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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 1949

Last change on this file since 1949 was 1949, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
bugfixes in output of land surface variables
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 109.9 KB

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[1817]	1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
[1496]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1818]	16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1496]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
	19	! Current revisions:
	20	! -----------------
[1949]	21	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
	22	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
[1789]	23	!
	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga $
	27	!
[1857]	28	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
	29	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
	30	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
	31	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
	32	!
[1851]	33	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
	34	! prr moved to arrays_3d
[1852]	35	!
[1827]	36	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	37	! Cleanup after modularization
	38	!
[1818]	39	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
	40	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
	41	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
	42	!
[1789]	43	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
[1788]	44	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
	45	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
	46	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
	47	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
	48	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
	49	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
	50	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
	51	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
	52	! Syntax layout improved.
	53	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
[1758]	54	!
[1784]	55	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	56	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
	57	!
[1758]	58	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
[1757]	59	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
	60	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
	61	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
	62	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
	63	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
[1710]	64	!
	65	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
[1709]	66	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
	67	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
	68	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	69	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	70	! Added todo action
[1698]	71	!
	72	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	73	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
	74	!
	75	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
[1692]	76	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
[1696]	77	! Replaced rif with ol
	78	!
[1692]	79	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
[1691]	80	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
	81	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
	82	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
	83	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
[1552]	84	!
[1683]	85	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	86	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	87	!
[1591]	88	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
	89	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
	90	!
[1586]	91	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
	92	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
	93	!
[1572]	94	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
	95	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
	96	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
	97	!
[1556]	98	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
	99	! Added output of r_a and r_s
	100	!
[1554]	101	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
	102	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
	103	! profile
	104	!
[1552]	105	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
[1551]	106	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
	107	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
	108	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
	109	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
	110	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
	111	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
	112	! calculation
[1496]	113	!
[1514]	114	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
[1496]	115	!
[1501]	116	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
	117	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
	118	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
	119	! Added support for dry runs.
	120	!
[1497]	121	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	122	! Initial revision
	123	!
[1496]	124	!
	125	! Description:
	126	! ------------
[1682]	127	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
	128	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
	129	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
	130	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
	131	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
	132	!>
[1691]	133	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
[1709]	134	!> skin layer.
[1788]	135	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
[1691]	136	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
	137	!> nzt_soil=3)).
	138	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
	139	!> with considerable precipitation.
[1709]	140	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
[1682]	141	!>
[1709]	142	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
	143	!> become too thin.
[1496]	144	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	145	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
	146
[1691]	147	USE arrays_3d, &
[1849]	148	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
	149	z0h, z0q
[1496]	150
[1691]	151	USE cloud_parameters, &
[1849]	152	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
[1496]	153
[1691]	154	USE control_parameters, &
	155	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
	156	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
[1817]	157	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
	158	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
	159	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
[1496]	160
[1691]	161	USE indices, &
	162	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
[1496]	163
[1691]	164	USE kinds
[1496]	165
[1691]	166	USE pegrid
[1496]	167
[1691]	168	USE radiation_model_mod, &
	169	ONLY: force_radiation_call, radiation_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, &
[1757]	170	rad_lw_out, rad_lw_out_change_0, sigma_sb, &
	171	unscheduled_radiation_calls
[1691]	172
	173	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
	174	USE radiation_model_mod, &
[1709]	175	ONLY: rrtm_idrv
[1691]	176	#endif
[1496]	177
[1691]	178	USE statistics, &
	179	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
	180
[1496]	181	IMPLICIT NONE
	182
	183	!
	184	!-- LSM model constants
[1682]	185	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
	186	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
	187	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
[1496]	188
	189	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
[1551]	190	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
	191	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
[1496]	192	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
	193	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
	194	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
[1551]	195	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
	196	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
[1496]	197	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
	198
	199
	200	!
	201	!-- LSM variables
[1788]	202	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
	203	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
[1496]	204
[1788]	205	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
	206	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
	207
	208	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
	209	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
	210	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
	211
[1691]	212	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
	213	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
	214	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
[1496]	215
	216	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
	217	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
[1682]	218	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
	219	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
	220	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
	221	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
	222	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
	223	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
	224	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
	225	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
	226	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
	227	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
[1691]	228	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
[1682]	229	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
	230	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
	231	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
	232	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
	233	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
	234	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
	235	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
	236	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
[1788]	237	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
	238	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
	239	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
[1682]	240	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
	241	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
	242	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
	243	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
	244	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
	245	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
[1691]	246	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
[1682]	247	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
	248	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
	249	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
[1788]	250	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
	251	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
[1496]	252
[1551]	253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
[1691]	254	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
	255	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
	256	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
[1551]	257	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
[1682]	258	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
	259	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
	260	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
[1496]	261
[1551]	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
[1691]	263	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
	264	283.0_wp /), &
	265	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
	266	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
[1496]	267
	268	#if defined( __nopointer )
[1682]	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
	270	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
	271	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	272	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	273	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
[1496]	274	#else
[1551]	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
	276	t_surface_p, &
	277	m_liq_eb, &
	278	m_liq_eb_p
[1496]	279
[1551]	280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
	281	m_liq_eb_av, &
	282	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
[1496]	283	#endif
	284
	285	!
	286	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
[1682]	287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
	288	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
[1496]	289
	290	!
