Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 1956

Last change on this file since 1956 was 1950, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
last commit documented
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 109.9 KB

Rev	Line
[1817]	1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
[1496]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1818]	16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1496]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
	19	! Current revisions:
	20	! -----------------
[1789]	21	!
[1950]	22	!
[1789]	23	! Former revisions:
	24	! -----------------
	25	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 1950 2016-06-17 07:21:31Z hellstea $
	26	!
[1950]	27	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
	28	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
	29	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
	30	!
[1857]	31	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
	32	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
	33	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
	34	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
	35	!
[1851]	36	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
	37	! prr moved to arrays_3d
[1852]	38	!
[1827]	39	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	40	! Cleanup after modularization
	41	!
[1818]	42	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
	43	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
	44	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
	45	!
[1789]	46	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
[1788]	47	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
	48	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
	49	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
	50	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
	51	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
	52	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
	53	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
	54	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
	55	! Syntax layout improved.
	56	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
[1758]	57	!
[1784]	58	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	59	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
	60	!
[1758]	61	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
[1757]	62	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
	63	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
	64	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
	65	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
	66	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
[1710]	67	!
	68	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
[1709]	69	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
	70	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
	71	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	72	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	73	! Added todo action
[1698]	74	!
	75	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	76	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
	77	!
	78	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
[1692]	79	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
[1696]	80	! Replaced rif with ol
	81	!
[1692]	82	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
[1691]	83	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
	84	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
	85	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
	86	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
[1552]	87	!
[1683]	88	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	89	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	90	!
[1591]	91	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
	92	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
	93	!
[1586]	94	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
	95	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
	96	!
[1572]	97	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
	98	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
	99	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
	100	!
[1556]	101	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
	102	! Added output of r_a and r_s
	103	!
[1554]	104	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
	105	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
	106	! profile
	107	!
[1552]	108	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
[1551]	109	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
	110	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
	111	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
	112	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
	113	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
	114	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
	115	! calculation
[1496]	116	!
[1514]	117	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
[1496]	118	!
[1501]	119	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
	120	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
	121	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
	122	! Added support for dry runs.
	123	!
[1497]	124	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	125	! Initial revision
	126	!
[1496]	127	!
	128	! Description:
	129	! ------------
[1682]	130	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
	131	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
	132	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
	133	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
	134	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
	135	!>
[1691]	136	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
[1709]	137	!> skin layer.
[1788]	138	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
[1691]	139	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
	140	!> nzt_soil=3)).
	141	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
	142	!> with considerable precipitation.
[1709]	143	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
[1682]	144	!>
[1709]	145	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
	146	!> become too thin.
[1496]	147	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	148	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
	149
[1691]	150	USE arrays_3d, &
[1849]	151	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
	152	z0h, z0q
[1496]	153
[1691]	154	USE cloud_parameters, &
[1849]	155	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
[1496]	156
[1691]	157	USE control_parameters, &
	158	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
	159	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
[1817]	160	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
	161	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
	162	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
[1496]	163
[1691]	164	USE indices, &
	165	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
[1496]	166
[1691]	167	USE kinds
[1496]	168
[1691]	169	USE pegrid
[1496]	170
[1691]	171	USE radiation_model_mod, &
	172	ONLY: force_radiation_call, radiation_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, &
[1757]	173	rad_lw_out, rad_lw_out_change_0, sigma_sb, &
	174	unscheduled_radiation_calls
[1691]	175
	176	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
	177	USE radiation_model_mod, &
[1709]	178	ONLY: rrtm_idrv
[1691]	179	#endif
[1496]	180
[1691]	181	USE statistics, &
	182	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
	183
[1496]	184	IMPLICIT NONE
	185
	186	!
	187	!-- LSM model constants
[1682]	188	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
	189	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
	190	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
[1496]	191
	192	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
[1551]	193	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
	194	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
[1496]	195	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
	196	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
	197	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
[1551]	198	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
	199	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
[1496]	200	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
	201
	202
	203	!
	204	!-- LSM variables
[1788]	205	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
	206	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
[1496]	207
[1788]	208	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
	209	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
	210
	211	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
	212	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
	213	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
	214
[1691]	215	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
	216	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
	217	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
[1496]	218
	219	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
	220	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
[1682]	221	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
	222	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
	223	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
	224	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
	225	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
	226	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
	227	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
	228	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
	229	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
	230	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
[1691]	231	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
[1682]	232	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
	233	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
	234	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
	235	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
	236	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
	237	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
	238	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
	239	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
[1788]	240	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
	241	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
	242	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
[1682]	243	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
	244	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
	245	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
	246	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
	247	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
	248	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
[1691]	249	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
[1682]	250	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
	251	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
	252	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
[1788]	253	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
	254	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
[1496]	255
[1551]	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
[1691]	257	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
	258	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
	259	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
[1551]	260	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
[1682]	261	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
	262	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
	263	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
[1496]	264
[1551]	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
[1691]	266	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
	267	283.0_wp /), &
	268	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
	269	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
[1496]	270
	271	#if defined( __nopointer )
[1682]	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
	273	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
	274	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	275	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	276	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
[1496]	277	#else
[1551]	278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
	279	t_surface_p, &
	280	m_liq_eb, &
	281	m_liq_eb_p
[1496]	282
[1551]	283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
	284	m_liq_eb_av, &
	285	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
[1496]	286	#endif
	287
	288	!
	289	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
[1682]	290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
	291	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
[1496]	292
	293	!
