initialize root fraction
2163	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2164	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2165	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2166	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2167
2168	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2169	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2170	ENDDO
2171	ENDDO
2172	!
2173	!-- Vertical surfaces
2174	DO l = 0, 3
2175	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2176	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2177	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2178
2179	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2180	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2181	ENDDO
2182	ENDDO
2183	ENDDO
2184
2185	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
2186	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2187	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
2188	ENDIF
2189	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2190	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
2191	ENDIF
2192	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2193	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
2194	ENDIF
2195	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2196	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
2197	ENDIF
2198	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2199	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
2200	ENDIF
2201	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2202	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
2203	ENDIF
2204	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2205	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
2206	ENDIF
2207	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2208	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
2209	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
2210	ENDIF
2211	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2212	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
2213	ENDIF
2214	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2215	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
2216	ENDIF
2217	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
2218
2219	IF ( ALL( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
2220	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2221	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2222	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2223
2224
2225	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2226	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2227	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2228	ENDDO
2229	ENDDO
2230	DO l = 0, 3
2231	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2232	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2233	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2234
2235	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2236	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2237	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2238	ENDDO
2239	ENDDO
2240	ENDDO
2241	ENDIF
2242
2243	ELSE
2244
2245	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2246	z0_eb = roughness_length
2247	ENDIF
2248	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2249	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
2250	ENDIF
2251	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2252	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
2253	ENDIF
2254
2255	ENDIF
2256
2257	!
2258	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
2259	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
2260	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
2261	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2262	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
2263	ELSE
2264	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
2265	ENDIF
2266	ENDIF
2267
2268	!
2269	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
2270	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
2271	!-- First for horizontal surfaces
2272	surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d = veg_type
2273	surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d = soil_type
2274
2275	!
2276	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2277	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2278	surf_lsm_h%lai = leaf_area_index
2279	surf_lsm_h%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2280	surf_lsm_h%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2281	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
2282	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
2283	surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2284	surf_lsm_h%z0 = z0_eb
2285	surf_lsm_h%z0h = z0h_eb
2286	surf_lsm_h%z0q = z0q_eb
2287
2288	!-- Vertical surfaces
2289	DO l = 0, 3
2290	surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d = veg_type
2291	surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d = soil_type
2292
2293	!
2294	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2295	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2296	surf_lsm_v(l)%lai = leaf_area_index
2297	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2298	surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2299	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
2300	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
2301	surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2302	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0 = z0_eb
2303	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h = z0h_eb
2304	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q = z0q_eb
2305	ENDDO
2306
2307	!
2308	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
2309	CALL user_init_land_surface
2310
2311	!
2312	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
2313	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
2314	!-- For now, do not set water surface for vertical surfaces
2315	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2316	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2317	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2318
2319	IF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 14 .OR. &
2320	surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 15 ) THEN
2321	surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2322	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = t_surface_h%var_1d(m)
2323	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 20 ) THEN
2324	surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2325	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = 0.0_wp
2326	ENDIF
2327
2328	ENDDO
2329
2330	!
2331	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only, i.e. only
2332	!- horizontal surfaces)
2333	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
2334
2335	t_soil_h_p = t_soil_h
2336	m_soil_h_p = m_soil_h
2337	m_liq_eb_h_p = m_liq_eb_h
2338	t_surface_h_p = t_surface_h
2339
2340	t_soil_v_p = t_soil_v
2341	m_soil_v_p = m_soil_v
2342	m_liq_eb_v_p = m_liq_eb_v
2343	t_surface_v_p = t_surface_v
2344
2345
2346
2347	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
2348	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
2349	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2350	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2351	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2352	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2353
2354	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
2355
2356
2357	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2358	! Description:
2359	! ------------
2360	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
2361	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2362	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2363
2364
2365	IMPLICIT NONE
2366
2367	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< index indicating facing of surface array
2368
2369	!
2370	!-- Allocate global 1D arrays
2371	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2372	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2373	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2374	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil_stag(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2375	ALLOCATE ( root_extr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2376
2377	root_extr = 0.0_wp
2378
2379	!
2380	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity. Please note,
2381	!-- these arrays are allocated according to surface-data structure,
2382	!-- even if they do not belong to the data type due to the
2383	!-- pointer arithmetric (TARGET attribute is not allowed in a data-type).
