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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 2237

Last change on this file since 2237 was 2237, checked in by suehring, 7 years ago
Bugfixes in Makefile and land_surface_model_mod
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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 2237 2017-05-31 10:34:53Z suehring $
27	! Bugfix in write restart data
28	!
29	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
30	!
31	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
32	! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept
33	! - now, also vertical walls are possible
34	! - for vertical walls, parametrization of r_a (aerodynamic resisistance) is
35	! implemented.
36	!
37	! Add check for soil moisture, it must not exceed its saturation value.
38	!
39	! 2149 2017-02-09 16:57:03Z scharf
40	! Land surface parameters II corrected for veg_type 18 and 19
41	!
42	! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop
43	! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean
44	!
45	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
46	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
47	!
48	! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga
49	! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set.
50	!
51	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
52	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
53	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
54	!
55	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
56	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
57	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
58	!
59	!
60	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
61	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
62	!
63	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
64	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
65	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
66	!
67	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
68	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
69	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
70	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
71	!
72	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
73	! prr moved to arrays_3d
74	!
75	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
76	! Cleanup after modularization
77	!
78	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
79	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
80	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
81	!
82	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
83	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
84	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
85	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
86	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
87	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
88	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
89	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
90	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
91	! Syntax layout improved.
92	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
93	!
94	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
95	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
96	!
97	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
98	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
99	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
100	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
101	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
102	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
103	!
104	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
105	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
106	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
107	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
108	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
109	! Added todo action
110	!
111	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
112	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
113	!
114	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
115	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
116	! Replaced rif with ol
117	!
118	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
119	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
120	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
121	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
122	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
123	!
124	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
125	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
126	!
127	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
128	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
129	!
130	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
131	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
132	!
133	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
134	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
135	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
136	!
137	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
138	! Added output of r_a and r_s
139	!
140	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
141	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
142	! profile
143	!
144	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
145	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
146	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
147	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
148	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
149	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
150	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
151	! calculation
152	!
153	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
154	!
155	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
156	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
157	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
158	! Added support for dry runs.
159	!
160	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
161	! Initial revision
162	!
163	!
164	! Description:
165	! ------------
166	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
167	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
168	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
169	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
170	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
171	!>
172	!> @todo Restart data for vertical natural land-surfaces
173	!> @todo Extensive verification energy-balance solver for vertical surfaces,
174	!> e.g. parametrization of r_a
175	!> @todo Revise single land-surface processes for vertical surfaces, e.g.
176	!> treatment of humidity, etc.
177	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
178	!> skin layer.
179	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
180	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
181	!> nzt_soil=3)).
182	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
183	!> with considerable precipitation.
184	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
185	!>
186	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
187	!> become too thin.
188	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
189	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
190
191	USE arrays_3d, &
192	ONLY: hyp, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, vpt, u, v, w
193
194	USE cloud_parameters, &
195	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
196
197	USE control_parameters, &
198	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
199	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
200	land_surface, max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
201	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
202	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
203
204	USE indices, &
205	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb
206
207	USE kinds
208
209	USE pegrid
210
211	USE radiation_model_mod, &
212	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
213	rad_lw_out_change_0, radiation_scheme, unscheduled_radiation_calls
214
215	USE statistics, &
216	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
217
218	USE surface_mod, &
219	ONLY : surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type
220
221	IMPLICIT NONE
222
223	TYPE surf_type_lsm
224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_1D !< 1D prognostic variable
225	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_2D !< 2D prognostic variable
226	END TYPE surf_type_lsm
227	!
228	!-- LSM model constants
229	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
230	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
231	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
232
233	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
234	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
235	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
236	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
237	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
238	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
239	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
240	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
241	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
242
243
244	!
245	!-- LSM variables
246	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
247	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
248
249	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
250	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag to force calling of radiation routine
251	aero_resist_kray = .TRUE. !< flag to control parametrization of aerodynamic resistance at vertical surface elements
252
253	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
254	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
255	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
256	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
257	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
258	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
259	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
260	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
261	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
262	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
263	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
264	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
265	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
266	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
267	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
268	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
269	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
270	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
271	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
272	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
273	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
274	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
275	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
276	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
277	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
278	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
279	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
280	rho_lv, & !< rho_ocean * l_v
281	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
282	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
283	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
284	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
285	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
286	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
287	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
288	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
289
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
291	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
292	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
293	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
294	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
295	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
296	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
297	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
298
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
300	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
301	283.0_wp /), &
302	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
303	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
304
305
306	#if defined( __nopointer )
307	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
308	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
309	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
310	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
311
312	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
313	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
314	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
315	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
316	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
317	#else
318	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
319	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
320	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
321	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
322
323	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h_1, & !<
324	t_soil_h_2, & !<
325	m_soil_h_1, & !<
326	m_soil_h_2 !<
327
328	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
329	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
330	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
331	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
332	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
333
334	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET ::&
335	t_soil_v_1, & !<
336	t_soil_v_2, & !<
337	m_soil_v_1, & !<
338	m_soil_v_2 !<
339	#endif
340
341	#if defined( __nopointer )
342	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
343	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
344	m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
345	m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
346
347	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
348	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
349	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
350	m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
351	m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
352	#else
353	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
354	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
355	m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
356	m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
357
358	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h_1, & !<
359	t_surface_h_2, & !<
360	m_liq_eb_h_1, & !<
361	m_liq_eb_h_2 !<
362
363	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
364	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
365	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
366	m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
367	m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
368
369	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
370	t_surface_v_1, & !<
371	t_surface_v_2, & !<
372	m_liq_eb_v_1, & !<
373	m_liq_eb_v_2 !<
374	#endif
375
376	#if defined( __nopointer )
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av
378	#else
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av
380	#endif
381
382	#if defined( __nopointer )
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
384	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
385	#else
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
387	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
388	#endif
389
390	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_h_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), horizontal surface elements
391	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_surface_h_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), horizontal surface elements
392	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_soil_h_m !< t_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
393	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_soil_h_m !< m_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
394
395	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_v_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), vertical surface elements
396	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_surface_v_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), vertical surface elements
397	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_soil_v_m !< t_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
398	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_soil_v_m !< m_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
399
400	!
401	!-- Energy balance variables
402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
403	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
404	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
405	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
406	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
407	lai_av, & !< average of lai
408	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
409	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
410	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
411	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
412	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
413	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
414	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
415
416
417	!
418	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
419	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
420	'user defined ', & ! 0
421	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
422	'short grass ', & ! 2
423	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
424	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
425	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
426	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
427	'tall grass ', & ! 7
428	'desert ', & ! 8
429	'tundra ', & ! 9
430	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
431	'semidesert ', & ! 11
432	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
433	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
434	'inland water ', & ! 14
435	'ocean ', & ! 15
436	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
437	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
438	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
439	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
440	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
441	/)
442
443	!
444	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
445	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
446	'user defined', & ! 0
447	'coarse ', & ! 1
448	'medium ', & ! 2
449	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
450	'fine ', & ! 4
451	'very fine ', & ! 5
452	'organic ', & ! 6
453	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
454	/)
455	!
456	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
457
458	!
459	!-- Land surface parameters I
460	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
461	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
462	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
463	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
464	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
465	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
466	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
467	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
468	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
469	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
470	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
471	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
472	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
473	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
474	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
475	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
476	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
477	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
478	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
479	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
480	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
481	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
482	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
483
484	!
485	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
486	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
487	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
488	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
489	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
490	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
491	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
492	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
493	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
494	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
495	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
496	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
497	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
498	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
499	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
500	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
501	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
502	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
503	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
504	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 18
505	1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, & ! 19
506	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
507	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
508
509	!
510	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
511	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
512	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
513	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
514	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
515	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
516	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
517	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
518	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
519	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
520	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
521	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
522	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
523	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
524	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
525	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
526	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
527	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
528	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
529	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
530	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
531	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
532	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
533
534	!
535	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
536	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
537	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
538	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
539	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
540	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
541	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
542	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
543	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
544	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
545	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
546	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
547	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
548	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
549	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
550	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
551	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
552	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
553	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
554	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
555	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
556	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
557	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
558
559	!
560	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
561
562	!
563	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
564	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
565	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
566	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
567	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
568	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
569	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
570	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
571	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
572	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
573
574	!