	294	!-- Energy balance variables
[1691]	295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	296	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	297	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
	298	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
	299	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
	300	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
	301	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
	302	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
	303	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
	304	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
	305	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
	306	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
	307	lai, & !< leaf area index
	308	lai_av, & !< average of lai
[1691]	309	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
	310	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
[1682]	311	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	312	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
	313	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
	314	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
	315	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
	316	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
	317	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
	318	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
	319	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
	320	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
	321	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
	322	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
	323	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
	324	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
	325	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
	326	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
[1709]	327	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
[1682]	328	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
[1691]	329	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
[1682]	330	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
	331	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
[1691]	332	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
[1682]	333	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
	334	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
	335	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
[1496]	336
[1691]	337
[1496]	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1788]	339	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
[1682]	340	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
[1788]	341	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
[1682]	342	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
[1496]	343
	344	#if defined( __nopointer )
	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1682]	346	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
	347	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
	348	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
	349	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
	350	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
	351	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
[1496]	352	#else
	353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
[1551]	354	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
[1496]	355	m_soil, m_soil_p
	356
	357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1551]	358	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
	359	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
[1496]	360	#endif
	361
	362
	363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1757]	364	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
	365	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
[1682]	366	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
[1496]	367
[1551]	368
[1496]	369	!
[1551]	370	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
[1788]	371	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
[1590]	372	'user defined ', & ! 0
	373	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
	374	'short grass ', & ! 2
[1585]	375	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
	376	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
[1590]	377	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
	378	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
	379	'tall grass ', & ! 7
	380	'desert ', & ! 8
	381	'tundra ', & ! 9
	382	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
	383	'semidesert ', & ! 11
	384	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
	385	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
	386	'inland water ', & ! 14
	387	'ocean ', & ! 15
	388	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
	389	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
	390	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
[1788]	391	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
	392	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
[1585]	393	/)
[1496]	394
	395	!
[1551]	396	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
[1585]	397	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
	398	'user defined', & ! 0
[1590]	399	'coarse ', & ! 1
	400	'medium ', & ! 2
	401	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
	402	'fine ', & ! 4
	403	'very fine ', & ! 5
	404	'organic ', & ! 6
	405	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
[1585]	406	/)
[1551]	407	!
	408	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
	409
	410	!
	411	!-- Land surface parameters I
	412	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
[1788]	413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	414	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
	415	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
	416	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	417	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	418	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	419	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
	420	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
	421	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	422	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	423	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
	424	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
	425	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	426	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
	427	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	428	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	429	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
	430	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
	431	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	432	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
	433	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	434	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
[1496]	435
	436	!
[1788]	437	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
	438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
	439	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
	440	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
	441	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
	442	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
	443	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
	444	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
	445	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
	446	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
	447	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
	448	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
	449	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
	450	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
	451	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
	452	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	453	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	454	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
	455	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
	456	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
	457	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
	458	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
	459	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
[1496]	460
	461	!
[1551]	462	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
[1788]	463	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	464	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
	465	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
	466	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	467	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	468	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	469	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
	470	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
	471	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	472	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
	473	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
	474	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
	475	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	476	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
[1788]	477	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	478	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
[1585]	479	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
	480	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
	481	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	482	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
	483	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	484	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
[1496]	485
	486	!
	487	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
[1788]	488	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	489	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
	490	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
	491	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
	492	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
	493	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
	494	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
	495	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
	496	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	497	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	498	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
	499	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
	500	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	501	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
	502	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	503	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	504	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
	505	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
	506	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	507	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
	508	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	509	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
[1496]	510
	511	!
	512	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
[1551]	513
[1496]	514	!
[1551]	515	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
[1585]	516	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	517	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
	518	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
	519	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
	520	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
	521	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	522	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
	523	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
	524	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	525
	526	!
	527	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
[1585]	528	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	529	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
	530	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
	531	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
	532	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
	533	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	534	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
	535	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
	536	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	537
	538
	539	SAVE
	540
	541
	542	PRIVATE
	543
[1817]	544
[1551]	545	!
[1817]	546	!-- Public functions
	547	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
	548	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_header, lsm_init, &
[1826]	549	lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, lsm_swap_timelevel
[1817]	550	!
[1551]	551	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
[1826]	552	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
[1496]	553
[1551]	554	!
[1783]	555	!-- Public grid variables
	556	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
[1496]	557
[1551]	558	!
	559	!-- Public 2D output variables
	560	PUBLIC c_liq, c_liq_av, c_soil_av, c_veg, c_veg_av, ghf_eb, ghf_eb_av, &
	561	lai, lai_av, qsws_eb, qsws_eb_av, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_liq_eb_av, &
	562	qsws_soil_eb, qsws_soil_eb_av, qsws_veg_eb, qsws_veg_eb_av, &
[1555]	563	r_a, r_a_av, r_s, r_s_av, shf_eb, shf_eb_av
[1551]	564
	565	!