2384	#if defined( __nopointer )
2385	!
2386	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2387	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2388	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2389	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2390	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2391	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2392	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2393	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2394	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2395	!
2396	!-- Vertical surfaces
2397	DO l = 0, 3
2398	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2399	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2400	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2401	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2402	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2403	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2404	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2405	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2406	ENDDO
2407	#else
2408	!
2409	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2410	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2411	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2412	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2413	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2414	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2415	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2416	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2417	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2418	!
2419	!-- Vertical surfaces
2420	DO l = 0, 3
2421	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2422	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2423	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2424	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2425	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2426	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2427	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2428	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2429	ENDDO
2430	#endif
2431
2432	!
2433	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
2434	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2435	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2436	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2437	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2438	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2439	!
2440	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2441	DO l = 0, 3
2442	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2443	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2444	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2445	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2446	ENDDO
2447	!
2448	!-- Allocate skin-surface temperature
2449	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2450	DO l = 0, 3
2451	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2452	ENDDO
2453
2454	!
2455	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
2456	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2457	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2458	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2459	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2460	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2461	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2462	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2463	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2464	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%g_d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2465	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lai(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2466	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2467	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2468	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2469	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2470	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_res(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2471	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2472	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2473	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2474	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2475	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2476	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2477	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2478	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2479	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2480	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_a(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2481	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2482	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2483	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2484	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2485	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2486	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2487	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2488	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2489	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2490
2491	surf_lsm_h%water_surface = .FALSE.
2492	surf_lsm_h%pave_surface = .FALSE.
2493	!
2494	!-- Vertical surfaces
2495	DO l = 0, 3
2496	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2497	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2498	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2499	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2500	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2501	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2502	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2503	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2504	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lai(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2505	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2506	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2507	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2508	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2509	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2510	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2511	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2512	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2513	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2514	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2515	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2516	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2517	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2518	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2519	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2520	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2521	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2522	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2523	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2524	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2525	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2526	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2527	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2528	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2529
2530	surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface = .FALSE.
2531	surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface = .FALSE.
2532	ENDDO
2533
2534	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2535	!
2536	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2537	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2538	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2539	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2540	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2541	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2
2542	!
2543	!-- Vertical surfaces
2544	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2545	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2546	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2547	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2
2548	#endif
2549
2550
2551	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2552
2553
2554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2555	! Description:
2556	! ------------
2557	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2558	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2559	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2560
2561
2562	IMPLICIT NONE
2563
2564	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2565
2566	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2567	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2568	conserve_water_content, &
2569	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2570	aero_resist_kray, hydraulic_conductivity, &
2571	lambda_surface_stable, &
2572	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2573	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2574	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2575	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2576	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2577	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2578	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2579	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2580	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2581	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2582
2583	line = ' '
2584
2585	!
2586	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2587	REWIND ( 11 )
2588	line = ' '
2589	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2590	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2591	ENDDO
2592	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2593
2594	!
2595	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2596	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2597
2598	!
2599	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2600	land_surface = .TRUE.
2601
2602	10 CONTINUE
2603
2604
2605	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2606
2607
2608	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2609	! Description:
2610	! ------------
2611	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2612	!> temperature and water content.
2613	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2614	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model( horizontal, l )
2615
2616
2617	IMPLICIT NONE
2618
2619	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2620	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-data type index indication facing
2621	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
2622
2623	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< flag indication horizontal wall, required to set pointer accordingly
2624
2625	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2626
2627	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2628	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2629	tend !< tendency
2630
2631	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
2632	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil_p
2633	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
2634	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil_p
2635	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_soil_m
2636	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_soil_m
2637
2638	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
2639
2640	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
2641	surf => surf_lsm_h
2642
2643	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
2644	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_h_p
2645	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
2646	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_h_p
2647	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_h_m
2648	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_h_m
2649	ELSE
2650	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
2651
2652	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
2653	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_v_p(l)
2654	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
2655	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_v_p(l)
2656	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_v_m(l)
2657	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_v_m(l)
2658	ENDIF
2659
2660	DO m = 1, surf%ns
2661
2662	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
2663	surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) = pave_heat_capacity
2664	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2665	ENDIF
2666
2667	IF ( .NOT. surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2668	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2669
2670	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2671
2672	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = pave_heat_capacity
2673	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2674
2675	ELSE
2676	!