	291	!-- Energy balance variables
[1691]	292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	293	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	294	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
	295	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
	296	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
	297	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
	298	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
	299	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
	300	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
	301	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
	302	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
	303	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
	304	lai, & !< leaf area index
	305	lai_av, & !< average of lai
[1691]	306	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
	307	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
[1682]	308	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	309	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
	310	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
	311	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
	312	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
	313	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
	314	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
	315	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
	316	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
	317	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
	318	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
	319	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
	320	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
	321	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
	322	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
	323	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
[1709]	324	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
[1682]	325	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
[1691]	326	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
[1682]	327	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
	328	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
[1691]	329	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
[1682]	330	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
	331	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
	332	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
[1496]	333
[1691]	334
[1496]	335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1788]	336	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
[1682]	337	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
[1788]	338	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
[1682]	339	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
[1496]	340
	341	#if defined( __nopointer )
	342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1682]	343	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
	344	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
	345	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
	346	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
	347	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
	348	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
[1496]	349	#else
	350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
[1551]	351	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
[1496]	352	m_soil, m_soil_p
	353
	354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1551]	355	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
	356	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
[1496]	357	#endif
	358
	359
	360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1757]	361	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
	362	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
[1682]	363	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
[1496]	364
[1551]	365
[1496]	366	!
[1551]	367	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
[1788]	368	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
[1590]	369	'user defined ', & ! 0
	370	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
	371	'short grass ', & ! 2
[1585]	372	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
	373	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
[1590]	374	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
	375	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
	376	'tall grass ', & ! 7
	377	'desert ', & ! 8
	378	'tundra ', & ! 9
	379	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
	380	'semidesert ', & ! 11
	381	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
	382	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
	383	'inland water ', & ! 14
	384	'ocean ', & ! 15
	385	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
	386	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
	387	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
[1788]	388	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
	389	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
[1585]	390	/)
[1496]	391
	392	!
[1551]	393	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
[1585]	394	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
	395	'user defined', & ! 0
[1590]	396	'coarse ', & ! 1
	397	'medium ', & ! 2
	398	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
	399	'fine ', & ! 4
	400	'very fine ', & ! 5
	401	'organic ', & ! 6
	402	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
[1585]	403	/)
[1551]	404	!
	405	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
	406
	407	!
	408	!-- Land surface parameters I
	409	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
[1788]	410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	411	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
	412	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
	413	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	414	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	415	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	416	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
	417	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
	418	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	419	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	420	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
	421	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
	422	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	423	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
	424	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	425	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	426	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
	427	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
	428	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	429	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
	430	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	431	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
[1496]	432
	433	!
[1788]	434	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
	435	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
	436	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
	437	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
	438	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
	439	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
	440	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
	441	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
	442	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
	443	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
	444	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
	445	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
	446	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
	447	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
	448	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
	449	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	450	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	451	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
	452	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
	453	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
	454	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
	455	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
	456	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
[1496]	457
	458	!
[1551]	459	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
[1788]	460	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	461	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
	462	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
	463	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	464	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	465	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	466	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
	467	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
	468	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	469	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
	470	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
	471	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
	472	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	473	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
[1788]	474	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	475	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
[1585]	476	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
	477	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
	478	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	479	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
	480	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	481	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
[1496]	482
	483	!
	484	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
[1788]	485	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	486	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
	487	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
	488	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
	489	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
	490	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
	491	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
	492	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
	493	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	494	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	495	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
	496	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
	497	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	498	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
	499	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	500	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	501	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
	502	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
	503	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	504	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
	505	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	506	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
[1496]	507
	508	!
	509	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
[1551]	510
[1496]	511	!
[1551]	512	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
[1585]	513	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	514	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
	515	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
	516	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
	517	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
	518	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	519	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
	520	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
	521	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	522
	523	!
	524	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
[1585]	525	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	526	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
	527	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
	528	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
	529	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
	530	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	531	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
	532	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
	533	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	534
	535
	536	SAVE
	537
	538
	539	PRIVATE
	540
[1817]	541
[1551]	542	!
[1817]	543	!-- Public functions
	544	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
	545	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_header, lsm_init, &
[1826]	546	lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, lsm_swap_timelevel
[1817]	547	!
[1551]	548	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
[1826]	549	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
[1496]	550
[1551]	551	!
[1783]	552	!-- Public grid variables
	553	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
[1496]	554
[1551]	555	!
	556	!-- Public 2D output variables
	557	PUBLIC c_liq, c_liq_av, c_soil_av, c_veg, c_veg_av, ghf_eb, ghf_eb_av, &
	558	lai, lai_av, qsws_eb, qsws_eb_av, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_liq_eb_av, &
	559	qsws_soil_eb, qsws_soil_eb_av, qsws_veg_eb, qsws_veg_eb_av, &
[1555]	560	r_a, r_a_av, r_s, r_s_av, shf_eb, shf_eb_av
[1551]	561
	562	!