	566	!-- Public prognostic variables
	567	PUBLIC m_liq_eb, m_liq_eb_av, m_soil, m_soil_av, t_soil, t_soil_av
	568
[1496]	569
[1817]	570	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
	571	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
	572	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
	573
	574	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	575	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	576	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	577
	578	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
	579	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
	580	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
	581
[1496]	582	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	583	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
	584	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	585
[1817]	586	INTERFACE lsm_header
	587	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
	588	END INTERFACE lsm_header
	589
	590	INTERFACE lsm_init
	591	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
	592	END INTERFACE lsm_init
	593
	594	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
	595	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
	596	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
	597
	598	INTERFACE lsm_parin
	599	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
	600	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
	601
[1496]	602	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	603	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
	604	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	605
[1551]	606	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
	607	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
	608	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
[1496]	609
	610	CONTAINS
	611
	612	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	613	! Description:
	614	! ------------
[1817]	615	!> Check data output for land surface model
[1496]	616	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1817]	617	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
	618
	619
	620	USE control_parameters, &
	621	ONLY: data_output, message_string
[1496]	622
	623	IMPLICIT NONE
	624
[1817]	625	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	626	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
[1496]	627
[1817]	628	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
	629	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
	630	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
[1496]	631
[1817]	632	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
[1496]	633
[1817]	634	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
	635	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	636	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	637	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	638	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	639	ENDIF
	640	unit = 'm3/m3'
	641
	642	CASE ( 't_soil' )
	643	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	644	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	645	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	646	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	647	ENDIF
	648	unit = 'K'
	649
[1826]	650	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
	651	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
[1817]	652	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
	653	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
	654	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
	655	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
	656	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
	657	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	658	ENDIF
[1826]	659	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	660	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	661	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	662	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	663	ENDIF
[1817]	664	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	665	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	666	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	667	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	668	ENDIF
	669	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	670	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	671	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	672	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	673	ENDIF
	674	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	675	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	676	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	677	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	678	ENDIF
	679	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	680	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	681	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	682	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	683	ENDIF
	684	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	685	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	686	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	687	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	688	ENDIF
	689	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	690	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	691	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	692	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	693	ENDIF
	694	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	695	THEN
	696	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	697	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	698	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	699	ENDIF
	700	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	701	THEN
	702	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	703	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	704	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	705	ENDIF
	706	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	707	THEN
	708	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	709	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	710	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	711	ENDIF
	712	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	713	THEN
	714	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	715	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	716	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	717	ENDIF
	718	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	719	THEN
	720	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	721	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	722	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	723	ENDIF
[1496]	724
[1826]	725	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
[1817]	726	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
	727	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
	728	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
	729	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
	730	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
	731	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	732	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	733	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	734	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	735	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
	736	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
	737	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
	738
	739	CASE DEFAULT
	740	unit = 'illegal'
[1500]	741
[1817]	742	END SELECT
[1551]	743
	744
[1817]	745	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
[1551]	746
[1817]	747	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
	748
	749	USE control_parameters, &
	750	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
[1551]	751
[1817]	752	USE indices
[1691]	753
[1817]	754	USE profil_parameter
[1551]	755
[1817]	756	USE statistics
[1551]	757
[1817]	758	IMPLICIT NONE
	759
	760	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	761	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	762	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
	763
	764	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
	765	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
[1551]	766
[1817]	767	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	768
	769	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
	770	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	771	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
	772	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
	773	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
	774	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	775	ELSE
	776	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
	777	dopr_unit = 'K'
	778	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	779	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
	780	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
	781	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	782	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
	783	ENDIF
	784	unit = dopr_unit
	785	ENDIF
[1551]	786
[1817]	787	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
	788	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	789	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
	790	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
	791	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
	792	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	793	ELSE
	794	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
	795	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
	796	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	797	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
	798	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
	799	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	800	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
	801	ENDIF
	802	unit = dopr_unit
	803	ENDIF
[1551]	804
	805
[1817]	806	CASE DEFAULT
	807	unit = 'illegal'
[1500]	808
[1817]	809	END SELECT
[1496]	810
	811
[1817]	812	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	813
	814
	815	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	816	! Description:
	817	! ------------
	818	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
	819	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	820	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
[1496]	821
[1817]	822	USE control_parameters, &
	823	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
	824	most_method, topography
	825
	826	USE radiation_model_mod, &
	827	ONLY: radiation
	828
	829
	830	IMPLICIT NONE
	831
	832
[1496]	833	!
[1817]	834	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
	835	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
	836	!-- model
	837	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
	838	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
	839	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
	840	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
	841	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	842	ENDIF
[1496]	843
[1817]	844	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
	845	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
	846	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
	847	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1496]	848	ENDIF
	849
[1817]	850	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
	851	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
	852	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
	853	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	854	ENDIF
[1496]	855
[1817]	856	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
	857	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	858	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
	859	'allowed in combination with ', &
	860	'most_method = ', most_method
	861	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	862	ENDIF
[1496]	863
[1817]	864	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
	865	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
	866	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	867	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
	868	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
	869	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	870	ENDIF
[1551]	871
[1817]	872	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	873	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
	874	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
	875	'/= 9999999.9'
	876	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	877	ENDIF
	878
[1817]	879	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	880	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	881	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
	882	'/= 9999999.9'
	883	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	884	ENDIF
	885
[1817]	886	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	887	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	888	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
	889	'/= 9999999.9'
	890	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	891	ENDIF
	892
[1817]	893	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
	894	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	895	'requires setting of'// &
	896	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
	897	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	898	ENDIF
	899
[1817]	900	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	901	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	902	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
	903	'/= 9999999.9'
	904	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	905	ENDIF
	906
[1817]	907	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	908	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	909	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
	910	'/= 9999999.9'
	911	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	912	ENDIF
	913
[1817]	914	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	915	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	916	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
	917	'/= 9999999.9'
	918	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	919	ENDIF
	920
[1817]	921	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	922	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	923	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
	924	'/= 9999999.9'
	925	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	926	ENDIF
	927
[1817]	928	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	929	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	930	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
	931	'/= 9999999.9'
	932	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	933	ENDIF
[1496]	934
[1551]	935
	936	ENDIF
	937
[1817]	938	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
[1496]	939
[1817]	940	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	941	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	942	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
	943	'/= 9999999.9'
	944	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	945	ENDIF
[1817]	946
	947	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	948	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	949	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
	950	'/= 9999999.9'
	951	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	952	ENDIF
[1817]	953
	954	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	955	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	956	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
	957	'/= 9999999.9'
	958	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	959	ENDIF
[1817]	960
	961	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	962	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	963	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
	964	'/= 9999999.9'
	965	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	966	ENDIF
[1817]	967
	968	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	969	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	970	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
	971	'/= 9999999.9'
	972	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	973	ENDIF
[1817]	974
	975	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	976	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	977	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
	978	'/= 9999999.9'
	979	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	980	ENDIF
[1496]	981
[1817]	982	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	983	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	984	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
	985	'/= 9999999.9'
	986	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	987	ENDIF
[1496]	988
[1817]	989	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	990	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	991	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
	992	'/= 9999999.9'
	993	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1553]	994	ENDIF
	995
[1496]	996	ENDIF
	997
[1817]	998	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
	999	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
	1000	'radiation = .T.'