575	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
576	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
577	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
578	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
579	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
580	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
581	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
582	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
583	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
584	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
585
586
587	SAVE
588
589
590	PRIVATE
591
592
593	!
594	!-- Public functions
595	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
596	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
597	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
598	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
599	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
600	!
601	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
602	PUBLIC aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
603
604	!
605	!-- Public grid variables
606	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
607
608	!
609	!-- Public prognostic variables
610	PUBLIC m_soil_h, t_soil_h
611
612
613	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
614	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
615	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
616
617	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
618	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
619	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
620
621	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
622	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
623	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
624
625	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
626	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
627	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
628
629	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
630	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
631	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
632
633	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
634	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
635	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
636
637	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
638	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
639	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
640
641	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
642	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
643	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
644
645	INTERFACE lsm_header
646	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
647	END INTERFACE lsm_header
648
649	INTERFACE lsm_init
650	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
651	END INTERFACE lsm_init
652
653	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
654	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
655	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
656
657	INTERFACE lsm_parin
658	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
659	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
660
661	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
662	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
663	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
664
665	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
666	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
667	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
668
669	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
670	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
671	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
672
673	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
674	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
675	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
676
677	CONTAINS
678
679	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
680	! Description:
681	! ------------
682	!> Check data output for land surface model
683	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
684	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
685
686
687	USE control_parameters, &
688	ONLY: data_output, message_string
689
690	IMPLICIT NONE
691
692	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
693	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
694
695	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
696	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
697	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
698
699	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
700
701	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
702	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
703	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
704	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
705	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
706	ENDIF
707	unit = 'm3/m3'
708
709	CASE ( 't_soil' )
710	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
711	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
712	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
713	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
714	ENDIF
715	unit = 'K'
716
717	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
718	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
719	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
720	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
721	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
722	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
723	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
724	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
725	ENDIF
726	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
727	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
728	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
729	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
730	ENDIF
731	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
732	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
733	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
734	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
735	ENDIF
736	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
737	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
738	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
739	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
740	ENDIF
741	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
742	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
743	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
744	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
745	ENDIF
746	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
747	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
748	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
749	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
750	ENDIF
751	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
752	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
753	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
754	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
755	ENDIF
756	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
757	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
758	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
759	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
760	ENDIF
761	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
762	THEN
763	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
764	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
765	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
766	ENDIF
767	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
768	THEN
769	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
770	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
771	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
772	ENDIF
773	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
774	THEN
775	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
776	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
777	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
778	ENDIF
779	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
780	THEN
781	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
782	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
783	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
784	ENDIF
785	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
786	THEN
787	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
788	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
789	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
790	ENDIF
791
792	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
793	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
794	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
795	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
796	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
797	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
798	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
799	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
800	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
801	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
802	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
803	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
804	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
805
806	CASE DEFAULT
807	unit = 'illegal'
808
809	END SELECT
810
811
812	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
813
814
815	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
816	! Description:
817	! ------------
818	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
819	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
820	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
821
822	USE control_parameters, &
823	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
824
825	USE indices
826
827	USE profil_parameter
828
829	USE statistics
830
831	IMPLICIT NONE
832
833	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
834	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
835	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
836
837	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
838	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
839
840	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
841
842	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
843	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
844	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
845	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
846	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
847	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
848	ELSE
849	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
850	dopr_unit = 'K'
851	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
852	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
853	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
854	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
855	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
856	ENDIF
857	unit = dopr_unit
858	ENDIF
859
860	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
861	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
862	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
863	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
864	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
865	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
866	ELSE
867	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
868	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
869	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
870	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
871	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
872	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
873	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
874	ENDIF
875	unit = dopr_unit
876	ENDIF
877
878
879	CASE DEFAULT
880	unit = 'illegal'
881
882	END SELECT
883
884
885	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
886
887
888	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
889	! Description:
890	! ------------
891	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
892	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
893	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
894
895	USE control_parameters, &
896	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
897	most_method
898
899	USE radiation_model_mod, &
900	ONLY: radiation
901
902
903	IMPLICIT NONE
904
905	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index, z-dimension
906	!
907	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
908	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
909	!-- model
910	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
911	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
912	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
913	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
914	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
915	ENDIF
916
917	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
918	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
919	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
920	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
921	ENDIF
922
923	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
924	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
925	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
926	'allowed in combination with ', &
927	'most_method = ', most_method
928	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
929	ENDIF
930
931	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
932	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
933	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
934	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
935	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
936	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
937	ENDIF
938
939	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
940	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
941	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
942	'/= 9999999.9'
943	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
944	ENDIF
945
946	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
947	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
948	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
949	'/= 9999999.9'
950	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
951	ENDIF
952
953	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
954	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
955	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
956	'/= 9999999.9'
957	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
958	ENDIF
959
960	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
961	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
962	'requires setting of'// &
963	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
964	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
965	ENDIF
966
967	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
968	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
969	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
970	'/= 9999999.9'
971	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
972	ENDIF
973
974	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
975	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
976	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
977	'/= 9999999.9'
978	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
979	ENDIF
980
981	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
982	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
983	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
984	'/= 9999999.9'
985	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
986	ENDIF
987
988	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
989	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
990	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
991	'/= 9999999.9'
992	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
993	ENDIF
994
995	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
996	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
997	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
998	'/= 9999999.9'
999	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1000	ENDIF
1001
1002
1003	ENDIF
1004
1005	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
1006
1007	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1008	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1009	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
1010	'/= 9999999.9'
1011	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1012	ENDIF
1013
1014	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1015	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1016	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
1017	'/= 9999999.9'
1018	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1019	ENDIF
1020
1021	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1022	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1023	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
1024	'/= 9999999.9'
1025	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1026	ENDIF
1027
1028	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1029	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1030	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1031	'/= 9999999.9'
1032	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1033	ENDIF
1034
1035	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1036	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1037	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1038	'/= 9999999.9'
1039	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1040	ENDIF
1041
1042	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1043	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1044	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1045	'/= 9999999.9'
1046	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1047	ENDIF
1048
1049	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1050	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1051	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1052	'/= 9999999.9'
1053	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1054	ENDIF
1055
1056	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1057	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1058	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1059	'/= 9999999.9'
1060	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1061	ENDIF
1062
1063	ENDIF
1064	!
1065	!-- Check for proper setting of soil moisture, must not be larger than its
1066	!-- saturation value.
1067	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1068	IF ( soil_moisture(k) > m_soil_pars(0,soil_type) ) THEN
1069	message_string = 'soil_moisture must not exceed its saturation' // &
1070	' value'
1071	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1072	ENDIF
1073	ENDDO
1074
1075	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1076	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1077	'radiation = .T.'
1078	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1079	ENDIF
1080
1081
1082	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1083
1084	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1085	! Description:
1086	! ------------
1087	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1088	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1089	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance( horizontal, l )
1090
1091
1092	IMPLICIT NONE
1093
1094	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1095	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for x
1096	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1097	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for y
1098	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1099	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for z
1100	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_rad !< index to access radiation array
1101	INTEGER(iwp) :: ks !< running index
1102	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-facing index
1103	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index concerning wall elements
1104
1105	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< Flag indicating horizontal or vertical surfaces
1106
1107	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1108	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1109	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1110	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1111	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1112	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1113	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1114	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1115	tend, & !< tendency
1116	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1117	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1118	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1119	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1120	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1121	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1122	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1123	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1124	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1125	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1126	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1127	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1128
1129	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface
1130	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface_p
1131	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_surface_m
1132	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb
1133	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb_p
1134	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_liq_eb_m
1135
1136	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
1137	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
1138
1139	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
1140
1141	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
1142	surf => surf_lsm_h
1143
1144	surf_t_surface => t_surface_h
1145	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_h_p
1146	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_h_m
1147	surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_h
1148	surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_h_p
1149	surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_h_m
1150	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
1151	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
1152
1153	k_off = -1
1154	j_off = 0
1155	i_off = 0
1156	ELSE
1157	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
1158
1159	surf_t_surface => t_surface_v(l)
1160	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_v_p(l)
1161	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_v_m(l)
1162	surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_v(l)
1163	surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_v_p(l)
1164	surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)
1165	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
1166	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
1167
1168	k_off = 0
1169	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
1170	j_off = -1
1171	i_off = 0
1172	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
1173	j_off = 1
1174	i_off = 0
1175	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
1176	j_off = 0
1177	i_off = -1
1178	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
1179	j_off = 0
1180	i_off = 1
1181	ENDIF
1182	ENDIF
1183
1184	!