	563	!-- Public prognostic variables
	564	PUBLIC m_liq_eb, m_liq_eb_av, m_soil, m_soil_av, t_soil, t_soil_av
	565
[1496]	566
[1817]	567	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
	568	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
	569	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
	570
	571	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	572	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	573	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	574
	575	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
	576	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
	577	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
	578
[1496]	579	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	580	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
	581	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	582
[1817]	583	INTERFACE lsm_header
	584	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
	585	END INTERFACE lsm_header
	586
	587	INTERFACE lsm_init
	588	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
	589	END INTERFACE lsm_init
	590
	591	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
	592	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
	593	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
	594
	595	INTERFACE lsm_parin
	596	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
	597	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
	598
[1496]	599	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	600	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
	601	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	602
[1551]	603	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
	604	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
	605	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
[1496]	606
	607	CONTAINS
	608
	609	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	610	! Description:
	611	! ------------
[1817]	612	!> Check data output for land surface model
[1496]	613	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1817]	614	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
	615
	616
	617	USE control_parameters, &
	618	ONLY: data_output, message_string
[1496]	619
	620	IMPLICIT NONE
	621
[1817]	622	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	623	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
[1496]	624
[1817]	625	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
	626	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
	627	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
[1496]	628
[1817]	629	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
[1496]	630
[1817]	631	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
	632	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	633	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	634	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	635	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	636	ENDIF
	637	unit = 'm3/m3'
	638
	639	CASE ( 't_soil' )
	640	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	641	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	642	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	643	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	644	ENDIF
	645	unit = 'K'
	646
[1826]	647	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
	648	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
[1817]	649	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
	650	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
	651	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
	652	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
	653	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
	654	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	655	ENDIF
[1826]	656	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	657	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	658	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	659	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	660	ENDIF
[1817]	661	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	662	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	663	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	664	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	665	ENDIF
	666	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	667	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	668	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	669	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	670	ENDIF
	671	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	672	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	673	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	674	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	675	ENDIF
	676	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	677	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	678	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	679	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	680	ENDIF
	681	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	682	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	683	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	684	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	685	ENDIF
	686	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	687	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	688	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	689	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	690	ENDIF
	691	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	692	THEN
	693	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	694	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	695	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	696	ENDIF
	697	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	698	THEN
	699	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	700	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	701	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	702	ENDIF
	703	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	704	THEN
	705	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	706	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	707	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	708	ENDIF
	709	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	710	THEN
	711	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	712	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	713	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	714	ENDIF
	715	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
	716	THEN
	717	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	718	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
	719	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	720	ENDIF
[1496]	721
[1826]	722	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
[1817]	723	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
	724	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
	725	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
	726	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
	727	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
	728	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	729	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	730	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	731	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
	732	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
	733	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
	734	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
	735
	736	CASE DEFAULT
	737	unit = 'illegal'
[1500]	738
[1817]	739	END SELECT
[1551]	740
	741
[1817]	742	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
[1551]	743
[1817]	744	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
	745
	746	USE control_parameters, &
	747	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
[1551]	748
[1817]	749	USE indices
[1691]	750
[1817]	751	USE profil_parameter
[1551]	752
[1817]	753	USE statistics
[1551]	754
[1817]	755	IMPLICIT NONE
	756
	757	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	758	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	759	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
	760
	761	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
	762	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
[1551]	763
[1817]	764	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	765
	766	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
	767	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	768	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
	769	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
	770	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
	771	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	772	ELSE
	773	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
	774	dopr_unit = 'K'
	775	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	776	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
	777	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
	778	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	779	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
	780	ENDIF
	781	unit = dopr_unit
	782	ENDIF
[1551]	783
[1817]	784	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
	785	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
	786	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
	787	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
	788	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
	789	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	790	ELSE
	791	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
	792	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
	793	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	794	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
	795	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
	796	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
	797	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
	798	ENDIF
	799	unit = dopr_unit
	800	ENDIF
[1551]	801
	802
[1817]	803	CASE DEFAULT
	804	unit = 'illegal'
[1500]	805
[1817]	806	END SELECT
[1496]	807
	808
[1817]	809	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
	810
	811
	812	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	813	! Description:
	814	! ------------
	815	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
	816	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	817	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
[1496]	818
[1817]	819	USE control_parameters, &
	820	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
	821	most_method, topography
	822
	823	USE radiation_model_mod, &
	824	ONLY: radiation
	825
	826
	827	IMPLICIT NONE
	828
	829
[1496]	830	!
[1817]	831	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
	832	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
	833	!-- model
	834	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
	835	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
	836	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
	837	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
	838	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	839	ENDIF
[1496]	840
[1817]	841	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
	842	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
	843	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
	844	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1496]	845	ENDIF
	846
[1817]	847	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
	848	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
	849	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
	850	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	851	ENDIF
[1496]	852
[1817]	853	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
	854	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
	855	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
	856	'allowed in combination with ', &
	857	'most_method = ', most_method
	858	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	859	ENDIF
[1496]	860
[1817]	861	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
	862	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
	863	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	864	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
	865	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
	866	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	867	ENDIF
[1551]	868
[1817]	869	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	870	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
	871	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
	872	'/= 9999999.9'
	873	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	874	ENDIF
	875
[1817]	876	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	877	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	878	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
	879	'/= 9999999.9'
	880	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	881	ENDIF
	882
[1817]	883	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	884	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	885	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
	886	'/= 9999999.9'
	887	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	888	ENDIF
	889
[1817]	890	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
	891	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	892	'requires setting of'// &
	893	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
	894	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	895	ENDIF
	896
[1817]	897	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	898	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	899	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
	900	'/= 9999999.9'
	901	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	902	ENDIF
	903
[1817]	904	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	905	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	906	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
	907	'/= 9999999.9'
	908	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	909	ENDIF
	910
[1817]	911	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	912	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	913	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
	914	'/= 9999999.9'
	915	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	916	ENDIF
	917
[1817]	918	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	919	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	920	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
	921	'/= 9999999.9'
	922	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	923	ENDIF
	924
[1817]	925	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	926	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	927	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
	928	'/= 9999999.9'
	929	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	930	ENDIF
[1496]	931
[1551]	932
	933	ENDIF
	934
[1817]	935	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
[1496]	936
[1817]	937	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	938	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	939	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
	940	'/= 9999999.9'
	941	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	942	ENDIF
[1817]	943
	944	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	945	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	946	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
	947	'/= 9999999.9'
	948	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	949	ENDIF
[1817]	950
	951	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	952	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	953	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
	954	'/= 9999999.9'
	955	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	956	ENDIF
[1817]	957
	958	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	959	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	960	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
	961	'/= 9999999.9'
	962	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	963	ENDIF
[1817]	964
	965	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	966	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	967	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
	968	'/= 9999999.9'
	969	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	970	ENDIF
[1817]	971
	972	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	973	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	974	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
	975	'/= 9999999.9'
	976	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	977	ENDIF
[1496]	978
[1817]	979	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	980	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	981	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
	982	'/= 9999999.9'
	983	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1551]	984	ENDIF
[1496]	985
[1817]	986	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	987	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
	988	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
	989	'/= 9999999.9'
	990	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1553]	991	ENDIF
	992
[1496]	993	ENDIF
	994
[1817]	995	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
	996	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
	997	'radiation = .T.'
	998	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1788]	999	ENDIF
[1817]	1000
	1001
	1002	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
	1003
[1496]	1004	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1005	! Description:
	1006	! ------------
[1682]	1007	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
[1496]	1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1009	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1010
	1011
	1012	IMPLICIT NONE
	1013
[1682]	1014	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1015	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1016	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
[1496]	1017
[1788]	1018	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
	1019	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
[1682]	1020	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
	1021	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
	1022	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
	1023	e, & !< water vapour pressure
	1024	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
	1025	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
	1026	tend, & !< tendency
	1027	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
	1028	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	1029	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	1030	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
	1031	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
	1032	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
	1033	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
	1034	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
	1035	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
[1691]	1036	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
[1709]	1037	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
	1038	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
[1496]	1039
	1040	!
	1041	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
	1042	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1043
[1691]	1044	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1045	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1500]	1046	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
[1496]	1047
	1048	!
[1788]	1049	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
	1050	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1051
	1052	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
	1053
	1054	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
	1055	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
	1056	ELSE
	1057	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
	1058	ENDIF
[1496]	1059	ELSE
[1788]	1060
	1061	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
	1062	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
	1063
[1496]	1064	ENDIF
[1500]	1065
[1496]	1066	!
[1500]	1067	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
	1068	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
	1069	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
	1070	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
[1691]	1071	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
[1709]	1072	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
	1073	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1074	ELSE
[1709]	1075	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
	1076	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1077	ENDIF
[1496]	1078
[1709]	1079	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
[1691]	1080
[1496]	1081	!
[1856]	1082	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
	1083	!-- stratification
	1084	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
[1709]	1085
	1086	!
[1496]	1087	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
	1088	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
	1089
[1551]	1090	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
	1091	!-- night)
[1585]	1092	IF ( radiation_scheme /= 'constant' ) THEN
[1709]	1093	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
	1094	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
[1585]	1095	+ 1.0_wp)) )
[1551]	1096	ELSE
	1097	f1 = 1.0_wp
	1098	ENDIF
[1496]	1099
[1709]	1100
[1496]	1101	!
[1551]	1102	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
	1103	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
	1104	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
[1496]	1105	m_total = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1106	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	1107	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
	1108	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
[1496]	1109	ENDDO
	1110
[1788]	1111	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1496]	1112	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
[1691]	1113	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1114	f2 = 1.0_wp
[1496]	1115	ELSE
	1116	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
	1117	ENDIF
	1118
	1119	!
	1120	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1551]	1121	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
	1122	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	1123
	1124	!
	1125	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
[1551]	1126	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1127	!
	1128	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
[1709]	1129	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
[1551]	1130	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
[1496]	1131	ELSE
	1132	f3 = 1.0_wp
	1133	ENDIF
	1134
	1135	!
[1551]	1136	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
	1137	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
[1496]	1138	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
[1551]	1139	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
	1140	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
[1496]	1141
	1142	!
[1551]	1143	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
	1144	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
[1788]	1145	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
[1551]	1146	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
	1147	m_res(j,i)
	1148	ELSE
	1149	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
	1150	ENDIF
[1496]	1151
[1551]	1152	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
[1513]	1153	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
[1551]	1154	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
[1496]	1155
	1156	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
	1157
	1158	!
[1788]	1159	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
	1160	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
	1161	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
	1162	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
	1163	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
	1164	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
	1165	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1166	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
	1167	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
	1168	ELSE
	1169	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
	1170	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
	1171	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
	1172	ENDIF
[1496]	1173
[1551]	1174	!
	1175	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
[1496]	1176	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
[1500]	1177
	1178	!
[1551]	1179	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
	1180	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
[1788]	1181	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
[1551]	1182	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1183	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1184	ENDIF
[1496]	1185
	1186	!
	1187	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
[1788]	1188	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
	1189	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
	1190	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1191	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1192	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1193	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
	1194	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
	1195	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1196	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1197	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
	1198	ELSE
	1199	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
	1200	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
	1201	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
[1551]	1202	r_soil(j,i))
[1788]	1203	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
	1204	ENDIF
[1500]	1205	!
	1206	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
	1207	!-- transpirate.
[1691]	1208	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1209	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1210	! ENDIF
[1496]	1211
[1551]	1212	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
	1213	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
	1214
	1215	!
[1496]	1216	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
[1571]	1217	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
[1551]	1218	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
	1219	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
[1496]	1220
[1571]	1221	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
[1496]	1222
	1223	!
	1224	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
[1691]	1225	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
[1496]	1226
[1788]	1227	!
	1228	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
[1500]	1229	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1691]	1230	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1496]	1231	!
[1500]	1232	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1233	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1234	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1235	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1236	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1237	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1496]	1238
	1239	!
[1500]	1240	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1241	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
[1691]	1242	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
	1243	#else
[1496]	1244
[1691]	1245	!
	1246	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1247	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1248	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 &
[1709]	1249	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 &
[1691]	1250	- q_s + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) &
	1251	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1252
	1253	!
[1709]	1254	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
	1255	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws &
	1256	* dq_s_dt + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1257
	1258	#endif
[1500]	1259	ELSE
	1260
[1691]	1261	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1500]	1262	!
	1263	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1264	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1265	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1266	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1267	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1500]	1268
	1269	!
	1270	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1271	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1272	#else
	1273
	1274	!
	1275	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1276	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
[1709]	1277	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 + f_shf * pt1 &
[1691]	1278	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1279
	1280	!
	1281	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1571]	1282	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 &
[1551]	1283	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1284	#endif
[1500]	1285	ENDIF
	1286
[1496]	1287	tend = 0.0_wp
	1288
	1289	!
[1551]	1290	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
[1496]	1291	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
[1788]	1292	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
	1293	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
	1294	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
	1295
[1496]	1296	!
	1297	!-- Add RK3 term
[1788]	1298	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1299
[1691]	1300	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1301	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1302
[1496]	1303	!
[1691]	1304	!-- Calculate true tendency
	1305	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1306	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
[1496]	1307	!
[1691]	1308	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	1309	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1310	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	1311	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
	1312	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1313	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1314	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1315	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1316	ENDIF
[1496]	1317	ENDIF
	1318	ENDIF
	1319
	1320	!
[1757]	1321	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
	1322	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
	1323	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
	1324	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
	1325	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
	1326	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
	1327	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
	1328	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
[1788]	1329	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
[1757]	1330	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
[1691]	1331	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
	1332	ENDIF
	1333
	1334	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
	1335
	1336	!
[1496]	1337	!-- Calculate fluxes
[1691]	1338	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1709]	1339	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1340	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1341	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
[1691]	1342
	1343	IF ( rrtm_idrv == 1 ) THEN
	1344	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
	1345	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1346	+ rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1347	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
	1348	ENDIF
	1349	#else
	1350	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1351	* t_surface(j,i)*4 - 4.0_wp sigma_sb &
	1352	* t_surface(j,i)*3 t_surface_p(j,i)
	1353	#endif
	1354
[1551]	1355	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
	1356	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
[1496]	1357
[1709]	1358	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1359
	1360	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
	1361
[1500]	1362	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1709]	1363	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1364	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1496]	1365
[1691]	1366	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
	1367
[1709]	1368	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1369	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1370	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1371
[1709]	1372	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1373	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1374	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1375
[1709]	1376	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1377	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1378	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1500]	1379	ENDIF
[1788]	1380
[1500]	1381	!
	1382	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
[1691]	1383	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1384	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
[1496]	1385	ELSE
[1788]	1386	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1387	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
[1551]	1388	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
[1496]	1389	ENDIF
	1390
	1391	!
	1392	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
[1500]	1393	!-- evaporation of liquid water
	1394	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1496]	1395	!
[1571]	1396	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
	1397	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
[1500]	1398	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
	1399	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
[1571]	1400
	1401	!
	1402	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
[1788]	1403	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
	1404	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
	1405	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
[1691]	1406	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1571]	1407	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1408	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1409	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1410	ELSE
	1411	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1412	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1413	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1414	ENDIF
	1415
	1416	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
	1417	!-- coverage.
[1949]	1418	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) + (1.0_wp &
[1691]	1419	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1420	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
[1496]	1421	ENDIF
[1691]	1422
[1500]	1423	!
	1424	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
[1691]	1425	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1426
[1500]	1427	!
[1551]	1428	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
	1429	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
	1430	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
	1431	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
[1691]	1432	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1551]	1433	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
	1434	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
[1949]	1435
[1551]	1436	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1437	ENDIF
[1496]	1438
	1439	!
[1551]	1440	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
	1441	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
[1500]	1442	!-- plant
[1691]	1443	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1444	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
	1445	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1446	ENDIF
	1447	ENDIF
[1496]	1448
[1551]	1449	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
[1496]	1450
[1551]	1451	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
	1452	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
[1496]	1453
	1454	!
[1500]	1455	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
	1456	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1457	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
[1496]	1458
	1459	!
[1500]	1460	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
	1461	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1462	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
[1496]	1463
	1464
	1465	!
[1551]	1466	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
[1500]	1467	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1468	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1469	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
[1500]	1470	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1471	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1472	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1473	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
[1500]	1474	ENDIF
[1496]	1475	ENDIF
	1476
[1500]	1477	ENDIF
	1478
[1496]	1479	ENDDO
[1500]	1480	ENDDO
[1496]	1481
[1691]	1482	!
	1483	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
[1757]	1484	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
[1788]	1485	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
[1757]	1486	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
[1697]	1487	#if defined( __parallel )
[1691]	1488	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1489	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
	1490	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	1491	#else
	1492	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
	1493	#endif
	1494	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
	1495	ENDIF
	1496
[1788]	1497	!
	1498	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
	1499	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1500	CALL calc_q_surface
	1501	ENDIF
[1691]	1502
[1788]	1503	!
	1504	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
	1505	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
	1506
	1507
[1496]	1508	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1509
[1817]	1510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1511	! Description:
	1512	! ------------
	1513	!> Header output for land surface model
	1514	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1515	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
[1496]	1516
[1817]	1517
	1518	IMPLICIT NONE
	1519
	1520	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
	1521	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
	1522	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
	1523	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
	1524	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
	1525	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
	1526
	1527	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
	1528
	1529	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	1530
	1531	t_soil_chr = ''
	1532	m_soil_chr = ''
	1533	soil_depth_chr = ''
	1534	roots_chr = ''
	1535	vertical_index_chr = ''
	1536
	1537	i = 1
	1538	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1539	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
	1540	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1541
	1542	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
	1543	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1544
	1545	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
	1546	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1547
	1548	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
	1549	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	1550
	1551	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
	1552	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
	1553	TRIM( coor_chr )
	1554	ENDDO
	1555
	1556	!
	1557	!-- Write land surface model header
	1558	WRITE( io, 1 )
	1559	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
	1560	WRITE( io, 2 )
	1561	ELSE
	1562	WRITE( io, 3 )
	1563	ENDIF
	1564
	1565	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
	1566	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
	1567	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
	1568	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
	1569	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
	1570
	1571	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
	1572	' ------------------------------'/)
[1826]	1573	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
	1574	', default)')
	1575	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
	1576	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
	1577	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
[1817]	1578	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
	1579	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	1580	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
	1581	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
	1582	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
[1826]	1583	' Grid point: ',A)
[1817]	1584
	1585	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
	1586
	1587
[1496]	1588	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1589	! Description:
	1590	! ------------
[1817]	1591	!> Initialization of the land surface model
	1592	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1593	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
	1594
	1595
	1596	IMPLICIT NONE
	1597
	1598	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1599	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1600	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
	1601
	1602	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
	1603
	1604
	1605	!
	1606	!-- Calculate Exner function
	1607	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1608
	1609
	1610	!
	1611	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
	1612	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
	1613	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
	1614	ENDIF
	1615
	1616	!
	1617	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
	1618	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
	1619	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
	1620	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
	1621	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
	1622
	1623	!
	1624	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
	1625	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
	1626	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
	1627	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
	1628	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
	1629	c_liq = 0.0_wp
	1630
	1631	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
	1632	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
	1633
	1634	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1826]	1635	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
[1817]	1636	ELSE
	1637	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
	1638	ENDIF
	1639
	1640	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	1641	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
	1642	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
	1643
	1644	r_a = 50.0_wp
	1645	r_s = 50.0_wp
	1646	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
	1647	r_soil = 0.0_wp
	1648
	1649	!
	1650	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
	1651	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1652	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1653	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1654
	1655	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
	1656	!
	1657	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
	1658	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1659	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1660	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1661
	1662	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
	1663	ENDIF
	1664
	1665	!
	1666	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
	1667	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
	1668	!-- at the centers
	1669	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
	1670
	1671	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	1672	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
	1673	ENDDO
	1674	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
	1675
	1676	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	1677	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
	1678	ENDDO
	1679	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
	1680
	1681	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
	1682	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
	1683
	1684	!
	1685	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
	1686	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
	1687	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
	1688	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
	1689
	1690	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1691	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	1692	ENDIF
	1693
	1694	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1695	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	1696	ENDIF
	1697
	1698	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1699	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	1700	ENDIF
	1701
	1702	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1703	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	1704	ENDIF
	1705
	1706	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1707	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	1708	ENDIF
	1709
	1710	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1711	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	1712	ENDIF
	1713
	1714	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1715	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	1716	ENDIF
	1717
	1718	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1719	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	1720	ENDIF
	1721
	1722	ENDIF
	1723
	1724	!
	1725	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
	1726	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
	1727	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
	1728	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
	1729	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
	1730	m_sat = saturation_moisture
	1731	m_fc = field_capacity
	1732	m_wilt = wilting_point
	1733	m_res = residual_moisture
	1734	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
	1735
	1736	!
	1737	!-- Initial run actions
	1738	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	1739
	1740	t_soil = 0.0_wp
	1741	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	1742	m_soil = 0.0_wp
	1743
	1744	!
	1745	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
	1746	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
	1747	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
	1748	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1749	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
	1750	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
	1751	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
	1752	ENDDO
	1753	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
	1754
	1755	!
	1756	!-- Calculate surface temperature
	1757	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
	1758
	1759	!
	1760	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
	1761	!-- for the first time step
	1762	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1763	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1764	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1765
	1766	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1767	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
	1768	ELSE
	1769	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
	1770	ENDIF
	1771
	1772	!
	1773	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
	1774	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
	1775
	1776	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
	1777	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
	1778	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
	1779	ENDDO
	1780	ENDDO
	1781
	1782	!
	1783	!-- Actions for restart runs
	1784	ELSE
	1785
	1786	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1787	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1788	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1789	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
	1790	ENDDO
	1791	ENDDO
	1792
	1793	ENDIF
	1794
	1795	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1796	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
	1797	ENDDO
	1798
	1799	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
	1800	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1801	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
	1802	ENDIF
	1803	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1804	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
	1805	ENDIF
	1806	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1807	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
	1808	ENDIF
	1809	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1810	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
	1811	ENDIF
	1812	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1813	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
	1814	ENDIF
	1815	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1816	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
	1817	ENDIF
	1818	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1819	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
	1820	ENDIF
	1821	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1822	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	1823	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	1824	ENDIF
	1825	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1826	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
	1827	ENDIF
	1828	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1829	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
	1830	ENDIF
	1831	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
	1832
	1833	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	1834	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1835	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	1836	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	1837	ENDDO
	1838	ENDIF
	1839
	1840	ELSE
	1841
	1842	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1843	z0_eb = roughness_length
	1844	ENDIF
	1845	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1846	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	1847	ENDIF
	1848	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1849	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	1850	ENDIF
	1851
	1852	ENDIF
	1853
	1854	!
	1855	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
	1856	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
	1857	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
	1858	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	1859	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
	1860	ELSE
	1861	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
	1862	ENDIF
	1863	ENDIF
	1864
	1865	!
	1866	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
	1867	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
	1868	veg_type_2d = veg_type
	1869	soil_type_2d = soil_type
	1870
	1871	!
	1872	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
	1873	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
	1874	lai = leaf_area_index
	1875	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
	1876	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
	1877	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
	1878	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
	1879	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
	1880	z0 = z0_eb
	1881	z0h = z0h_eb
	1882	z0q = z0q_eb
	1883
	1884	!
	1885	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
	1886	CALL user_init_land_surface
	1887
	1888	!