	1001	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1788]	1002	ENDIF
[1817]	1003
	1004
	1005	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
	1006
[1496]	1007	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1008	! Description:
	1009	! ------------
[1682]	1010	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
[1496]	1011	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1012	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1013
	1014
	1015	IMPLICIT NONE
	1016
[1682]	1017	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1018	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1019	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
[1496]	1020
[1788]	1021	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
	1022	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
[1682]	1023	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
	1024	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
	1025	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
	1026	e, & !< water vapour pressure
	1027	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
	1028	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
	1029	tend, & !< tendency
	1030	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
	1031	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	1032	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	1033	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
	1034	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
	1035	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
	1036	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
	1037	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
	1038	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
[1691]	1039	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
[1709]	1040	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
	1041	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
[1496]	1042
	1043	!
	1044	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
	1045	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1046
[1691]	1047	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1048	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1500]	1049	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
[1496]	1050
	1051	!
[1788]	1052	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
	1053	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1054
	1055	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
	1056
	1057	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
	1058	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
	1059	ELSE
	1060	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
	1061	ENDIF
[1496]	1062	ELSE
[1788]	1063
	1064	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
	1065	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
	1066
[1496]	1067	ENDIF
[1500]	1068
[1496]	1069	!
[1500]	1070	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
	1071	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
	1072	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
	1073	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
[1691]	1074	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
[1709]	1075	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
	1076	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1077	ELSE
[1709]	1078	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
	1079	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1080	ENDIF
[1496]	1081
[1709]	1082	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
[1691]	1083
[1496]	1084	!
[1856]	1085	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
	1086	!-- stratification
	1087	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
[1709]	1088
	1089	!
[1496]	1090	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
	1091	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
	1092
[1551]	1093	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
	1094	!-- night)
[1585]	1095	IF ( radiation_scheme /= 'constant' ) THEN
[1709]	1096	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
	1097	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
[1585]	1098	+ 1.0_wp)) )
[1551]	1099	ELSE
	1100	f1 = 1.0_wp
	1101	ENDIF
[1496]	1102
[1709]	1103
[1496]	1104	!
[1551]	1105	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
	1106	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
	1107	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
[1496]	1108	m_total = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1109	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	1110	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
	1111	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
[1496]	1112	ENDDO
	1113
[1788]	1114	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1496]	1115	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
[1691]	1116	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1117	f2 = 1.0_wp
[1496]	1118	ELSE
	1119	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
	1120	ENDIF
	1121
	1122	!
	1123	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1551]	1124	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
	1125	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	1126
	1127	!
	1128	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
[1551]	1129	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1130	!
	1131	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
[1709]	1132	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
[1551]	1133	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
[1496]	1134	ELSE
	1135	f3 = 1.0_wp
	1136	ENDIF
	1137
	1138	!
[1551]	1139	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
	1140	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
[1496]	1141	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
[1551]	1142	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
	1143	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
[1496]	1144
	1145	!
[1551]	1146	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
	1147	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
[1788]	1148	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
[1551]	1149	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
	1150	m_res(j,i)
	1151	ELSE
	1152	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
	1153	ENDIF
[1496]	1154
[1551]	1155	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
[1513]	1156	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
[1551]	1157	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
[1496]	1158
	1159	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
	1160
	1161	!
[1788]	1162	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
	1163	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
	1164	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
	1165	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
	1166	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
	1167	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
	1168	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1169	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
	1170	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
	1171	ELSE
	1172	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
	1173	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
	1174	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
	1175	ENDIF
[1496]	1176
[1551]	1177	!
	1178	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
[1496]	1179	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
[1500]	1180
	1181	!
[1551]	1182	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
	1183	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
[1788]	1184	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
[1551]	1185	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1186	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1187	ENDIF
[1496]	1188
	1189	!
	1190	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
[1788]	1191	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
	1192	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
	1193	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1194	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1195	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1196	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
	1197	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
	1198	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1199	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1200	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
	1201	ELSE
	1202	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
	1203	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
	1204	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
[1551]	1205	r_soil(j,i))
[1788]	1206	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
	1207	ENDIF
[1500]	1208	!
	1209	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
	1210	!-- transpirate.
[1691]	1211	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1212	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1213	! ENDIF
[1496]	1214
[1551]	1215	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
	1216	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
	1217
	1218	!
[1496]	1219	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
[1571]	1220	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
[1551]	1221	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
	1222	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
[1496]	1223
[1571]	1224	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
[1496]	1225
	1226	!
	1227	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
[1691]	1228	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
[1496]	1229
[1788]	1230	!
	1231	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
[1500]	1232	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1691]	1233	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1496]	1234	!
[1500]	1235	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1236	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1237	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1238	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1239	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1240	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1496]	1241
	1242	!
[1500]	1243	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1244	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
[1691]	1245	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
	1246	#else
[1496]	1247
[1691]	1248	!
	1249	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1250	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1251	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 &
[1709]	1252	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 &
[1691]	1253	- q_s + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) &
	1254	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1255
	1256	!
[1709]	1257	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
	1258	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws &
	1259	* dq_s_dt + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1260
	1261	#endif
[1500]	1262	ELSE
	1263
[1691]	1264	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1500]	1265	!