2677	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2678	!-- into account water content
2679	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = (rho_c_soil * &
2680	( 1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m) )&
2681	+ rho_c_water * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) )
2682
2683	!
2684	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2685	!-- layers
2686	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm*(1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m)) &
2687	lambda_h_water ** surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2688
2689	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10( MAX( 0.1_wp, surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) / &
2690	surf%m_sat(m) ) )
2691
2692	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2693	lambda_h_dry
2694	ENDIF
2695	ENDDO
2696
2697	!
2698	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2699	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2700	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2701	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2702	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2703	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2704	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1)&
2705	* lambda_temp(k) &
2706	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2707	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2708	ELSE
2709	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) )&
2710	* 0.5_wp
2711	ENDIF
2712	ENDDO
2713	surf%lambda_h(nzt_soil,m) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2714
2715	!
2716	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2717	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2718
2719	tend(nzb_soil) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) ) *&
2720	( surf%lambda_h(nzb_soil,m) * ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) &
2721	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2722	+ surf%ghf_eb(m) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2723
2724	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2725	tend(k) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(k,m) ) &
2726	* ( surf%lambda_h(k,m) &
2727	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) &
2728	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2729	- surf%lambda_h(k-1,m) &
2730	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k-1,m) ) &
2731	* ddz_soil(k) &
2732	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2733
2734	ENDDO
2735
2736	surf_t_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
2737	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2738	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2739	+ tsc(3) &
2740	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) )
2741
2742	!
2743	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2744	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2745	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2746	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2747	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
2748	ENDDO
2749	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2750	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2751	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2752	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2753	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
2754	ENDDO
2755	ENDIF
2756	ENDIF
2757
2758
2759	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2760
2761	!
2762	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2763	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * psi_sat &
2764	/ surf%m_sat(m) ) * ( MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), &
2765	surf%m_wilt(m) ) / surf%m_sat(m) )**(&
2766	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2767
2768	!
2769	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2770	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2771	!
2772	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2773	!-- (1980)
2774	h_vg = ( ( ( surf%m_res(m) - surf%m_sat(m) ) / &
2775	( surf%m_res(m) - &
2776	MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), surf%m_wilt(m) ) &
2777	) &
2778	)**( &
2779	surf%n_vg(m) / ( surf%n_vg(m) - 1.0_wp ) &
2780	) - 1.0_wp &
2781	)**( 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m) ) / surf%alpha_vg(m)
2782
2783	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( ( ( 1.0_wp + &
2784	( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**surf%n_vg(m)&
2785	)**( &
2786	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m)) - ( &
2787	surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**( surf%n_vg(m)&
2788	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2789	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg &
2790	)surf%n_vg(m) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2791	/ surf%n_vg(m) ) * &
2792	( surf%l_vg(m) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2793	!
2794	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2795	ELSE
2796	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
2797	/ surf%m_sat(m) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2798	ENDIF
2799
2800	ENDDO
2801
2802	!
2803	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2804	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2805	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2806	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
2807	!
2808	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2809	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2810	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2811	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2812
2813	surf%lambda_w(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + &
2814	lambda_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
2815	surf%gamma_w(k,m) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + &
2816	gamma_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
2817
2818	ENDDO
2819
2820	!
2821	!
2822	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2823	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2824	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2825	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2826	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = 0.0_wp
2827	ELSE
2828	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2829	ENDIF
2830
2831	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2832	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2833	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2834	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2835	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2836	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2837	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2838	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2839	!
2840	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2841	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2842	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2843	!-- additional check.
2844	m_total = 0.0_wp
2845	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2846	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN
2847	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2848	ENDIF
2849	ENDDO
2850	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2851	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2852	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN
2853	root_extr(k) = surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
2854	/ m_total
2855	ELSE
2856	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2857	ENDIF
2858	ENDDO
2859	ENDIF
2860	!
2861	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil_h.
2862	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2863
2864	tend(nzb_soil) = ( surf%lambda_w(nzb_soil,m) * ( &
2865	surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) - surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) &
2866	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - surf%gamma_w(nzb_soil,m) - &
2867	( &
2868	root_extr(nzb_soil) * surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) &
2869	+ surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2870	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2871
2872	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2873	tend(k) = ( surf%lambda_w(k,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) &
2874	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2875	- surf%gamma_w(k,m) &
2876	- surf%lambda_w(k-1,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) - &
2877	surf_m_soil%var_2d(k-1,m)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2878	+ surf%gamma_w(k-1,m) - (root_extr(k) &
2879	* surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv) &
2880	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2881	ENDDO
2882	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) &
2883	- surf%lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,m) &
2884	* ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil,m) &
2885	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil-1,m)) &
2886	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2887	+ surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,m) - ( &
2888	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2889	* surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv ) &
2890	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2891
2892	surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
2893	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2894	+ tsc(3) * surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(:,m) )
2895
2896	!
2897	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2898	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2899	IF ( surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) < 0.0_wp ) surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) = 0.0_wp
2900	ENDDO
2901
2902	!
2903	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2904	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2905	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2906	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2907	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
2908	ENDDO
2909	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2910	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2911	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2912	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2913	* surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
2914	ENDDO
2915	ENDIF
2916	ENDIF
2917	ENDIF
2918
2919	ENDIF
2920
2921	ENDDO
2922
2923	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2924
2925
2926	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2927	! Description:
2928	! ------------
2929	!> Swapping of timelevels
2930	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2931	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2932
2933	IMPLICIT NONE
2934
2935	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2936
2937	#if defined( __nopointer )
2938	!
2939	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2940	t_surface_h = t_surface_h_p
2941	t_soil_h = t_soil_h_p
2942	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2943	m_soil_h = m_soil_h_p
2944	m_liq_eb_h = m_liq_eb_h_p
2945	ENDIF
2946	!
2947	!-- Vertical surfaces
2948	t_surface_v = t_surface_v_p
2949	t_soil_v = t_soil_v_p
2950	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2951	m_soil_v = m_soil_v_p
2952	m_liq_eb_v = m_liq_eb_v_p
2953	ENDIF
2954
2955	#else
2956
2957	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2958
2959	CASE ( 0 )
2960	!
2961	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2962	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2963	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2964	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2965	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2966	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2
2967	ENDIF
2968	!
2969	!-- Vertical surfaces
2970	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2971	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2972	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2973	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2974	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2
2975	ENDIF
2976
2977
2978
2979	CASE ( 1 )
2980	!
2981	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2982	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_2; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_1
2983	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_2; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_1
2984	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2985	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_2; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_1
2986	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_2; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_1
2987	ENDIF
2988	!
2989	!-- Vertical surfaces
2990	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_2; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_1
2991	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_2; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_1
2992	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2993	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_2; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_1
2994	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_2; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_1
2995	ENDIF
2996
2997	END SELECT
2998	#endif
2999
3000	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3006	!
3007	! Description:
3008	! ------------
3009	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
3010	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3011	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
3012
3013
3014	USE control_parameters
3015
3016	USE indices
3017
3018	USE kinds
3019
3020	IMPLICIT NONE
3021
3022	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3023	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3024
3025	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3026	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3027	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3028	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3029
3030	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
3031
3032	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3033
3034	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3035	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3036	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3037	ENDIF
3038	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
3039
3040	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3041	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3042	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3043	ENDIF
3044	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3045
3046	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3047	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3048	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3049	ENDIF
3050	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
3051
3052	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3053	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3054	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3055	ENDIF
3056	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3057
3058	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3059	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3060	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3061	ENDIF
3062	lai_av = 0.0_wp
3063
3064	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3065	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3066	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3067	ENDIF
3068	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3069
3070	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3071	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3072	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3073	ENDIF
3074	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3075
3076	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3077	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3078	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3079	ENDIF
3080	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3081
3082	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3083	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3084	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3085	ENDIF
3086	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3087
3088	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3089	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3090	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3091	ENDIF
3092	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3093
3094	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3095	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3096	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3097	ENDIF
3098	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3099
3100	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3101	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
3102	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3103	ENDIF
3104	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
3105
3106	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3107	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
3108	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3109	ENDIF
3110	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
3111
3112	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
3113	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3114	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3115	ENDIF
3116	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3117
3118	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3119	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3120	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3121	ENDIF
3122	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3123
3124	CASE DEFAULT
3125	CONTINUE
3126
3127	END SELECT
3128
3129	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
3130
3131	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3132
3133	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3134	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3135	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3136	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3137	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m)
3138	ENDDO
3139
3140	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3141	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3142	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3143	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3144	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m))
3145	ENDDO
3146
3147	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3148	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3149	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3150	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3151	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3152	ENDDO
3153
3154	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3155	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3156	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3157	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3158	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m)
3159	ENDDO
3160
3161	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3162	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3163	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3164	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3165	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3166	ENDDO
3167
3168	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3169	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3170	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3171	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3172	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m)
3173	ENDDO
3174
3175	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3176	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3177	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3178	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3179	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3180	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3181	ENDDO
3182	ENDDO
3183
3184	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3185	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3186	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3187	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3188	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m)
3189	ENDDO
3190
3191	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3192	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3193	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3194	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3195	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + &
3196	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m)
3197	ENDDO
3198
3199	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3200	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3201	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3202	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3203	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + &
3204	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m)
3205	ENDDO
3206
3207	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3208	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3209	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3210	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3211	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + &
3212	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m)
3213	ENDDO
3214
3215	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3216	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3217	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3218	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3219	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3220	ENDDO
3221
3222	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3223	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3224	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3225	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3226	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3227	ENDDO
3228
3229	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
3230	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3231	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3232	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3233	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m)
3234	ENDDO
3235
3236	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3237	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3238	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3239	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3240	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3241	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3242	ENDDO
3243	ENDDO
3244
3245	CASE DEFAULT
3246	CONTINUE
3247
3248	END SELECT
3249
3250	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
3251
3252	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3253
3254	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3255	DO i = nxl, nxr
3256	DO j = nys, nyn
3257	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3258	ENDDO
3259	ENDDO
3260
3261	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3262	DO i = nxl, nxr
3263	DO j = nys, nyn
3264	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3265	ENDDO
3266	ENDDO
3267
3268	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3269	DO i = nxl, nxr
3270	DO j = nys, nyn
3271	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3272	ENDDO
3273	ENDDO
3274
3275	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3276	DO i = nxl, nxr
3277	DO j = nys, nyn
3278	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3279	ENDDO
3280	ENDDO
3281
3282	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3283	DO i = nxl, nxr
3284	DO j = nys, nyn
3285	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3286	ENDDO
3287	ENDDO
3288
3289	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3290	DO i = nxl, nxr
3291	DO j = nys, nyn
3292	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3293	ENDDO
3294	ENDDO
3295
3296	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3297	DO i = nxl, nxr
3298	DO j = nys, nyn
3299	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3300	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3301	ENDDO
3302	ENDDO
3303	ENDDO
3304
3305	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3306	DO i = nxl, nxr
3307	DO j = nys, nyn
3308	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3309	ENDDO
3310	ENDDO
3311
3312	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3313	DO i = nxl, nxr
3314	DO j = nys, nyn
3315	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3316	ENDDO
3317	ENDDO
3318
3319	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3320	DO i = nxl, nxr
3321	DO j = nys, nyn
3322	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3323	ENDDO
3324	ENDDO
3325
3326	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3327	DO i = nxl, nxr
3328	DO j = nys, nyn
3329	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3330	ENDDO
3331	ENDDO
3332
3333	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3334	DO i = nxl, nxr
3335	DO j = nys, nyn
3336	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3337	ENDDO
3338	ENDDO
3339
3340	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3341	DO i = nxl, nxr
3342	DO j = nys, nyn
3343	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3344	ENDDO
3345	ENDDO
3346
3347	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3348	DO i = nxl, nxr
3349	DO j = nys, nyn
3350	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3351	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3352	ENDDO
3353	ENDDO
3354	ENDDO
3355	!
3356	!--
3357
3358	END SELECT
3359
3360	ENDIF
3361
3362	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
3363
3364
3365	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3366	!
3367	! Description:
3368	! ------------
3369	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
3370	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
3371	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3372	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
3373
3374	IMPLICIT NONE
3375
3376	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
3377	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
3378	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
3379	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
3380	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
3381
3382	found = .TRUE.
3383
3384	!
3385	!-- Check for the grid
3386	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
3387
3388	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
3389	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
3390	grid_x = 'x'
3391	grid_y = 'y'
3392	grid_z = 'zs'
3393
3394	CASE DEFAULT
3395	found = .FALSE.
3396	grid_x = 'none'
3397	grid_y = 'none'
3398	grid_z = 'none'
3399	END SELECT
3400
3401	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
3402
3403	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3404	!
3405	! Description:
3406	! ------------
3407	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3408	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3409	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
3410	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
3411
3412	USE indices
3413
3414	USE kinds
3415
3416
3417	IMPLICIT NONE
3418
3419	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
3420	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3421	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3422
3423	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3424	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3425	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3426	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3427	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3428	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
3429	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
3430
3431	LOGICAL :: found !<
3432	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
3433
3434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
3435
3436
3437	found = .TRUE.
3438
3439	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3440	!
3441	!-- Before data is transfered to local_pf, transfer is it 2D dummy variable and exchange ghost points therein.
3442	!-- However, at this point this is only required for instantaneous arrays, time-averaged quantities are already exchanged.
3443	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3444	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3445	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3446	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3447	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3448	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m) * surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3449	ENDDO
3450	ELSE
3451	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3452	DO j = nysg, nyng
3453	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
3454	ENDDO
3455	ENDDO
3456	ENDIF
3457
3458	two_d = .TRUE.
3459	grid = 'zu1'
3460
3461	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3462	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3463	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3464	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3465	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3466	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3467	ENDDO
3468	ELSE
3469	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3470	DO j = nysg, nyng
3471	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
3472	ENDDO
3473	ENDDO
3474	ENDIF
3475
3476	two_d = .TRUE.
3477	grid = 'zu1'
3478
3479	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3480	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3481	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3482	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3483	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3484	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3485	ENDDO
3486	ELSE
3487	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3488	DO j = nysg, nyng
3489	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
3490	ENDDO
3491	ENDDO
3492	ENDIF
3493
3494	two_d = .TRUE.
3495	grid = 'zu1'
3496
3497	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3498	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3499	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3500	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3501	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3502	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m)
3503	ENDDO
3504	ELSE
3505	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3506	DO j = nysg, nyng
3507	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
3508	ENDDO
3509	ENDDO
3510	ENDIF
3511
3512	two_d = .TRUE.
3513	grid = 'zu1'
3514
3515	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3516	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3517	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3518	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3519	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3520	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3521	ENDDO
3522	ELSE
3523	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3524	DO j = nysg, nyng
3525	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
3526	ENDDO
3527	ENDDO
3528	ENDIF
3529
3530	two_d = .TRUE.
3531	grid = 'zu1'
3532
3533	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3534	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3535	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3536	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3537	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3538	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m)
3539	ENDDO
3540	ELSE
3541	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3542	DO j = nysg, nyng
3543	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3544	ENDDO
3545	ENDDO
3546	ENDIF
3547
3548	two_d = .TRUE.
3549	grid = 'zu1'
3550
3551	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
3552	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3553	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3554	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3555	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3556	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3557	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3558	ENDDO
3559	ENDDO
3560	ELSE
3561	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3562	DO j = nysg, nyng
3563	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3564	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3565	ENDDO
3566	ENDDO
3567	ENDDO
3568	ENDIF
3569
3570	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3571	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3572
3573	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3574
3575	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3576	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3577	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3578	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3579	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3580	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m)
3581	ENDDO
3582	ELSE
3583	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3584	DO j = nysg, nyng
3585	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
3586	ENDDO
3587	ENDDO
3588	ENDIF
3589
3590	two_d = .TRUE.
3591	grid = 'zu1'
3592
3593	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3594	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3595	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3596	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3597	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3598	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m)
3599	ENDDO
3600	ELSE
3601	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3602	DO j = nysg, nyng
3603	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3604	ENDDO
3605	ENDDO
3606	ENDIF
3607
3608	two_d = .TRUE.
3609	grid = 'zu1'
3610
3611	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3612	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3613	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3614	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3615	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3616	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m)
3617	ENDDO
3618	ELSE
3619	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3620	DO j = nysg, nyng
3621	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3622	ENDDO
3623	ENDDO
3624	ENDIF
3625
3626	two_d = .TRUE.
3627	grid = 'zu1'
3628
3629	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3630	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3631	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3632	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3633	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3634	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m)
3635	ENDDO
3636	ELSE
3637	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3638	DO j = nysg, nyng
3639	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3640	ENDDO
3641	ENDDO
3642	ENDIF
3643
3644	two_d = .TRUE.
3645	grid = 'zu1'
3646
3647
3648	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3649	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3650	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3651	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3652	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3653	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3654	ENDDO
3655	ELSE
3656	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3657	DO j = nysg, nyng
3658	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3659	ENDDO
3660	ENDDO
3661	ENDIF
3662
3663	two_d = .TRUE.
3664	grid = 'zu1'
3665
3666	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3667	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3668	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3669	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3670	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3671	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3672	ENDDO
3673	ELSE
3674	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3675	DO j = nysg, nyng
3676	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3677	ENDDO
3678	ENDDO
3679	ENDIF
3680
3681	two_d = .TRUE.
3682	grid = 'zu1'
3683
3684	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3685	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3686	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3687	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3688	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3689	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m)
3690	ENDDO
3691	ELSE
3692	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3693	DO j = nysg, nyng
3694	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3695	ENDDO
3696	ENDDO
3697	ENDIF
3698
3699	two_d = .TRUE.
3700	grid = 'zu1'
3701
3702	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3703	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3704	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3705	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3706	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3707	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3708	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3709	ENDDO
3710	ENDDO
3711	ELSE
3712	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3713	DO j = nysg, nyng
3714	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3715	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3716	ENDDO
3717	ENDDO
3718	ENDDO
3719	ENDIF
3720
3721	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3722	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3723
3724	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3725
3726	CASE DEFAULT
3727	found = .FALSE.
3728	grid = 'none'
3729
3730	END SELECT
3731
3732	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3733
3734
3735	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3736	!
3737	! Description:
3738	! ------------
3739	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3740	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3741	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3742
3743
3744	USE indices
3745
3746	USE kinds
3747
3748
3749	IMPLICIT NONE
3750
3751	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3752
3753	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3754	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3755	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3756	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3757	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3758
3759	LOGICAL :: found !<
3760
3761	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3762
3763
3764	found = .TRUE.
3765
3766
3767	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3768	!
3769	!-- Requires 3D exchange
3770
3771	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3772
3773	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3774	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3775	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3776	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3777	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3778	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3779	ENDDO
3780	ENDDO
3781	ELSE
3782	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3783	DO j = nysg, nyng
3784	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3785	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3786	ENDDO
3787	ENDDO
3788	ENDDO
3789	ENDIF
3790
3791	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3792
3793	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3794	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3795	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3796	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3797	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3798	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3799	ENDDO
3800	ENDDO
3801	ELSE
3802	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3803	DO j = nysg, nyng
3804	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3805	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3806	ENDDO
3807	ENDDO
3808	ENDDO
3809	ENDIF
3810
3811
3812	CASE DEFAULT
3813	found = .FALSE.
3814
3815	END SELECT
3816
3817
3818	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3819
3820
3821	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3822	!
3823	! Description:
3824	! ------------
3825	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3826	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3827	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3828
3829
3830	USE control_parameters
3831
3832	USE kinds
3833
3834	IMPLICIT NONE
3835
3836	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3837	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3838	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3839	ENDIF
3840	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3841	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3842	ENDIF
3843	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3844	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3845	ENDIF
3846	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3847	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3848	ENDIF
3849	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3850	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3851	ENDIF
3852	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_h%var_1d
3853	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3854	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3855	ENDIF
3856	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_h%var_2d
3857	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3858	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3859	ENDIF
3860	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3861	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3862	ENDIF
3863	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3864	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3865	ENDIF
3866	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3867	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3868	ENDIF
3869	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3870	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3871	ENDIF
3872	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3873	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3874	ENDIF
3875	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_h%var_2d
3876	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3877	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3878	ENDIF
3879
3880	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3881
3882	ENDIF
3883
3884	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3885
3886
3887	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3888	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3889	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3890	tmp_2d )
3891
3892
3893	USE control_parameters
3894
3895	USE indices
3896
3897	USE kinds
3898
3899	USE pegrid
3900
3901	IMPLICIT NONE
3902
3903	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3904
3905	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3906	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3907	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3908	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3909	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3910	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3911	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3912	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3913	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3914	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3915	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3916	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3917	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3918	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3919	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3920
3921	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3922	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3923	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3924	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3925	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3926	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3927
3928	REAL(wp), &
3929	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3930	tmp_2d !<
3931
3932	REAL(wp), &
3933	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3934	tmp_3d !<
3935
3936	REAL(wp), &
3937	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3938	tmp_3d2 !<
3939
3940	REAL(wp), &
3941	DIMENSION(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3942	tmp_walltype_1d !<
3943
3944	REAL(wp), &
3945	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3946	tmp_walltype_2d !<
3947
3948	REAL(wp), &
3949	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3950	tmp_walltype_2d2 !<
3951
3952
3953	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3954	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3955
3956	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3957
3958	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3959
3960	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3961	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3962	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3963	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3964	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3965	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3966	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3967	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3968
3969	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3970
3971
3972	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3973	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3974	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3975	ENDIF
3976	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3977	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3978	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3979
3980	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3981	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3982	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3983	ENDIF
3984	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3985	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3986	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3987
3988	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3989	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3990	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3991	ENDIF
3992	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3993	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3994	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3995
3996	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
3997	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3998	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3999	ENDIF
4000	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4001	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4002	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4003
4004	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
4005	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_1d !tmp_2d
4006	m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4007	tmp_walltype_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4008
4009	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
4010	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
4011	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4012	ENDIF
4013	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4014	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4015	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4016
4017	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
4018	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
4019	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4020	ENDIF
4021	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4022	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4023	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4024
4025	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
4026	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d2(:,:)
4027	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4028	tmp_walltype_2d2(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4029
4030	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
4031	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
4032	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4033	ENDIF
4034	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4035	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4036	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
4037	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4038
4039	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
4040	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
4041	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4042	ENDIF
4043	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4044	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4045	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4046
4047	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
4048	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
4049	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4050	ENDIF
4051	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4052	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4053	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4054	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
4055	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
4056	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4057	ENDIF
4058	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4059	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4060	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4061
4062	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
4063	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
4064	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4065	ENDIF
4066	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4067	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4068	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4069
4070	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
4071	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
4072	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4073	ENDIF
4074	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4075	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4076	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4077
4078	CASE ( 't_soil' )
4079	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d(:,:)
4080	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4081	tmp_walltype_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4082
4083	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
4084	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
4085	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4086	ENDIF
4087	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4088	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4089	tmp_3d2(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
4090	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4091
4092
4093	CASE DEFAULT
4094	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
4095	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
4096	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
4097	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0441', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
4098	0 )
4099
4100	END SELECT
4101
4102	ENDDO
4103
4104	READ ( 13 ) field_char
4105
4106	ENDDO
4107	ENDIF
4108
4109	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
4110
4111	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4112	! Description:
4113	! ------------
4114	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
4115	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
4116	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
4117	!> 2012)
4118	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4119	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4120
4121	USE control_parameters, &
4122	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
4123
4124	IMPLICIT NONE
4125
4126	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
4127	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
4128	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
4129
4130	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
4131	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
4132	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
4133	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
4134
4135	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
4136
4137	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
4138	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
4139
4140	IF ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) ) THEN
4141
4142	!
4143	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
4144	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
4145	!-- length
4146	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
4147	!
4148	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
4149	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
4150	!
4151	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
4152	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
4153
4154	!
4155	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
4156	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
4157	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
4158	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
4159	! ENDIF
4160
4161	!
4162	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
4163	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
4164	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
4165	!-- Charnock relation is used.
4166	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4167	surf_lsm_h%us(m) ) &
4168	+ ( alpha_ch * surf_lsm_h%us(m)**2 / g )
4169
4170	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4171	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4172	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4173	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4174
4175	ENDIF
4176	ENDDO
4177
4178	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4179
4180
4181
4182	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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