	1889	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
	1890	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
	1891	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1892	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1893	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
	1894	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
[1856]	1895	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
[1817]	1896	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
	1897	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
	1898	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1899	ENDIF
	1900
	1901	ENDDO
	1902	ENDDO
	1903
	1904	!
	1905	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
	1906	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
	1907
	1908	t_soil_p = t_soil
	1909	m_soil_p = m_soil
	1910	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
	1911	t_surface_p = t_surface
	1912
	1913
	1914
	1915	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
	1916	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
	1917	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	1918	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	1919	statistic_regions+1 )
	1920	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	1921	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	1922	statistic_regions+1 )
	1923
	1924	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
	1925
	1926
	1927	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1928	! Description:
	1929	! ------------
	1930	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
	1931	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1932	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
	1933
	1934
	1935	IMPLICIT NONE
	1936
	1937	!
	1938	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
	1939	#if defined( __nopointer )
	1940	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1941	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1942	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1943	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1944	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1945	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1946	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1947	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1948	#else
	1949	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1950	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1951	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1952	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1953	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1954	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1955	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1956	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1957	#endif
	1958
	1959	!
	1960	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
	1961	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1962	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1963	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1964	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1965
	1966	!
	1967	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
	1968	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1969	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1970	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1971	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1972	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1973	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1974	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1975	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1976	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1977	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1978	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1979	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1980	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1981	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1982	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1983	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1984	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1985	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1986	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1987	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1988	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1989	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1990	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1991	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1992	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1993	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1994	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1995	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1996	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1997	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1998	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1999	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2000	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	2001
	2002	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
	2003	!
	2004	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
	2005	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
	2006	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	2007	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	2008	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
	2009	#endif
	2010
	2011
	2012	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
	2013
	2014
	2015	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2016	! Description:
	2017	! ------------
	2018	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
	2019	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2020	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
	2021
	2022
	2023	IMPLICIT NONE
	2024
	2025	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	2026
	2027	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
	2028	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
	2029	conserve_water_content, &
	2030	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
	2031	hydraulic_conductivity, &
	2032	lambda_surface_stable, &
	2033	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
	2034	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
	2035	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
	2036	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
	2037	pave_heat_conductivity, &
	2038	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
	2039	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
	2040	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
	2041	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
	2042	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
	2043
	2044	line = ' '
	2045
	2046	!
	2047	!-- Try to find land surface model package
	2048	REWIND ( 11 )
	2049	line = ' '
	2050	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
	2051	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	2052	ENDDO
	2053	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	2054
	2055	!
	2056	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	2057	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
	2058
	2059	!
	2060	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
	2061	land_surface = .TRUE.
	2062
	2063	10 CONTINUE
	2064
	2065
	2066	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
	2067
	2068
	2069	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2070	! Description:
	2071	! ------------
[1682]	2072	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
	2073	!> temperature and water content.
[1496]	2074	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2075	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	2076
	2077
	2078	IMPLICIT NONE
	2079
[1682]	2080	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2081	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2082	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1496]	2083
[1682]	2084	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
[1496]	2085
[1682]	2086	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
[1691]	2087	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
	2088	tend !< tendency
[1496]	2089
[1691]	2090	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2091	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1788]	2092
	2093	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2094	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
	2095	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
	2096	ENDIF
	2097
	2098	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2099	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2100
	2101
	2102	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
	2103
	2104	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
	2105	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
	2106
	2107	ELSE
[1496]	2108	!
[1788]	2109	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
	2110	!-- into account water content
	2111	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
	2112	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
[1496]	2113
	2114	!
[1788]	2115	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
	2116	!-- layers
	2117	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
	2118	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
[1691]	2119
[1817]	2120	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
	2121	/ m_sat(j,i)))
[1691]	2122
[1788]	2123	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
	2124	lambda_h_dry
	2125	ENDIF
[1496]	2126
[1788]	2127	ENDDO
[1496]	2128
	2129	!
[1788]	2130	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
	2131	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
	2132	!-- true pavement depth is considered
	2133	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	2134	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
	2135	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
	2136	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
	2137	* lambda_temp(k) &
	2138	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
	2139	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
	2140	ELSE
	2141	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
	2142	* 0.5_wp
	2143	ENDIF
	2144	ENDDO
	2145	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
[1496]	2146
[1788]	2147
	2148
	2149
[1496]	2150	!
[1788]	2151	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
	2152	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
[1496]	2153
[1788]	2154	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
	2155	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
	2156	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
	2157	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1691]	2158
[1788]	2159	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	2160	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
	2161	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
	2162	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
	2163	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
	2164	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
	2165	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
	2166	* ddz_soil(k) &
	2167	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
[1691]	2168
[1788]	2169	ENDDO
[1691]	2170
[1788]	2171	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
	2172	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
	2173	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
	2174	+ tsc(3) &
	2175	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
[1496]	2176
	2177	!
[1788]	2178	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	2179	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	2180	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	2181	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2182	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	2183	ENDDO
	2184	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	2185	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	2186	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2187	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
[1551]	2188	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1788]	2189	ENDDO
	2190	ENDIF
[1496]	2191	ENDIF
	2192
	2193
[1788]	2194	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	2195
[1496]	2196	!
[1788]	2197	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
	2198	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
	2199	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
	2200	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
	2201	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
[1496]	2202
	2203	!
[1788]	2204	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
	2205	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
[1551]	2206	!
[1788]	2207	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
	2208	!-- (1980)
	2209	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
	2210	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
	2211	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
	2212	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
[1496]	2213
[1691]	2214
[1788]	2215	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
	2216	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
	2217	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
	2218	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
	2219	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
	2220	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
	2221	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
	2222	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
[1496]	2223
[1551]	2224	!
[1788]	2225	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
	2226	ELSE
	2227	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
	2228	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
	2229	ENDIF
[1551]	2230
[1788]	2231	ENDDO
[1496]	2232
	2233	!
[1788]	2234	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
	2235	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
	2236	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
	2237	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2238	!
	2239	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
	2240	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
	2241	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
	2242	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	2243
[1788]	2244	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
	2245	* 0.5_wp
	2246	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
	2247	* 0.5_wp
[1496]	2248
[1788]	2249	ENDDO
[1496]	2250
	2251	!
	2252	!
[1817]	2253	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
	2254	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
	2255	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
[1788]	2256	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
	2257	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	2258	ELSE
	2259	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
	2260	ENDIF
[1496]	2261
[1817]	2262	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
	2263	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
	2264	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
	2265	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
	2266	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
	2267	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
	2268	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
	2269	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
[1496]	2270
	2271	!
[1817]	2272	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
	2273	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
	2274	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
	2275	!-- additional check.
[1691]	2276	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1788]	2277	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
	2278	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
	2279	ENDIF
	2280	ENDDO
[1496]	2281
[1788]	2282	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2283	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2284	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
[1817]	2285	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
	2286	/ m_total
[1788]	2287	ELSE
	2288	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
	2289	ENDIF
	2290	ENDDO
	2291	ENDIF
	2292
[1496]	2293	!
[1788]	2294	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
	2295	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
	2296
	2297	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
[1551]	2298	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
[1691]	2299	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
[1788]	2300	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
	2301	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
	2302	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1496]	2303
[1788]	2304	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
	2305	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
	2306	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
	2307	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
	2308	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
	2309	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
	2310	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
	2311	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
	2312	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
[1496]	2313
[1788]	2314	ENDDO
	2315	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	2316	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
	2317	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	2318	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
	2319	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
	2320	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
	2321	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
	2322	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
	2323	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
[1496]	2324
[1788]	2325	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
	2326	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
	2327	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
	2328
[1496]	2329	!
[1788]	2330	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
	2331	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2332	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	2333	ENDDO
[1496]	2334
	2335	!
[1788]	2336	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	2337	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	2338	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	2339	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2340	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	2341	ENDDO
	2342	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	2343	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	2344	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	2345	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
[1496]	2346	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1788]	2347	ENDDO
	2348	ENDIF
[1496]	2349	ENDIF
[1788]	2350
[1496]	2351	ENDIF
	2352
	2353	ENDIF
	2354
	2355	ENDDO
	2356	ENDDO
	2357
[1788]	2358	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	2359
[1817]	2360
	2361	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2362	! Description:
	2363	! ------------
	2364	!> Swapping of timelevels
	2365	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2366	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
[1788]	2367
[1817]	2368	IMPLICIT NONE
	2369
	2370	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
	2371
	2372	#if defined( __nopointer )
	2373
	2374	t_surface = t_surface_p
	2375	t_soil = t_soil_p
	2376	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2377	m_soil = m_soil_p
	2378	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
	2379	ENDIF
	2380
	2381	#else
	2382
	2383	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
	2384
	2385	CASE ( 0 )
	2386
	2387	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	2388	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
	2389	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2390	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	2391	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
	2392	ENDIF
	2393
	2394
	2395	CASE ( 1 )
	2396
	2397	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
	2398	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
	2399	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2400	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
	2401	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
	2402	ENDIF
	2403
	2404	END SELECT
	2405	#endif
	2406
	2407	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
	2408
	2409
[1788]	2410	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2411	! Description:
	2412	! ------------
	2413	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
	2414	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
	2415	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
	2416	!> 2012)
	2417	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2418	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
	2419
	2420	USE control_parameters, &
	2421	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
	2422
	2423	IMPLICIT NONE
	2424
	2425	INTEGER :: i !< running index
	2426	INTEGER :: j !< running index
	2427
	2428	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
	2429	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
	2430	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
	2431	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
	2432
	2433
	2434	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2435	DO j = nysg, nyng
	2436	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	2437
[1496]	2438	!
[1788]	2439	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
	2440	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
	2441	!-- length
	2442	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
	2443	!
	2444	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
	2445	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
	2446	!
	2447	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
	2448	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
[1496]	2449
[1788]	2450	!
	2451	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
	2452	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
	2453	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
	2454	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
	2455	! ENDIF
[1496]	2456
[1788]	2457	!
	2458	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
	2459	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
	2460	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
	2461	!-- Charnock relation is used.
	2462	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
	2463	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
[1496]	2464
[1788]	2465	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
	2466	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
[1496]	2467
[1788]	2468	ENDIF
	2469	ENDDO
	2470	ENDDO
	2471
	2472	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
	2473
	2474
[1496]	2475	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2476	! Description:
	2477	! ------------
[1788]	2478	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
	2479	!> that the skin is always saturated.
[1496]	2480	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1551]	2481	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	2482
	2483	IMPLICIT NONE
	2484
[1682]	2485	INTEGER :: i !< running index
	2486	INTEGER :: j !< running index
	2487	INTEGER :: k !< running index
[1788]	2488
[1682]	2489	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
[1496]	2490
[1691]	2491	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2492	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1496]	2493	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	2494
	2495	!
	2496	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1691]	2497	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
	2498	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	2499
	2500	!
	2501	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
	2502	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
	2503
	2504	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
	2505
	2506	!
	2507	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
[1691]	2508	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	2509	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	2510	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
	2511	ELSE
	2512	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	2513	* q(k+1,j,i)
	2514	ENDIF
[1496]	2515
[1691]	2516	!
	2517	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
	2518	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	2519
[1496]	2520	ENDDO
	2521	ENDDO
	2522
[1551]	2523	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	2524
[1788]	2525
[1496]	2526	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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