	1266	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1267	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1268	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1269	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1270	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1500]	1271
	1272	!
	1273	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1274	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1275	#else
	1276
	1277	!
	1278	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1279	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
[1709]	1280	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 + f_shf * pt1 &
[1691]	1281	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1282
	1283	!
	1284	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1571]	1285	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 &
[1551]	1286	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1287	#endif
[1500]	1288	ENDIF
	1289
[1496]	1290	tend = 0.0_wp
	1291
	1292	!
[1551]	1293	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
[1496]	1294	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
[1788]	1295	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
	1296	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
	1297	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
	1298
[1496]	1299	!
	1300	!-- Add RK3 term
[1788]	1301	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1302
[1691]	1303	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1304	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1305
[1496]	1306	!
[1691]	1307	!-- Calculate true tendency
	1308	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1309	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
[1496]	1310	!
[1691]	1311	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	1312	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1313	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	1314	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
	1315	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1316	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1317	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1318	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1319	ENDIF
[1496]	1320	ENDIF
	1321	ENDIF
	1322
	1323	!
[1757]	1324	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
	1325	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
	1326	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
	1327	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
	1328	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
	1329	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
	1330	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
	1331	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
[1788]	1332	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
[1757]	1333	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
[1691]	1334	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
	1335	ENDIF
	1336
	1337	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
	1338
	1339	!
[1496]	1340	!-- Calculate fluxes
[1691]	1341	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1709]	1342	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1343	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1344	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
[1691]	1345
	1346	IF ( rrtm_idrv == 1 ) THEN
	1347	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
	1348	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1349	+ rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1350	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
	1351	ENDIF
	1352	#else
	1353	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1354	* t_surface(j,i)*4 - 4.0_wp sigma_sb &
	1355	* t_surface(j,i)*3 t_surface_p(j,i)
	1356	#endif
	1357
[1551]	1358	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
	1359	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
[1496]	1360
[1709]	1361	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1362
	1363	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
	1364
[1500]	1365	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1709]	1366	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1367	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1496]	1368
[1691]	1369	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
	1370
[1709]	1371	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1372	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1373	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1374
[1709]	1375	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1376	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1377	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1378
[1709]	1379	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1380	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1381	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1500]	1382	ENDIF
[1788]	1383
[1500]	1384	!
	1385	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
[1691]	1386	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1387	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
[1496]	1388	ELSE
[1788]	1389	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1390	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
[1551]	1391	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
[1496]	1392	ENDIF
	1393
	1394	!
	1395	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
[1500]	1396	!-- evaporation of liquid water
	1397	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1496]	1398	!
[1571]	1399	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
	1400	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
[1500]	1401	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
	1402	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
[1571]	1403
	1404	!
	1405	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
[1788]	1406	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
	1407	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
	1408	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
[1691]	1409	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1571]	1410	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1411	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1412	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1413	ELSE
	1414	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1415	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1416	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1417	ENDIF
	1418
	1419	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
	1420	!-- coverage.
[1949]	1421	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) + (1.0_wp &
[1691]	1422	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1423	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
[1496]	1424	ENDIF
[1691]	1425
[1500]	1426	!
	1427	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
[1691]	1428	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1429
[1500]	1430	!
[1551]	1431	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
	1432	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
	1433	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
	1434	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
[1691]	1435	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1551]	1436	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
	1437	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
[1949]	1438
[1551]	1439	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1440	ENDIF
[1496]	1441
	1442	!
[1551]	1443	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
	1444	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
[1500]	1445	!-- plant
[1691]	1446	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1447	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
	1448	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1449	ENDIF
	1450	ENDIF
[1496]	1451
[1551]	1452	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
[1496]	1453
[1551]	1454	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
	1455	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
[1496]	1456
	1457	!
[1500]	1458	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
	1459	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1460	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
[1496]	1461
	1462	!
[1500]	1463	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
	1464	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1465	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
[1496]	1466
	1467
	1468	!
[1551]	1469	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
[1500]	1470	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1471	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1472	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
[1500]	1473	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1474	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1475	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1476	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
[1500]	1477	ENDIF
[1496]	1478	ENDIF
	1479
[1500]	1480	ENDIF
	1481
[1496]	1482	ENDDO
[1500]	1483	ENDDO
[1496]	1484
[1691]	1485	!
	1486	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
[1757]	1487	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
[1788]	1488	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
[1757]	1489	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
[1697]	1490	#if defined( __parallel )
[1691]	1491	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1492	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
	1493	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	1494	#else
	1495	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
	1496	#endif
	1497	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
	1498	ENDIF
	1499
[1788]	1500	!
	1501	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
	1502	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1503	CALL calc_q_surface
	1504	ENDIF
[1691]	1505
[1788]	1506	!
	1507	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
	1508	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
	1509
	1510
[1496]	1511	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1512
[1817]	1513	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1514	! Description:
	1515	! ------------
	1516	!> Header output for land surface model
	1517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1518	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
[1496]	1519
[1817]	1520
	1521	IMPLICIT NONE
	1522
	1523	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
	1524	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
	1525	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
	1526	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
	1527	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
	1528	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
	1529
	1530	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
	1531
	1532	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	1533
	1534	t_soil_chr = ''
	1535	m_soil_chr = ''
	1536	soil_depth_chr = ''
	1537	roots_chr = ''
	1538	vertical_index_chr = ''
	1539
	1540	i = 1
	1541	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1542	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
	1543	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1544
	1545	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
	1546	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1547
	1548	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
	1549	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1550
	1551	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
	1552	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1553
	1554	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
	1555	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
	1556	TRIM( coor_chr )
	1557	ENDDO
	1558
	1559	!