1185	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1186	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1187
1188	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1189
1190	i = surf%i(m)
1191	j = surf%j(m)
1192	k = surf%k(m)
1193	!
1194	!-- Determine height index for radiation. Note, in clear-sky case radiation
1195	!-- arrays have rank 0 in first dimensions, so index must be zero. In case
1196	!-- of RRTMG radiation arrays have non-zero rank in first dimension, so that
1197	!-- radiation can be obtained at respective height level
1198	k_rad = MERGE( 0, k + k_off, radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1199	!
1200	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1201	IF ( .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
1202
1203	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1204
1205	IF ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) >= surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)) THEN
1206	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_s(m)
1207	ELSE
1208	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_u(m)
1209	ENDIF
1210	ELSE
1211
1212	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1213	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1214
1215	ENDIF
1216
1217	!
1218	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1219	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1220	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1221	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1222	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1223	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
1224	qv1 = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
1225	ELSE
1226	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
1227	qv1 = q(k,j,i)
1228	ENDIF
1229	!
1230	!-- Calculate aerodynamical resistance. For horizontal and vertical
1231	!-- surfaces MOST is applied. Moreover, for vertical surfaces, resistance
1232	!-- can be obtain via parameterization of Mason (2000) /
1233	!-- Krayenhoff and Voogt (2006).
1234	!-- To do: detailed investigation which approach is better!
1235	IF ( horizontal .OR. .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
1236	surf%r_a(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / &
1237	( surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) + 1.0E-20_wp )
1238	ELSE
1239	surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp / ( 11.8_wp + 4.2_wp * &
1240	SQRT( ( ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1241	( ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1242	( ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 ) &
1243	)
1244	ENDIF
1245	!
1246	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1247	!-- stratification
1248	IF ( ABS( surf%r_a(m) ) < 1.0_wp ) surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp
1249	!
1250	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1251	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1252
1253	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1254	!-- night)
1255	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off) + 0.05_wp ) /&
1256	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1257	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1258	!
1259	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1260	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1261	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1262	m_total = 0.0_wp
1263	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1264	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(ks,m) &
1265	* MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(ks,m), surf%m_wilt(m) )
1266	ENDDO
1267
1268	IF ( m_total > surf%m_wilt(m) .AND. &
1269	m_total < surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN
1270	f2 = ( m_total - surf%m_wilt(m) ) / &
1271	( surf%m_fc(m) - surf%m_wilt(m) )
1272	ELSEIF ( m_total >= surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN
1273	f2 = 1.0_wp
1274	ELSE
1275	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1276	ENDIF
1277	!
1278	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1279	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) &
1280	- 273.16_wp ) / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) )
1281	!
1282	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1283	IF ( surf%g_d(m) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1284	!
1285	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1286	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1287	f3 = EXP ( - surf%g_d(m) * (e_s - e) )
1288	ELSE
1289	f3 = 1.0_wp
1290	ENDIF
1291	!
1292	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1293	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1294	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1295	surf%r_canopy(m) = surf%r_canopy_min(m) / &
1296	( surf%lai(m) * f1 * f2 * f3 + 1.0E-20_wp )
1297	!
1298	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1299	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1300	IF ( surf%soil_type_2d(m) /= 7 ) THEN
1301	m_min = surf%c_veg(m) * surf%m_wilt(m) + &
1302	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) * surf%m_res(m)
1303	ELSE
1304	m_min = surf%m_wilt(m)
1305	ENDIF
1306
1307	f2 = ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) - m_min ) / ( surf%m_fc(m) - m_min )
1308	f2 = MAX( f2, 1.0E-20_wp )
1309	f2 = MIN( f2, 1.0_wp )
1310
1311	surf%r_soil(m) = surf%r_soil_min(m) / f2
1312
1313	!
1314	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1315	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1316	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1317	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1318	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1319	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1320	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
1321	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1322	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1323	ELSE
1324	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( surf%c_veg(m) * surf%lai(m)&
1325	+ ( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) )
1326	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max )
1327	ENDIF
1328	!
1329	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1330	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1331	!
1332	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1333	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1334	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1335	surf%r_canopy(m) = 0.0_wp
1336	surf%r_soil(m) = 0.0_wp
1337	ENDIF
1338
1339	!
1340	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1341	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1342	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1343	IF ( surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
1344	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1345	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1346	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / surf%r_a(m)
1347	ELSEIF ( surf%pave_surface (m) ) THEN
1348	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1349	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1350	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_liq(m) / surf%r_a(m)
1351	ELSE
1352	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * &
1353	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_liq(m) ) / &
1354	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_canopy(m) )
1355	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) / &
1356	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_soil(m) )
1357	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * surf%c_liq(m) / &
1358	surf%r_a(m)
1359	ENDIF
1360	!
1361	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1362	!-- transpirate.
1363	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1364	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1365	! ENDIF
1366
1367	f_shf = rho_cp / surf%r_a(m)
1368	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1369	!
1370	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1371	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp) - &
1372	17.269_wp*( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp) &
1373	/ ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1374
1375	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1376	!
1377	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1378	surf%rad_net_l(m) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1379	!
1380	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1381	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1382	!
1383	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1384	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1385	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1386	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1387	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) + lambda_surface &
1388	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1389	!
1390	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1391	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1392	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1393	ELSE
1394	!
1395	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1396	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1397	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1398	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1399	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1400	!
1401	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1402	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1403
1404	ENDIF
1405
1406	tend = 0.0_wp
1407
1408	!
1409	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1410	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1411	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp *&
1412	surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2&
1413	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1414
1415	!
1416	!-- Add RK3 term
1417	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1418
1419	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1420	tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1421
1422	!
1423	!-- Calculate true tendency
1424	tend = ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - &
1425	dt_3d * tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1426	!
1427	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1428	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1429	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1430	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1431	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1432	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1433	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1434	5.3125_wp * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1435	ENDIF
1436	ENDIF
1437	ENDIF
1438
1439	!
1440	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1441	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1442	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1443	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1444	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1445	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1446	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1447	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1448	IF ( ABS( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1449	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1450	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1451	ENDIF
1452
1453	pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn !is actually no air temperature
1454	surf%pt_surface(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn
1455
1456	!
1457	!-- Calculate fluxes
1458	surf%rad_net_l(m) = surf%rad_net_l(m) + &
1459	rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1460	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1461	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m)
1462
1463	rad_net(j,i) = surf%rad_net_l(m)
1464	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * &
1465	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) )
1466
1467	surf%ghf_eb(m) = lambda_surface * ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) &
1468	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) )
1469
1470	surf%shf_eb(m) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - surf%pt_surface(m) )
1471
1472	surf%shf(m) = surf%shf_eb(m) / rho_cp
1473
1474	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1475	surf%qsws_eb(m) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1476	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1477	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1478
1479	surf%qsws(m) = surf%qsws_eb(m) / rho_lv
1480
1481	surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1482	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1483	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1484
1485	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1486	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1487	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1488
1489	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1490	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1491	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1492	ENDIF
1493
1494	!
1495	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1496	IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1497	surf%r_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
1498	ELSE
1499	surf%r_s(m) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1500	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1501	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) / &
1502	surf%qsws_eb(m) - surf%r_a(m)
1503	ENDIF
1504
1505	!
1506	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1507	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1508	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1509	!
1510	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1511	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1512	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1513	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1514
1515	!
1516	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1517	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1518	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1519	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1520	IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1521	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) &
1522	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1523	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1524	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1525	ELSE
1526	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) &
1527	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1528	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1529	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1530	ENDIF
1531
1532	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1533	!-- coverage.
1534	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + ( 1.0_wp &
1535	- surf%c_veg(m) ) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1536	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1537	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1538	ENDIF
1539
1540	!
1541	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1542	IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1543	!
1544	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1545	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1546	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1547	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1548	IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1549	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + surf%qsws_liq_eb(m)
1550
1551	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = 0.0_wp
1552	ENDIF
1553
1554	!
1555	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1556	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1557	!-- plant
1558	IF ( surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1559	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) + surf%qsws_veg_eb(m)
1560	surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = 0.0_wp
1561	ENDIF
1562	ENDIF
1563
1564	tend = - surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) * drho_l_lv
1565	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1566	( tsc(2) * tend + &
1567	tsc(3) * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) )
1568	!
1569	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1570	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1571	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MIN( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m),m_liq_eb_max )
1572
1573	!
1574	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1575	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1576	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MAX( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m), 0.0_wp )
1577	!
1578	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1579	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1580	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1581	surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1582	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1583	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1584	surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1585	5.3125_wp * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m)
1586	ENDIF
1587	ENDIF
1588
1589	ENDIF
1590
1591	ENDDO
1592
1593	!
1594	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1595	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1596	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1597	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1598	#if defined( __parallel )
1599	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1600	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1601	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1602	#else
1603	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1604	#endif
1605	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1606	ENDIF
1607
1608	!
1609	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1610	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1611	CALL calc_q_surface
1612	ENDIF
1613
1614	!
1615	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1616	IF ( horizontal ) CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1617
1618	CONTAINS
1619	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1620	! Description:
1621	! ------------
1622	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
1623	!> that the skin is always saturated.
1624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1625	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1626
1627	IMPLICIT NONE
1628
1629	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
1630
1631	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1632
1633	i = surf%i(m)
1634	j = surf%j(m)
1635	k = surf%k(m)
1636
1637	!
1638	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1639	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * &
1640	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp ) / &
1641	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) &
1642	)
1643
1644	!
1645	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
1646	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1647
1648	resistance = surf%r_a(m) / ( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_s(m) )
1649
1650	!
1651	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
1652	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1653	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1654	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1655	( q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i) )
1656	ELSE
1657	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1658	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1659	q(k,j,i)
1660	ENDIF
1661
1662	!
1663	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
1664	vpt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) * &
1665	( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) )
1666
1667	ENDDO
1668
1669	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1670
1671
1672
1673	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1674
1675
1676	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1677	! Description:
1678	! ------------
1679	!> Header output for land surface model
1680	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1681	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1682
1683
1684	IMPLICIT NONE
1685
1686	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1687	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1688	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1689	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1690	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1691	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1692
1693	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1694
1695	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1696
1697	t_soil_chr = ''
1698	m_soil_chr = ''
1699	soil_depth_chr = ''
1700	roots_chr = ''
1701	vertical_index_chr = ''
1702
1703	i = 1
1704	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1705	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1706	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1707
1708	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1709	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1710
1711	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1712	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1713
1714	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1715	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1716
1717	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1718	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1719	TRIM( coor_chr )
1720	ENDDO
1721
1722	!
1723	!-- Write land surface model header
1724	WRITE( io, 1 )
1725	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1726	WRITE( io, 2 )
1727	ELSE
1728	WRITE( io, 3 )
1729	ENDIF
1730
1731	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1732	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1733	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1734	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1735	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1736
1737	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1738	' ------------------------------'/)
1739	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1740	', default)')
1741	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1742	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1743	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1744	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1745	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1746	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1747	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1748	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1749	' Grid point: ',A)
1750
1751	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1752
1753
1754	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1755	! Description:
1756	! ------------
1757	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1758	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1759	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1760
1761
1762	IMPLICIT NONE
1763
1764	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1765	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1766	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1767	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1768	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1769	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index surface facing
1770	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
1771
1772	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1773
1774	!
1775	!-- Calculate Exner function
1776	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1777	!
1778	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1779	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1780	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1781	ENDIF
1782
1783	!
1784	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1785	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1786	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1787	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1788	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1789
1790	!
1791	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
1792	!-- Horizontal surfaces
1793	tt_surface_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1794	tt_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1795	tm_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1796	tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1797	surf_lsm_h%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1798
1799	surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1800	surf_lsm_h%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_h%shf
1801
1802	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1803	surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_h%qsws
1804	ELSE
1805	surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1806	ENDIF
1807
1808	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1809	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1810	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1811
1812	surf_lsm_h%r_a = 50.0_wp
1813	surf_lsm_h%r_s = 50.0_wp
1814	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1815	surf_lsm_h%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1816	!
1817	!-- Do the same for vertical surfaces
1818	DO l = 0, 3
1819	tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1820	tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1821	tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1822	tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1823	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1824
1825	surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1826	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_v(l)%shf
1827
1828	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1829	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws
1830	ELSE
1831	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1832	ENDIF
1833
1834	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1835	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1836	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1837
1838	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a = 50.0_wp
1839	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s = 50.0_wp
1840	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1841	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1842	ENDDO
1843
1844	!
1845	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1846	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
1847	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1848	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1849	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1850
1851	surf_lsm_h%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1852	!
1853	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1854	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1855	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1856	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1857
1858	surf_lsm_h%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1859	ENDIF
1860	!
1861	!-- For vertical surfaces
1862	DO l = 0, 3
1863	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1864	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1865	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1866
1867	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1868	!
1869	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1870	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1871	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1872	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1873
1874	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1875	ENDIF
1876	ENDDO
1877
1878	!
1879	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1880	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1881	!-- at the centers
1882	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1883
1884	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1885	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1886	ENDDO
1887	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1888
1889	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1890	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1891	ENDDO
1892	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1893
1894	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1895	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1896
1897	!
1898	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1899	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1900	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1901	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1902
1903	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1904	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1905	ENDIF
1906
1907	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1908	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1909	ENDIF
1910
1911	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1912	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1913	ENDIF
1914
1915	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1916	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1917	ENDIF
1918
1919	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1920	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1921	ENDIF
1922
1923	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1924	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1925	ENDIF
1926
1927	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1928	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1929	ENDIF
1930
1931	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1932	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1933	ENDIF
1934
1935	ENDIF
1936
1937	!
1938	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
1939	!-- Horizontal surfaces
1940	surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
1941	surf_lsm_h%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
1942	surf_lsm_h%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
1943	surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
1944	surf_lsm_h%m_sat = saturation_moisture
1945	surf_lsm_h%m_fc = field_capacity
1946	surf_lsm_h%m_wilt = wilting_point
1947	surf_lsm_h%m_res = residual_moisture
1948	surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
1949	!
1950	!-- Vertical surfaces
1951	DO l = 0, 3
1952	surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
1953	surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
1954	surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
1955	surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
1956	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat = saturation_moisture
1957	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc = field_capacity
1958	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt = wilting_point
1959	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res = residual_moisture
1960	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
1961	ENDDO
1962
1963
1964
1965	!
1966	!-- Initial run actions
1967	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1968	!
1969	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
1970	t_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1971	m_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1972	m_liq_eb_h%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1973
1974	!
1975	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
1976	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
1977	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
1978	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1979	t_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k)
1980	m_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(:))
1981	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
1982	ENDDO
1983	t_soil_h%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
1984
1985	!
1986	!-- Calculate surface temperature
1987	t_surface_h%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
1988	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
1989
1990	!
1991	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
1992	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
1993	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
1994	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
1995	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
1996	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
1997
1998	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1999	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2000	ELSE
2001	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2002	ENDIF
2003
2004	!
2005	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2006	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2007
2008	surf_lsm_h%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2009	surf_lsm_h%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
2010	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_h%us(m) * surf_lsm_h%ts(m)
2011	ENDDO
2012	!
2013	!-- Vertical surfaces
2014	DO l = 0, 3
2015
2016	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2017	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2018	m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
2019
2020	!
2021	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2022	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2023	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2024	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2025	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k)
2026	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(:))
2027	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2028	ENDDO
2029	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2030
2031	!
2032	!-- Calculate surface temperature
2033	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2034	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2035
2036	!
2037	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2038	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2039	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2040	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2041	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2042	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2043
2044	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2045	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2046	ELSE
2047	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2048	ENDIF
2049
2050	!
2051	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2052	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2053
2054	surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2055	surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(m)
2056	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) * surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m)
2057	ENDDO
2058	ENDDO
2059
2060	!
2061	!-- Actions for restart runs
2062	ELSE
2063	!
2064	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2065	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2066	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2067	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2068	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2069	t_surface_h%var_1d(m) = pt(k-1,j,i) * exn
2070	ENDDO
2071	!
2072	!-- Vertical surfaces
2073	DO l = 0, 3
2074	!
2075	!-- Set index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
2076	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
2077	j_off = -1
2078	i_off = 0
2079	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
2080	j_off = 1
2081	i_off = 0
2082	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
2083	j_off = 0
2084	i_off = -1
2085	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
2086	j_off = 0
2087	i_off = 1
2088	ENDIF
2089	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2090	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2091	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2092	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2093	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(m) = pt(k,j+j_off,i+i_off) * exn
2094	ENDDO
2095	ENDDO
2096
2097	ENDIF
2098	!
2099	!-- Initialize root fraction
2100	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2101	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2102	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2103	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2104
2105	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2106	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2107	ENDDO
2108	ENDDO
2109	!
2110	!-- Vertical surfaces
2111	DO l = 0, 3
2112	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2113	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2114	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2115
2116	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2117	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2118	ENDDO
2119	ENDDO
2120	ENDDO
2121
2122	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
2123	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2124	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
2125	ENDIF
2126	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2127	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
2128	ENDIF
2129	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2130	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
2131	ENDIF
2132	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2133	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
2134	ENDIF
2135	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2136	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
2137	ENDIF
2138	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2139	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
2140	ENDIF
2141	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2142	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
2143	ENDIF
2144	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2145	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
2146	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
2147	ENDIF
2148	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2149	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
2150	ENDIF
2151	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2152	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
2153	ENDIF
2154	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
2155
2156	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
2157	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2158	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2159	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2160
2161	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2162	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2163	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2164	ENDDO
2165	ENDDO
2166	DO l = 0, 3
2167	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2168	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2169	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2170
2171	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2172	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2173	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2174	ENDDO
2175	ENDDO
2176	ENDDO
2177	ENDIF
2178
2179	ELSE
2180
2181	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2182	z0_eb = roughness_length
2183	ENDIF
2184	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2185	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
2186	ENDIF
2187	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2188	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
2189	ENDIF
2190
2191	ENDIF
2192
2193	!
2194	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
2195	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
2196	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
2197	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2198	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
2199	ELSE
2200	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
2201	ENDIF
2202	ENDIF
2203
2204	!
2205	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
2206	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
2207	!-- First for horizontal surfaces
2208	surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d = veg_type
2209	surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d = soil_type
2210
2211	!
2212	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2213	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2214	surf_lsm_h%lai = leaf_area_index
2215	surf_lsm_h%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2216	surf_lsm_h%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2217	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
2218	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
2219	surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2220	surf_lsm_h%z0 = z0_eb
2221	surf_lsm_h%z0h = z0h_eb
2222	surf_lsm_h%z0q = z0q_eb
2223
2224	!-- Vertical surfaces
2225	DO l = 0, 3
2226	surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d = veg_type
2227	surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d = soil_type
2228
2229	!
2230	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2231	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2232	surf_lsm_v(l)%lai = leaf_area_index
2233	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2234	surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2235	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
2236	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
2237	surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2238	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0 = z0_eb
2239	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h = z0h_eb
2240	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q = z0q_eb
2241	ENDDO
2242
2243	!
2244	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
2245	CALL user_init_land_surface
2246
2247	!
2248	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
2249	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
2250	!-- For now, do not set water surface for vertical surfaces
2251	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2252	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2253	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2254
2255	IF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 14 .OR. &
2256	surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 15 ) THEN
2257	surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2258	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = t_surface_h%var_1d(m)
2259	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 20 ) THEN
2260	surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2261	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = 0.0_wp
2262	ENDIF
2263
2264	ENDDO
2265
2266	!
2267	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only, i.e. only
2268	!- horizontal surfaces)
2269	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
2270
2271	t_soil_h_p = t_soil_h
2272	m_soil_h_p = m_soil_h
2273	m_liq_eb_h_p = m_liq_eb_h
2274	t_surface_h_p = t_surface_h
2275
2276	t_soil_v_p = t_soil_v
2277	m_soil_v_p = m_soil_v
2278	m_liq_eb_v_p = m_liq_eb_v
2279	t_surface_v_p = t_surface_v
2280
2281
2282
2283	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
2284	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
2285	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2286	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2287	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2288	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2289
2290	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
2291
2292
2293	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2294	! Description:
2295	! ------------
2296	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
2297	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2298	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2299
2300
2301	IMPLICIT NONE
2302
2303	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< index indicating facing of surface array
2304
2305	!
2306	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity. Please note,
2307	!-- these arrays are allocated according to surface-data structure,
2308	!-- even if they do not belong to the data type due to the
2309	!-- pointer arithmetric (TARGET attribute is not allowed in a data-type).
2310	#if defined( __nopointer )
2311	!
2312	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2313	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2314	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2315	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2316	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2317	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2318	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2319	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2320	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2321	!
2322	!-- Vertical surfaces
2323	DO l = 0, 3
2324	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2325	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2326	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2327	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2328	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2329	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2330	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2331	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2332	ENDDO
2333	#else
2334	!
2335	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2336	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2337	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2338	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2339	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2340	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2341	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2342	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2343	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2344	!
2345	!-- Vertical surfaces
2346	DO l = 0, 3
2347	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2348	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2349	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2350	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2351	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2352	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2353	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2354	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2355	ENDDO
2356	#endif
2357
2358	!
2359	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
2360	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2361	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2362	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2363	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2364	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2365	!
2366	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2367	DO l = 0, 3
2368	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2369	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2370	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2371	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2372	ENDDO
2373	!
2374	!-- Allocate skin-surface temperature
2375	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2376	DO l = 0, 3
2377	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2378	ENDDO
2379
2380	!
2381	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
2382	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2383	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2384	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2385	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2386	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2387	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2388	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2389	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2390	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%g_d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2391	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lai(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2392	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2393	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2394	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2395	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2396	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_res(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2397	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2398	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2399	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2400	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2401	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2402	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2403	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2404	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2405	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2406	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_a(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2407	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2408	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2409	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2410	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2411	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2412	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2413	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2414	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2415	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2416
2417	surf_lsm_h%water_surface = .FALSE.
2418	surf_lsm_h%pave_surface = .FALSE.
2419	!
2420	!-- Vertical surfaces
2421	DO l = 0, 3
2422	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2423	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2424	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2425	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2426	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2427	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2428	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2429	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2430	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lai(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2431	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2432	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2433	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2434	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2435	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2436	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2437	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2438	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2439	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2440	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2441	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2442	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2443	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2444	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2445	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2446	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2447	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2448	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2449	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2450	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2451	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2452	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2453	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2454	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2455
2456	surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface = .FALSE.
2457	surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface = .FALSE.
2458	ENDDO
2459
2460	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2461	!
2462	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2463	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2464	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2465	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2466	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2467	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2
2468	!
2469	!-- Vertical surfaces
2470	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2471	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2472	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2473	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2
2474	#endif
2475
2476
2477	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2478
2479
2480	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2481	! Description:
2482	! ------------
2483	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2484	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2485	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2486
2487
2488	IMPLICIT NONE
2489
2490	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2491
2492	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2493	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2494	conserve_water_content, &
2495	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2496	aero_resist_kray, hydraulic_conductivity, &
2497	lambda_surface_stable, &
2498	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2499	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2500	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2501	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2502	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2503	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2504	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2505	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2506	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2507	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2508
2509	line = ' '
2510
2511	!
2512	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2513	REWIND ( 11 )
2514	line = ' '
2515	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2516	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2517	ENDDO
2518	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2519
2520	!
2521	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2522	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2523
2524	!
2525	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2526	land_surface = .TRUE.
2527
2528	10 CONTINUE
2529
2530
2531	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2532
2533
2534	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2535	! Description:
2536	! ------------
2537	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2538	!> temperature and water content.
2539	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2540	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model( horizontal, l )
2541
2542
2543	IMPLICIT NONE
2544
2545	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2546	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-data type index indication facing
2547	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
2548
2549	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< flag indication horizontal wall, required to set pointer accordingly
2550
2551	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2552
2553	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2554	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2555	tend !< tendency
2556
2557	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
2558	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil_p
2559	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
2560	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil_p
2561	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_soil_m
2562	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_soil_m
2563
2564	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
2565
2566	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
2567	surf => surf_lsm_h
2568
2569	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
2570	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_h_p
2571	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
2572	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_h_p
2573	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_h_m
2574	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_h_m
2575	ELSE
2576	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
2577
2578	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
2579	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_v_p(l)
2580	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
2581	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_v_p(l)
2582	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_v_m(l)
2583	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_v_m(l)
2584	ENDIF
2585
2586	DO m = 1, surf%ns
2587
2588	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
2589	surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) = pave_heat_capacity
2590	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2591	ENDIF
2592
2593	IF ( .NOT. surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2594	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2595
2596	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2597
2598	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = pave_heat_capacity
2599	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2600
2601	ELSE
2602	!
2603	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2604	!-- into account water content
2605	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = (rho_c_soil * &
2606	( 1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m) )&
2607	+ rho_c_water * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) )
2608
2609	!
2610	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2611	!-- layers
2612	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm*(1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m)) &
2613	lambda_h_water ** surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2614
2615	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10( MAX( 0.1_wp, surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) / &
2616	surf%m_sat(m) ) )
2617
2618	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2619	lambda_h_dry
2620	ENDIF
2621	ENDDO
2622
2623	!
2624	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2625	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2626	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2627	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2628	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2629	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2630	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1)&
2631	* lambda_temp(k) &
2632	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2633	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2634	ELSE
2635	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) )&
2636	* 0.5_wp
2637	ENDIF
2638	ENDDO
2639	surf%lambda_h(nzt_soil,m) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2640
2641	!
2642	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2643	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2644
2645	tend(nzb_soil) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) ) *&
2646	( surf%lambda_h(nzb_soil,m) * ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) &
2647	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2648	+ surf%ghf_eb(m) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2649
2650	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2651	tend(k) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(k,m) ) &
2652	* ( surf%lambda_h(k,m) &
2653	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) &
2654	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2655	- surf%lambda_h(k-1,m) &
2656	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k-1,m) ) &
2657	* ddz_soil(k) &
2658	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2659
2660	ENDDO
2661
2662	surf_t_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
2663	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2664	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2665	+ tsc(3) &
2666	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) )
2667
2668	!
2669	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2670	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2671	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2672	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2673	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
2674	ENDDO
2675	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2676	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2677	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2678	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2679	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
2680	ENDDO
2681	ENDIF
2682	ENDIF
2683
2684
2685	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2686
2687	!
2688	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2689	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * psi_sat &
2690	/ surf%m_sat(m) ) * ( MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), &
2691	surf%m_wilt(m) ) / surf%m_sat(m) )**(&
2692	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2693
2694	!
2695	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2696	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2697	!
2698	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2699	!-- (1980)
2700	h_vg = ( ( ( surf%m_res(m) - surf%m_sat(m) ) / &
2701	( surf%m_res(m) - &
2702	MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), surf%m_wilt(m) ) &
2703	) &
2704	)**( &
2705	surf%n_vg(m) / ( surf%n_vg(m) - 1.0_wp ) &
2706	) - 1.0_wp &
2707	)**( 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m) ) / surf%alpha_vg(m)
2708
2709	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( ( ( 1.0_wp + &
2710	( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**surf%n_vg(m)&
2711	)**( &
2712	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m)) - ( &
2713	surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**( surf%n_vg(m)&
2714	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2715	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg &
2716	)surf%n_vg(m) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2717	/ surf%n_vg(m) ) * &
2718	( surf%l_vg(m) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2719	!
2720	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2721	ELSE
2722	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
2723	/ surf%m_sat(m) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2724	ENDIF
2725
2726	ENDDO
2727
2728	!
2729	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2730	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2731	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2732	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
2733	!
2734	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2735	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2736	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2737	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2738
2739	surf%lambda_w(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + &
2740	lambda_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
2741	surf%gamma_w(k,m) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + &
2742	gamma_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
2743
2744	ENDDO
2745
2746	!
2747	!
2748	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2749	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2750	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2751	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2752	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = 0.0_wp
2753	ELSE
2754	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2755	ENDIF
2756
2757	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2758	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2759	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2760	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2761	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2762	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2763	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2764	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2765	!
2766	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2767	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2768	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2769	!-- additional check.
2770	m_total = 0.0_wp
2771	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2772	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN
2773	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2774	ENDIF
2775	ENDDO
2776	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2777	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2778	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN
2779	root_extr(k) = surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
2780	/ m_total
2781	ELSE
2782	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2783	ENDIF
2784	ENDDO
2785	ENDIF
2786	!
2787	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil_h.
2788	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2789
2790	tend(nzb_soil) = ( surf%lambda_w(nzb_soil,m) * ( &
2791	surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) - surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) &
2792	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - surf%gamma_w(nzb_soil,m) - &
2793	( &
2794	root_extr(nzb_soil) * surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) &
2795	+ surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2796	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2797
2798	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2799	tend(k) = ( surf%lambda_w(k,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) &
2800	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2801	- surf%gamma_w(k,m) &
2802	- surf%lambda_w(k-1,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) - &
2803	surf_m_soil%var_2d(k-1,m)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2804	+ surf%gamma_w(k-1,m) - (root_extr(k) &
2805	* surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv) &
2806	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2807	ENDDO
2808	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) &
2809	- surf%lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,m) &
2810	* ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil,m) &
2811	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil-1,m)) &
2812	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2813	+ surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,m) - ( &
2814	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2815	* surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv ) &
2816	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2817
2818	surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
2819	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2820	+ tsc(3) * surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(:,m) )
2821
2822	!
2823	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2824	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2825	IF ( surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) < 0.0_wp ) surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) = 0.0_wp
2826	ENDDO
2827
2828	!
2829	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2830	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2831	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2832	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2833	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
2834	ENDDO
2835	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2836	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2837	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2838	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2839	* surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
2840	ENDDO
2841	ENDIF
2842	ENDIF
2843	ENDIF
2844
2845	ENDIF
2846
2847	ENDDO
2848
2849	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2850
2851
2852	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2853	! Description:
2854	! ------------
2855	!> Swapping of timelevels
2856	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2857	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2858
2859	IMPLICIT NONE
2860
2861	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2862
2863	#if defined( __nopointer )
2864	!
2865	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2866	t_surface_h = t_surface_h_p
2867	t_soil_h = t_soil_h_p
2868	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2869	m_soil_h = m_soil_h_p
2870	m_liq_eb_h = m_liq_eb_h_p
2871	ENDIF
2872	!
2873	!-- Vertical surfaces
2874	t_surface_v = t_surface_v_p
2875	t_soil_v = t_soil_v_p
2876	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2877	m_soil_v = m_soil_v_p
2878	m_liq_eb_v = m_liq_eb_v_p
2879	ENDIF
2880
2881	#else
2882
2883	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2884
2885	CASE ( 0 )
2886	!
2887	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2888	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2889	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2890	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2891	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2892	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2
2893	ENDIF
2894	!
2895	!-- Vertical surfaces
2896	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2897	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2898	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2899	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2900	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2
2901	ENDIF
2902
2903
2904
2905	CASE ( 1 )
2906	!
2907	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2908	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_2; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_1
2909	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_2; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_1
2910	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2911	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_2; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_1
2912	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_2; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_1
2913	ENDIF
2914	!
2915	!-- Vertical surfaces
2916	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_2; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_1
2917	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_2; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_1
2918	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2919	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_2; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_1
2920	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_2; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_1
2921	ENDIF
2922
2923	END SELECT
2924	#endif
2925
2926	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2932	!
2933	! Description:
2934	! ------------
2935	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
2936	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2937	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
2938
2939
2940	USE control_parameters
2941
2942	USE indices
2943
2944	USE kinds
2945
2946	IMPLICIT NONE
2947
2948	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2949	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2950
2951	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2952	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2953	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2954	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
2955
2956	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
2957
2958	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2959
2960	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2961	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
2962	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2963	ENDIF
2964	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
2965
2966	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2967	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
2968	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2969	ENDIF
2970	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2971
2972	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2973	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
2974	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2975	ENDIF
2976	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
2977
2978	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2979	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2980	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2981	ENDIF
2982	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2983
2984	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2985	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
2986	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2987	ENDIF
2988	lai_av = 0.0_wp
2989
2990	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2991	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2992	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2993	ENDIF
2994	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2995
2996	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2997	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
2998	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2999	ENDIF
3000	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3001
3002	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3003	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3004	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3005	ENDIF
3006	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3007
3008	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3009	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3010	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3011	ENDIF
3012	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3013
3014	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3015	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3016	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3017	ENDIF
3018	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3019
3020	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3021	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3022	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3023	ENDIF
3024	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3025
3026	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3027	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
3028	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3029	ENDIF
3030	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
3031
3032	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3033	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
3034	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3035	ENDIF
3036	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
3037
3038	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
3039	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3040	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3041	ENDIF
3042	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3043
3044	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3045	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3046	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3047	ENDIF
3048	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3049
3050	CASE DEFAULT
3051	CONTINUE
3052
3053	END SELECT
3054
3055	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
3056
3057	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3058
3059	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3060	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3061	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3062	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3063	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m)
3064	ENDDO
3065
3066	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3067	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3068	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3069	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3070	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m))
3071	ENDDO
3072
3073	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3074	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3075	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3076	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3077	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3078	ENDDO
3079
3080	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3081	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3082	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3083	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3084	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m)
3085	ENDDO
3086
3087	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3088	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3089	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3090	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3091	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3092	ENDDO
3093
3094	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3095	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3096	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3097	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3098	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m)
3099	ENDDO
3100
3101	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3102	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3103	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3104	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3105	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3106	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3107	ENDDO
3108	ENDDO
3109
3110	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3111	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3112	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3113	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3114	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m)
3115	ENDDO
3116
3117	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3118	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3119	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3120	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3121	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + &
3122	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m)
3123	ENDDO
3124
3125	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3126	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3127	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3128	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3129	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + &
3130	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m)
3131	ENDDO
3132
3133	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3134	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3135	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3136	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3137	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + &
3138	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m)
3139	ENDDO
3140
3141	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3142	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3143	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3144	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3145	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3146	ENDDO
3147
3148	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3149	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3150	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3151	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3152	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3153	ENDDO
3154
3155	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
3156	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3157	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3158	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3159	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m)
3160	ENDDO
3161
3162	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3163	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3164	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3165	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3166	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3167	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3168	ENDDO
3169	ENDDO
3170
3171	CASE DEFAULT
3172	CONTINUE
3173
3174	END SELECT
3175
3176	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
3177
3178	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3179
3180	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3181	DO i = nxl, nxr
3182	DO j = nys, nyn
3183	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3184	ENDDO
3185	ENDDO
3186
3187	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3188	DO i = nxl, nxr
3189	DO j = nys, nyn
3190	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3191	ENDDO
3192	ENDDO
3193
3194	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3195	DO i = nxl, nxr
3196	DO j = nys, nyn
3197	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3198	ENDDO
3199	ENDDO
3200
3201	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3202	DO i = nxl, nxr
3203	DO j = nys, nyn
3204	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3205	ENDDO
3206	ENDDO
3207
3208	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3209	DO i = nxl, nxr
3210	DO j = nys, nyn
3211	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3212	ENDDO
3213	ENDDO
3214
3215	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3216	DO i = nxl, nxr
3217	DO j = nys, nyn
3218	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3219	ENDDO
3220	ENDDO
3221
3222	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3223	DO i = nxl, nxr
3224	DO j = nys, nyn
3225	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3226	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3227	ENDDO
3228	ENDDO
3229	ENDDO
3230
3231	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3232	DO i = nxl, nxr
3233	DO j = nys, nyn
3234	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3235	ENDDO
3236	ENDDO
3237
3238	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3239	DO i = nxl, nxr
3240	DO j = nys, nyn
3241	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3242	ENDDO
3243	ENDDO
3244
3245	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3246	DO i = nxl, nxr
3247	DO j = nys, nyn
3248	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3249	ENDDO
3250	ENDDO
3251
3252	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3253	DO i = nxl, nxr
3254	DO j = nys, nyn
3255	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3256	ENDDO
3257	ENDDO
3258
3259	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3260	DO i = nxl, nxr
3261	DO j = nys, nyn
3262	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3263	ENDDO
3264	ENDDO
3265
3266	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3267	DO i = nxl, nxr
3268	DO j = nys, nyn
3269	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3270	ENDDO
3271	ENDDO
3272
3273	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3274	DO i = nxl, nxr
3275	DO j = nys, nyn
3276	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3277	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3278	ENDDO
3279	ENDDO
3280	ENDDO
3281	!
3282	!--
3283
3284	END SELECT
3285
3286	ENDIF
3287
3288	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
3289
3290
3291	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3292	!
3293	! Description:
3294	! ------------
3295	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
3296	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
3297	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3298	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
3299
3300	IMPLICIT NONE
3301
3302	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
3303	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
3304	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
3305	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
3306	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
3307
3308	found = .TRUE.
3309
3310	!
3311	!-- Check for the grid
3312	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
3313
3314	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
3315	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
3316	grid_x = 'x'
3317	grid_y = 'y'
3318	grid_z = 'zs'
3319
3320	CASE DEFAULT
3321	found = .FALSE.
3322	grid_x = 'none'
3323	grid_y = 'none'
3324	grid_z = 'none'
3325	END SELECT
3326
3327	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
3328
3329	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3330	!
3331	! Description:
3332	! ------------
3333	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3334	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3335	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
3336	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
3337
3338	USE indices
3339
3340	USE kinds
3341
3342
3343	IMPLICIT NONE
3344
3345	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
3346	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3347	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3348
3349	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3350	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3351	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3352	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3353	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3354	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
3355	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
3356
3357	LOGICAL :: found !<
3358	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
3359
3360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
3361
3362
3363	found = .TRUE.
3364
3365	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3366	!
3367	!-- Before data is transfered to local_pf, transfer is it 2D dummy variable and exchange ghost points therein.
3368	!-- However, at this point this is only required for instantaneous arrays, time-averaged quantities are already exchanged.
3369	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3370	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3371	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3372	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3373	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3374	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m) * surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3375	ENDDO
3376	ELSE
3377	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3378	DO j = nysg, nyng
3379	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
3380	ENDDO
3381	ENDDO
3382	ENDIF
3383
3384	two_d = .TRUE.
3385	grid = 'zu1'
3386
3387	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3388	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3389	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3390	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3391	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3392	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3393	ENDDO
3394	ELSE
3395	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3396	DO j = nysg, nyng
3397	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
3398	ENDDO
3399	ENDDO
3400	ENDIF
3401
3402	two_d = .TRUE.
3403	grid = 'zu1'
3404
3405	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3406	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3407	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3408	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3409	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3410	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3411	ENDDO
3412	ELSE
3413	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3414	DO j = nysg, nyng
3415	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
3416	ENDDO
3417	ENDDO
3418	ENDIF
3419
3420	two_d = .TRUE.
3421	grid = 'zu1'
3422
3423	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3424	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3425	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3426	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3427	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3428	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m)
3429	ENDDO
3430	ELSE
3431	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3432	DO j = nysg, nyng
3433	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
3434	ENDDO
3435	ENDDO
3436	ENDIF
3437
3438	two_d = .TRUE.
3439	grid = 'zu1'
3440
3441	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3442	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3443	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3444	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3445	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3446	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3447	ENDDO
3448	ELSE
3449	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3450	DO j = nysg, nyng
3451	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
3452	ENDDO
3453	ENDDO
3454	ENDIF
3455
3456	two_d = .TRUE.
3457	grid = 'zu1'
3458
3459	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3460	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3461	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3462	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3463	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3464	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m)
3465	ENDDO
3466	ELSE
3467	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3468	DO j = nysg, nyng
3469	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3470	ENDDO
3471	ENDDO
3472	ENDIF
3473
3474	two_d = .TRUE.
3475	grid = 'zu1'
3476
3477	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
3478	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3479	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3480	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3481	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3482	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3483	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3484	ENDDO
3485	ENDDO
3486	ELSE
3487	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3488	DO j = nysg, nyng
3489	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3490	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3491	ENDDO
3492	ENDDO
3493	ENDDO
3494	ENDIF
3495
3496	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3497	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3498
3499	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3500
3501	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3502	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3503	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3504	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3505	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3506	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m)
3507	ENDDO
3508	ELSE
3509	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3510	DO j = nysg, nyng
3511	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
3512	ENDDO
3513	ENDDO
3514	ENDIF
3515
3516	two_d = .TRUE.
3517	grid = 'zu1'
3518
3519	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3520	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3521	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3522	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3523	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3524	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m)
3525	ENDDO
3526	ELSE
3527	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3528	DO j = nysg, nyng
3529	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3530	ENDDO
3531	ENDDO
3532	ENDIF
3533
3534	two_d = .TRUE.
3535	grid = 'zu1'
3536
3537	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3538	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3539	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3540	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3541	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3542	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m)
3543	ENDDO
3544	ELSE
3545	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3546	DO j = nysg, nyng
3547	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3548	ENDDO
3549	ENDDO
3550	ENDIF
3551
3552	two_d = .TRUE.
3553	grid = 'zu1'
3554
3555	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3556	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3557	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3558	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3559	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3560	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m)
3561	ENDDO
3562	ELSE
3563	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3564	DO j = nysg, nyng
3565	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3566	ENDDO
3567	ENDDO
3568	ENDIF
3569
3570	two_d = .TRUE.
3571	grid = 'zu1'
3572
3573
3574	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3575	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3576	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3577	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3578	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3579	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3580	ENDDO
3581	ELSE
3582	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3583	DO j = nysg, nyng
3584	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3585	ENDDO
3586	ENDDO
3587	ENDIF
3588
3589	two_d = .TRUE.
3590	grid = 'zu1'
3591
3592	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3593	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3594	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3595	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3596	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3597	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3598	ENDDO
3599	ELSE
3600	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3601	DO j = nysg, nyng
3602	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3603	ENDDO
3604	ENDDO
3605	ENDIF
3606
3607	two_d = .TRUE.
3608	grid = 'zu1'
3609
3610	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3611	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3612	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3613	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3614	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3615	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m)
3616	ENDDO
3617	ELSE
3618	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3619	DO j = nysg, nyng
3620	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3621	ENDDO
3622	ENDDO
3623	ENDIF
3624
3625	two_d = .TRUE.
3626	grid = 'zu1'
3627
3628	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3629	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3630	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3631	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3632	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3633	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3634	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3635	ENDDO
3636	ENDDO
3637	ELSE
3638	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3639	DO j = nysg, nyng
3640	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3641	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3642	ENDDO
3643	ENDDO
3644	ENDDO
3645	ENDIF
3646
3647	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3648	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3649
3650	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3651
3652	CASE DEFAULT
3653	found = .FALSE.
3654	grid = 'none'
3655
3656	END SELECT
3657
3658	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3659
3660
3661	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3662	!
3663	! Description:
3664	! ------------
3665	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3666	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3667	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3668
3669
3670	USE indices
3671
3672	USE kinds
3673
3674
3675	IMPLICIT NONE
3676
3677	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3678
3679	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3680	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3681	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3682	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3683	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3684
3685	LOGICAL :: found !<
3686
3687	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3688
3689
3690	found = .TRUE.
3691
3692
3693	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3694	!
3695	!-- Requires 3D exchange
3696
3697	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3698
3699	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3700	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3701	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3702	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3703	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3704	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3705	ENDDO
3706	ENDDO
3707	ELSE
3708	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3709	DO j = nysg, nyng
3710	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3711	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3712	ENDDO
3713	ENDDO
3714	ENDDO
3715	ENDIF
3716
3717	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3718
3719	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3720	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3721	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3722	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3723	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3724	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3725	ENDDO
3726	ENDDO
3727	ELSE
3728	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3729	DO j = nysg, nyng
3730	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3731	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3732	ENDDO
3733	ENDDO
3734	ENDDO
3735	ENDIF
3736
3737
3738	CASE DEFAULT
3739	found = .FALSE.
3740
3741	END SELECT
3742
3743
3744	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3745
3746
3747	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3748	!
3749	! Description:
3750	! ------------
3751	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3752	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3753	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3754
3755
3756	USE control_parameters
3757
3758	USE kinds
3759
3760	IMPLICIT NONE
3761
3762	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3763	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3764	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3765	ENDIF
3766	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3767	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3768	ENDIF
3769	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3770	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3771	ENDIF
3772	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3773	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3774	ENDIF
3775	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3776	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3777	ENDIF
3778	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_h%var_1d
3779	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3780	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3781	ENDIF
3782	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_h%var_2d
3783	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3784	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3785	ENDIF
3786	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3787	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3788	ENDIF
3789	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3790	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3791	ENDIF
3792	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3793	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3794	ENDIF
3795	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3796	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3797	ENDIF
3798	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3799	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3800	ENDIF
3801	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_h%var_2d
3802	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3803	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3804	ENDIF
3805
3806	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3807
3808	ENDIF
3809
3810	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3811
3812
3813	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3814	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3815	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3816	tmp_2d )
3817
3818
3819	USE control_parameters
3820
3821	USE indices
3822
3823	USE kinds
3824
3825	USE pegrid
3826
3827	IMPLICIT NONE
3828
3829	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3830
3831	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3832	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3833	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3834	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3835	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3836	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3837	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3838	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3839	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3840	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3841	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3842	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3843	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3844	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3845	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3846
3847	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3848	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3849	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3850	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3851	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3852	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3853
3854	REAL(wp), &
3855	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3856	tmp_2d !<
3857
3858	REAL(wp), &
3859	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3860	tmp_3d !<
3861
3862	REAL(wp), &
3863	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3864	tmp_3d2 !<
3865
3866	REAL(wp), &
3867	DIMENSION(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3868	tmp_walltype_1d !<
3869
3870	REAL(wp), &
3871	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3872	tmp_walltype_2d !<
3873
3874	REAL(wp), &
3875	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3876	tmp_walltype_2d2 !<
3877
3878
3879	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3880	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3881
3882	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3883
3884	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3885
3886	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3887	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3888	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3889	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3890	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3891	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3892	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3893	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3894
3895	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3896
3897
3898	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3899	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3900	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3901	ENDIF
3902	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3903	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3904	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3905
3906	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3907	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3908	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3909	ENDIF
3910	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3911	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3912	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3913
3914	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3915	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3916	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3917	ENDIF
3918	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3919	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3920	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3921
3922	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
3923	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3924	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3925	ENDIF
3926	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3927	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3928	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3929
3930	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
3931	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_1d !tmp_2d
3932	m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
3933	tmp_walltype_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
3934
3935	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
3936	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3937	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3938	ENDIF
3939	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3940	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3941	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3942
3943	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
3944	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3945	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3946	ENDIF
3947	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3948	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3949	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3950
3951	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3952	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d2(:,:)
3953	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
3954	tmp_walltype_2d2(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
3955
3956	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
3957	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3958	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3959	ENDIF
3960	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3961	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3962	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
3963	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3964
3965	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
3966	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3967	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3968	ENDIF
3969	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3970	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3971	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3972
3973	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
3974	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3975	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3976	ENDIF
3977	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3978	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3979	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3980	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
3981	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3982	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3983	ENDIF
3984	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3985	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3986	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3987
3988	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
3989	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3990	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3991	ENDIF
3992	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3993	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3994	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3995
3996	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
3997	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3998	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3999	ENDIF
4000	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4001	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4002	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4003
4004	CASE ( 't_soil' )
4005	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d(:,:)
4006	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4007	tmp_walltype_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4008
4009	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
4010	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
4011	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4012	ENDIF
4013	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4014	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4015	tmp_3d2(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
4016	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4017
4018
4019	CASE DEFAULT
4020	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
4021	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
4022	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
4023	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0441', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
4024	0 )
4025
4026	END SELECT
4027
4028	ENDDO
4029
4030	READ ( 13 ) field_char
4031
4032	ENDDO
4033	ENDIF
4034
4035	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
4036
4037	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4038	! Description:
4039	! ------------
4040	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
4041	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
4042	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
4043	!> 2012)
4044	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4045	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4046
4047	USE control_parameters, &
4048	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
4049
4050	IMPLICIT NONE
4051
4052	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
4053	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
4054	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
4055
4056	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
4057	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
4058	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
4059	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
4060
4061	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
4062
4063	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
4064	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
4065
4066	IF ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) ) THEN
4067
4068	!
4069	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
4070	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
4071	!-- length
4072	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
4073	!
4074	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
4075	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
4076	!
4077	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
4078	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
4079
4080	!
4081	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
4082	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
4083	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
4084	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
4085	! ENDIF
4086
4087	!
4088	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
4089	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
4090	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
4091	!-- Charnock relation is used.
4092	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4093	surf_lsm_h%us(m) ) &
4094	+ ( alpha_ch * surf_lsm_h%us(m)**2 / g )
4095
4096	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4097	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4098	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4099	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4100
4101	ENDIF
4102	ENDDO
4103
4104	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4105
4106
4107
4108	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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