	1560	!-- Write land surface model header
	1561	WRITE( io, 1 )
	1562	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
	1563	WRITE( io, 2 )
	1564	ELSE
	1565	WRITE( io, 3 )
	1566	ENDIF
	1567
	1568	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
	1569	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
	1570	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
	1571	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
	1572	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
	1573
	1574	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
	1575	' ------------------------------'/)
[1826]	1576	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
	1577	', default)')
	1578	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
	1579	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
	1580	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
[1817]	1581	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
	1582	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	1583	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
	1584	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
	1585	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
[1826]	1586	' Grid point: ',A)
[1817]	1587
	1588	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
	1589
	1590
[1496]	1591	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1592	! Description:
	1593	! ------------
[1817]	1594	!> Initialization of the land surface model
	1595	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1596	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
	1597
	1598
	1599	IMPLICIT NONE
	1600
	1601	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1602	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1603	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
	1604
	1605	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
	1606
	1607
	1608	!
	1609	!-- Calculate Exner function
	1610	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1611
	1612
	1613	!
	1614	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
	1615	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
	1616	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
	1617	ENDIF
	1618
	1619	!
	1620	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
	1621	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
	1622	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
	1623	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
	1624	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
	1625
	1626	!
	1627	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
	1628	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
	1629	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
	1630	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
	1631	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
	1632	c_liq = 0.0_wp
	1633
	1634	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
	1635	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
	1636
	1637	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1826]	1638	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
[1817]	1639	ELSE
	1640	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
	1641	ENDIF
	1642
	1643	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	1644	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
	1645	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
	1646
	1647	r_a = 50.0_wp
	1648	r_s = 50.0_wp
	1649	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
	1650	r_soil = 0.0_wp
	1651
	1652	!
	1653	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
	1654	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1655	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1656	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1657
	1658	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
	1659	!
	1660	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
	1661	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1662	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1663	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1664
	1665	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
	1666	ENDIF
	1667
	1668	!
	1669	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
	1670	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
	1671	!-- at the centers
	1672	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
	1673
	1674	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	1675	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
	1676	ENDDO
	1677	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
	1678
	1679	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	1680	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
	1681	ENDDO
	1682	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
	1683
	1684	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
	1685	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
	1686
	1687	!
	1688	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
	1689	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
	1690	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
	1691	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
	1692
	1693	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1694	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	1695	ENDIF
	1696
	1697	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1698	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	1699	ENDIF
	1700
	1701	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1702	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	1703	ENDIF
	1704
	1705	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1706	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	1707	ENDIF
	1708
	1709	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1710	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	1711	ENDIF
	1712
	1713	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1714	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	1715	ENDIF
	1716
	1717	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1718	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	1719	ENDIF
	1720
	1721	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1722	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	1723	ENDIF
	1724
	1725	ENDIF
	1726
	1727	!
	1728	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
	1729	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
	1730	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
	1731	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
	1732	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
	1733	m_sat = saturation_moisture
	1734	m_fc = field_capacity
	1735	m_wilt = wilting_point
	1736	m_res = residual_moisture
	1737	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
	1738
	1739	!
	1740	!-- Initial run actions
	1741	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	1742
	1743	t_soil = 0.0_wp
	1744	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	1745	m_soil = 0.0_wp
	1746
	1747	!
	1748	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
	1749	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
	1750	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
	1751	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1752	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
	1753	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
	1754	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
	1755	ENDDO
	1756	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
	1757
	1758	!
	1759	!-- Calculate surface temperature
	1760	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
	1761
	1762	!
	1763	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
	1764	!-- for the first time step
	1765	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1766	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1767	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1768
	1769	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1770	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
	1771	ELSE
	1772	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
	1773	ENDIF
	1774
	1775	!
	1776	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
	1777	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
	1778
	1779	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
	1780	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
	1781	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
	1782	ENDDO
	1783	ENDDO
	1784
	1785	!
	1786	!-- Actions for restart runs
	1787	ELSE
	1788
	1789	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1790	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1791	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1792	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
	1793	ENDDO
	1794	ENDDO
	1795
	1796	ENDIF
	1797
	1798	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1799	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
	1800	ENDDO
	1801
	1802	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
	1803	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1804	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
	1805	ENDIF
	1806	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1807	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
	1808	ENDIF
	1809	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1810	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
	1811	ENDIF
	1812	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1813	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
	1814	ENDIF
	1815	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1816	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
	1817	ENDIF
	1818	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1819	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
	1820	ENDIF
	1821	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1822	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
	1823	ENDIF
	1824	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1825	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	1826	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	1827	ENDIF
	1828	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1829	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
	1830	ENDIF
	1831	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1832	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
	1833	ENDIF
	1834	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1835
	1836	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	1837	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1838	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	1839	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	1840	ENDDO
	1841	ENDIF
	1842
	1843	ELSE
	1844
	1845	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1846	z0_eb = roughness_length
	1847	ENDIF
	1848	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1849	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	1850	ENDIF
	1851	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1852	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	1853	ENDIF
	1854
	1855	ENDIF
	1856
	1857	!
	1858	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
	1859	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
	1860	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
	1861	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1862	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
	1863	ELSE
	1864	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
	1865	ENDIF
	1866	ENDIF
	1867
	1868	!
	1869	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
	1870	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
	1871	veg_type_2d = veg_type
	1872	soil_type_2d = soil_type
	1873
	1874	!
	1875	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
	1876	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
	1877	lai = leaf_area_index
	1878	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
	1879	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
	1880	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
	1881	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
	1882	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
	1883	z0 = z0_eb
	1884	z0h = z0h_eb
	1885	z0q = z0q_eb
	1886
	1887	!
	1888	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
	1889	CALL user_init_land_surface
	1890
	1891	!
	1892	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
	1893	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
	1894	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1895	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1896	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
	1897	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
[1856]	1898	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
[1817]	1899	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
	1900	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
	1901	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1902	ENDIF
	1903
	1904	ENDDO
	1905	ENDDO
	1906
	1907	!
	1908	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
	1909	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
	1910
	1911	t_soil_p = t_soil
	1912	m_soil_p = m_soil
	1913	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
	1914	t_surface_p = t_surface
	1915
	1916
	1917
	1918	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
	1919	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
	1920	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	1921	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	1922	statistic_regions+1 )
	1923	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	1924	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	1925	statistic_regions+1 )
	1926
	1927	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
	1928
	1929
	1930	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1931	! Description:
	1932	! ------------
	1933	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
	1934	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1935	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
	1936
	1937
	1938	IMPLICIT NONE
	1939
	1940	!
	1941	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
	1942	#if defined( __nopointer )
	1943	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1944	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1945	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1946	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1947	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1948	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1949	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1950	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1951	#else
	1952	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1953	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1954	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1955	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1956	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1957	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1958	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1959	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1960	#endif
	1961
	1962	!
	1963	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
	1964	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1965	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1966	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1967	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1968
	1969	!
	1970	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
	1971	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1972	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1973	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1974	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1975	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1976	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1977	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1978	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1979	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1980	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1981	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1982	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1983	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1984	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1985	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1986	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1987	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1988	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1989	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1990	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1991	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1992	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1993	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1994	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1995	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1996	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1997	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1998	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1999	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2000	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2001	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2002	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2003	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2004
	2005	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
	2006	!
	2007	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
	2008	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
	2009	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	2010	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	2011	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
	2012	#endif
	2013
	2014
	2015	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
	2016
	2017
	2018	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2019	! Description:
	2020	! ------------
	2021	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
	2022	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2023	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
	2024
	2025
	2026	IMPLICIT NONE
	2027
	2028	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	2029
	2030	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
	2031	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
	2032	conserve_water_content, &
	2033	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
	2034	hydraulic_conductivity, &
	2035	lambda_surface_stable, &
	2036	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
	2037	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
	2038	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
	2039	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
	2040	pave_heat_conductivity, &
	2041	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
	2042	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
	2043	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
	2044	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
	2045	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
	2046
	2047	line = ' '
	2048
	2049	!
	2050	!-- Try to find land surface model package
	2051	REWIND ( 11 )
	2052	line = ' '
	2053	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
	2054	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	2055	ENDDO
	2056	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	2057
	2058	!
	2059	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	2060	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
	2061
	2062	!
	2063	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
	2064	land_surface = .TRUE.
	2065
	2066	10 CONTINUE
	2067
	2068
	2069	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
	2070
	2071
	2072	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2073	! Description:
	2074	! ------------
[1682]	2075	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
	2076	!> temperature and water content.
[1496]	2077	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2078	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	2079
	2080
	2081	IMPLICIT NONE
	2082
[1682]	2083	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2084	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2085	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1496]	2086
[1682]	2087	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
[1496]	2088
[1682]	2089	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
[1691]	2090	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
	2091	tend !< tendency
[1496]	2092
[1691]	2093	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2094	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1788]	2095
	2096	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2097	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
	2098	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
	2099	ENDIF
	2100
	2101	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2102	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2103
	2104
	2105	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
	2106
	2107	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
	2108	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
	2109
	2110	ELSE
[1496]	2111	!
[1788]	2112	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
	2113	!-- into account water content
	2114	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
	2115	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
[1496]	2116
	2117	!
[1788]	2118	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
	2119	!-- layers
	2120	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
	2121	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
[1691]	2122
[1817]	2123	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
	2124	/ m_sat(j,i)))
[1691]	2125
[1788]	2126	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
	2127	lambda_h_dry
	2128	ENDIF
[1496]	2129
[1788]	2130	ENDDO
[1496]	2131
	2132	!
[1788]	2133	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
	2134	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
	2135	!-- true pavement depth is considered
	2136	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	2137	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
	2138	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
	2139	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
	2140	* lambda_temp(k) &
	2141	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
	2142	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
	2143	ELSE
	2144	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
	2145	* 0.5_wp
	2146	ENDIF
	2147	ENDDO
	2148	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
[1496]	2149
[1788]	2150
	2151
	2152
[1496]	2153	!
[1788]	2154	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
	2155	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
[1496]	2156
[1788]	2157	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
	2158	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
	2159	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
	2160	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1691]	2161
[1788]	2162	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	2163	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
	2164	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
	2165	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
	2166	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
	2167	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
	2168	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2169	* ddz_soil(k) &
	2170	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
[1691]	2171
[1788]	2172	ENDDO
[1691]	2173
[1788]	2174	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
	2175	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
	2176	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
	2177	+ tsc(3) &
	2178	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
[1496]	2179
	2180	!
[1788]	2181	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	2182	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	2183	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	2184	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2185	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	2186	ENDDO
	2187	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	2188	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	2189	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2190	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
[1551]	2191	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1788]	2192	ENDDO
	2193	ENDIF
[1496]	2194	ENDIF
	2195
	2196
[1788]	2197	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	2198
[1496]	2199	!
[1788]	2200	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
	2201	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
	2202	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
	2203	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
	2204	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
[1496]	2205
	2206	!
[1788]	2207	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
	2208	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
[1551]	2209	!
[1788]	2210	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
	2211	!-- (1980)
	2212	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
	2213	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
	2214	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
	2215	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
[1496]	2216
[1691]	2217
[1788]	2218	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
	2219	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
	2220	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
	2221	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
	2222	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
	2223	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
	2224	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
	2225	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
[1496]	2226
[1551]	2227	!
[1788]	2228	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
	2229	ELSE
	2230	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
	2231	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
	2232	ENDIF
[1551]	2233
[1788]	2234	ENDDO
[1496]	2235
	2236	!
[1788]	2237	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
	2238	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
	2239	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
	2240	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2241	!
	2242	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
	2243	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
	2244	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
	2245	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	2246
[1788]	2247	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
	2248	* 0.5_wp
	2249	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
	2250	* 0.5_wp
[1496]	2251
[1788]	2252	ENDDO
[1496]	2253
	2254	!
	2255	!
[1817]	2256	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
	2257	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
	2258	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
[1788]	2259	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
	2260	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	2261	ELSE
	2262	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
	2263	ENDIF
[1496]	2264
[1817]	2265	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
	2266	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
	2267	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
	2268	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
	2269	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
	2270	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
	2271	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
	2272	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
[1496]	2273
	2274	!
[1817]	2275	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
	2276	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
	2277	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
	2278	!-- additional check.
[1691]	2279	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1788]	2280	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
	2281	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
	2282	ENDIF
	2283	ENDDO
[1496]	2284
[1788]	2285	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2286	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2287	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
[1817]	2288	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
	2289	/ m_total
[1788]	2290	ELSE
	2291	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
	2292	ENDIF
	2293	ENDDO
	2294	ENDIF
	2295
[1496]	2296	!
[1788]	2297	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
	2298	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
	2299
	2300	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
[1551]	2301	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
[1691]	2302	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
[1788]	2303	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
	2304	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
	2305	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1496]	2306
[1788]	2307	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
	2308	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
	2309	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
	2310	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
	2311	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
	2312	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
	2313	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
	2314	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
	2315	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
[1496]	2316
[1788]	2317	ENDDO
	2318	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	2319	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
	2320	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	2321	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
	2322	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
	2323	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
	2324	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
	2325	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
	2326	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
[1496]	2327
[1788]	2328	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
	2329	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
	2330	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
	2331
[1496]	2332	!
[1788]	2333	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
	2334	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2335	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	2336	ENDDO
[1496]	2337
	2338	!
[1788]	2339	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	2340	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	2341	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	2342	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2343	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	2344	ENDDO
	2345	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	2346	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	2347	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2348	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
[1496]	2349	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1788]	2350	ENDDO
	2351	ENDIF
[1496]	2352	ENDIF
[1788]	2353
[1496]	2354	ENDIF
	2355
	2356	ENDIF
	2357
	2358	ENDDO
	2359	ENDDO
	2360
[1788]	2361	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	2362
[1817]	2363
	2364	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2365	! Description:
	2366	! ------------
	2367	!> Swapping of timelevels
	2368	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2369	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
[1788]	2370
[1817]	2371	IMPLICIT NONE
	2372
	2373	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
	2374
	2375	#if defined( __nopointer )
	2376
	2377	t_surface = t_surface_p
	2378	t_soil = t_soil_p
	2379	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2380	m_soil = m_soil_p
	2381	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
	2382	ENDIF
	2383
	2384	#else
	2385
	2386	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
	2387
	2388	CASE ( 0 )
	2389
	2390	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	2391	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
	2392	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2393	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	2394	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
	2395	ENDIF
	2396
	2397
	2398	CASE ( 1 )
	2399
	2400	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
	2401	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
	2402	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2403	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
	2404	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
	2405	ENDIF
	2406
	2407	END SELECT
	2408	#endif
	2409
	2410	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
	2411
	2412
[1788]	2413	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2414	! Description:
	2415	! ------------
	2416	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
	2417	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
	2418	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
	2419	!> 2012)
	2420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2421	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
	2422
	2423	USE control_parameters, &
	2424	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
	2425
	2426	IMPLICIT NONE
	2427
	2428	INTEGER :: i !< running index
	2429	INTEGER :: j !< running index
	2430
	2431	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
	2432	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
	2433	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
	2434	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
	2435
	2436
	2437	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2438	DO j = nysg, nyng
	2439	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2440
[1496]	2441	!
[1788]	2442	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
	2443	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
	2444	!-- length
	2445	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
	2446	!
	2447	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
	2448	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
	2449	!
	2450	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
	2451	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
[1496]	2452
[1788]	2453	!
	2454	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
	2455	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
	2456	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
	2457	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
	2458	! ENDIF
[1496]	2459
[1788]	2460	!
	2461	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
	2462	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
	2463	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
	2464	!-- Charnock relation is used.
	2465	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
	2466	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
[1496]	2467
[1788]	2468	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
	2469	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
[1496]	2470
[1788]	2471	ENDIF
	2472	ENDDO
	2473	ENDDO
	2474
	2475	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
	2476
	2477
[1496]	2478	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2479	! Description:
	2480	! ------------
[1788]	2481	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
	2482	!> that the skin is always saturated.
[1496]	2483	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1551]	2484	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	2485
	2486	IMPLICIT NONE
	2487
[1682]	2488	INTEGER :: i !< running index
	2489	INTEGER :: j !< running index
	2490	INTEGER :: k !< running index
[1788]	2491
[1682]	2492	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
[1496]	2493
[1691]	2494	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2495	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1496]	2496	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	2497
	2498	!
	2499	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1691]	2500	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
	2501	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	2502
	2503	!
	2504	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
	2505	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
	2506
	2507	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
	2508
	2509	!
	2510	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
[1691]	2511	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	2512	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	2513	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
	2514	ELSE
	2515	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	2516	* q(k+1,j,i)
	2517	ENDIF
[1496]	2518
[1691]	2519	!
	2520	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
	2521	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	2522
[1496]	2523	ENDDO
	2524	ENDDO
	2525
[1551]	2526	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	2527
[1788]	2528
[1496]	2529	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |