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chapter_4.2.html @ 1753

Last change on this file since 1753 was 555, checked in by raasch, 15 years ago

New:
---

Changed:

Documentation for surface_heatflux in case of prandtl_layer = .F. improved.

bugfix for wrong netcdf/3.6.3 module on lcsgi (mbuild, mrun)

Errors:

Bugfix in if statement (disturb_heatflux)

Bugfix: in 2201 statement: closing " was missing (interpret_config)

Bugfix: default setting of nzb_local for flat topography (init_grid)

Bugfix: wrong dimension used for ts_value_l (user_statistics)

disturb_heatflux, init_grid, interpret_config, user_statistics

Property svn:keywords set to Id

File size: 289.2 KB

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[493]	2	<html><head>
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[493]	17	<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"><title>PALM chapter 4.2</title></head><body>
[354]	18
	19
[108]	20
	21
	22	<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="Kapitel4.2"></a>4.2 <a href="#Laufparameter">Runtime
[102]	23	parameters</a>, <a href="#particle_parameters">particle parameters</a>, and <a href="#Paketparameter">package
[5]	24	parameters</a></h3>
[108]	25
	26
	27
[354]	28
	29
[48]	30	<h3 style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;"><a name="Laufparameter"></a>Runtime parameters:</h3>
[108]	31
	32
	33
[354]	34
	35
[108]	36	<br>
	37
	38
[354]	39
	40
[108]	41	<br>
	42
	43
[354]	44
	45
[108]	46	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	47
	48
[354]	49
	50
[108]	51	<tbody>
	52
	53
	54
[354]	55
	56
[108]	57	<tr>
	58
	59
	60
[354]	61
	62
[108]	63	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
	64	name</b></font></td>
	65
	66
[354]	67
	68
[108]	69	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
	70
	71
	72
[354]	73
	74
[108]	75	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	76
	77
[354]	78
	79
[108]	80	<p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
	81
	82
[354]	83
	84
[108]	85	<b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
	86
	87
[354]	88
	89
[108]	90	</td>
	91
	92
	93
[354]	94
	95
[108]	96	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
	97
	98
	99
[354]	100
	101
[108]	102	</tr>
	103
	104
[354]	105
	106
[108]	107	<tr>
	108
	109
[354]	110
	111
[108]	112	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="averaging_interval"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span><br>
	113
	114
	115
[354]	116
	117
[108]	118	</td>
	119
	120
[354]	121
	122
[108]	123	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	124
	125
[354]	126
	127
[108]	128	</td>
	129
	130
	131
[354]	132
	133
[108]	134	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
	135
	136
[354]	137
	138
[108]	139	</td>
	140
	141
	142
[354]	143
	144
[108]	145	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Averaging interval for
	146	all output of temporally averaged data (in s).<br>
	147
	148
[354]	149
	150
[108]	151	<br>
	152
	153
[354]	154
	155
[108]	156	This
[5]	157	parameter defines the time interval length for temporally averaged data
	158	(vertical profiles, spectra, 2d cross-sections, 3d volume data). By
[48]	159	default, data are not subject to temporal averaging. The
	160	interval
	161	length is limited by the parameter <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>.
	162	In any case, <span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span>
	163	<= <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span>
[108]	164	must hold.<br>
	165
	166
[354]	167
	168
[108]	169	<br>
	170
	171
[354]	172
	173
[108]	174	If
[5]	175	an interval is defined, then by default the average is calculated from
	176	the data values of all timesteps lying within this interval. The number
	177	of time levels entering into the average can be reduced with the
[108]	178	parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_averaging_input</a>.<br>
	179
	180
[354]	181
	182
[108]	183	<br>
	184
	185
[354]	186
	187
[108]	188	If
[48]	189	an averaging interval can not be completed at the end of a run, it
[5]	190	will be finished at the beginning of the next restart run. Thus for
	191	restart runs, averaging intervals do not
[108]	192	necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.<br>
	193
	194
[354]	195
	196
[108]	197	<br>
	198
	199
[354]	200
	201
[108]	202	Parameters
	203	<a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
[48]	204	and <a href="#averaging_interval_sp">averaging_interval_sp</a>
	205	can be used to define different averaging intervals for vertical
[108]	206	profile data and spectra, respectively.<br>
	207
	208
[354]	209
	210
[108]	211	</td>
	212
	213
[354]	214
	215
[108]	216	</tr>
	217
	218
	219
[354]	220
	221
[108]	222	<tr>
	223
	224
[354]	225
	226
[108]	227	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	228
	229
[354]	230
	231
[108]	232	<p><a name="averaging_interval_pr"></a><b>averaging_interval_pr</b></p>
	233
	234
	235
[354]	236
	237
[108]	238	</td>
	239
	240
[354]	241
	242
[108]	243	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	244
	245
[354]	246
	247
[108]	248	</td>
	249
	250
	251
[354]	252
	253
[108]	254	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
	255
	256
	257
[354]	258
	259
[5]	260	interval</a><br>
[108]	261
	262
	263
[354]	264
	265
[108]	266	</span> </td>
	267
	268
[354]	269
	270
[108]	271	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	272
	273
[354]	274
	275
[108]	276	<p>Averaging
[61]	277	interval for output of vertical profiles to
[48]	278	local
	279	file <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>
[108]	280	</font></font>and/or  <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
	281	(in s).  </p>
	282
	283
[354]	284
	285
[108]	286
	287
	288
[354]	289
	290
[108]	291	<p>If
[5]	292	this parameter is given a non-zero value, temporally
	293	averaged vertical profile data are output. By default, profile data
	294	data are not subject to temporal averaging. The interval length is
[48]	295	limited by the parameter <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>.
	296	In any case <b>averaging_interval_pr</b> <= <b>dt_dopr
[108]	297	</b>must
	298	hold.</p>
	299
	300
[354]	301
	302
[108]	303	If an interval is defined, then by default the average
[48]	304	is calculated
[5]	305	from the data values of all timesteps lying within this interval. The
	306	number of time levels entering into the average can be reduced with the
	307	parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>.
[108]	308
	309
[354]	310
	311
[108]	312	<p>If
[5]	313	an averaging interval can not be completed at the end of a run, it will
	314	be finished at the beginning of the next restart run. Thus for restart
	315	runs, averaging intervals do not
[108]	316	necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.</p>
	317
	318
[354]	319
	320
[108]	321	</td>
	322
	323
[354]	324
	325
[108]	326	</tr>
	327
	328
	329
[354]	330
	331
[108]	332	<tr>
	333
	334
[354]	335
	336
[108]	337	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="call_psolver_at_all_substeps"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">call_psolver_at_all_<br>
	338
	339
	340
[354]	341
	342
[108]	343	substeps</span></td>
	344
	345
[354]	346
	347
[108]	348	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	349
	350
	351
[354]	352
	353
[108]	354	</td>
	355
	356
[354]	357
	358
[108]	359	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br>
	360
	361
[354]	362
	363
[108]	364	</td>
	365
	366
	367
[354]	368
	369
[108]	370	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Switch
	371	to steer the call of the pressure solver.<br>
	372
	373
[354]	374
	375
[108]	376	<br>
	377
	378
	379
[354]	380
	381
[5]	382	In order to speed-up performance, the Poisson equation for perturbation
[48]	383	pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>) can
	384	be called only at the last substep of multistep Runge-Kutta
	385	timestep schemes (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>)
	386	by setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">call_psolver_at_all_substeps</span>
	387	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>.
[5]	388	In many cases, this sufficiently reduces the divergence of the velocity
	389	field. Nevertheless, small-scale ripples (2-delta-x) may occur. In this
	390	case and in case
[48]	391	of non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions, <span style="font-weight: bold;">call_psolver_at_all_timesteps</span>
	392	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>
	393	should be used. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></td>
[108]	394
	395
	396
[354]	397
	398
[108]	399	</tr>
	400
	401
[354]	402
	403
[108]	404	<tr>
	405
	406
[354]	407
	408
[108]	409	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	410
	411
[354]	412
	413
[108]	414	<p><a name="fcl_factor"></a><b>cfl_factor</b></p>
	415
	416
	417
[354]	418
	419
[108]	420	</td>
	421
	422
[354]	423
	424
[108]	425	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	426
	427
[354]	428
	429
[108]	430	</td>
	431
	432
	433
[354]	434
	435
[108]	436	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	437
	438
[354]	439
	440
[108]	441	<p><i>0.1,
	442	0.8 or 0.9</i> <br>
	443
	444
[354]	445
	446
[108]	447	<i>(see right)</i></p>
	448
	449
	450
[354]	451
	452
[108]	453	</td>
	454
	455
[354]	456
	457
[108]	458	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	459
	460
[354]	461
	462
[108]	463	<p lang="en-GB">Time step limiting factor.  </p>
	464
	465
	466
[354]	467
	468
[108]	469
	470
[354]	471
	472
[108]	473	<p><span lang="en-GB">In the model, the <span lang="en-GB">maximum
[48]	474	allowed </span>time step according to CFL and
	475	diffusion-criterion
	476	dt_max is reduced by </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB">dt</span></a> <span lang="en-GB">=
	477	dt_max * <b>cfl_factor</b>
[5]	478	in order to avoid stability problems which may arise in the vicinity of
[48]	479	the maximum allowed timestep. The condition <i>0.0</i>
	480	< <b>cfl_factor</b>
[108]	481	< <i>1.0 </i>applies.<br>
	482
	483
[354]	484
	485
[108]	486	</span></p>
	487
	488
	489
[354]	490
	491
[108]	492
	493
[354]	494
	495
[108]	496	<p><span lang="en-GB">The default value of
[48]	497	cfl_factor depends on
[108]	498	the </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#timestep_scheme"><span lang="en-GB">timestep_scheme</span></a><span lang="en-GB"> used:<br>
	499
	500
[354]	501
	502
[108]	503	</span></p>
	504
	505
[354]	506
	507
[108]	508
	509
	510
[354]	511
	512
[108]	513	<p><span lang="en-GB">For the third order Runge-Kutta scheme it
	514	is <b>cfl_factor</b> = </span><span style="font-style: italic;">0.9</span><span lang="en-GB">.<br>
	515
	516
[354]	517
	518
[108]	519	</span></p>
	520
	521
[354]	522
	523
[108]	524
	525
	526
[354]	527
	528
[108]	529	<p><span lang="en-GB">In case of the leapfrog scheme a quite
[5]	530	restrictive value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">cfl_factor</span>
[48]	531	= <span style="font-style: italic;">0.1 </span></span><span lang="en-GB">is used because for larger values the velocity
	532	divergence
[5]	533	significantly effects the accuracy of the model results.</span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#scalar_advec"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"> Possibly larger values may
	534	be used with the leapfrog scheme but these are to be determined by
	535	appropriate test runs.<span style="font-family: times new roman;"><br>
[108]	536
	537
	538
[354]	539
	540
[108]	541	</span></span></p>
	542
	543
[354]	544
	545
[108]	546	<span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"></span><font face="Times New Roman">The default value for the Euler
[48]	547	scheme is <span style="font-weight: bold;">cfl_factor</span>
	548	= <span style="font-style: italic;">0.8</span> .</font></span></td>
[108]	549
	550
	551
[354]	552
	553
[108]	554	</tr>
	555
	556
[354]	557
	558
[108]	559	<tr>
	560
	561
[354]	562
	563
[108]	564	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	565
	566
[354]	567
	568
[108]	569	<p><a name="create_disturbances"></a><b>create_disturbances</b></p>
	570
	571
	572
[354]	573
	574
[108]	575	</td>
	576
	577
[354]	578
	579
[108]	580	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	581
	582
[354]	583
	584
[108]	585	</td>
	586
	587
	588
[354]	589
	590
[108]	591	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br>
	592
	593
[354]	594
	595
[108]	596	</td>
	597
	598
	599
[354]	600
	601
[108]	602	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	603
	604
[354]	605
	606
[108]	607	<p>Switch to
[48]	608	impose random perturbations to the horizontal
[108]	609	velocity field.  </p>
	610
	611
[354]	612
	613
[108]	614
	615
	616
[354]	617
	618
[108]	619	<p>With <b>create_disturbances</b>
[48]	620	= <i>.T.,</i> random
[5]	621	perturbations can be imposed to the horizontal velocity field at
	622	certain times e.g. in order to trigger off the onset of convection,
[108]	623	etc..<br>
	624
	625
[354]	626
	627
[108]	628	</p>
	629
	630
[354]	631
	632
[108]	633
	634
	635
[354]	636
	637
[108]	638	<p>The temporal interval between
[48]	639	these times can be steered with <a href="#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a>,
[5]	640	the vertical range of the perturbations with <a href="#disturbance_level_b">disturbance_level_b</a>
	641	and <a href="#disturbance_level_t">disturbance_level_t</a>,
	642	and the perturbation amplitude with <a href="#disturbance_amplitude">disturbance_amplitude</a>.
	643	In case of non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
	644	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>),
	645	the horizontal range of the perturbations is determined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_disturbance_begin">inflow_disturbance_begin</a>
	646	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_disturbance_end">inflow_disturbance_end</a>.
	647	A perturbation is added to each grid point with its individual value
	648	determined by multiplying the disturbance amplitude with a uniformly
	649	distributed random number.
	650	After this, the arrays of u and v are smoothed by applying a
	651	Shuman-filter twice and made divergence-free by applying the pressure
[108]	652	solver.<br>
	653
	654
[354]	655
	656
[108]	657	</p>
	658
	659
[354]	660
	661
[108]	662
	663
	664
[354]	665
	666
[108]	667	<p>The random number generator to
[48]	668	be used can be chosen with <a href="chapter_4.1.html#random_generator">random_generator</a>.<br>
[108]	669
	670
	671
[354]	672
	673
[108]	674	</p>
	675
	676
[354]	677
	678
[108]	679
	680
	681
[354]	682
	683
[108]	684	<p>As soon as the desired flow features have
[48]	685	developed
	686	(e.g.  convection has started), further imposing of
	687	perturbations
[5]	688	is not necessary and can be omitted (this does not hold for non-cyclic
	689	lateral boundaries!). This can be steered by assigning
	690	an upper limit value for the perturbation energy (the perturbation
	691	energy is defined by the deviation of the velocity from the mean flow)
	692	using the parameter <a href="#disturbance_energy_limit">disturbance_energy_limit</a>.
	693	As soon as the perturbation energy has exceeded this energy limit, no
	694	more random perturbations are assigned<br>
[108]	695
	696
	697
[354]	698
	699
[5]	700	.  <br>
[108]	701
	702
	703
[354]	704
	705
[5]	706	Timesteps where a random perturbation has been imposed are marked in
	707	the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>
	708	by the character "D" appended to the values of the maximum horizontal
[108]	709	velocities. </p>
	710
	711
[354]	712
	713
[108]	714	</td>
	715
	716
[354]	717
	718
[108]	719	</tr>
	720
	721
[354]	722
	723
[108]	724	<tr>
	725
	726
[354]	727
	728
[108]	729	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	730
	731
[354]	732
	733
[108]	734	<p><a name="cross_normalized_x"></a><b>cross_normalized_x</b></p>
	735
	736
	737
[354]	738
	739
[108]	740	</td>
	741
	742
[354]	743
	744
[108]	745	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10
	746	<br>
	747
	748
[354]	749
	750
[108]	751	(100)</td>
	752
	753
[354]	754
	755
[108]	756	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100 * ' '</i></td>
	757
	758
	759
[354]	760
	761
[108]	762	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	763
	764
[354]	765
	766
[108]	767	<p>Type of
[48]	768	normalization applied to the x-coordinate of vertical
[5]	769	profiles to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.</p>
[108]	770
	771
	772
[354]	773
	774
[108]	775
	776
[354]	777
	778
[108]	779	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	780	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	781
	782
[354]	783
	784
[108]	785
	786
[354]	787
	788
[108]	789	<p>If
[48]	790	vertical profiles are plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> (data on
	791	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>,
[5]	792	parameters on local file <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>)
	793	the x-values of the data points can be normalized with respect to
	794	certain quantities (e.g. the near-surface heat flux) in order to ensure
	795	a better comparability. This type of normalization then applies to all
	796	profiles of one coordinate system (panel). The normalization quantities
	797	are re-calculated for each output time of each individual profile. If
	798	temporally averaged profiles are output (see <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>),
	799	then the normalization quantities are also temporally averaged
	800	accordingly. If the value of a normalization quantity becomes zero,
	801	then normalization for the total respective coordinate system (panel)
[108]	802	is switched off automatically (also for the y-axis).<br>
	803
	804
[354]	805
	806
[108]	807	</p>
	808
	809
	810
[354]	811
	812
[108]	813
	814
[354]	815
	816
[108]	817	<p>By default, the normalization quantities are calculated as the
[5]	818	horizontal mean of the total model domain and and these values are also
	819	used for the normalization of profiles from subdomains (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).
	820	Instead of this, they can be calculated from the data of a certain
	821	subdomain by using the parameter <a href="#normalizing_region">normalizing_region</a>
	822	(however, they are used again for all subdomains and even for the total
[108]	823	domain).  </p>
	824
	825
[354]	826
	827
[108]	828
	829
	830
[354]	831
	832
[108]	833	<p>The user can choose between
[48]	834	the following normalization
[108]	835	quantities: <br>
	836
	837
[354]	838
	839
[108]	840	</p>
	841
	842
[354]	843
	844
[108]	845
	846
	847
[354]	848
	849
[108]	850	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	851
	852
[354]	853
	854
[108]	855	<tbody>
	856
	857
[354]	858
	859
[108]	860	<tr>
	861
	862
[354]	863
	864
[108]	865	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'wpt0'</i></td>
	866
	867
	868
[354]	869
	870
[108]	871	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	872	respect
[5]	873	to the total surface sensible heat
[108]	874	flux (k=0 ).</td>
	875
	876
[354]	877
	878
[108]	879	</tr>
	880
	881
[354]	882
	883
[108]	884	<tr>
	885
	886
[354]	887
	888
[108]	889	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws2'</i></td>
	890
	891
	892
[354]	893
	894
[108]	895	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	896	respect
[5]	897	to w<sub>*</sub> <sup>2</sup>
	898	(square of the characteristic vertical wind speed of the CBL)</td>
[108]	899
	900
	901
[354]	902
	903
[108]	904	</tr>
	905
	906
[354]	907
	908
[108]	909	<tr>
	910
	911
[354]	912
	913
[108]	914	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'tsw2'</i></td>
	915
	916
	917
[354]	918
	919
[108]	920	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	921	respect
[5]	922	to the square of the characteristic
[48]	923	temperature of the CBL theta<sub>*</sub> (this is defined
	924	as ratio of
[108]	925	the surface heat flux and w<sub>*</sub>).</td>
	926
	927
[354]	928
	929
[108]	930	</tr>
	931
	932
	933
[354]	934
	935
[108]	936	<tr>
	937
	938
[354]	939
	940
[108]	941	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws3'</i></td>
	942
	943
	944
[354]	945
	946
[108]	947	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	948	respect
[108]	949	to w<sub>*</sub> <sup>3</sup>.</td>
	950
	951
[354]	952
	953
[108]	954	</tr>
	955
	956
	957
[354]	958
	959
[108]	960	<tr>
	961
	962
[354]	963
	964
[108]	965	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'ws2tsw'</i></td>
	966
	967
	968
[354]	969
	970
[108]	971	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	972	respect
[5]	973	to w<sub></sub><sup>2</sup>theta<sub></sub>
	974	(for definition of theta<sub>*</sub> see <span style="font-style: italic;">'tsw2'</span>).</td>
[108]	975
	976
	977
[354]	978
	979
[108]	980	</tr>
	981
	982
[354]	983
	984
[108]	985	<tr>
	986
	987
[354]	988
	989
[108]	990	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><i>'wstsw2'</i></td>
	991
	992
	993
[354]	994
	995
[108]	996	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	997	respect
[5]	998	to w<sub></sub><sup>2 </sup>theta<sub></sub>
	999	(for definition of theta<sub>*</sub> see <span style="font-style: italic;">'tsw2'</span>).</td>
[108]	1000
	1001
	1002
[354]	1003
	1004
[108]	1005	</tr>
	1006
	1007
[354]	1008
	1009
[108]	1010
	1011
	1012
[354]	1013
	1014
[108]	1015	</tbody>
	1016
	1017
[354]	1018
	1019
[108]	1020	</table>
	1021
	1022
[354]	1023
	1024
[108]	1025
	1026
	1027
[354]	1028
	1029
[108]	1030	<p>For each
[48]	1031	coordinate system (panel) to be drawn (see <a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>)
	1032	an individual normalization quantity can be assigned. For example: if <span style="font-weight: bold;">cross_normalized_x</span> =
[108]	1033	<span style="font-style: italic;">'ws2'</span><i>,'ws3'</i>,
[48]	1034	then the
[5]	1035	x-values in the 1st coordinate system are normalized with respect to w<sub>*</sub><sup>2</sup>
[48]	1036	and in the 2nd system with respect to w<sub>*</sub><sup>3</sup>.
	1037	Data
[5]	1038	of the further coordinate systems (if any are to be drawn) are not
[108]	1039	normalized.  </p>
	1040
	1041
[354]	1042
	1043
[108]	1044
	1045
	1046
[354]	1047
	1048
[108]	1049	<p>Using a normalization
[48]	1050	leaves all vertical profile data on
[5]	1051	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
[48]	1052	unaffected, it only affects the visualization. Within <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>, the
	1053	normalization is steered
[5]	1054	by parameter <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html#NORMX">normx</a>
	1055	which may be changed subsequently by the user in the parameter file
	1056	(local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>).<br>
[108]	1057
	1058
	1059
[354]	1060
	1061
[5]	1062	<br>
[108]	1063
	1064
	1065
[354]	1066
	1067
[5]	1068	The assigned normalization quantity is noted in the axes labels of the
	1069	respective coordinate systems (see <a href="#cross_xtext">cross_xtext</a>).</p>
[108]	1070
	1071
	1072
[354]	1073
	1074
[108]	1075	</td>
	1076
	1077
[354]	1078
	1079
[108]	1080	</tr>
	1081
	1082
[354]	1083
	1084
[108]	1085	<tr>
	1086
	1087
[354]	1088
	1089
[108]	1090	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1091
	1092
[354]	1093
	1094
[108]	1095	<p><a name="cross_normalized_y"></a><b>cross_normalized_y</b></p>
	1096
	1097
	1098
[354]	1099
	1100
[108]	1101	</td>
	1102
	1103
[354]	1104
	1105
[108]	1106	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10
	1107	<br>
	1108
	1109
[354]	1110
	1111
[108]	1112	(100)</td>
	1113
	1114
[354]	1115
	1116
[108]	1117	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100 * ' '</i></td>
	1118
	1119
	1120
[354]	1121
	1122
[108]	1123	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1124
	1125
[354]	1126
	1127
[108]	1128	<p>Type of
[48]	1129	normalization applied to the y-coordinate of vertical
[5]	1130	profiles to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>. </p>
[108]	1131
	1132
	1133
[354]	1134
	1135
[108]	1136
	1137
[354]	1138
	1139
[108]	1140	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	1141	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	1142
	1143
[354]	1144
	1145
[108]	1146
	1147
[354]	1148
	1149
[108]	1150	<p>If
[48]	1151	vertical profiles are plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> (data on
	1152	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>,
[5]	1153	parameter on local file <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>)
	1154	the y-values of the data points can be normalized with respect to
	1155	certain quantities (at present only the normalization with respect to
	1156	the boundary layer height is possible) in order to ensure a better
[108]	1157	comparability. </p>
	1158
	1159
[354]	1160
	1161
[108]	1162
	1163
	1164
[354]	1165
	1166
[108]	1167	<p>The user can choose between the
[48]	1168	following normalization
[108]	1169	quantities: <br>
	1170
	1171
[354]	1172
	1173
[108]	1174	</p>
	1175
	1176
[354]	1177
	1178
[108]	1179
	1180
	1181
[354]	1182
	1183
[108]	1184	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	1185
	1186
[354]	1187
	1188
[108]	1189	<tbody>
	1190
	1191
[354]	1192
	1193
[108]	1194	<tr>
	1195
	1196
[354]	1197
	1198
[108]	1199	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'z_i'</i></td>
	1200
	1201
	1202
[354]	1203
	1204
[108]	1205	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Normalization with
[48]	1206	respect
[5]	1207	to the boundary layer height
	1208	(determined from the height where the heat flux achieves its minimum
[108]	1209	value).</td>
	1210
	1211
[354]	1212
	1213
[108]	1214	</tr>
	1215
	1216
[354]	1217
	1218
[108]	1219
	1220
	1221
[354]	1222
	1223
[108]	1224	</tbody>
	1225
	1226
[354]	1227
	1228
[108]	1229	</table>
	1230
	1231
[354]	1232
	1233
[108]	1234
	1235
	1236
[354]	1237
	1238
[108]	1239	<p>For
[48]	1240	further explanations see <a href="#cross_normalized_x">cross_normalized_x.</a></p>
[108]	1241
	1242
	1243
[354]	1244
	1245
[108]	1246	</td>
	1247
	1248
[354]	1249
	1250
[108]	1251	</tr>
	1252
	1253
[354]	1254
	1255
[108]	1256	<tr>
	1257
	1258
[354]	1259
	1260
[108]	1261	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1262
	1263
[354]	1264
	1265
[108]	1266	<p><a name="cross_profiles"></a><b>cross_profiles</b></p>
	1267
	1268
	1269
[354]	1270
	1271
[108]	1272	</td>
	1273
	1274
[354]	1275
	1276
[108]	1277	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*100
	1278	<br>
	1279
	1280
[354]	1281
	1282
[108]	1283	(100)</td>
	1284
	1285
[354]	1286
	1287
[108]	1288	<td style="vertical-align: top;">see right<br>
	1289
	1290
[354]	1291
	1292
[108]	1293	</td>
	1294
	1295
	1296
[354]	1297
	1298
[108]	1299	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1300
	1301
[354]	1302
	1303
[108]	1304	<p>Determines
[48]	1305	which vertical profiles are to be presented in
	1306	which coordinate system if the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span> is used.
[108]	1307	</p>
	1308
	1309
[354]	1310
	1311
[108]	1312
	1313
	1314
[354]	1315
	1316
[108]	1317	<p>This parameter only applies for
[48]	1318	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	1319	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	1320
	1321
[354]	1322
	1323
[108]	1324
	1325
[354]	1326
	1327
[108]	1328	<p>The
	1329	default assignment is:  </p>
	1330
	1331
[354]	1332
	1333
[108]	1334
	1335
	1336
[354]	1337
	1338
[108]	1339	<p><b>cross_profiles</b>
	1340	=  </p>
	1341
	1342
[354]	1343
	1344
[108]	1345
	1346
	1347
[354]	1348
	1349
[108]	1350	<ul>
	1351
	1352
[354]	1353
	1354
[108]	1355
	1356
	1357
[354]	1358
	1359
[108]	1360	<p><span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
	1361	u v ',</span><br>
	1362
	1363
[354]	1364
	1365
[108]	1366	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' pt
	1367	',  </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
	1368
	1369
[354]	1370
	1371
[108]	1372	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
	1373	w"pt" wpt wptBC wpt wptBC ',  </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
	1374
	1375
[354]	1376
	1377
[108]	1378	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
	1379	w"u" wu wu w"v"wv wv ',  </span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
	1380
	1381
[354]	1382
	1383
[108]	1384	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' km
	1385	kh ',</span><br style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">
	1386
	1387
[354]	1388
	1389
[108]	1390	<span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' l '
[5]	1391	,</span><br>
[108]	1392
	1393
	1394
[354]	1395
	1396
[48]	1397	14 * <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">'
[108]	1398	'</span></p>
	1399
	1400
[354]	1401
	1402
[108]	1403
	1404
	1405
[354]	1406
	1407
[108]	1408	</ul>
	1409
	1410
[354]	1411
	1412
[108]	1413
	1414
	1415
[354]	1416
	1417
[108]	1418	<p>If plot output of
[48]	1419	vertical profiles is produced (see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>),
[5]	1420	the appropriate data are written to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>.
	1421	Simultaneously, the model produces a parameter file (local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>)
	1422	which describes the layout for a plot to be generated with the plot
[48]	1423	program <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
	1424	The parameter <b>cross_profiles</b>
[5]	1425	determines how many coordinate systems (panels) the plot contains and
	1426	which profiles are supposed to be drawn into which panel. <b>cross_profiles</b>
	1427	expects a character string (up to 100 characters long) for each
	1428	coordinate system, which consists of the names of the profiles to be
	1429	drawn into this system (all available profiles and their respective
	1430	names are described at parameter <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>).
	1431	The single names have to be separated by one blank (' ') and a blank
[48]	1432	must be spent also at the beginning and at the end of the
[108]	1433	string.  </p>
	1434
	1435
[354]	1436
	1437
[108]	1438
	1439
	1440
[354]	1441
	1442
[108]	1443	<p>Example:  </p>
	1444
	1445
[354]	1446
	1447
[108]	1448
	1449
	1450
[354]	1451
	1452
[108]	1453	<ul>
	1454
	1455
	1456
[354]	1457
	1458
[108]	1459
	1460
[354]	1461
	1462
[108]	1463	<p><b>cross_profiles</b> = <span style="font-family: monospace; font-style: italic;">' u v ',
	1464	' pt '</span></p>
	1465
	1466
[354]	1467
	1468
[108]	1469
	1470
	1471
[354]	1472
	1473
[108]	1474	</ul>
	1475
	1476
[354]	1477
	1478
[108]	1479
	1480
	1481
[354]	1482
	1483
[108]	1484	<p>In this case the
[48]	1485	plot consists of two coordinate systems
[5]	1486	(panels) with the first panel containing the profiles of the horizontal
[48]	1487	velocity components (<span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>
	1488	and <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>)
	1489	of all output times (see <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>)
[5]	1490	and the second one containing the profiles of the potential temperature
	1491	(<span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span>).<br>
[108]	1492
	1493
	1494
[354]	1495
	1496
[108]	1497	</p>
	1498
	1499
[354]	1500
	1501
[108]	1502
	1503
	1504
[354]	1505
	1506
[108]	1507	<p>Whether the coordinate systems are actually drawn,
[48]	1508	depends on
[5]	1509	whether data of the appropriate profiles were output during the run
	1510	(profiles to be output have to be selected with the parameter <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>).
[48]	1511	For example if <b>data_output_pr</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span> was assigned,
	1512	then
[5]	1513	the plot only consists of one panel, since no profiles of the potential
	1514	temperature were output. On the other hand, if profiles were assigned
	1515	to <b>data_output_pr </b>whose names do not appear in <b>cross_profiles</b>,
	1516	then the respective profile data are output (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>)
[108]	1517	but they are not drawn in the plot. <br>
	1518
	1519
[354]	1520
	1521
[108]	1522	</p>
	1523
	1524
	1525
[354]	1526
	1527
[5]	1528	The arrangement of the panels in the plot can be controlled
	1529	with the parameters <a href="#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>
	1530	and <a href="#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>.
	1531	Up to 100 panels systems are allowed in a plot (however, they may be
[108]	1532	distributed on several pages).</td>
	1533
	1534
[354]	1535
	1536
[108]	1537	</tr>
	1538
	1539
[354]	1540
	1541
[108]	1542	<tr>
	1543
	1544
[354]	1545
	1546
[108]	1547	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1548
	1549
[354]	1550
	1551
[108]	1552	<p><a name="cross_xtext"></a><b>cross_xtext</b></p>
	1553
	1554
	1555
[354]	1556
	1557
[108]	1558	</td>
	1559
	1560
[354]	1561
	1562
[108]	1563	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*40
	1564	<br>
	1565
	1566
[354]	1567
	1568
[108]	1569	(100)</td>
	1570
	1571
[354]	1572
	1573
[108]	1574	<td style="vertical-align: top;">see right<br>
	1575
	1576
[354]	1577
	1578
[108]	1579	</td>
	1580
	1581
	1582
[354]	1583
	1584
[108]	1585	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1586
	1587
[354]	1588
	1589
[108]	1590	<p>x-axis labels
[48]	1591	of vertical profile coordinate systems to be
	1592	plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
[108]	1593	</p>
	1594
	1595
[354]	1596
	1597
[108]	1598
	1599
	1600
[354]	1601
	1602
[108]	1603	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	1604	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	1605
	1606
[354]	1607
	1608
[108]	1609
	1610
[354]	1611
	1612
[108]	1613	<p>The
	1614	default assignment is:  </p>
	1615
	1616
[354]	1617
	1618
[108]	1619
	1620
	1621
[354]	1622
	1623
[108]	1624	<p><b>cross_xtext</b>
	1625	=  </p>
	1626
	1627
[354]	1628
	1629
[108]	1630
	1631
	1632
[354]	1633
	1634
[108]	1635	<ul>
	1636
	1637
[354]	1638
	1639
[108]	1640
	1641
	1642
[354]	1643
	1644
[108]	1645	<p><span style="font-style: italic;">'wind speed in
	1646	ms>->1',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	1647
	1648
[354]	1649
	1650
[108]	1651	<span style="font-style: italic;">'pot. temperature in
[5]	1652	K',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
[108]	1653
	1654
	1655
[354]	1656
	1657
[108]	1658	<span style="font-style: italic;">'heat flux in K
	1659	ms>->1',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	1660
	1661
[354]	1662
	1663
[108]	1664	<span style="font-style: italic;">'momentum flux in
	1665	m>2s>2',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	1666
	1667
[354]	1668
	1669
[108]	1670	<span style="font-style: italic;">'eddy diffusivity in
	1671	m>2s>->1',  </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	1672
	1673
[354]	1674
	1675
[108]	1676	<span style="font-style: italic;">'mixing length in m',</span>
	1677	<br>
	1678
	1679
[354]	1680
	1681
[108]	1682	14 * <span style="font-style: italic;">' '</span></p>
	1683
	1684
	1685
[354]	1686
	1687
[108]	1688
	1689
[354]	1690
	1691
[108]	1692	</ul>
	1693
	1694
[354]	1695
	1696
[108]	1697
	1698
	1699
[354]	1700
	1701
[108]	1702	<p>This parameter can be used to assign x-axis
[48]	1703	labels to vertical
	1704	profiles to be plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil </span>(for output
	1705	of vertical
[5]	1706	profile data see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>).<br>
[108]	1707
	1708
	1709
[354]	1710
	1711
[5]	1712	The labels are assigned to those coordinate systems (panels) defined by
[108]	1713	<a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>
[5]	1714	according to their respective order (compare the default values of <b>cross_xtext</b>
[108]	1715	and <b>cross_profiles</b>). </p>
	1716
	1717
[354]	1718
	1719
[108]	1720
	1721
	1722
[354]	1723
	1724
[108]	1725	<p>Umlauts
[493]	1726	are possible (write “ in front of, similar to TeX), as
[48]	1727	well as super- and subscripts (use ">" or "<" in front of
	1728	each
[5]	1729	character), special characters etc. (see UNIRAS manuals) when using the
	1730	plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html#chapter3.2.6">profil</a>.</p>
[108]	1731
	1732
	1733
[354]	1734
	1735
[108]	1736	</td>
	1737
	1738
[354]	1739
	1740
[108]	1741	</tr>
	1742
	1743
[354]	1744
	1745
[108]	1746	<tr>
	1747
	1748
[354]	1749
	1750
[108]	1751	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1752
	1753
[354]	1754
	1755
[108]	1756	<p><a name="cycle_mg"></a><b>cycle_mg</b></p>
	1757
	1758
	1759
[354]	1760
	1761
[108]	1762	</td>
	1763
	1764
[354]	1765
	1766
[108]	1767	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*1</td>
	1768
	1769
	1770
[354]	1771
	1772
[108]	1773	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'w'</i></td>
	1774
	1775
	1776
[354]	1777
	1778
[108]	1779	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1780
	1781
[354]	1782
	1783
[108]	1784	<p>Type of cycle
	1785	to be used with the multi-grid method.  </p>
	1786
	1787
[354]	1788
	1789
[108]	1790
	1791
	1792
[354]	1793
	1794
[108]	1795	<p>This
[48]	1796	parameter determines which type of cycle is applied in
[5]	1797	the multi-grid method used for solving the Poisson equation for
	1798	perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>).
	1799	It defines in which way it is switched between the fine and coarse
	1800	grids. So-called v- and w-cycles are realized (i.e. <b>cycle_mg</b>
[48]	1801	may be assigned the values <i>'v'</i> or <i>'w'</i>).
	1802	The
[5]	1803	computational cost of w-cycles is much higher than that of v-cycles,
[108]	1804	however, w-cycles give a much better convergence. </p>
	1805
	1806
[354]	1807
	1808
[108]	1809	</td>
	1810
	1811
	1812
[354]	1813
	1814
[108]	1815	</tr>
	1816
	1817
[354]	1818
	1819
[108]	1820	<tr>
	1821
	1822
[354]	1823
	1824
[108]	1825	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	1826
	1827
[354]	1828
	1829
[108]	1830	<p><a name="data_output"></a><b>data_output</b></p>
	1831
	1832
	1833
[354]	1834
	1835
[108]	1836	</td>
	1837
	1838
[354]	1839
	1840
[108]	1841	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10 (100)<br>
	1842
	1843
	1844
[354]	1845
	1846
[108]	1847	</td>
	1848
	1849
[354]	1850
	1851
[108]	1852	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100 * ' '</span><br>
	1853
	1854
	1855
[354]	1856
	1857
[108]	1858	</td>
	1859
	1860
[354]	1861
	1862
[108]	1863	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Quantities
	1864	for which 2d cross section and/or 3d volume data are to be output.<br>
	1865
	1866
[354]	1867
	1868
[108]	1869	<br>
	1870
	1871
[354]	1872
	1873
[108]	1874	PALM
[5]	1875	allows the output of instantaneous data as well as of temporally
	1876	averaged data which is steered by the strings assigned to this
[108]	1877	parameter (see below).<br>
	1878
	1879
[354]	1880
	1881
[108]	1882	<br>
	1883
	1884
[354]	1885
	1886
[108]	1887	By default, cross section
[48]	1888	data are output (depending on the selected cross sections(s), see
	1889	below)  to local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF</a>,
[108]	1890	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF</a>
[48]	1891	and/or <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF">DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF</a>.
	1892	Volume data are output to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_3D_NETCDF">DATA_3D_NETCDF</a>.
	1893	If the user has switched on the output of temporally averaged data,
	1894	these are written seperately to local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF</a>,
[108]	1895	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF</a>,
	1896	<a href="chapter_4.3.html#DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF">DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF</a>,
[48]	1897	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF">DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF</a>,
[108]	1898	respectively.<br>
	1899
	1900
[354]	1901
	1902
[108]	1903	<br>
	1904
	1905
[354]	1906
	1907
[108]	1908	The
[5]	1909	filenames already suggest that all files have NetCDF format.
	1910	Informations about the file content (kind of quantities, array
	1911	dimensions and grid coordinates) are part of the self describing NetCDF
	1912	format and can be extracted from the NetCDF files using the command
[48]	1913	"ncdump -c <filename>". See chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a> about processing
[108]	1914	the PALM NetCDF data.<br>
	1915
	1916
[354]	1917
	1918
[108]	1919	<br>
	1920
	1921
[354]	1922
	1923
[108]	1924	The following quantities are
	1925	available for output by default (quantity names ending with '*' are only allowed for the output of horizontal cross sections):<br>
	1926
	1927
[354]	1928
	1929
[108]	1930	<br>
	1931
	1932
[354]	1933
	1934
[108]	1935
	1936
[354]	1937
	1938
[108]	1939	<table style="text-align: left; width: 576px; height: 481px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	1940
	1941
[354]	1942
	1943
[108]	1944	<tbody>
	1945
	1946
[354]	1947
	1948
[108]	1949	<tr>
	1950
	1951
[354]	1952
	1953
[108]	1954	<td style="width: 106px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">quantity
	1955	name</span></td>
	1956
	1957
[354]	1958
	1959
[108]	1960	<td style="width: 196px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">meaning</span></td>
	1961
	1962
[354]	1963
	1964
[108]	1965	<td><span style="font-weight: bold;">unit</span></td>
	1966
	1967
[354]	1968
	1969
[108]	1970	<td><span style="font-weight: bold;">remarks</span></td>
	1971
	1972
[354]	1973
	1974
[108]	1975	</tr>
	1976
	1977
[354]	1978
	1979
[108]	1980	<tr>
	1981
	1982
[354]	1983
	1984
[108]	1985	<td style="width: 106px;"><span style="font-style: italic;">e</span></td>
	1986
	1987
[354]	1988
	1989
[108]	1990	<td style="width: 196px;">SGS TKE</td>
	1991
	1992
[354]	1993
	1994
[108]	1995	<td>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup></td>
	1996
	1997
[354]	1998
	1999
[493]	2000	<td><br>
	2001	</td>
[108]	2002
	2003
[354]	2004
	2005
[108]	2006	</tr>
	2007
	2008
[354]	2009
	2010
[108]	2011	<tr>
	2012
	2013
[354]	2014
	2015
[108]	2016	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">lwp*</span></td>
	2017
	2018
[354]	2019
	2020
[108]	2021	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">liquid water path</td>
	2022
	2023
[354]	2024
	2025
[108]	2026	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td>
	2027
	2028
[354]	2029
	2030
[108]	2031	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
[48]	2032	is allowed, requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
[108]	2033	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2034
	2035
[354]	2036
	2037
[108]	2038	</tr>
	2039
	2040
[354]	2041
	2042
[108]	2043	<tr>
	2044
	2045
[354]	2046
	2047
[108]	2048	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">p</span></td>
	2049
	2050
[354]	2051
	2052
[108]	2053	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">perturpation
	2054	pressure</td>
	2055
	2056
[354]	2057
	2058
[108]	2059	<td style="vertical-align: top;">N/m<sup>2</sup>,
	2060	Pa</td>
	2061
	2062
[354]	2063
	2064
[493]	2065	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2066	</td>
[108]	2067
	2068
[354]	2069
	2070
[108]	2071	</tr>
	2072
	2073
[354]	2074
	2075
[108]	2076	<tr>
	2077
	2078
[354]	2079
	2080
[108]	2081	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pc</span></td>
	2082
	2083
[354]	2084
	2085
[108]	2086	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">particle/droplet
	2087	concentration</td>
	2088
	2089
[354]	2090
	2091
[108]	2092	<td style="vertical-align: top;">#/gridbox</td>
	2093
	2094
[354]	2095
	2096
[108]	2097	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires that particle
[48]	2098	advection is switched on by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option
[108]	2099	"-p particles"</td>
	2100
	2101
[354]	2102
	2103
[108]	2104	</tr>
	2105
	2106
[354]	2107
	2108
[108]	2109	<tr>
	2110
	2111
[354]	2112
	2113
[108]	2114	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pr</span></td>
	2115
	2116
[354]	2117
	2118
[108]	2119	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">mean
	2120	particle/droplet radius </td>
	2121
	2122
[354]	2123
	2124
[108]	2125	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td>
	2126
	2127
[354]	2128
	2129
[108]	2130	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires that particle
[48]	2131	advection is switched on by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option
[108]	2132	"-p particles"</td>
	2133
	2134
[354]	2135
	2136
[108]	2137	</tr>
	2138
	2139
[354]	2140
	2141
[108]	2142	<tr>
	2143
	2144
[354]	2145
	2146
[108]	2147	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pra*</span></td>
	2148
	2149
[354]	2150
	2151
[108]	2152	<td style="vertical-align: top;">precipitation amount</td>
	2153
	2154
[354]	2155
	2156
[108]	2157	<td style="vertical-align: top;">mm</td>
	2158
	2159
[354]	2160
	2161
[108]	2162	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
[72]	2163	is allowed, requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#precipitation">precipitation</a>
[108]	2164	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE., </span>time interval on which amount refers to is defined by <a href="#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a></td>
	2165
	2166
[354]	2167
	2168
[108]	2169	</tr>
	2170
	2171
[354]	2172
	2173
[108]	2174	<tr>
	2175
	2176
[354]	2177
	2178
[108]	2179	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">prr*</span></td>
	2180
	2181
[354]	2182
	2183
[108]	2184	<td style="vertical-align: top;">precipitation rate</td>
	2185
	2186
[354]	2187
	2188
[108]	2189	<td style="vertical-align: top;">mm/s</td>
	2190
	2191
[354]	2192
	2193
[108]	2194	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
[72]	2195	is allowed, requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#precipitation">precipitation</a>
[108]	2196	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2197
	2198
[354]	2199
	2200
[108]	2201	</tr>
	2202
	2203
[354]	2204
	2205
[108]	2206	<tr>
	2207
	2208
[354]	2209
	2210
[108]	2211	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">pt</span></td>
	2212
	2213
[354]	2214
	2215
[108]	2216	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">potential
	2217	temperature<br>
	2218
	2219
[354]	2220
	2221
[108]	2222	</td>
	2223
	2224
[354]	2225
	2226
[108]	2227	<td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td>
	2228
	2229
[354]	2230
	2231
[493]	2232	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2233	</td>
[108]	2234
	2235
[354]	2236
	2237
[108]	2238	</tr>
	2239
	2240
[354]	2241
	2242
[108]	2243	<tr>
	2244
	2245
[354]	2246
	2247
[108]	2248	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">q</span></td>
	2249
	2250
[354]	2251
	2252
[108]	2253	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">specific humidity
	2254	(or total water content, if cloud physics is switched on)</td>
	2255
	2256
[354]	2257
	2258
[108]	2259	<td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
	2260
	2261
[354]	2262
	2263
[108]	2264	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2265
	2266
[354]	2267
	2268
[108]	2269	</tr>
	2270
	2271
[354]	2272
	2273
[108]	2274	<tr>
	2275
	2276
[354]	2277
	2278
[108]	2279	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql</span></td>
	2280
	2281
[354]	2282
	2283
[108]	2284	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">liquid water
	2285	content</td>
	2286
	2287
[354]	2288
	2289
[108]	2290	<td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
	2291
	2292
[354]	2293
	2294
[108]	2295	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
[48]	2296	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>
	2297	or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
[108]	2298	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2299
	2300
[354]	2301
	2302
[108]	2303	</tr>
	2304
	2305
[354]	2306
	2307
[108]	2308	<tr>
	2309
	2310
[354]	2311
	2312
[108]	2313	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_c</span></td>
	2314
	2315
[354]	2316
	2317
[108]	2318	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">change in liquid
	2319	water content due to condensation/evaporation during last timestep</td>
	2320
	2321
[354]	2322
	2323
[108]	2324	<td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
	2325
	2326
[354]	2327
	2328
[108]	2329	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
	2330	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2331
	2332
[354]	2333
	2334
[108]	2335	</tr>
	2336
	2337
[354]	2338
	2339
[108]	2340	<tr>
	2341
	2342
[354]	2343
	2344
[108]	2345	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_v</span></td>
	2346
	2347
[354]	2348
	2349
[108]	2350	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">volume of liquid
	2351	water</td>
	2352
	2353
[354]	2354
	2355
[108]	2356	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m<sup>3</sup>/gridbox</td>
	2357
	2358
[354]	2359
	2360
[108]	2361	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
	2362	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2363
	2364
[354]	2365
	2366
[108]	2367	</tr>
	2368
	2369
[354]	2370
	2371
[108]	2372	<tr>
	2373
	2374
[354]	2375
	2376
[108]	2377	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ql_vp</span></td>
	2378
	2379
[354]	2380
	2381
[108]	2382	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">weighting factor</td>
	2383
	2384
[354]	2385
	2386
[493]	2387	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2388	</td>
[108]	2389
	2390
[354]	2391
	2392
[108]	2393	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>
	2394	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2395
	2396
[354]	2397
	2398
[108]	2399	</tr>
	2400
	2401
[354]	2402
	2403
[108]	2404	<tr>
	2405
[354]	2406	<td>qsws*</td>
[108]	2407
[354]	2408	<td>latent surface heatflux</td>
	2409
	2410	<td>kg/kg * m/s</td>
	2411
	2412	<td>only horizontal cross section is allowed, requires humidity = .TRUE. </td>
	2413
	2414	</tr>
	2415
	2416	<tr>
	2417
	2418
	2419
	2420
[108]	2421	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">qv</span></td>
	2422
	2423
[354]	2424
	2425
[108]	2426	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">water vapor
	2427	content (specific humidity)</td>
	2428
	2429
[354]	2430
	2431
[108]	2432	<td style="vertical-align: top;">kg/kg</td>
	2433
	2434
[354]	2435
	2436
[108]	2437	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a>
	2438	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2439
	2440
[354]	2441
	2442
[108]	2443	</tr>
	2444
	2445
[354]	2446
	2447
[108]	2448	<tr>
	2449
	2450
[354]	2451
	2452
[108]	2453	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">rho</span></td>
	2454
	2455
[354]	2456
	2457
[108]	2458	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">potential density</td>
	2459
	2460
[354]	2461
	2462
[108]	2463	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">kg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
	2464
	2465
[354]	2466
	2467
[108]	2468	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>
	2469	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2470
	2471
[354]	2472
	2473
[108]	2474	</tr>
	2475
	2476
[354]	2477
	2478
[108]	2479	<tr>
	2480
	2481
[354]	2482
	2483
[108]	2484	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">s</span></td>
	2485
	2486
[354]	2487
	2488
[108]	2489	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">concentration of
	2490	the scalar</td>
	2491
	2492
[354]	2493
	2494
[108]	2495	<td style="vertical-align: top;">1/m<sup>3</sup></td>
	2496
	2497
[354]	2498
	2499
[108]	2500	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>
	2501	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2502
	2503
[354]	2504
	2505
[108]	2506	</tr>
	2507
	2508
[354]	2509
	2510
[108]	2511	<tr>
	2512
	2513
[354]	2514
	2515
[108]	2516	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">sa</span></td>
	2517
	2518
[354]	2519
	2520
[108]	2521	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">salinity</td>
	2522
	2523
[354]	2524
	2525
[108]	2526	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">psu</td>
	2527
	2528
[354]	2529
	2530
[108]	2531	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>
	2532	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2533
	2534
[354]	2535
	2536
[108]	2537	</tr>
	2538
	2539
[354]	2540
	2541
[108]	2542	<tr>
	2543
[354]	2544	<td>shf*</td>
[108]	2545
[354]	2546	<td>sensible surface heatflux</td>
	2547
	2548	<td>K m/s</td>
	2549
	2550	<td>only horizontal cross section is allowed</td>
	2551
	2552	</tr>
	2553
	2554	<tr>
	2555
	2556
	2557
	2558
[108]	2559	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">t*</span></td>
	2560
	2561
[354]	2562
	2563
[108]	2564	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">(near surface)
	2565	characteristic temperature</td>
	2566
	2567
[354]	2568
	2569
[108]	2570	<td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td>
	2571
	2572
[354]	2573
	2574
[108]	2575	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
	2576	is allowed</td>
	2577
	2578
[354]	2579
	2580
[108]	2581	</tr>
	2582
	2583
[354]	2584
	2585
[108]	2586	<tr>
	2587
	2588
[354]	2589
	2590
[108]	2591	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">u</span></td>
	2592
	2593
[354]	2594
	2595
[108]	2596	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">u-component of
	2597	the velocity</td>
	2598
	2599
[354]	2600
	2601
[108]	2602	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
	2603
	2604
[354]	2605
	2606
[493]	2607	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2608	</td>
[108]	2609
	2610
[354]	2611
	2612
[108]	2613	</tr>
	2614
	2615
[354]	2616
	2617
[108]	2618	<tr>
	2619
	2620
[354]	2621
	2622
[108]	2623	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">u*</span></td>
	2624
	2625
[354]	2626
	2627
[108]	2628	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">(near surface)
	2629	friction velocity</td>
	2630
	2631
[354]	2632
	2633
[108]	2634	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
	2635
	2636
[354]	2637
	2638
[108]	2639	<td style="vertical-align: top;">only horizontal cross section
	2640	is allowed</td>
	2641
	2642
[354]	2643
	2644
[108]	2645	</tr>
	2646
	2647
[354]	2648
	2649
[108]	2650	<tr>
	2651
	2652
[354]	2653
	2654
[108]	2655	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">v</span></td>
	2656
	2657
[354]	2658
	2659
[108]	2660	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">v-component of
	2661	the velocity</td>
	2662
	2663
[354]	2664
	2665
[108]	2666	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
	2667
	2668
[354]	2669
	2670
[493]	2671	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2672	</td>
[108]	2673
	2674
[354]	2675
	2676
[108]	2677	</tr>
	2678
	2679
[354]	2680
	2681
[108]	2682	<tr>
	2683
	2684
[354]	2685
	2686
[108]	2687	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">vpt</span></td>
	2688
	2689
[354]	2690
	2691
[108]	2692	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">virtual potential
	2693	temperature</td>
	2694
	2695
[354]	2696
	2697
[108]	2698	<td style="vertical-align: top;">K</td>
	2699
	2700
[354]	2701
	2702
[108]	2703	<td style="vertical-align: top;">requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span></td>
	2704
	2705
[354]	2706
	2707
[108]	2708	</tr>
	2709
	2710
[354]	2711
	2712
[108]	2713	<tr>
	2714
	2715
[354]	2716
	2717
[108]	2718	<td style="width: 106px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">w</span></td>
	2719
	2720
[354]	2721
	2722
[108]	2723	<td style="width: 196px; vertical-align: top;">w-component of
	2724	the velocity</td>
	2725
	2726
[354]	2727
	2728
[108]	2729	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m/s</td>
	2730
	2731
[354]	2732
	2733
[493]	2734	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	2735	</td>
[108]	2736
	2737
[354]	2738
	2739
[108]	2740	</tr>
	2741
	2742
[354]	2743
	2744
[108]	2745	<tr>
	2746
	2747
[354]	2748
	2749
[108]	2750	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">z0*</span></td>
	2751
	2752
[354]	2753
	2754
[108]	2755	<td style="vertical-align: top;">roughness length</td>
	2756
	2757
[354]	2758
	2759
[108]	2760	<td style="vertical-align: top;">m</td>
	2761
	2762
[354]	2763
	2764
[493]	2765	<td><br>
	2766	</td>
[108]	2767
	2768
[354]	2769
	2770
[108]	2771	</tr>
	2772
	2773
[354]	2774
	2775
[108]	2776
	2777
[354]	2778
	2779
[108]	2780	</tbody>
	2781
	2782
[354]	2783
	2784
[108]	2785	</table>
	2786
	2787
[354]	2788
	2789
[108]	2790	<br>
	2791
	2792
[354]	2793
	2794
[108]	2795	Multiple
[48]	2796	quantities can be assigned, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>
[108]	2797	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'e'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w'</span>.<br>
	2798
	2799
[354]	2800
	2801
[108]	2802	<br>
	2803
	2804
[354]	2805
	2806
[108]	2807	By
[5]	2808	assigning the pure strings from the above table, 3d volume data is
[48]	2809	output. Cross section data can be output by appending the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'_xz'</span>, or <span style="font-style: italic;">'_yz'</span> to the
	2810	respective quantities. Time averaged output is created by
	2811	appending the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'_av'
[108]	2812	</span>(for
[5]	2813	cross section data, this string must be appended after the cross
	2814	section string). Cross section data can also be (additionally) averaged
	2815	along the direction normal to the respective section (see below).
	2816	Assignments of quantities can be given in arbitrary
[108]	2817	order:<br>
	2818
	2819
[354]	2820
	2821
[108]	2822	<br>
	2823
	2824
[354]	2825
	2826
[108]	2827	Example:<br>
	2828
	2829
[354]	2830
	2831
[108]	2832	<br>
	2833
	2834
[354]	2835
	2836
[108]	2837
	2838
[354]	2839
	2840
[108]	2841	<div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xz_av'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'u_av'</span>.<br>
	2842
	2843
[354]	2844
	2845
[108]	2846	</div>
	2847
	2848
[354]	2849
	2850
[108]	2851	<br>
	2852
	2853
[354]	2854
	2855
[108]	2856	This
[5]	2857	example will create the following output: instantaneous 3d volume data
	2858	of u-velocity component (by default on file DATA_3D_NETCDF), temporally
	2859	averaged 3d volume data of u-velocity component (by default on file
	2860	DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF), instantaneous horizontal cross section data of
	2861	w-velocity component (by default on file DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF), and
	2862	temporally averaged vertical cross section data of potential
[108]	2863	temperature (by default on file DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF).<br>
	2864
	2865
[354]	2866
	2867
[108]	2868	<br>
	2869
	2870
[354]	2871
	2872
[108]	2873	The
[48]	2874	user is allowed to extend the above list of quantities by defining his
[108]	2875	own output quantities (see the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user">data_output_user</a>).<br>
	2876
	2877
[354]	2878
	2879
[108]	2880	<br>
	2881
	2882
[354]	2883
	2884
[108]	2885	The
[48]	2886	time interval of the output times is determined via <a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_output</a>.
[5]	2887	This is valid for all types of output quantities by default. Individual
[48]	2888	time intervals for instantaneous  (!) 3d and section data can
	2889	be
[108]	2890	declared using <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>, and <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>.<br>
	2891
	2892
[354]	2893
	2894
[108]	2895	<br>
	2896
	2897
[354]	2898
	2899
[108]	2900	Also,
[48]	2901	an individual time interval for output of temporally averaged data can
	2902	be assigned using parameter <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>.
	2903	This applies to both 3d volume and cross section data. The length of
[108]	2904	the averaging interval is controlled via parameter <a href="#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>.<br>
	2905
	2906
[354]	2907
	2908
[108]	2909	<br>
	2910
	2911
[354]	2912
	2913
[108]	2914	The
[48]	2915	parameter <a href="#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_data_output</a>
	2916	can be used to shift data output activities for a given time interval.
	2917	Individual intervals can be set using <a href="#skip_time_do3d">skip_time_do3d</a>,
[108]	2918	<a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, and <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>.<br>
	2919
	2920
[354]	2921
	2922
[108]	2923
	2924
[354]	2925
	2926
[108]	2927	<p>With
[48]	2928	the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>
[5]	2929	the output can be limited in the vertical direction up to a certain
[108]	2930	grid point.<br>
	2931
	2932
[354]	2933
	2934
[108]	2935	</p>
	2936
	2937
[354]	2938
	2939
[108]	2940	Cross sections extend through the
[48]	2941	total model
	2942	domain. In the two horizontal directions all grid points with 0
	2943	<= i
[5]	2944	<= nx+1 and 0 <= j
[48]	2945	<= ny+1 are output so that in case of cyclic boundary conditions
	2946	the
	2947	complete total domain is represented. The location(s) of the cross
	2948	sections can be defined with parameters <a href="#section_xy">section_xy</a>,
[108]	2949	<a href="#section_xz">section_xz</a>, and <a href="#section_yz">section_yz</a>. Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_..</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
[48]	2950	causes the output data to be averaged along the direction
[108]	2951	normal to the respective section.<br>
	2952
	2953
[354]	2954
	2955
[108]	2956	<br>
	2957
	2958
[354]	2959
	2960
[108]	2961	<br>
	2962
	2963
[354]	2964
	2965
[108]	2966	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Output of user defined quantities:</span><br>
	2967
	2968
[354]	2969
	2970
[108]	2971	<br>
	2972
	2973
[354]	2974
	2975
[108]	2976	Beside
[5]	2977	the standard quantities from the above list, the user can output any
	2978	other quantities. These have to be defined and calculated within the
[48]	2979	user-defined code (see <a href="chapter_3.5.4.html">3.5.4</a>).
	2980	They can be selected for output with the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user">data_output_user</a>
	2981	for which the same rules apply as for <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>.
[5]	2982	Output of the user defined quantities (time interval, averaging,
	2983	selection of cross sections, etc.) is controlled with the parameters
	2984	listed above and data are written to the same file(s) as the standard
[108]	2985	quantities.<br>
	2986
	2987
[354]	2988
	2989
[108]	2990	<br>
	2991
	2992
[354]	2993
	2994
[108]	2995
	2996
[354]	2997
	2998
[108]	2999	<p style="font-weight: bold;">Output
	3000	on parallel machines:</p>
	3001
	3002
[354]	3003
	3004
[108]	3005
	3006
[354]	3007
	3008
[108]	3009	<p>
[5]	3010	By default, with parallel runs, processors output only data
	3011	of their respective subdomains into seperate local files (file names
	3012	are
	3013	constructed by appending the four digit processor ID, e.g.
[48]	3014	<filename>_0000, <filename>_0001, etc.).
	3015	After PALM has
[5]	3016	finished, the contents of these individual
[48]	3017	files are sampled into one final file<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>
	3018	using the program <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>
[5]	3019	(to be started e.g. by a suitable OUTPUT command in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
[108]	3020	configuration file).</p>
	3021
	3022
[354]	3023
	3024
[108]	3025
	3026
	3027
[354]	3028
	3029
[108]	3030	<p>Alternatively, PALM is able to
[48]	3031	collect all grid points of a
	3032	cross section on PE0 before output is done. In this case only
	3033	one
[5]	3034	output file (DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF, etc.) is created and <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>
[48]	3035	does not have to be called. In case of very large numbers of horizontal
	3036	gridpoints, sufficient
	3037	memory is required on PE0.  This method can be used by
	3038	assigning <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_2d_on_each_pe">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</a>
[108]	3039	= <i>.F.</i>.</p>
	3040
	3041
[354]	3042
	3043
[108]	3044
	3045
[354]	3046
	3047
[108]	3048	<p>3d volume data output is
[48]	3049	always handled seperately by each processor so that <span style="font-family: monospace;">combine_plot_fields.x</span>
[108]	3050	has to be called anyway after PALM has been finished.</p>
	3051
	3052
[354]	3053
	3054
[108]	3055
	3056
[354]	3057
	3058
[108]	3059	<p><br>
	3060
	3061
[354]	3062
	3063
[108]	3064	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Old formats:</span></p>
	3065
	3066
	3067
[354]	3068
	3069
[108]	3070
	3071
[354]	3072
	3073
[108]	3074	<p>Beside
[48]	3075	the NetCDF format, 2d cross section data and 3d volume data
	3076	can
[5]	3077	also be output, for historical reasons, in a different (binary) format
[108]	3078	using parameter <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>.</p>
	3079
	3080
[354]	3081
	3082
[108]	3083
	3084
[354]	3085
	3086
[108]	3087	<p>By
[48]	3088	assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format
[108]	3089	</span>= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>,
[48]	3090	the 3d volume data is output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT3D_DATA">PLOT3D_DATA</a>.
[5]	3091	Output is in FORTRAN binary format readable by
	3092	the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS</span>.
	3093	The order of data on the file follows the order used in the assignment
[48]	3094	for <b>data_output</b> (e.g. <b>data_output</b>
	3095	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'p'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>,...
[5]	3096	means that the file starts with the pressure data, followed by the
	3097	v-component of the velocity, etc.). Both instantaneous and time
	3098	averaged data are written on this file! Additional to this file, PALM
	3099	creates
	3100	a second binary file (local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT3D_COOR">PLOT3D_COOR</a>)
	3101	with coordinate information needed by <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS</span>.
	3102	As third and
	3103	fourth file two ASCII files are created (AVS-FLD-format, local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT3D_FLD">PLOT3D_FLD</a>
	3104	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT3D_FLD_COOR">PLOT3D_FLD_COOR</a>),
	3105	which describe the contents of the data file and/or coordinate file
	3106	and are used by AVS. However, AVS expects the content description in
	3107	one file. This needs the local file PLOT3D_FLD_COOR to be appended to
	3108	the file
	3109	PLOT3D_FLD (by suitable OUTPUT command in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
[493]	3110	configuration file: “<span style="font-family: monospace;">cat
	3111	PLOT3D_FLD_COOR >> PLOT3D_FLD</span>”)
[48]	3112	after PALM has
	3113	finished. To reduce the amount of data, output to this file
	3114	can be done
[5]	3115	in
[48]	3116	compressed form (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_compress">do3d_compress</a>).
	3117	Further details about plotting 3d volume data with <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS </span>can be found in
[108]	3118	<a href="chapter_4.5.5.html">chapter
	3119	4.5.5</a>.</p>
	3120
	3121
[354]	3122
	3123
[108]	3124	By assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format </span>=
	3125	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>,
[48]	3126	the cross section data is output to the local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>, <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ">PLOT2D_XZ</a>, and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ">PLOT2D_YZ</a>.
[5]	3127	Output is in FORTRAN binary format readable by
	3128	the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>.
	3129	The order of data on the files follows the order used in the assignment
[48]	3130	for <b>data_output</b> (e.g. <b>data_output</b>
	3131	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'p_xy'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v_xy_av'</span>,...
[5]	3132	means that the file containing the horizontal cross section data starts
	3133	with the instantaneous pressure data, followed by the
	3134	temporally averaged v-component of the velocity, etc.). Both
	3135	instantaneous and time averaged data are written on this
	3136	file!Additional to these binary files, PALM
	3137	creates NAMELIST parameter files
	3138	(local names <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>,
[108]	3139	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>,
	3140	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL</a>,
	3141	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL</a>,
	3142	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL</a>,
	3143	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL">PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL</a>)
[5]	3144	which can be used as parameter input files for the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">iso2d</a>.
	3145	That needs local files with suffix _LOCAL to be appended to the
	3146	respective files with suffix _GLOBAL (by
	3147	suitable OUTPUT commands in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
[493]	3148	configuration file, e.g.: “<span style="font-family: monospace;">cat
	3149	PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL >> PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</span>”)
[48]	3150	after PALM has
	3151	finished. Cross sections can be directly plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span> using the
	3152	respective data and
[5]	3153	parameter file. The plot layout is steered via the parameter input
	3154	file.
	3155	The values of these <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
	3156	parameters are determined by a set of mostly internal PALM parameters
	3157	(exception: <a href="chapter_4.2.html#z_max_do2d">z_max_do2d</a>).
	3158	All parameter values can be changed by editing the parameter input
[48]	3159	file. Further details about plotting 2d cross sections with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d </span>can be found
	3160	in <a href="chapter_4.5.4.html">chapter
[108]	3161	4.5.4</a>.<br>
	3162
	3163
[354]	3164
	3165
[108]	3166	<br>
	3167
	3168
[354]	3169
	3170
[108]	3171	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Important:</span><br>
	3172
	3173
[354]	3174
	3175
[108]	3176	There
[48]	3177	is no guarantee that iso2d- and avs-output will be available in future
[108]	3178	PALM versions (later than 3.0). </td>
	3179
	3180
[354]	3181
	3182
[108]	3183	</tr>
	3184
	3185
[354]	3186
	3187
[108]	3188	<tr>
	3189
	3190
[354]	3191
	3192
[108]	3193	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="data_output_format"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span><br>
	3194
	3195
	3196
[354]	3197
	3198
[108]	3199	</td>
	3200
	3201
[354]	3202
	3203
[108]	3204	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10 (10) </td>
	3205
	3206
	3207
[354]	3208
	3209
[108]	3210	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span> </td>
	3211
	3212
	3213
[354]	3214
	3215
[108]	3216	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Format of output data.<br>
	3217
	3218
[354]	3219
	3220
[108]	3221	<br>
	3222
	3223
[354]	3224
	3225
[108]	3226	By
[48]	3227	default, all data (profiles, time
[5]	3228	series, spectra, particle data, cross sections, volume data) are output
[493]	3229	in NetCDF 64bit-offset format (see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>).
[48]	3230	Exception: restart data (local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#BININ">BININ</a>, <a href="chapter_3.4.html#BINOUT">BINOUT</a>, <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>,
[108]	3231	<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT</a>)
	3232	are always output in FORTRAN binary format.<br>
	3233
	3234
[354]	3235
	3236
[108]	3237	<br>
	3238
	3239
[354]	3240
	3241
[108]	3242	The
[493]	3243	numerical precision of the NetCDF output is determined with parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#netcdf_precision">netcdf_precision</a>.<br>
[108]	3244
	3245
[354]	3246
	3247
[493]	3248	<br>Other NetCDF formats (classic, NetCDF4/HDF5) can be selected with parameter <a href="#netcdf_data_format">netcdf_data_format</a>.<br>
[108]	3249
	3250
[354]	3251
	3252
[108]	3253	<br>
	3254
	3255
[354]	3256
	3257
[108]	3258	For historical
[48]	3259	reasons, other data formats are still available. Beside 'netcdf', <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span>
[108]	3260	may be assigned the following values:<br>
	3261
	3262
[354]	3263
	3264
[108]	3265	<br>
	3266
	3267
[354]	3268
	3269
[108]	3270
	3271
[354]	3272
	3273
[108]	3274	<table style="text-align: left; width: 594px; height: 104px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	3275
	3276
[354]	3277
	3278
[108]	3279	<tbody>
	3280
	3281
[354]	3282
	3283
[108]	3284	<tr>
	3285
	3286
[354]	3287
	3288
[108]	3289	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span></td>
	3290
	3291
[354]	3292
	3293
[108]	3294	<td>output
[48]	3295	of profiles, time series and spectra in ASCII format to be
	3296	read by the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil
[108]	3297	</span>(see chapters <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">4.5.2</a>,
	3298	<a href="#chapter_4.5.3.html">4.5.3</a>)</td>
	3299
	3300
[354]	3301
	3302
[108]	3303	</tr>
	3304
	3305
[354]	3306
	3307
[108]	3308	<tr>
	3309
	3310
[354]	3311
	3312
[108]	3313	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span></td>
	3314
	3315
[354]	3316
	3317
[108]	3318	<td>output
[48]	3319	of 2d cross-sections in FORTRAN binary format to be read by the graphic
	3320	software <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
[108]	3321	(see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.4.html">4.5.4</a>)</td>
	3322
	3323
[354]	3324
	3325
[108]	3326	</tr>
	3327
	3328
[354]	3329
	3330
[108]	3331	<tr>
	3332
	3333
[354]	3334
	3335
[108]	3336	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span></td>
	3337
	3338
[354]	3339
	3340
[108]	3341	<td>output
[48]	3342	of 3d volume data in FORTRAN binary format to be read by the graphic
	3343	software <span style="font-weight: bold;">AVS</span>
[108]	3344	(see chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.5.html">4.5.5</a>)</td>
	3345
	3346
[354]	3347
	3348
[108]	3349	</tr>
	3350
	3351
[354]	3352
	3353
[108]	3354
	3355
[354]	3356
	3357
[108]	3358	</tbody>
	3359
	3360
[354]	3361
	3362
[108]	3363	</table>
	3364
	3365
[354]	3366
	3367
[108]	3368	<br>
	3369
	3370
[354]	3371
	3372
[108]	3373	Multiple
[48]	3374	values can be assigned to <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span>,
	3375	i.e. if the user wants to have both the "old" data format suitable for <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span> as well as
	3376	cross section data in NetCDF format, then <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
[108]	3377	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'netcdf'</span> has to be
	3378	assigned.<br>
	3379
	3380
[354]	3381
	3382
[108]	3383	<br>
	3384
	3385
[354]	3386
	3387
[108]	3388	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Warning:</span>
[48]	3389	There is no guarantee that the "old" formats will be available in
[108]	3390	future PALM versions (beyond 3.0)!<br>
	3391
	3392
[354]	3393
	3394
[108]	3395	</td>
	3396
	3397
[354]	3398
	3399
[108]	3400	</tr>
	3401
	3402
[354]	3403
	3404
[108]	3405	<tr>
	3406
	3407
	3408
[354]	3409
	3410
[108]	3411	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	3412
	3413
[354]	3414
	3415
[108]	3416	<p><a name="data_output_pr"></a><b>data_output_pr</b></p>
	3417
	3418
	3419
[354]	3420
	3421
[108]	3422	</td>
	3423
	3424
[354]	3425
	3426
[108]	3427	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C *
[48]	3428	10  <br>
[108]	3429
	3430
	3431
[354]	3432
	3433
[108]	3434	(100)</td>
	3435
	3436
[354]	3437
	3438
[108]	3439	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100
	3440	* ' '</i></td>
	3441
	3442
[354]	3443
	3444
[108]	3445	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	3446
	3447
[354]	3448
	3449
[108]	3450	<p>Quantities for which vertical profiles (horizontally averaged)
	3451	are to be output.  </p>
	3452
	3453
[354]	3454
	3455
[108]	3456
	3457
	3458
[354]	3459
	3460
[108]	3461	<p>By default vertical
[48]	3462	profile data is output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>.
	3463	The file's format is NetCDF.  Further details about processing
[108]	3464	NetCDF data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>
	3465
	3466
[354]	3467
	3468
[108]	3469
	3470
[354]	3471
	3472
[108]	3473	<p>For
[48]	3474	historical reasons, data can also be output in ASCII-format on local
	3475	file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
	3476	which is readable by the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>. See
	3477	parameter <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	3478	for defining the format in which data shall be output.<br>
	3479
	3480
[354]	3481
	3482
[108]	3483	</p>
	3484
	3485
	3486
[354]	3487
	3488
[108]	3489
	3490
[354]	3491
	3492
[108]	3493	<p>For horizontally averaged vertical
[48]	3494	profiles always <span style="font-weight: bold;">all</span>
	3495	vertical
[5]	3496	grid points (0 <= k <= nz+1) are output to file. Vertical
	3497	profile data refers to the total domain but profiles for subdomains can
	3498	also be output (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).
[108]	3499	</p>
	3500
	3501
[354]	3502
	3503
[108]	3504
	3505
	3506
[354]	3507
	3508
[108]	3509	<p>The temporal interval of the output times of
[48]	3510	profiles is
[5]	3511	assigned via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>.
[48]	3512	Within the file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>,
	3513	the profiles are ordered with respect to their
[108]	3514	output times.</p>
	3515
	3516
[354]	3517
	3518
[108]	3519
	3520
[354]	3521
	3522
[108]	3523	<p>Profiles can also be temporally
[127]	3524	averaged (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>).<br>
[108]	3525
	3526
	3527
[354]	3528
	3529
[108]	3530	</p>
	3531
	3532
[354]	3533
	3534
[108]	3535
	3536
	3537
[354]	3538
	3539
[108]	3540	<p>The following list shows the values which can be
[48]	3541	assigned to <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_pr</span>.
[5]	3542	The profile data is either defined on
[48]	3543	u-v-levels (variables marked in <font color="#ff6600">red</font>)
	3544	or
	3545	on w-levels (<font color="#33ff33">green</font>).
	3546	According to this,
[5]	3547	the
	3548	z-coordinates of the individual profiles vary. Beyond that, with a
	3549	Prandtl layer switched on (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>)
	3550	the lowest output
[48]	3551	level is z = zu(1) instead of z = zw(0) for profiles <i>w''
	3552	u'',w''v"</i>, <i>wu</i> and <i>wv</i>
[127]	3553	. Turbulence quantities such as <span style="font-style: italic;">wu  </span>or <span style="font-style: italic;">u*2</span> are calculated from turbulent fluctuations that are defined as deviations from the instantaneous horizontal average.
[108]	3554
	3555
	3556	</p>
	3557
	3558
[354]	3559
	3560
[108]	3561
	3562
	3563
[354]	3564
	3565
[108]	3566	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	3567
	3568
[354]	3569
	3570
[108]	3571	<tbody>
	3572
	3573
[354]	3574
	3575
[108]	3576	<tr>
	3577
	3578
[354]	3579
	3580
[108]	3581	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>u</i></font></td>
	3582
	3583
	3584
[354]	3585
	3586
[108]	3587	<td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
	3588	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	3589
	3590
[354]	3591
	3592
[108]	3593	</tr>
	3594
	3595
[354]	3596
	3597
[108]	3598	<tr>
	3599
	3600
[354]	3601
	3602
[108]	3603	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>v</i></font></td>
	3604
	3605
	3606
[354]	3607
	3608
[108]	3609	<td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
	3610	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	3611
	3612
[354]	3613
	3614
[108]	3615	</tr>
	3616
	3617
[354]	3618
	3619
[108]	3620	<tr>
	3621
	3622
[354]	3623
	3624
[108]	3625	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w</i></font></td>
	3626
	3627
	3628
[354]	3629
	3630
[108]	3631	<td style="vertical-align: top;">w-component of the
	3632	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	3633
	3634
[354]	3635
	3636
[108]	3637	</tr>
	3638
	3639
[354]	3640
	3641
[108]	3642	<tr>
	3643
	3644
[354]	3645
	3646
[108]	3647	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>pt</i></font></td>
	3648
	3649
	3650
[354]	3651
	3652
[108]	3653	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature (in
	3654	K).</td>
	3655
	3656
[354]	3657
	3658
[108]	3659	</tr>
	3660
	3661
[354]	3662
	3663
[108]	3664	<tr>
	3665
	3666
[354]	3667
	3668
[108]	3669	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>vpt</i></font></td>
	3670
	3671
	3672
[354]	3673
	3674
[108]	3675	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Virtual potential
	3676	temperature (in K).</td>
	3677
	3678
[354]	3679
	3680
[108]	3681	</tr>
	3682
	3683
[354]	3684
	3685
[108]	3686	<tr>
	3687
	3688
[354]	3689
	3690
[108]	3691	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>lpt</i></font></td>
	3692
	3693
	3694
[354]	3695
	3696
[108]	3697	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential liquid water
	3698	temperature (in K).</td>
	3699
	3700
[354]	3701
	3702
[108]	3703	</tr>
	3704
	3705
[354]	3706
	3707
[108]	3708	<tr>
	3709
	3710
[354]	3711
	3712
[108]	3713	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>q</i></font></td>
	3714
	3715
	3716
[354]	3717
	3718
[108]	3719	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total water content
	3720	(in kg/kg).</td>
	3721
	3722
[354]	3723
	3724
[108]	3725	</tr>
	3726
	3727
[354]	3728
	3729
[108]	3730	<tr>
	3731
	3732
[354]	3733
	3734
[108]	3735	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>qv</i></font></td>
	3736
	3737
	3738
[354]	3739
	3740
[108]	3741	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Specific humidity (in
	3742	kg/kg).</td>
	3743
	3744
[354]	3745
	3746
[108]	3747	</tr>
	3748
	3749
[354]	3750
	3751
[108]	3752	<tr>
	3753
	3754
[354]	3755
	3756
[108]	3757	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>ql</i></font></td>
	3758
	3759
	3760
[354]	3761
	3762
[108]	3763	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Liquid water content
	3764	(in kg/kg).</td>
	3765
	3766
[354]	3767
	3768
[108]	3769	</tr>
	3770
	3771
[354]	3772
	3773
[108]	3774	<tr>
	3775
	3776
[354]	3777
	3778
[108]	3779	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">rho</span></td>
	3780
	3781
[354]	3782
	3783
[108]	3784	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Potential density (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</td>
	3785
	3786
[354]	3787
	3788
[108]	3789	</tr>
	3790
	3791
[354]	3792
	3793
[108]	3794	<tr>
	3795
	3796
[354]	3797
	3798
[108]	3799	<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic;"><font color="#ff6600">s</font></td>
	3800
	3801
	3802
[354]	3803
	3804
[108]	3805	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Scalar concentration (in
	3806	kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</td>
	3807
	3808
[354]	3809
	3810
[108]	3811	</tr>
	3812
	3813
[354]	3814
	3815
[108]	3816	<tr>
	3817
	3818
[354]	3819
	3820
[108]	3821	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">sa</span></td>
	3822
	3823
[354]	3824
	3825
[108]	3826	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Salinity (in psu).</td>
	3827
	3828
[354]	3829
	3830
[108]	3831	</tr>
	3832
	3833
[354]	3834
	3835
[108]	3836	<tr>
	3837
	3838
[354]	3839
	3840
[108]	3841	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>e</i></font></td>
	3842
	3843
	3844
[354]	3845
	3846
[108]	3847	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Turbulent kinetic energy
[5]	3848	(TKE, subgrid-scale) (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	3849
	3850
	3851
[354]	3852
	3853
[108]	3854	</tr>
	3855
	3856
[354]	3857
	3858
[108]	3859	<tr>
	3860
	3861
[354]	3862
	3863
[108]	3864	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>e*</i></font></td>
	3865
	3866
	3867
[354]	3868
	3869
[108]	3870	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Perturbation energy
[5]	3871	(resolved) (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	3872
	3873
	3874
[354]	3875
	3876
[108]	3877	</tr>
	3878
	3879
	3880
	3881
[354]	3882	<tr>
	3883
	3884	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">p</span></td>
	3885
	3886	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Perturbation pressure (in Pa)</td>
	3887
	3888	</tr>
	3889
	3890	<tr>
	3891
	3892
	3893
	3894
[108]	3895	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>km</i></font></td>
	3896
	3897
	3898
[354]	3899
	3900
[108]	3901	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Eddy diffusivity for
	3902	momentum (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
	3903
	3904
[354]	3905
	3906
[108]	3907	</tr>
	3908
	3909
[354]	3910
	3911
[108]	3912	<tr>
	3913
	3914
	3915
[354]	3916
	3917
[108]	3918	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>kh</i></font></td>
	3919
	3920
	3921
[354]	3922
	3923
[108]	3924	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Eddy diffusivity for heat
	3925	(in m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
	3926
	3927
[354]	3928
	3929
[108]	3930	</tr>
	3931
	3932
[354]	3933
	3934
[108]	3935	<tr>
	3936
	3937
[354]	3938
	3939
[108]	3940	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>l</i></font></td>
	3941
	3942
	3943
[354]	3944
	3945
[108]	3946	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length (in m).</td>
	3947
	3948
	3949
[354]	3950
	3951
[108]	3952	</tr>
	3953
	3954
[354]	3955
	3956
[108]	3957	<tr>
	3958
	3959
[354]	3960
	3961
[108]	3962	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"u"</i></font></td>
	3963
	3964
	3965
[354]	3966
	3967
[108]	3968	<td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
[5]	3969	subgrid-scale vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	3970
	3971
	3972
[354]	3973
	3974
[108]	3975	</tr>
	3976
	3977
[354]	3978
	3979
[108]	3980	<tr>
	3981
	3982
[354]	3983
	3984
[108]	3985	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wu</i></font></td>
	3986
	3987
	3988
[354]	3989
	3990
[108]	3991	<td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the
[5]	3992	resolved vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	3993
	3994
	3995
[354]	3996
	3997
[108]	3998	</tr>
	3999
	4000
[354]	4001
	4002
[108]	4003	<tr>
	4004
	4005
[354]	4006
	4007
[108]	4008	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wu</i></font></td>
	4009
	4010
	4011
[354]	4012
	4013
[108]	4014	<td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the total
[48]	4015	vertical momentum flux (<i>w"u"</i> + <i>wu</i>)
[108]	4016	(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
	4017
	4018
[354]	4019
	4020
[108]	4021	</tr>
	4022
	4023
	4024
[354]	4025
	4026
[108]	4027	<tr>
	4028
	4029
[354]	4030
	4031
[108]	4032	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"v"</i></font></td>
	4033
	4034
	4035
[354]	4036
	4037
[108]	4038	<td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
[5]	4039	subgrid-scale vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	4040
	4041
	4042
[354]	4043
	4044
[108]	4045	</tr>
	4046
	4047
[354]	4048
	4049
[108]	4050	<tr>
	4051
	4052
[354]	4053
	4054
[108]	4055	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wv</i></font></td>
	4056
	4057
	4058
[354]	4059
	4060
[108]	4061	<td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the
[5]	4062	resolved vertical momentum flux (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
[108]	4063
	4064
	4065
[354]	4066
	4067
[108]	4068	</tr>
	4069
	4070
[354]	4071
	4072
[108]	4073	<tr>
	4074
	4075
[354]	4076
	4077
[108]	4078	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wv</i></font></td>
	4079
	4080
	4081
[354]	4082
	4083
[108]	4084	<td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the total
[48]	4085	vertical momentum flux (<i>w"v"</i> + <i>wv</i>)
[108]	4086	(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
	4087
	4088
[354]	4089
	4090
[108]	4091	</tr>
	4092
	4093
	4094
[354]	4095
	4096
[108]	4097	<tr>
	4098
	4099
[354]	4100
	4101
[108]	4102	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"pt"</i></font></td>
	4103
	4104
	4105
[354]	4106
	4107
[108]	4108	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4109	sensible heat flux (in K m/s).</td>
	4110
	4111
[354]	4112
	4113
[108]	4114	</tr>
	4115
	4116
[354]	4117
	4118
[108]	4119	<tr>
	4120
	4121
[354]	4122
	4123
[108]	4124	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wpt</i></font></td>
	4125
	4126
	4127
[354]	4128
	4129
[108]	4130	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical
[48]	4131	sensible
[108]	4132	heat flux (in K m/s).</td>
	4133
	4134
[354]	4135
	4136
[108]	4137	</tr>
	4138
	4139
[354]	4140
	4141
[108]	4142	<tr>
	4143
	4144
[354]	4145
	4146
[108]	4147	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wpt</i></font></td>
	4148
	4149
	4150
[354]	4151
	4152
[108]	4153	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical sensible
[5]	4154	heat flux (<i>w"pt"</i> + <i>wpt</i>)
	4155	(in K
[108]	4156	m/s).</td>
	4157
	4158
[354]	4159
	4160
[108]	4161	</tr>
	4162
	4163
[354]	4164
	4165
[108]	4166	<tr>
	4167
	4168
[354]	4169
	4170
[108]	4171	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wptBC</i></font></td>
	4172
	4173
	4174
[354]	4175
	4176
[108]	4177	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
[5]	4178	sensible heat flux using the
[108]	4179	Bott-Chlond scheme (in K m/s).</td>
	4180
	4181
[354]	4182
	4183
[108]	4184	</tr>
	4185
	4186
[354]	4187
	4188
[108]	4189	<tr>
	4190
	4191
[354]	4192
	4193
[108]	4194	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wptBC</i></font></td>
	4195
	4196
	4197
[354]	4198
	4199
[108]	4200	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical sensible
[5]	4201	heat flux using the Bott-Chlond scheme
	4202	(<i>w"pt"</i>
[108]	4203	+ <i>wptBC</i>) (in K m/s).</td>
	4204
	4205
[354]	4206
	4207
[108]	4208	</tr>
	4209
	4210
[354]	4211
	4212
[108]	4213	<tr>
	4214
	4215
	4216
[354]	4217
	4218
[108]	4219	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"vpt"</i></font></td>
	4220
	4221
	4222
[354]	4223
	4224
[108]	4225	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4226	buoyancy flux (in K m/s).</td>
	4227
	4228
[354]	4229
	4230
[108]	4231	</tr>
	4232
	4233
[354]	4234
	4235
[108]	4236	<tr>
	4237
	4238
[354]	4239
	4240
[127]	4241	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wvpt</i></font></td>
[108]	4242
	4243
	4244
[354]	4245
	4246
[108]	4247	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical
[48]	4248	buoyancy
[108]	4249	flux (in K m/s).</td>
	4250
	4251
[354]	4252
	4253
[108]	4254	</tr>
	4255
	4256
[354]	4257
	4258
[108]	4259	<tr>
	4260
	4261
[354]	4262
	4263
[108]	4264	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wvpt</i></font></td>
	4265
	4266
	4267
[354]	4268
	4269
[108]	4270	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical buoyancy
	4271	flux (w"vpt" + wvpt) (in K m/s).</td>
	4272
	4273
[354]	4274
	4275
[108]	4276	</tr>
	4277
	4278
[354]	4279
	4280
[108]	4281	<tr>
	4282
	4283
[354]	4284
	4285
[108]	4286	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"q"</i></font></td>
	4287
	4288
	4289
[354]	4290
	4291
[108]	4292	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4293	water flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4294
	4295
[354]	4296
	4297
[108]	4298	</tr>
	4299
	4300
[354]	4301
	4302
[108]	4303	<tr>
	4304
	4305
[354]	4306
	4307
[108]	4308	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wq</i></font></td>
	4309
	4310
	4311
[354]	4312
	4313
[108]	4314	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical water
	4315	flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4316
	4317
[354]	4318
	4319
[108]	4320	</tr>
	4321
	4322
[354]	4323
	4324
[108]	4325	<tr>
	4326
	4327
[354]	4328
	4329
[108]	4330	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wq</i></font></td>
	4331
	4332
	4333
[354]	4334
	4335
[108]	4336	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical water flux
	4337	(w"q" + wq) (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4338
	4339
[354]	4340
	4341
[108]	4342	</tr>
	4343
	4344
[354]	4345
	4346
[108]	4347	<tr>
	4348
	4349
[354]	4350
	4351
[108]	4352	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"qv"</i></font></td>
	4353
	4354
	4355
[354]	4356
	4357
[108]	4358	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4359	latent heat flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4360
	4361
[354]	4362
	4363
[108]	4364	</tr>
	4365
	4366
[354]	4367
	4368
[108]	4369	<tr>
	4370
	4371
[354]	4372
	4373
[108]	4374	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wqv</i></font></td>
	4375
	4376
	4377
[354]	4378
	4379
[108]	4380	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical latent
	4381	heat flux (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4382
	4383
[354]	4384
	4385
[108]	4386	</tr>
	4387
	4388
[354]	4389
	4390
[108]	4391	<tr>
	4392
	4393
[354]	4394
	4395
[108]	4396	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wqv</i></font></td>
	4397
	4398
	4399
[354]	4400
	4401
[108]	4402	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical latent
[48]	4403	heat
[108]	4404	flux (w"qv" + wqv) (in kg/kg m/s).</td>
	4405
	4406
[354]	4407
	4408
[108]	4409	</tr>
	4410
	4411
[354]	4412
	4413
[108]	4414	<tr>
	4415
	4416
	4417
[354]	4418
	4419
[108]	4420	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w"s"</i></font></td>
	4421
	4422
	4423
[354]	4424
	4425
[108]	4426	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale vertical
[5]	4427	scalar concentration flux (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>m/s).</td>
[108]	4428
	4429
	4430
[354]	4431
	4432
[108]	4433	</tr>
	4434
	4435
[354]	4436
	4437
[108]	4438	<tr>
	4439
	4440
[354]	4441
	4442
[108]	4443	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>ws</i></font></td>
	4444
	4445
	4446
[354]	4447
	4448
[108]	4449	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved vertical scalar
	4450	concentration flux (in kg/m<sup>3</sup> m/s).</td>
	4451
	4452
[354]	4453
	4454
[108]	4455	</tr>
	4456
	4457
	4458
[354]	4459
	4460
[108]	4461	<tr>
	4462
	4463
[354]	4464
	4465
[108]	4466	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>ws</i></font></td>
	4467
	4468
	4469
[354]	4470
	4471
[108]	4472	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total vertical scalar
[5]	4473	concentration flux (w"s" + ws) (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>m/s).</td>
[108]	4474
	4475
	4476
[354]	4477
	4478
[108]	4479	</tr>
	4480
	4481
[354]	4482
	4483
[108]	4484	<tr>
	4485
	4486
[354]	4487
	4488
[108]	4489	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">w"sa"</span></td>
	4490
	4491
[354]	4492
	4493
[108]	4494	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale vertical
	4495	salinity flux (in psu<sup> </sup>m/s).</td>
	4496
	4497
[354]	4498
	4499
[108]	4500	</tr>
	4501
	4502
[354]	4503
	4504
[108]	4505	<tr>
	4506
	4507
[354]	4508
	4509
[108]	4510	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">wsa</span></td>
	4511
	4512
[354]	4513
	4514
[108]	4515	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Resolved vertical salinity flux (in psu m/s).</td>
	4516
	4517
[354]	4518
	4519
[108]	4520	</tr>
	4521
	4522
[354]	4523
	4524
[108]	4525	<tr>
	4526
	4527
[354]	4528
	4529
[108]	4530	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">wsa</span></td>
	4531
	4532
[354]	4533
	4534
[108]	4535	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Total vertical salinity flux (w"sa" + wsa) (in psu<sup> </sup>m/s).</td>
	4536
	4537
[354]	4538
	4539
[108]	4540	</tr>
	4541
	4542
[354]	4543
	4544
[108]	4545	<tr>
	4546
	4547
[354]	4548
	4549
[108]	4550	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>we</i></font></td>
	4551
	4552
	4553
[354]	4554
	4555
[108]	4556	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Vertical flux of
	4557	perturbation energy (resolved)</td>
	4558
	4559
[354]	4560
	4561
[108]	4562	</tr>
	4563
	4564
[354]	4565
	4566
[108]	4567	<tr>
	4568
	4569
[354]	4570
	4571
[108]	4572	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>u*2</i></font></td>
	4573
	4574
	4575
[354]	4576
	4577
[108]	4578	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the
[48]	4579	u-velocity
[108]	4580	component (resolved)</td>
	4581
	4582
[354]	4583
	4584
[108]	4585	</tr>
	4586
	4587
[354]	4588
	4589
[108]	4590	<tr>
	4591
	4592
[354]	4593
	4594
[108]	4595	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>v*2</i></font></td>
	4596
	4597
	4598
[354]	4599
	4600
[108]	4601	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the
[48]	4602	v-velocity
[108]	4603	component (resolved)</td>
	4604
	4605
[354]	4606
	4607
[108]	4608	</tr>
	4609
	4610
[354]	4611
	4612
[108]	4613	<tr>
	4614
	4615
[354]	4616
	4617
[108]	4618	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*2</i></font></td>
	4619
	4620
	4621
[354]	4622
	4623
[127]	4624	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the w-velocity
	4625	component (resolved)</td>
[108]	4626
	4627
[354]	4628
	4629
[108]	4630	</tr>
	4631
	4632
[354]	4633
	4634
[108]	4635	<tr>
	4636
	4637
[354]	4638
	4639
[108]	4640	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6600"><i>pt*2</i></font></td>
	4641
	4642
	4643
[354]	4644
	4645
[108]	4646	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Variance of the potential
	4647	temperature (resolved)</td>
	4648
	4649
[354]	4650
	4651
[108]	4652	</tr>
	4653
	4654
[354]	4655
	4656
[108]	4657	<tr>
	4658
	4659
[354]	4660
	4661
[108]	4662	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w*3</i></font></td>
	4663
	4664
	4665
[354]	4666
	4667
[108]	4668	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment of the
	4669	w-velocity component (resolved)</td>
	4670
	4671
[354]	4672
	4673
[108]	4674	</tr>
	4675
	4676
[354]	4677
	4678
[108]	4679	<tr>
	4680
	4681
[354]	4682
	4683
[108]	4684	<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>Sw</i></font></td>
	4685
	4686
	4687
[354]	4688
	4689
[108]	4690	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Skewness of the
[48]	4691	w-velocity
[5]	4692	component (resolved, S<sub>w</sub>
	4693	= W<sup>3</sup>/(w<sup>2</sup>)<sup>1.5</sup>)</td>
[108]	4694
	4695
	4696
[354]	4697
	4698
[108]	4699	</tr>
	4700
	4701
[354]	4702
	4703
[108]	4704	<tr>
	4705
	4706
[354]	4707
	4708
[108]	4709	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>w2pt</i></font></td>
	4710
	4711
	4712
[354]	4713
	4714
[108]	4715	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment (resolved)</td>
	4716
	4717
	4718
[354]	4719
	4720
[108]	4721	</tr>
	4722
	4723
[354]	4724
	4725
[108]	4726	<tr>
	4727
	4728
[354]	4729
	4730
[108]	4731	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#33ff33"><i>wpt2</i></font></td>
	4732
	4733
	4734
[354]	4735
	4736
[108]	4737	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Third moment (resolved)</td>
	4738
	4739
	4740
[354]	4741
	4742
[108]	4743	</tr>
	4744
	4745
[354]	4746
	4747
[108]	4748	<tr>
	4749
	4750
[354]	4751
	4752
[524]	4753	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>wuu*:dz</i></font></td>
[108]	4754
	4755
	4756
[354]	4757
	4758
[108]	4759	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
[48]	4760	shear
[108]	4761	(resolved)</td>
	4762
	4763
[354]	4764
	4765
[108]	4766	</tr>
	4767
	4768
[354]	4769
	4770
[108]	4771	<tr>
	4772
	4773
[354]	4774
	4775
[524]	4776	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>wp:dz</i></font></td>
[108]	4777
	4778
	4779
[354]	4780
	4781
[108]	4782	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
[5]	4783	turbulent transport of pressure
[108]	4784	fluctuations (resolved)</td>
	4785
	4786
[354]	4787
	4788
[108]	4789	</tr>
	4790
	4791
[354]	4792
	4793
[108]	4794	<tr>
	4795
	4796
[354]	4797
	4798
[524]	4799	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>w"e:dz</i></font></td>
[108]	4800
	4801
	4802
[354]	4803
	4804
[108]	4805	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Energy production by
	4806	transport of resolved-scale TKE</td>
	4807
	4808
[354]	4809
	4810
[531]	4811	</tr><tr>
	4812	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#ff6666"><i>hyp</i></font></td>
	4813	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Hydrostatic pressure (in dbar)<br>
	4814	</td>
	4815	</tr>
[108]	4816
	4817
[354]	4818
	4819
[531]	4820
[108]	4821
	4822
	4823
[354]	4824
	4825
[108]	4826	</tbody>
	4827
	4828
[354]	4829
	4830
[108]	4831	</table>
	4832
	4833
[354]	4834
	4835
[108]	4836	<br>
	4837
	4838
[354]	4839
	4840
[108]	4841	Beyond that, initial profiles (t=0) of some
	4842	variables can additionally be
[5]	4843	output (this output is only done once
	4844	with the first plot output and not repeated with the profile output at
	4845	later
	4846	times). The names of these profiles result from the ones specified
[108]	4847	above leaded by a hash "#".  Allowed values are:<br>
	4848
	4849
[354]	4850
	4851
[108]	4852
	4853
	4854
[354]	4855
	4856
[108]	4857	<ul>
	4858
	4859
	4860
[354]	4861
	4862
[108]	4863
	4864
[354]	4865
	4866
[108]	4867	<p><i>#u</i>, <i>#v</i>, <i>#pt</i>,
	4868	<i>#km</i>, <i>#kh</i>, <i>#l, #lpt, #q, #qv, #s, #sa, #vpt</i></p>
	4869
	4870
	4871
[354]	4872
	4873
[108]	4874
	4875
[354]	4876
	4877
[108]	4878	</ul>
	4879
	4880
[354]	4881
	4882
[108]	4883
	4884
	4885
[354]	4886
	4887
[108]	4888	<p>Profile names preceded by a hash automatically imply that
	4889	profiles for these variables are also output at later times. It is not
	4890	necessary and not allowed to specify the same profile name with and
	4891	without hash simultaneously(this would lead to an NetCDF error). </p>
[354]	4892
	4893
	4894
	4895
[108]	4896	<p>These initial profiles have been either set by
[48]	4897	the user or
[108]	4898	have been calculated by a 1d-model prerun.</p>
	4899
	4900
[354]	4901
	4902
[108]	4903	The
[89]	4904	user is allowed to extend the above list of quantities by defining his
[108]	4905	own output quantities (see the user-parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_pr_user">data_output_pr_user</a>).<br>
	4906
	4907
[354]	4908
	4909
[108]	4910	<br>
	4911
	4912
[354]	4913
	4914
[108]	4915	In case
[48]	4916	of ASCII data output to local file PLOT1D_DATA,
[5]	4917	PALM additionally creates a NAMELIST parameter file (local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>)
	4918	which can be used as parameter input file for the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_intro.html">profil</a>.
	4919	Profiles can be directly plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
	4920	using these two files. The
	4921	plot layout is
[48]	4922	steered via the parameter input file. The values of these <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>-parameters
	4923	are determined by
[5]	4924	a set of PALM parameters (<a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>,
[108]	4925	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>,
	4926	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#z_max_do1d">z_max_do1d</a>,
	4927	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>,
[5]	4928	etc.) All parameter values can be changed by editing the parameter
	4929	input
[108]	4930	file. <br>
	4931
	4932
[354]	4933
	4934
[108]	4935	<br>
	4936
	4937
[354]	4938
	4939
[108]	4940	Further details about plotting vertical
[48]	4941	profiles with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil </span>can
	4942	be found in <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">chapter
[108]	4943	4.5.2</a></td>
	4944
	4945
[354]	4946
	4947
[108]	4948	</tr>
	4949
	4950
[354]	4951
	4952
[108]	4953	<tr>
	4954
	4955
[354]	4956
	4957
[108]	4958	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	4959
	4960
[354]	4961
	4962
[108]	4963	<p><a name="data_output_2d_on_each_pe"></a><b>data_output_2d_on</b>
	4964	<br>
	4965
	4966
[354]	4967
	4968
[108]	4969	<b>_each_pe</b></p>
	4970
	4971
[354]	4972
	4973
[108]	4974	</td>
	4975
	4976
[354]	4977
	4978
[108]	4979	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	4980
	4981
[354]	4982
	4983
[108]	4984	</td>
	4985
	4986
[354]	4987
	4988
[108]	4989	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span><br>
	4990
	4991
[354]	4992
	4993
[108]	4994	</td>
	4995
	4996
	4997
[354]	4998
	4999
[108]	5000	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Output 2d cross section
[48]	5001	data by one or
[108]	5002	all processors.
	5003
	5004
[354]	5005
	5006
[108]	5007	<p>In runs with several processors, by
[48]	5008	default, each processor
	5009	outputs cross section data of its subdomain into an individual
	5010	file. After PALM
	5011	has finished, the contents of these files have to be sampled into one
	5012	file<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> using
[5]	5013	the program <tt>combine_plot_fields.x</tt>.  </p>
[108]	5014
	5015
	5016
[354]	5017
	5018
[108]	5019
	5020
[354]	5021
	5022
[108]	5023	<p>Alternatively, by assigning <b>data_output_2d_on_each_pe</b>
[48]	5024	= <i>.F.,</i>
[5]	5025	the respective data is gathered on PE0 and output is done directly
[48]	5026	into one file, so <tt>combine_plot_fields.x</tt> does not
	5027	have to be
	5028	called. However, in case of very large numbers of horizontal
	5029	gridpoints, sufficient
[108]	5030	memory is required on PE0. </p>
	5031
	5032
[354]	5033
	5034
[108]	5035	</td>
	5036
	5037
[354]	5038
	5039
[108]	5040	</tr>
	5041
	5042
	5043
[354]	5044
	5045
[108]	5046	<tr>
	5047
	5048
[354]	5049
	5050
[108]	5051	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5052
	5053
[354]	5054
	5055
[108]	5056	<p><a name="disturbance_amplitude"></a><b>disturbance<br>
	5057
	5058
	5059
[354]	5060
	5061
[108]	5062	_amplitude</b></p>
	5063
	5064
[354]	5065
	5066
[108]	5067	</td>
	5068
	5069
[354]	5070
	5071
[108]	5072	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5073
	5074
[354]	5075
	5076
[108]	5077	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.25</i></td>
	5078
	5079
	5080
[354]	5081
	5082
[108]	5083	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5084
	5085
[354]	5086
	5087
[108]	5088	<p>Maximum
[48]	5089	perturbation amplitude of the random perturbations
[5]	5090	imposed to the horizontal velocity field (in m/s).  </p>
[108]	5091
	5092
	5093
[354]	5094
	5095
[108]	5096
	5097
[354]	5098
	5099
[108]	5100	<p>The parameter <a href="#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>
[5]	5101	describes how to impose random perturbations to the horizontal velocity
	5102	field. Since the perturbation procedure includes two filter operations,
[48]	5103	the amplitude assigned by <b>disturbance_amplitude</b> is
	5104	only an
[108]	5105	approximate value of the real magnitude of the perturbation.</p>
	5106
	5107
[354]	5108
	5109
[108]	5110	</td>
	5111
	5112
	5113
[354]	5114
	5115
[108]	5116	</tr>
	5117
	5118
[354]	5119
	5120
[108]	5121	<tr>
	5122
	5123
[354]	5124
	5125
[108]	5126	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5127
	5128
[354]	5129
	5130
[108]	5131	<p><a name="disturbance_energy_limit"></a><b>disturbance_energy</b>
	5132	<br>
	5133
	5134
[354]	5135
	5136
[108]	5137	<b>_limit</b></p>
	5138
	5139
[354]	5140
	5141
[108]	5142	</td>
	5143
	5144
[354]	5145
	5146
[108]	5147	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5148
	5149
[354]	5150
	5151
[108]	5152	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.01</i></td>
	5153
	5154
	5155
[354]	5156
	5157
[240]	5158	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5159
	5160
[354]	5161
	5162
[108]	5163	<p lang="en-GB">Upper
[48]	5164	limit value of the perturbation energy of
[5]	5165	the velocity field used as a criterion for imposing random
[48]	5166	perturbations (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).
[108]	5167	</p>
	5168
	5169
[354]	5170
	5171
[108]	5172
	5173
	5174
[354]	5175
	5176
[240]	5177	<p><span lang="en-GB">The parameter </span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB">create_disturbances</span></a><span lang="en-GB">
[48]	5178	describes how to impose
[5]	5179	random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field. The perturbation
	5180	energy is defined as the volume average (over the total model domain)
	5181	of the squares of the deviations of the velocity components from the
	5182	mean flow (horizontal average). If the perturbation energy exceeds the
	5183	assigned value, random perturbations to the fields of horizontal
	5184	velocities are imposed no more. The value of this parameter usually
	5185	must be determined by trial and error (it depends e.g. on the total
[240]	5186	number of grid points).</span> </p>
[108]	5187
	5188
[354]	5189
	5190
[108]	5191	</td>
	5192
	5193
	5194
[354]	5195
	5196
[108]	5197	</tr>
	5198
	5199
[354]	5200
	5201
[108]	5202	<tr>
	5203
	5204
[354]	5205
	5206
[108]	5207	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5208
	5209
[354]	5210
	5211
[108]	5212	<p><a name="disturbance_level_b"></a><b>disturbance_level_b</b></p>
	5213
	5214
	5215
[354]	5216
	5217
[108]	5218	</td>
	5219
	5220
[354]	5221
	5222
[108]	5223	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5224
	5225
	5226
[354]	5227
	5228
[108]	5229	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(3) or<br>
	5230
	5231
[354]	5232
	5233
[108]	5234	zu(nz*2/3)<br>
	5235
	5236
[354]	5237
	5238
[108]	5239	see right</i></td>
	5240
	5241
	5242
[354]	5243
	5244
[240]	5245	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5246
	5247
[354]	5248
	5249
[240]	5250	<p lang="en-GB"><font size="3">Lower
[5]	5251	limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be
[240]	5252	imposed on the horizontal wind field (</font>in <font size="3">m).
	5253	</font> </p>
[108]	5254
	5255
[354]	5256
	5257
[108]	5258
	5259
	5260
[354]	5261
	5262
[240]	5263	<p><span lang="en-GB">This
[97]	5264	parameter must hold the condition zu(3) <= <b>disturbance_level_b</b>
[240]	5265	<= zu(</span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB">nz-2</span></a><span lang="en-GB">)</span><span lang="en-GB">. Additionally, <b>disturbance_level_b</b>
	5266	<= </span><a href="#disturbance_level_t"><span lang="en-GB">disturbance_level_t</span></a>
	5267	<span lang="en-GB">must
	5268	also hold.</span></p>
[108]	5269
	5270
[354]	5271
	5272
[108]	5273
	5274
[354]	5275
	5276
[240]	5277	<p><span lang="en-GB">In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>) </span><span lang="en-GB">the default value is <span style="font-weight: bold;">disturbance_level_b</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz * 2 / 3) </span>(negative).</span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></p>
[108]	5278
	5279
[354]	5280
	5281
[108]	5282
	5283
	5284
[354]	5285
	5286
[240]	5287	<p><span lang="en-GB">The
	5288	parameter </span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB">create_disturbances</span></a><span lang="en-GB">
[48]	5289	describes how to impose
[240]	5290	random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
	5291	</p>
[108]	5292
	5293
[354]	5294
	5295
[108]	5296	</td>
	5297
	5298
[354]	5299
	5300
[108]	5301	</tr>
	5302
	5303
[354]	5304
	5305
[108]	5306	<tr>
	5307
	5308
[354]	5309
	5310
[108]	5311	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5312
	5313
[354]	5314
	5315
[108]	5316	<p><a name="disturbance_level_t"></a><b>disturbance_level_t</b></p>
	5317
	5318
	5319
[354]	5320
	5321
[108]	5322	</td>
	5323
	5324
[354]	5325
	5326
[108]	5327	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5328
	5329
	5330
[354]	5331
	5332
[108]	5333	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(nz/3) or<br>
	5334
	5335
[354]	5336
	5337
[108]	5338	zu(nzt-3)<br>
	5339
	5340
[354]	5341
	5342
[108]	5343	see right</i></td>
	5344
	5345
	5346
[354]	5347
	5348
[240]	5349	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5350
	5351
[354]	5352
	5353
[240]	5354	<p lang="en-GB"><font size="3">Upper
[5]	5355	limit of the vertical range for which random perturbations are to be
[240]	5356	imposed on the horizontal wind field (</font>in <font size="3">m).
	5357	</font> </p>
[108]	5358
	5359
[354]	5360
	5361
[108]	5362
	5363
	5364
[354]	5365
	5366
[240]	5367	<p><span lang="en-GB">This
[48]	5368	parameter must hold the condition <b>disturbance_level_t</b>
[240]	5369	<= zu<i>(</i></span><i><a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz"><span lang="en-GB">nz-2</span></a><span lang="en-GB">)</span></i><span lang="en-GB">.
	5370	Additionally, </span><a href="#disturbance_level_b"><span lang="en-GB">disturbance_level_b</span></a>
	5371	<span lang="en-GB"><=
[108]	5372	<b>disturbance_level_t</b>
[240]	5373	must also hold.</span></p>
[108]	5374
	5375
[354]	5376
	5377
[240]	5378	<span lang="en-GB">In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>) </span><span lang="en-GB">the default value is <span style="font-weight: bold;">disturbance_level_t</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nzt - 3</span>)</span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>(negative)</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
[108]	5379
	5380
[354]	5381
	5382
[240]	5383	<p><span lang="en-GB">The
	5384	parameter </span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB">create_disturbances</span></a><span lang="en-GB">
[48]	5385	describes how to impose
[240]	5386	random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
	5387	</p>
[108]	5388
	5389
[354]	5390
	5391
[108]	5392	</td>
	5393
	5394
[354]	5395
	5396
[108]	5397	</tr>
	5398
	5399
[354]	5400
	5401
[108]	5402	<tr>
	5403
	5404
[354]	5405
	5406
[108]	5407	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5408
	5409
[354]	5410
	5411
[108]	5412	<p><a name="do2d_at_begin"></a><b>do2d_at_begin</b></p>
	5413
	5414
	5415
[354]	5416
	5417
[108]	5418	</td>
	5419
	5420
[354]	5421
	5422
[108]	5423	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	5424
	5425
[354]	5426
	5427
[108]	5428	</td>
	5429
	5430
	5431
[354]	5432
	5433
[240]	5434	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.<br>
[108]	5435
	5436
[354]	5437
	5438
[108]	5439	</td>
	5440
	5441
	5442
[354]	5443
	5444
[108]	5445	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5446
	5447
[354]	5448
	5449
[108]	5450	<p>Output of 2d
	5451	cross section data at the beginning of a run.  </p>
	5452
	5453
[354]	5454
	5455
[108]	5456
	5457
	5458
[354]	5459
	5460
[108]	5461	<p>The
[48]	5462	temporal intervals of output times of 2d cross section data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
	5463	are usually determined with parameters <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>
[5]	5464	and <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>.
[48]	5465	By assigning <b>do2d_at_begin</b> = <i>.T.</i>
	5466	an additional output
[5]	5467	will be made at the
	5468	beginning of a run (thus at the time t = 0 or at the respective
[108]	5469	starting times of restart runs).</p>
	5470
	5471
[354]	5472
	5473
[108]	5474	</td>
	5475
	5476
[354]	5477
	5478
[108]	5479	</tr>
	5480
	5481
[354]	5482
	5483
[108]	5484	<tr>
	5485
	5486
	5487
[354]	5488
	5489
[108]	5490	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5491
	5492
[354]	5493
	5494
[108]	5495	<p><a name="do3d_at_begin"></a><b>do3d_at_begin</b></p>
	5496
	5497
	5498
[354]	5499
	5500
[108]	5501	</td>
	5502
	5503
[354]	5504
	5505
[108]	5506	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	5507
	5508
[354]	5509
	5510
[108]	5511	</td>
	5512
	5513
	5514
[354]	5515
	5516
[240]	5517	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.<br>
[108]	5518
	5519
[354]	5520
	5521
[108]	5522	</td>
	5523
	5524
	5525
[354]	5526
	5527
[108]	5528	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Output of 3d volume data
[48]	5529	at the beginning
[108]	5530	of a run.<br>
	5531
	5532
[354]	5533
	5534
[108]	5535	<br>
	5536
	5537
[354]	5538
	5539
[108]	5540	The temporal intervals of output times of
[48]	5541	3d volume data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
[5]	5542	is usually determined with parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>.
[48]	5543	By assigning <b>do3d_at_begin</b> = <i>.T.</i>
	5544	an additional output
[5]	5545	will be made at the
	5546	beginning of a run (thus at the time t = 0 or at the respective
[108]	5547	starting times of restart runs).</td>
	5548
	5549
[354]	5550
	5551
[108]	5552	</tr>
	5553
	5554
[354]	5555
	5556
[108]	5557	<tr>
	5558
	5559
[354]	5560
	5561
[108]	5562	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5563
	5564
[354]	5565
	5566
[108]	5567	<p><a name="do3d_compress"></a><b>do3d_compress</b></p>
	5568
	5569
	5570
[354]	5571
	5572
[108]	5573	</td>
	5574
	5575
[354]	5576
	5577
[108]	5578	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	5579
	5580
[354]	5581
	5582
[108]	5583	</td>
	5584
	5585
	5586
[354]	5587
	5588
[240]	5589	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.<br>
[108]	5590
	5591
[354]	5592
	5593
[108]	5594	</td>
	5595
	5596
	5597
[354]	5598
	5599
[108]	5600	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5601
	5602
[354]	5603
	5604
[108]	5605	<p>Output of data
	5606	for 3d plots in compressed form.  </p>
	5607
	5608
[354]	5609
	5610
[108]	5611
	5612
	5613
[354]	5614
	5615
[108]	5616	<p>This
[48]	5617	parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	5618	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>.</p>
	5619
	5620
[354]	5621
	5622
[108]	5623
	5624
[354]	5625
	5626
[108]	5627	<p>Output
[48]	5628	of 3d volume data may need huge amounts of disc storage
[5]	5629	(up to several Terabytes ore more). Data compression can serve to
	5630	reduce this requirement. PALM is able to output 3d data in compressed
	5631	form using 32-bit integers, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_compress</span>
[48]	5632	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> is
	5633	assigned. This
[5]	5634	yields a loss of accuracy, but the file size is clearly reduced. The
[197]	5635	parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_comp_prec">do3d_comp_prec</a>
[5]	5636	can be used to separately define the number of significant digits for
[108]	5637	each quantity.<br>
	5638
	5639
[354]	5640
	5641
[108]	5642	</p>
	5643
	5644
[354]	5645
	5646
[108]	5647
	5648
	5649
[354]	5650
	5651
[108]	5652	<p>So far compressed data
[48]	5653	output is only possible for Cray-T3E
[5]	5654	machines. Additional information for
	5655	handling compressed data is given in <a href="chapter_4.5.6.html">chapter
[108]	5656	4.5.6</a>.</p>
	5657
	5658
[354]	5659
	5660
[108]	5661	</td>
	5662
	5663
[354]	5664
	5665
[108]	5666	</tr>
	5667
	5668
[354]	5669
	5670
[108]	5671	<tr>
	5672
	5673
[354]	5674
	5675
[108]	5676	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5677
	5678
[354]	5679
	5680
[197]	5681	<p><a name="do3d_comp_prec"></a><b>do3d_comp_prec</b></p>
[108]	5682
	5683
	5684
[354]	5685
	5686
[108]	5687	</td>
	5688
	5689
[354]	5690
	5691
[108]	5692	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C *
[48]	5693	7  <br>
[108]	5694
	5695
	5696
[354]	5697
	5698
[108]	5699	(100)</td>
	5700
	5701
[354]	5702
	5703
[240]	5704	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">see
[108]	5705	right<br>
	5706
	5707
[354]	5708
	5709
[108]	5710	</td>
	5711
	5712
[354]	5713
	5714
[108]	5715	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5716
	5717
[354]	5718
	5719
[108]	5720	<p>Significant digits in case of compressed data
	5721	output.  </p>
	5722
	5723
[354]	5724
	5725
[108]	5726
	5727
	5728
[354]	5729
	5730
[108]	5731	<p>This parameter only applies for
[48]	5732	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	5733	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'avs'</span>.</p>
	5734
	5735
[354]	5736
	5737
[108]	5738
	5739
[354]	5740
	5741
[108]	5742	<p>In
[48]	5743	case that data compression is used for output of 3d data
[5]	5744	(see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_compress">do3d_compress</a>),
	5745	this parameter determines the number of significant digits
[108]	5746	which are to be output.<br>
	5747
	5748
[354]	5749
	5750
[108]	5751	</p>
	5752
	5753
[354]	5754
	5755
[108]	5756
	5757
	5758
[354]	5759
	5760
[108]	5761	<p>Fewer digits
[48]	5762	clearly reduce the amount
[5]	5763	of data. Assignments have to be given separately for each individual
[48]	5764	quantity via a character string of the form <span style="font-style: italic;">'<quantity
	5765	name><number of
[5]	5766	significant digits>'</span>, e.g. <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt2'</span>.
	5767	Only those quantities listed in <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>
	5768	are admitted. Up to 9 significant digits are allowed (but large values
	5769	are not very reasonable
[108]	5770	because they do not effect a significant compression).<br>
	5771
	5772
[354]	5773
	5774
[108]	5775	</p>
	5776
	5777
	5778
[354]	5779
	5780
[108]	5781
	5782
[354]	5783
	5784
[197]	5785	<p>The default assignment is <span style="font-weight: bold;">do3d_comp_prec</span>
[108]	5786	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'u2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w2'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'p5'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt2'</span>.</p>
	5787
	5788
[354]	5789
	5790
[108]	5791	</td>
	5792
	5793
	5794
[354]	5795
	5796
[108]	5797	</tr>
	5798
	5799
[354]	5800
	5801
[240]	5802	<tr>
[108]	5803
	5804
[354]	5805
	5806
[108]	5807	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5808
	5809
[354]	5810
	5811
[108]	5812	<p><a name="dt_laufparameter"></a><b>dt</b></p>
	5813
	5814
	5815
[354]	5816
	5817
[108]	5818	</td>
	5819
	5820
[354]	5821
	5822
[108]	5823	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	5824
	5825
	5826
[354]	5827
	5828
[108]	5829	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable</i></td>
	5830
	5831
	5832
[354]	5833
	5834
[108]	5835	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	5836
	5837
[240]	5838	<font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">Time
	5839	step to be used by the 3d-model (</font></font><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">in </span><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">s).
	5840	</font></font>
[108]	5841
	5842
	5843
	5844
	5845
[354]	5846
	5847
[240]	5848	<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"><span lang="en-GB">This parameter</span>
	5849	<span lang="en-GB">is
[48]	5850	described in
[240]	5851	detail with the initialization parameters (see</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB">dt</span></a><span lang="en-GB">).
[48]	5852	Additionally, it may be
[5]	5853	used as a run parameter and then applies to all restart runs (until it
	5854	is changed again). A switch from a constant time step to a variable
[354]	5855	time step can be achieved with <b>dt</b> = <i>-1.0</i>.</span></p>
	5856
	5857	<font face="Thorndale, serif">
[240]	5858	</font>
[108]	5859
	5860
	5861	</td>
	5862
	5863
[354]	5864
	5865
[108]	5866	</tr>
	5867
	5868
[354]	5869
	5870
[108]	5871	<tr>
	5872
	5873
[354]	5874
	5875
[108]	5876	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_averaging_input"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span><br>
	5877
	5878
	5879
[354]	5880
	5881
[108]	5882	</td>
	5883
	5884
[354]	5885
	5886
[108]	5887	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	5888
	5889
[354]	5890
	5891
[108]	5892	</td>
	5893
	5894
	5895
[354]	5896
	5897
[108]	5898	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
	5899
	5900
[354]	5901
	5902
[108]	5903	</td>
	5904
	5905
	5906
[354]	5907
	5908
[108]	5909	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval
	5910	of data which are subject to temporal averaging (in s).<br>
	5911
	5912
[354]	5913
	5914
[108]	5915	<br>
	5916
	5917
[354]	5918
	5919
[108]	5920	By
[48]	5921	default, data from each timestep within the interval defined by <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>
	5922	are used for calculating the temporal average. By choosing <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span>
	5923	> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font><span lang="en-GB"></span><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>,
[5]	5924	the number of time levels entering the average can be minimized. This
	5925	reduces the CPU-time of a run but may worsen the quality of the
[108]	5926	average's statistics.<br>
	5927
	5928
[354]	5929
	5930
[240]	5931	<br style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5932
	5933
[354]	5934
	5935
[240]	5936	<font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">With
[48]	5937	variable time step (see <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>),
	5938	the number of time levels entering the average can vary from one
[240]	5939	averaging interval to the next (for a more detailed explanation see </span></font><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"><a href="#averaging_interval"><span lang="en-GB">averaging_interval</span></a>)</font><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">. It
[48]	5940	is approximately given by the quotient of <span style="font-weight: bold;">averaging_interval</span> /
	5941	MAX(<span style="font-weight: bold;"> dt_averaging_input</span>,
[108]	5942	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>) (which
[48]	5943	gives a more or less exact value if a fixed timestep is used and if
[240]	5944	this is an integral divisor of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span>).</span></font><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
	5945	</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
[108]	5946
	5947
[354]	5948
	5949
[108]	5950	<br>
	5951
	5952
[354]	5953
	5954
[108]	5955	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	5956
	5957
[354]	5958
	5959
[108]	5960	With
[48]	5961	an averaging interval of 100.0 s and <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input</span> =
[108]	5962	<span style="font-style: italic;">10.0</span>,
[5]	5963	the time levels entering the average have a (minimum) distance of 10.0
	5964	s (their distance may of course be larger if the current timestep is
	5965	larger than 10.0 s), so the average is calculated from the data of
[108]	5966	(maximum) 10 time levels.<br>
	5967
	5968
[354]	5969
	5970
[108]	5971	<br>
	5972
	5973
[354]	5974
	5975
[108]	5976	<font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">It
[48]	5977	is allowed
	5978	to change <b>dt_averaging_input</b> during a job chain. If
	5979	the last averaging
[5]	5980	interval of the run previous to the change could not be completed (i.e.
	5981	has to be finished in the current run), the individual profiles and/or
	5982	spectra entering the averaging are not uniformly distributed over the
[108]	5983	averaging interval.<br>
	5984
	5985
[354]	5986
	5987
[108]	5988	<br>
	5989
	5990
[354]	5991
	5992
[108]	5993	</span></font>Parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a> can
[48]	5994	be used to define a different temporal interval for
[108]	5995	vertical profile data and spectra.<br>
	5996
	5997
[354]	5998
	5999
[108]	6000	</td>
	6001
	6002
[354]	6003
	6004
[108]	6005	</tr>
	6006
	6007
	6008
[354]	6009
	6010
[108]	6011	<tr>
	6012
	6013
[354]	6014
	6015
[108]	6016	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6017
	6018
[354]	6019
	6020
[108]	6021	<p><a name="dt_averaging_input_pr"></a><b>dt_averaging_input_pr</b></p>
	6022
	6023
	6024
[354]	6025
	6026
[108]	6027	</td>
	6028
	6029
[354]	6030
	6031
[108]	6032	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6033
	6034
	6035
[354]	6036
	6037
[108]	6038	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_<br>
	6039
	6040
[354]	6041
	6042
[108]	6043	averaging_<br>
	6044
	6045
[354]	6046
	6047
[108]	6048	input</a></span></td>
	6049
	6050
	6051
[354]	6052
	6053
[108]	6054	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6055
	6056
[354]	6057
	6058
[108]	6059	<p lang="en-GB">Temporal
[48]	6060	interval of data which are subject to temporal averaging of <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">vertical
	6061	profiles and/or spectra (</font></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><font size="3">s).
[108]	6062	</font></font> </p>
	6063
	6064
[354]	6065
	6066
[108]	6067
	6068
	6069
[354]	6070
	6071
[108]	6072	<p>By default, data from
[48]	6073	each timestep within the interval defined by<font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"> </span></font><a href="#averaging_interval_pr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">averaging_interval_pr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and </font></span><a href="#averaging_interval_sp"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">averaging_interval_sp</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span>are
	6074	used for calculating the temporal average. By choosing <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_averaging_input_pr</span>
	6075	> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font><span lang="en-GB"></span><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>,
[5]	6076	the number of time levels entering the average can be minimized. This
	6077	reduces the CPU-time of a run but may worsen the quality of the
[108]	6078	average's statistics. <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font><span lang="en-GB"></span><br>
	6079
	6080
[354]	6081
	6082
[108]	6083	</p>
	6084
	6085
[354]	6086
	6087
[108]	6088
	6089
[354]	6090
	6091
[108]	6092	<p>For
	6093	more explanations see parameter <a href="#dt_averaging_input">dt_averaging_input</a>.<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB"></span></font></p>
	6094
	6095
[354]	6096
	6097
[108]	6098	</td>
	6099
	6100
	6101
[354]	6102
	6103
[108]	6104	</tr>
	6105
	6106
[354]	6107
	6108
[108]	6109	<tr>
	6110
	6111
[354]	6112
	6113
[108]	6114	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_coupling"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_coupling</span></td>
	6115
	6116
[354]	6117
	6118
[108]	6119	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6120
	6121
[354]	6122
	6123
[108]	6124	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
	6125
	6126
[354]	6127
	6128
[108]	6129	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval for the data exchange in case of <a href="chapter_3.8.html">runs with coupled models</a> (e.g. atmosphere - ocean) (in s).<br>
	6130
	6131
[354]	6132
	6133
[108]	6134	<br>
	6135
	6136
[354]	6137
	6138
[108]	6139	This parameter has an effect only in case of a run with coupled models. It is available starting from version 3.3a. <br>
	6140
	6141
[354]	6142
	6143
[108]	6144	<br>
	6145
	6146
[354]	6147
	6148
[108]	6149	This parameter specifies the temporal interval at which data are
	6150	exchanged at the interface between coupled models (currently: interface
	6151	between atmosphere and ocean). If this parameter is not explicitly
	6152	specified in the parameter files for both coupled models, or if there
	6153	is an inconsistency between its values for both coupled models,
	6154	the execution will terminate and an informative error message will
	6155	be given. In order to ensure synchronous coupling throughout the simulation, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_coupling</span> should be chosen larger than
	6156	<a href="#dt_max">dt_max</a>.</td>
	6157
	6158
[354]	6159
	6160
[108]	6161	</tr>
	6162
	6163
[354]	6164
	6165
[108]	6166	<tr>
	6167
	6168
[354]	6169
	6170
[108]	6171	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_data_output"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output</span><br>
	6172
	6173
	6174
[354]	6175
	6176
[108]	6177	</td>
	6178
	6179
[354]	6180
	6181
[108]	6182	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	6183
	6184
[354]	6185
	6186
[108]	6187	</td>
	6188
	6189
	6190
[354]	6191
	6192
[108]	6193	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span><br>
	6194
	6195
	6196
[354]	6197
	6198
[108]	6199	</td>
	6200
	6201
[354]	6202
	6203
[108]	6204	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6205
	6206
[354]	6207
	6208
[108]	6209	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
[48]	6210	at which data (3d volume data (instantaneous or time
	6211	averaged),
[5]	6212	cross sections (instantaneous or time averaged), vertical profiles,
	6213	spectra) shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font></p>
[108]	6214
	6215
	6216
[354]	6217
	6218
[108]	6219	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
[48]	6220	data output is switched on (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>, <a href="#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>, and </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
	6221	parameter can be used to
[5]	6222	assign the temporal interval at which these data shall be
[48]	6223	output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can be skipped at the beginning of a
	6224	simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_data_output</a>,
	6225	which has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	6226	time is the beginning of the simulation, i.e. output
	6227	takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_data_output +
	6228	dt_data_output</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span>
	6229	+ 2*<b>dt_data_output</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span>
	6230	+ 3*<b>dt_data_output</b>,
[5]	6231	etc. Since output is only done at the discrete time levels given by
[48]	6232	the timestep used, the actual output times can slightly
	6233	deviate
[108]	6234	from these theoretical values</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">.<br>
	6235
	6236
[354]	6237
	6238
[108]	6239	<br>
	6240
	6241
[354]	6242
	6243
[108]	6244	Individual temporal
[48]	6245	intervals for the different output quantities can be assigned using
	6246	parameters <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a>, <a href="#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>,
	6247	and <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>.</font></span>
[108]	6248	</td>
	6249
	6250
[354]	6251
	6252
[108]	6253	</tr>
	6254
	6255
[354]	6256
	6257
[108]	6258	<tr>
	6259
	6260
[354]	6261
	6262
[108]	6263	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_data_output_av"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_data_output_av</span><br>
	6264
	6265
	6266
[354]	6267
	6268
[108]	6269	</td>
	6270
	6271
[354]	6272
	6273
[108]	6274	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	6275
	6276
[354]	6277
	6278
[108]	6279	</td>
	6280
	6281
	6282
[354]	6283
	6284
[108]	6285	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	6286	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	6287
	6288
[354]	6289
	6290
[108]	6291	output</a></i>
	6292	</td>
	6293
	6294
[354]	6295
	6296
[108]	6297	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6298
	6299
[354]	6300
	6301
[108]	6302	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal interval</font>
[5]	6303	at which time averaged 3d volume data and/or 2d cross section data
[108]	6304	shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font></p>
	6305
	6306
[354]	6307
	6308
[108]	6309	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If data
[48]	6310	output of time averaged 2d and 3d data is switched on (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
	6311	parameter can be used to
[5]	6312	assign the temporal interval at which they shall be
[48]	6313	output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can be skipped at the beginning of a
	6314	simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>,
	6315	which has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	6316	time is the beginning of the simulation, i.e. output
	6317	takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_data_output_av +
	6318	dt_data_output_av</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span>
	6319	+ 2*<b>dt_data_output_av</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span>
	6320	+ 3*<b>dt_data_output_av</b>,
[5]	6321	etc. Since output is only done at the discrete time levels given by
[48]	6322	the timestep used, the actual output times can slightly
	6323	deviate from
[108]	6324	these theoretical values</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">.<br>
	6325
	6326
[354]	6327
	6328
[108]	6329	<br>
	6330
	6331
[354]	6332
	6333
[108]	6334	</font></span>The
[48]	6335	length of the averaging interval is controlled via parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_interval</a>.</td>
[108]	6336
	6337
	6338
[354]	6339
	6340
[108]	6341	</tr>
	6342
	6343
[354]	6344
	6345
[108]	6346	<tr>
	6347
	6348
[354]	6349
	6350
[108]	6351	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6352
	6353
[354]	6354
	6355
[108]	6356	<p><a name="dt_disturb"></a><b>dt_disturb</b></p>
	6357
	6358
	6359
[354]	6360
	6361
[108]	6362	</td>
	6363
	6364
[354]	6365
	6366
[108]	6367	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6368
	6369
	6370
[354]	6371
	6372
[108]	6373	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	6374
	6375
	6376
[354]	6377
	6378
[108]	6379	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6380
	6381
[354]	6382
	6383
[108]	6384	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	6385	interval</font> at which random
[5]	6386	perturbations are to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field
[48]	6387	(</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).  </font>
[108]	6388	</p>
	6389
	6390
[354]	6391
	6392
[108]	6393
	6394
	6395
[354]	6396
	6397
[108]	6398	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The parameter </font></span><a href="#create_disturbances"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">create_disturbances</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">
[48]	6399	describes how to impose
	6400	random perturbations to the horizontal velocity field</span></font><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">.</span>
[108]	6401	</font> </p>
	6402
	6403
[354]	6404
	6405
[108]	6406	</td>
	6407
	6408
[354]	6409
	6410
[108]	6411	</tr>
	6412
	6413
[354]	6414
	6415
[108]	6416	<tr>
	6417
	6418
[354]	6419
	6420
[108]	6421	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6422
	6423
[354]	6424
	6425
[108]	6426	<p><a name="dt_dopr"></a><b>dt_dopr</b></p>
	6427
	6428
	6429
[354]	6430
	6431
[108]	6432	</td>
	6433
	6434
[354]	6435
	6436
[108]	6437	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6438
	6439
	6440
[354]	6441
	6442
[108]	6443	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	6444	<a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	6445
	6446
[354]	6447
	6448
[108]	6449	output</a></i></td>
	6450
	6451
	6452
[354]	6453
	6454
[108]	6455	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6456
	6457
[354]	6458
	6459
[108]	6460	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Temporal
[48]	6461	interval at
[5]	6462	which data of vertical profiles shall be output (to local
[48]	6463	file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>
	6464	or/and </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">PLOT1D_DATA</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) (</font></span>in
[108]	6465	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s).
	6466	</font></span> </p>
	6467
	6468
[354]	6469
	6470
[108]	6471
	6472
	6473
[354]	6474
	6475
[108]	6476	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[48]	6477	horizontally averaged vertical profiles is switched on (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output_pr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">this
	6478	parameter can be used to
	6479	assign the temporal interval at which profile data shall be output.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
	6480	be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_dopr">skip_time_dopr</a>, which has
	6481	zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	6482	time is the beginning
[5]	6483	of the simulation, thus t = 0, </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">i.e. output
[48]	6484	takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_dopr + dt_dopr</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span> + 2*<b>dt_dopr</b>,
[108]	6485	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span>
[48]	6486	+ 3*<b>dt_dopr</b>,
[5]	6487	etc.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> Since
	6488	profiles can not be calculated for times lying within a time step
	6489	interval, the output times can deviate from these theoretical values.
	6490	If a time step ranges from t = 1799.8 to t = 1800.2, then in the
	6491	example above the output would take place at t = 1800.2. In general,
[48]	6492	the output always lie between t = 1800.0 and t = 1800.0 + </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. If the
	6493	model uses a variable time step, these
[5]	6494	deviations from the theoretical output times will of course be
[108]	6495	different for each output time.<br>
	6496
	6497
[354]	6498
	6499
[108]	6500	</font></span></p>
	6501
	6502
	6503
[354]	6504
	6505
[108]	6506
	6507
[354]	6508
	6509
[108]	6510	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In
[48]	6511	order to
	6512	guarantee an output of profile data at the end of a simulation (see </font></span><font><a href="chapter_4.1.html#end_time"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">end_time</font></span></a></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) in any way</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">,
[108]	6513	<span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time</span>
[5]	6514	should be equal or a little bit
	6515	larger than the respective theoretical output time. For example, if <b>dt_dopr</b>
[48]	6516	= <i>900.0</i><span style="font-style: italic;">
[108]	6517	</span>and 3600.0
[5]	6518	seconds are to be simulated, then <b>end_time</b>
[48]	6519	>= 3600.0 should be chosen.</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>  </font></span>
[108]	6520	</p>
	6521
	6522
[354]	6523
	6524
[108]	6525
	6526
	6527
[354]	6528
	6529
[108]	6530	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">A selection of
[48]	6531	profiles to be output can be done via parameter </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output_pr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. </font></span>
[108]	6532	</p>
	6533
	6534
[354]	6535
	6536
[108]	6537	</td>
	6538
	6539
[354]	6540
	6541
[108]	6542	</tr>
	6543
	6544
[354]	6545
	6546
[108]	6547	<tr>
	6548
	6549
[354]	6550
	6551
[108]	6552	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_dopr_listing"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopr_listing</span><br>
	6553
	6554
	6555
[354]	6556
	6557
[108]	6558	</td>
	6559
	6560
[354]	6561
	6562
[108]	6563	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	6564
	6565
[354]	6566
	6567
[108]	6568	</td>
	6569
	6570
	6571
[354]	6572
	6573
[108]	6574	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	6575
	6576
	6577
[354]	6578
	6579
[108]	6580	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6581
	6582
[354]	6583
	6584
[108]	6585	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	6586	interval</font> at which data <font face="Thorndale">of
	6587	vertical
	6588	profiles shall be output (output for printouts, local file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">LIST_PROFIL</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) (</font></span>in
[108]	6589	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">s). </font></span>
	6590	</p>
	6591
	6592
[354]	6593
	6594
[108]	6595
	6596
	6597
[354]	6598
	6599
[108]	6600	<p>T<span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pr1d"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">his
[5]	6601	parameter can be used to
[48]	6602	assign the temporal interval at which profile data shall be output.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> Reference
	6603	time is the beginning
	6604	of the simulation, thus t = 0. For example if <b>dt_dopr_listing</b>
	6605	= 1800.0,
[5]	6606	then output takes place at t = 1800.0, 3600.0, 5400.0, etc. Since
	6607	profiles can not be calculated for times lying within a time step
	6608	interval, the output times can deviate from these theoretical values.
	6609	If a time step ranges from t = 1799.8 to t = 1800.2, then in the
	6610	example above the output would take place at t = 1800.2. In general,
[48]	6611	the output always lie between t = 1800.0 and t = 1800.0 + </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(numbers
	6612	are related to
[5]	6613	the
	6614	example above). If the model uses a variable time step, these
	6615	deviations from the theoretical output times will of course be
[108]	6616	different for each output time.<br>
	6617
	6618
[354]	6619
	6620
[108]	6621	</font></span></p>
	6622
	6623
	6624
[354]	6625
	6626
[108]	6627
	6628
[354]	6629
	6630
[108]	6631	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In
[48]	6632	order to
	6633	guarantee an output of profile data at the end of a simulation (see </font></span><font><a href="chapter_4.1.html#end_time"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">end_time</font></span></a></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">) in any way</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">,
[108]	6634	<span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time</span>
[5]	6635	should be a little bit
	6636	larger than the respective theoretical output time. For example, if <b>dt_dopr_listing</b>
[48]	6637	= <i>900.0</i><span style="font-style: italic;">
[108]	6638	</span>and 3600.0
[5]	6639	seconds are to be simulated, then it should be at least  <b>end_time</b>
[48]	6640	> 3600.0 + </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. If
	6641	variable time steps are used
[5]	6642	(which is the default), <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span>
	6643	should be properly estimated.  </font></span> </p>
[108]	6644
	6645
	6646
[354]	6647
	6648
[108]	6649
	6650
[354]	6651
	6652
[108]	6653	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Data
[48]	6654	and output
	6655	format of the file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">LIST_PROFIL</font></span></a>
[108]	6656	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">is
[48]	6657	internally fixed. In this file
[5]	6658	the profiles of the most important model variables are arranged in
[108]	6659	adjacent columns.</font></span> </p>
	6660
	6661
[354]	6662
	6663
[108]	6664	</td>
	6665
	6666
[354]	6667
	6668
[108]	6669	</tr>
	6670
	6671
	6672
[354]	6673
	6674
[108]	6675	<tr>
	6676
	6677
[354]	6678
	6679
[108]	6680	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6681
	6682
[354]	6683
	6684
[108]	6685	<p><a name="dt_dots"></a><b>dt_dots</b></p>
	6686
	6687
	6688
[354]	6689
	6690
[108]	6691	</td>
	6692
	6693
[354]	6694
	6695
[108]	6696	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	6697
	6698
	6699
[354]	6700
	6701
[108]	6702	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td>
	6703
	6704
	6705
[354]	6706
	6707
[108]	6708	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	6709
	6710
[354]	6711
	6712
[108]	6713	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	6714	interval</font> at which time series data shall be
	6715	output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font>
[108]	6716	</p>
	6717
	6718
[354]	6719
	6720
[108]	6721
	6722
	6723
[354]	6724
	6725
[108]	6726	<p>The default interval for the output of timeseries
[48]	6727	is calculated as shown below (this tries to minimize the number of
[108]	6728	calls of <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">flow_statistics</span>)</p>
	6729
	6730
[354]	6731
	6732
[108]	6733
	6734
[354]	6735
	6736
[108]	6737	<p style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
[48]	6738	IF ( <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
[108]	6739	== 0.0 )  THEN<br>
	6740
	6741
[354]	6742
	6743
[108]	6744
	6745	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
	6746	MIN( <a href="#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> )<br>
	6747
	6748
[354]	6749
	6750
[108]	6751
	6752	ELSE<br>
	6753
	6754
[354]	6755
	6756
[108]	6757
	6758	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
[48]	6759	MIN( dt_run_control, <a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>
[108]	6760	)<br>
	6761
	6762
[354]	6763
	6764
[108]	6765
	6766	ENDIF</p>
	6767
	6768
[354]	6769
	6770
[108]	6771
	6772
[354]	6773
	6774
[108]	6775	<p>This parameter can be used to
[48]	6776	assign the temporal interval at which data points shall be output. <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	6777	time is the beginning of
[5]	6778	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>dt_dots</b>,
[48]	6779	2<b>dt_dots</b>, 3<b>dt_dots</b>, etc. The
	6780	actual output times can
	6781	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).
	6782	Is <b>dt_dots</b> < </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, then data
	6783	of the time series are
[5]	6784	written after each time step (if this is requested it should be <b>dt_dots</b>
[108]	6785	= <i>0</i>).</font></span></p>
	6786
	6787
[354]	6788
	6789
[108]	6790
	6791
[354]	6792
	6793
[108]	6794	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">The default
[48]	6795	value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span>
[108]	6796	is calculated as follows:</font></span></p>
	6797
	6798
[354]	6799
	6800
[108]	6801
[48]	6802	IF ( <a href="#averaging_interval_pr">averaging_interval_pr</a>
[108]	6803	== 0.0 )  THEN<br>
	6804
	6805
[354]	6806
	6807
[108]	6808
	6809	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
	6810	MIN( <a href="#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a>, <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> )<br>
	6811
	6812
[354]	6813
	6814
[108]	6815
	6816	ELSE<br>
	6817
	6818
[354]	6819
	6820
[108]	6821
	6822	<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span> =
[48]	6823	MIN( <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_run_control</span>,
[108]	6824	<a href="#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>
	6825	)<br>
	6826
	6827
[354]	6828
	6829
[108]	6830
	6831	ENDIF<br>
	6832
	6833
[354]	6834
	6835
[108]	6836	<br>
	6837
	6838
[354]	6839
	6840
[108]	6841	(which minimizes the number of calls of
	6842	routine flow_statistics).<br>
	6843
	6844
[354]	6845
	6846
[108]	6847
	6848
[354]	6849
	6850
[108]	6851	<p>By default time series data
[48]	6852	is output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF</a>.
	6853	Because of the default settings of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dots</span>,
	6854	it will generally be created for each model run. The file's
	6855	format is NetCDF.  Further details about processing NetCDF
[108]	6856	data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>
	6857
	6858
[354]	6859
	6860
[108]	6861	The
[48]	6862	file contains the following timeseries quantities (the first column
[108]	6863	gives the name of the quantities as used in the NetCDF file):<br>
	6864
	6865
[354]	6866
	6867
[108]	6868
	6869
[354]	6870
	6871
[108]	6872	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	6873
	6874
[354]	6875
	6876
[108]	6877	<tbody>
	6878
	6879
[354]	6880
	6881
[108]	6882	<tr>
	6883
	6884
[354]	6885
	6886
[108]	6887	<td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: middle;">E<br>
	6888
	6889
	6890
[354]	6891
	6892
[108]	6893	</td>
	6894
	6895
[354]	6896
	6897
[555]	6898	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total (resolved and subgrid-scale)
[48]	6899	kinetic energy of
	6900	the flow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)
	6901	(normalized with respect to the total number of grid points).</td>
[108]	6902
	6903
	6904
[354]	6905
	6906
[108]	6907	</tr>
	6908
	6909
[354]	6910
	6911
[108]	6912	<tr>
	6913
	6914
[354]	6915
	6916
[108]	6917	<td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: middle;">E*<br>
	6918
	6919
	6920
[354]	6921
	6922
[108]	6923	</td>
	6924
	6925
[354]	6926
	6927
[555]	6928	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resolved-scale kinetic
[48]	6929	energy of the flow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)<sup>
[108]	6930	</sup>(normalized
[48]	6931	with respect to the total number of grid
[108]	6932	points)</td>
	6933
	6934
[354]	6935
	6936
[108]	6937	</tr>
	6938
	6939
[354]	6940
	6941
[108]	6942	<tr>
	6943
	6944
[354]	6945
	6946
[108]	6947	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">dt<br>
	6948
	6949
	6950
[354]	6951
	6952
[108]	6953	</td>
	6954
	6955
[354]	6956
	6957
[108]	6958	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step
	6959	size (in s).</td>
	6960
	6961
[354]	6962
	6963
[108]	6964	</tr>
	6965
	6966
[354]	6967
	6968
[108]	6969	<tr>
	6970
	6971
[354]	6972
	6973
[108]	6974	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">u<sub>*</sub></td>
	6975
	6976
	6977
[354]	6978
	6979
[108]	6980	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Friction velocity (in
[48]	6981	m/s)
[108]	6982	(horizontal average).</td>
	6983
	6984
[354]	6985
	6986
[108]	6987	</tr>
	6988
	6989
[354]	6990
	6991
[108]	6992	<tr>
	6993
	6994
[354]	6995
	6996
[108]	6997	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w<sub>*</sub></td>
	6998
	6999
	7000
[354]	7001
	7002
[108]	7003	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Vertical velocity scale
[48]	7004	of
[108]	7005	the CBL (in m/s) (horizontal average)</td>
	7006
	7007
[354]	7008
	7009
[108]	7010	</tr>
	7011
	7012
[354]	7013
	7014
[108]	7015	<tr>
	7016
	7017
	7018
[354]	7019
	7020
[108]	7021	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">th<sub>*</sub></td>
	7022
	7023
	7024
[354]	7025
	7026
[108]	7027	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Temperature
[48]	7028	scale (Prandtl layer), defined as <i>w"pt"0
	7029	/ </i><i>u<sub>*</sub></i>
	7030	(horizontal
[108]	7031	average) (in K).</td>
	7032
	7033
[354]	7034
	7035
[108]	7036	</tr>
	7037
	7038
[354]	7039
	7040
[108]	7041	<tr>
	7042
	7043
[354]	7044
	7045
[108]	7046	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">umax<br>
	7047
	7048
	7049
[354]	7050
	7051
[108]	7052	</td>
	7053
	7054
[354]	7055
	7056
[108]	7057	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
[48]	7058	u-component of the
[108]	7059	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	7060
	7061
[354]	7062
	7063
[108]	7064	</tr>
	7065
	7066
[354]	7067
	7068
[108]	7069	<tr>
	7070
	7071
[354]	7072
	7073
[108]	7074	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">vmax<br>
	7075
	7076
	7077
[354]	7078
	7079
[108]	7080	</td>
	7081
	7082
[354]	7083
	7084
[108]	7085	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
[48]	7086	v-component of the
[108]	7087	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	7088
	7089
[354]	7090
	7091
[108]	7092	</tr>
	7093
	7094
[354]	7095
	7096
[108]	7097	<tr>
	7098
	7099
[354]	7100
	7101
[108]	7102	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">wmax<br>
	7103
	7104
	7105
[354]	7106
	7107
[108]	7108	</td>
	7109
	7110
[354]	7111
	7112
[108]	7113	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
[48]	7114	w-component of the
[108]	7115	velocity (in m/s).</td>
	7116
	7117
[354]	7118
	7119
[108]	7120	</tr>
	7121
	7122
[354]	7123
	7124
[108]	7125	<tr>
	7126
	7127
[354]	7128
	7129
[108]	7130	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">div_old<br>
	7131
	7132
	7133
[354]	7134
	7135
[108]	7136	</td>
	7137
	7138
[354]	7139
	7140
[108]	7141	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Divergence
[48]	7142	of the velocity
	7143	field before the pressure
	7144	solver has been called (normalized with respect to the total number of
[108]	7145	grid points) (in 1/s).</td>
	7146
	7147
[354]	7148
	7149
[108]	7150	</tr>
	7151
	7152
[354]	7153
	7154
[108]	7155	<tr>
	7156
	7157
[354]	7158
	7159
[108]	7160	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">div_new</td>
	7161
	7162
	7163
[354]	7164
	7165
[108]	7166	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Divergence of the
[48]	7167	velocity
	7168	field after the pressure
	7169	solver has been called (normalized with respect to the total number of
[108]	7170	grid points) (in 1/s).</td>
	7171
	7172
[354]	7173
	7174
[108]	7175	</tr>
	7176
	7177
[354]	7178
	7179
[108]	7180	<tr>
	7181
	7182
[354]	7183
	7184
[108]	7185	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">z_i_wpt</td>
	7186
	7187
	7188
[354]	7189
	7190
[108]	7191	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the convective
[48]	7192	boundary layer (horizontal average)
	7193	determined by the height of the minimum sensible heat flux (in m).</td>
[108]	7194
	7195
	7196
[354]	7197
	7198
[108]	7199	</tr>
	7200
	7201
[354]	7202
	7203
[108]	7204	<tr>
	7205
	7206
[354]	7207
	7208
[108]	7209	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">z_i_pt</td>
	7210
	7211
	7212
[354]	7213
	7214
[108]	7215	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the convective
[48]	7216	boundary layer (horizontal average)
[291]	7217	determined by the temperature profile, following the criterion of Sullivan et al. (1998) (in m).</td>
[108]	7218
	7219
[354]	7220
	7221
[108]	7222	</tr>
	7223
	7224
[354]	7225
	7226
[108]	7227	<tr>
	7228
	7229
	7230
[354]	7231
	7232
[108]	7233	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w"pt"0</td>
	7234
	7235
	7236
[354]	7237
	7238
[108]	7239	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale sensible
[197]	7240	heat flux at k=0 (horizontal
	7241	average), constant within Prandtl-layer (in K m/s).</td>
[108]	7242
	7243
[354]	7244
	7245
[108]	7246	</tr>
	7247
	7248
[354]	7249
	7250
[108]	7251	<tr>
	7252
	7253
[354]	7254
	7255
[108]	7256	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">w"pt"</td>
	7257
	7258
	7259
[354]	7260
	7261
[108]	7262	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Subgrid-scale heat flux
[48]	7263	(horizontal average) for z = zw(1) (in K
[108]	7264	m/s).</td>
	7265
	7266
[354]	7267
	7268
[108]	7269	</tr>
	7270
	7271
[354]	7272
	7273
[108]	7274	<tr>
	7275
	7276
[354]	7277
	7278
[108]	7279	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">wpt</td>
	7280
	7281
	7282
[354]	7283
	7284
[108]	7285	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Total heat flux
	7286	(horizontal average) for z = zw(1) (in K m/s).</td>
	7287
	7288
[354]	7289
	7290
[108]	7291	</tr>
	7292
	7293
[354]	7294
	7295
	7296	<tr>
	7297
	7298	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">w"u"0</span></td>
	7299
	7300	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale momentum flux (u-component) at k=0 (horizontal average), constant within Prandtl-layer (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
	7301
	7302	</tr>
	7303
	7304	<tr>
	7305
	7306	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">w"v"0</span></td>
	7307
	7308	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale momentum flux (v-component) at k=0 (horizontal average), constant within Prandtl-layer (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
	7309
	7310	</tr>
	7311
	7312	<tr>
	7313
	7314	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="font-style: italic;">w"q"0</span></td>
	7315
	7316	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">Subgrid-scale
[197]	7317	humidity flux at k=0 (horizontal average), constant within
	7318	Prandtl-layer (in kg/kg m/s). Zero values are output if humidity is not
[354]	7319	used.</td>
[108]	7320
[354]	7321	</tr>
[108]	7322
[354]	7323	<tr>
[108]	7324
[354]	7325
	7326
	7327
	7328
[108]	7329	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">pt(0)</td>
	7330
	7331
	7332
[354]	7333
	7334
[108]	7335	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature at
	7336	the surface (horizontal average) (in K).</td>
	7337
	7338
[354]	7339
	7340
[108]	7341	</tr>
	7342
	7343
[354]	7344
	7345
[108]	7346	<tr>
	7347
	7348
	7349
[354]	7350
	7351
[108]	7352	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">pt(zp)</td>
	7353
	7354
	7355
[354]	7356
	7357
[108]	7358	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Potential temperature for
	7359	z = zu(1) (horizontal average) (in K).</td>
	7360
	7361
[354]	7362
	7363
[108]	7364	</tr>
	7365
	7366
[354]	7367
	7368
[197]	7369
[108]	7370
	7371
[197]	7372
[108]	7373
	7374
[197]	7375
[108]	7376
	7377
	7378	<tr>
	7379
	7380
[354]	7381
	7382
[108]	7383	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">L</td>
	7384
	7385
	7386
[354]	7387
	7388
[108]	7389	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Monin-Obukhov length.</td>
	7390
	7391
	7392
[354]	7393
	7394
[108]	7395	</tr>
	7396
	7397
[354]	7398
	7399
[108]	7400
	7401
	7402
[354]	7403
	7404
[108]	7405	</tbody>
	7406
	7407
[354]	7408
	7409
[108]	7410	</table>
	7411
	7412
[354]	7413
	7414
[108]	7415	<br>
	7416
	7417
[354]	7418
	7419
[108]	7420	Additionally, the
[48]	7421	user can add his own timeseries quantities to the file, by using the
	7422	user-interface subroutines<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init">user_init</a> </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_statistics">user_statistics</a></span>.
	7423	These routines contain (as comment lines) a simple example how to do
[108]	7424	this.<br>
	7425
	7426
[354]	7427
	7428
[108]	7429	<br>
	7430
	7431
[354]	7432
	7433
[108]	7434	Time series data refers to the total
[48]	7435	domain, but time series for subdomains can also be output (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).
	7436	However, the following time series always present the values of the
	7437	total model domain (even with output for subdomains): <i>umax</i>,
[108]	7438	<i>vmax</i>, <i>wmax</i>, <i>div_old</i>,
	7439	<i>div_new</i>.</td>
	7440
	7441
[354]	7442
	7443
[108]	7444	</tr>
	7445
	7446
[354]	7447
	7448
[108]	7449	<tr>
	7450
	7451
[354]	7452
	7453
[108]	7454	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7455
	7456
[354]	7457
	7458
[108]	7459	<p><a name="dt_do2d_xy"></a><b>dt_do2d_xy</b></p>
	7460
	7461
	7462
[354]	7463
	7464
[108]	7465	</td>
	7466
	7467
[354]	7468
	7469
[108]	7470	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7471
	7472
	7473
[354]	7474
	7475
[108]	7476	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	7477	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	7478
	7479
[354]	7480
	7481
[108]	7482	output</a></i></td>
	7483
	7484
	7485
[354]	7486
	7487
[108]	7488	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7489
	7490
[354]	7491
	7492
[108]	7493	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7494	interval</font> at which horizontal cross section data
	7495	shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	7496	</font> </p>
	7497
	7498
[354]	7499
	7500
[108]	7501
	7502
	7503
[354]	7504
	7505
[108]	7506	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[5]	7507	horizontal cross sections is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>
[108]	7508	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
	7509	</font></span><a href="#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
[48]	7510	parameter can be used to
[5]	7511	assign the temporal interval at which cross section data shall be
[48]	7512	output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can be skipped at the beginning of a
	7513	simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>,
	7514	which has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	7515	time is the beginning of the simulation, i.e. output
	7516	takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do2d_xy + dt_do2d_xy</b>,
[108]	7517	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
[48]	7518	+ 2*<b>dt_do2d_xy</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
	7519	+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_xy</b>,
[5]	7520	etc. The actual output times can deviate from these theoretical values
	7521	(see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
[108]	7522
	7523
	7524
[354]	7525
	7526
[108]	7527	</font></span></p>
	7528
	7529
[354]	7530
	7531
[108]	7532
	7533
	7534
[354]	7535
	7536
[108]	7537	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
[48]	7538	has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
	7539	the time t = 0 or at the
[5]	7540	respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
[108]	7541
	7542
	7543
[354]	7544
	7545
[108]	7546	</td>
	7547
	7548
[354]	7549
	7550
[108]	7551	</tr>
	7552
	7553
[354]	7554
	7555
[108]	7556	<tr>
	7557
	7558
[354]	7559
	7560
[108]	7561	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7562
	7563
[354]	7564
	7565
[108]	7566	<p><a name="dt_do2d_xz"></a><b>dt_do2d_xz</b></p>
	7567
	7568
	7569
[354]	7570
	7571
[108]	7572	</td>
	7573
	7574
[354]	7575
	7576
[108]	7577	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7578
	7579
	7580
[354]	7581
	7582
[108]	7583	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	7584	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	7585
	7586
[354]	7587
	7588
[108]	7589	output</a></i></td>
	7590
	7591
	7592
[354]	7593
	7594
[108]	7595	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7596
	7597
[354]	7598
	7599
[108]	7600	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7601	interval</font> at which vertical cross sections data
	7602	(xz) shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	7603	</font> </p>
	7604
	7605
[354]	7606
	7607
[108]	7608
	7609
	7610
[354]	7611
	7612
[108]	7613	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[5]	7614	horizontal cross sections is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>
[108]	7615	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
	7616	</font></span><a href="#section_xz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_xz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
[5]	7617	this parameter can be used to assign the temporal interval at which
[48]	7618	cross section data shall be output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
	7619	be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, which
	7620	has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference time is the beginning of
	7621	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do2d_xz
	7622	+ dt_do2d_xz</b>,
[108]	7623	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
[48]	7624	+ 2*<b>dt_do2d_xz</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
	7625	+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_xz</b>, etc. The actual output times
[5]	7626	can deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
[108]	7627
	7628
	7629
[354]	7630
	7631
[108]	7632	</font></span></p>
	7633
	7634
[354]	7635
	7636
[108]	7637
	7638
	7639
[354]	7640
	7641
[108]	7642	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
[48]	7643	has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
	7644	the time t = 0 or at the
[5]	7645	respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
[108]	7646
	7647
	7648
[354]	7649
	7650
[108]	7651	</td>
	7652
	7653
[354]	7654
	7655
[108]	7656	</tr>
	7657
	7658
[354]	7659
	7660
[108]	7661	<tr>
	7662
	7663
[354]	7664
	7665
[108]	7666	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7667
	7668
[354]	7669
	7670
[108]	7671	<p><a name="dt_do2d_yz"></a><b>dt_do2d_yz</b></p>
	7672
	7673
	7674
[354]	7675
	7676
[108]	7677	</td>
	7678
	7679
[354]	7680
	7681
[108]	7682	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7683
	7684
	7685
[354]	7686
	7687
[108]	7688	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	7689	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	7690
	7691
[354]	7692
	7693
[108]	7694	output</a></i></td>
	7695
	7696
	7697
[354]	7698
	7699
[108]	7700	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7701
	7702
[354]	7703
	7704
[108]	7705	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7706	interval</font> at which vertical cross section data
	7707	(yz) shall be output (</font>in s<font face="Thorndale">).
[108]	7708	</font> </p>
	7709
	7710
[354]	7711
	7712
[108]	7713
	7714
	7715
[354]	7716
	7717
[108]	7718	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[5]	7719	horizontal cross sections is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>
[108]	7720	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">and
	7721	</font></span><a href="#section_yz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">section_yz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
[5]	7722	this parameter can be used to assign the temporal interval at which
[48]	7723	cross section data shall be output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
	7724	be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, which
	7725	has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	7726	time is the beginning of
	7727	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do2d_yz
	7728	+ dt_do2d_yz</b>,
[108]	7729	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span>
[48]	7730	+ 2*<b>dt_do2d_yz</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz
[108]	7731	</span>+ 3*<b>dt_do2d_yz</b>, etc. The actual output
[48]	7732	times
[5]	7733	can deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
[108]	7734
	7735
	7736
[354]	7737
	7738
[108]	7739	</font></span></p>
	7740
	7741
[354]	7742
	7743
[108]	7744
	7745
	7746
[354]	7747
	7748
[108]	7749	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do2d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do2d_at_begin</font></span></a>
[48]	7750	has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
	7751	the time t = 0 or at the
[5]	7752	respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
[108]	7753
	7754
	7755
[354]	7756
	7757
[108]	7758	</td>
	7759
	7760
[354]	7761
	7762
[108]	7763	</tr>
	7764
	7765
[354]	7766
	7767
[108]	7768	<tr>
	7769
	7770
[354]	7771
	7772
[108]	7773	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7774
	7775
[354]	7776
	7777
[108]	7778	<p><a name="dt_do3d"></a><b>dt_do3d</b></p>
	7779
	7780
	7781
[354]	7782
	7783
[108]	7784	</td>
	7785
	7786
[354]	7787
	7788
[108]	7789	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7790
	7791
	7792
[354]	7793
	7794
[108]	7795	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	7796	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	7797
	7798
[354]	7799
	7800
[108]	7801	output</a></i></td>
	7802
	7803
	7804
[354]	7805
	7806
[108]	7807	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7808
	7809
[354]	7810
	7811
[108]	7812	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7813	interval</font> at which 3d volume data shall be output (</font>in
[108]	7814	<font face="Thorndale">s).  </font> </p>
	7815
	7816
	7817
[354]	7818
	7819
[108]	7820
	7821
[354]	7822
	7823
[108]	7824	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
[48]	7825	output of
	7826	3d-volume data is switched on (see </font></span><font><a href="#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a>)<span style="font-family: thorndale;">, this parameter can be used
	7827	to assign
[5]	7828	th</span></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">e temporal
[48]	7829	interval at which 3d-data shall be output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can
	7830	be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_do3d">skip_time_do3d</a>, which has
	7831	zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
	7832	time is the
	7833	beginning of the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>skip_time_do3d
	7834	+ dt_do3d</b>,
[108]	7835	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span>
[48]	7836	+ 2*<b>dt_do3d</b>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span>
	7837	+ 3*<b>dt_do3d</b>, etc. The actual output times can
[5]	7838	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">). <br>
[108]	7839
	7840
	7841
[354]	7842
	7843
[108]	7844	</font></span></p>
	7845
	7846
[354]	7847
	7848
[108]	7849
	7850
	7851
[354]	7852
	7853
[108]	7854	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Parameter </font></span><a href="#do3d_at_begin"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">do3d_at_begin</font></span></a>
[48]	7855	has to be used if an additional output is wanted at the start of a run <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(thus at
	7856	the time t = 0 or at the
[5]	7857	respective starting times of restart runs).</font></span> </p>
[108]	7858
	7859
	7860
[354]	7861
	7862
[108]	7863	</td>
	7864
	7865
[354]	7866
	7867
[108]	7868	</tr>
	7869
	7870
[354]	7871
	7872
[108]	7873	<tr>
	7874
	7875
[354]	7876
	7877
[108]	7878	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dt_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_max</span></td>
	7879
	7880
[354]	7881
	7882
[108]	7883	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7884
	7885
[354]	7886
	7887
[108]	7888	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">20.0</span></td>
	7889
	7890
[354]	7891
	7892
[108]	7893	<td>Maximum
	7894	allowed value of the timestep (in s).<br>
	7895
	7896
[354]	7897
	7898
[108]	7899	<br>
	7900
	7901
[354]	7902
	7903
[108]	7904	By default,
[61]	7905	the maximum timestep is restricted to be 20 s. This might be o.k. for
	7906	simulations of any kind of atmospheric turbulence but may have to be
[108]	7907	changed for other situations.</td>
	7908
	7909
[354]	7910
	7911
[108]	7912	</tr>
	7913
	7914
[354]	7915
	7916
[108]	7917	<tr>
	7918
	7919
[354]	7920
	7921
[108]	7922	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7923
	7924
[354]	7925
	7926
[108]	7927	<p><a name="dt_restart"></a><b>dt_restart</b></p>
	7928
	7929
	7930
[354]	7931
	7932
[108]	7933	</td>
	7934
	7935
[354]	7936
	7937
[108]	7938	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	7939
	7940
	7941
[354]	7942
	7943
[108]	7944	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	7945
	7946
	7947
[354]	7948
	7949
[108]	7950	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	7951
	7952
[354]	7953
	7954
[108]	7955	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	7956	interval</font> at which a new
[108]	7957	restart run is to be carried out (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font> </p>
	7958
	7959
[354]	7960
	7961
[108]	7962
	7963
	7964
[354]	7965
	7966
[108]	7967	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">For a
[48]	7968	description
[5]	7969	how to assign restart times manually see run time parameter </font></span><a href="#restart_time"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">restart_time</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_restart</span>
	7970	does not show any effect, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">restart_time</span>
[108]	7971	has not been set.</font></span></p>
	7972
[354]	7973
	7974
[108]	7975
[354]	7976
	7977
[108]	7978	<p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
	7979	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
	7980
	7981
[354]	7982
	7983
[108]	7984	</td>
	7985
	7986
[354]	7987
	7988
[108]	7989	</tr>
	7990
	7991
	7992
[354]	7993
	7994
[108]	7995	<tr>
	7996
	7997
[354]	7998
	7999
[108]	8000	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8001
	8002
[354]	8003
	8004
[108]	8005	<p><a name="dt_run_control"></a><b>dt_run_control</b></p>
	8006
	8007
	8008
[354]	8009
	8010
[108]	8011	</td>
	8012
	8013
[354]	8014
	8015
[108]	8016	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	8017
	8018
	8019
[354]	8020
	8021
[108]	8022	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>60.0</i></td>
	8023
	8024
	8025
[354]	8026
	8027
[108]	8028	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8029
	8030
[354]	8031
	8032
[108]	8033	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	8034	interval</font> at which run control
	8035	output is to be made (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	8036	</font> </p>
	8037
	8038
[354]	8039
	8040
[108]	8041
	8042
	8043
[354]	8044
	8045
[108]	8046	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Run control
[48]	8047	information is output to the local ASCII-file </font></span><a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">RUN_CONTROL</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">. At each
	8048	output time, one line
[5]	8049	with information about the size of the time step, maximum speeds, total
	8050	kinetic energy etc. is written to this file. Reference time is the
	8051	beginning of the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>dt_run_control</b>,
[48]	8052	2<b>dt_run_control</b>, 3<b>dt_run_control</b>,
	8053	etc., and always at
[5]	8054	the beginning of a model run (thus at the time t = 0 or at the
	8055	respective starting times of restart runs). The actual output times can
	8056	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).<br>
[108]	8057
	8058
	8059
[354]	8060
	8061
[108]	8062	</font></span></p>
	8063
	8064
[354]	8065
	8066
[108]	8067
	8068
	8069
[354]	8070
	8071
[108]	8072	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Run control
[5]	8073	information is output after each time step can be achieved via <b>dt_run_control</b>
[108]	8074	= <i>0.0</i>.</font></span> </p>
	8075
	8076
[354]	8077
	8078
[108]	8079	</td>
	8080
	8081
	8082
[354]	8083
	8084
[108]	8085	</tr>
	8086
	8087
[354]	8088
	8089
[108]	8090	<tr>
	8091
	8092
[354]	8093
	8094
[108]	8095	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8096
	8097
[354]	8098
	8099
[108]	8100	<p><a name="end_time"></a><b>end_time</b></p>
	8101
	8102
	8103
[354]	8104
	8105
[108]	8106	</td>
	8107
	8108
[354]	8109
	8110
[108]	8111	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	8112
	8113
	8114
[354]	8115
	8116
[108]	8117	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
	8118
	8119
	8120
[354]	8121
	8122
[108]	8123	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8124
	8125
[354]	8126
	8127
[108]	8128	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Simulation time of the 3D
[48]	8129	model (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	8130	</font> </p>
	8131
	8132
[354]	8133
	8134
[108]	8135
	8136
	8137
[354]	8138
	8139
[108]	8140	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">The simulation time
[5]	8141	is starting from the beginning of the initialization run (t = 0), not
[108]	8142	starting from the beginning of the respective restart run.</font></span></p>
	8143
[354]	8144
	8145
[108]	8146
[354]	8147
	8148
[108]	8149	<p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
	8150	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
	8151
	8152
[354]	8153
	8154
[108]	8155	</td>
	8156
	8157
[354]	8158
	8159
[108]	8160	</tr>
	8161
	8162
[354]	8163
	8164
[108]	8165	<tr>
	8166
	8167
[354]	8168
	8169
[108]	8170	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8171
	8172
[354]	8173
	8174
[108]	8175	<p><a name="force_print_header"></a><b>force_print_header</b></p>
	8176
	8177
	8178
[354]	8179
	8180
[108]	8181	</td>
	8182
	8183
[354]	8184
	8185
[108]	8186	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
	8187
	8188
	8189
[354]	8190
	8191
[108]	8192	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
	8193
	8194
	8195
[354]	8196
	8197
[108]	8198	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8199
	8200
[354]	8201
	8202
[108]	8203	<p>Steering of
[48]	8204	header output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.
[108]	8205	</p>
	8206
	8207
[354]	8208
	8209
[108]	8210
	8211
	8212
[354]	8213
	8214
[108]	8215	<p>By default, informations about the model
[48]	8216	parameters in use are
[5]	8217	output to the beginning of file RUN_CONTROL for initial runs only
	8218	(these informations are identical to that which are output to the local
	8219	file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#HEADER">HEADER</a>).
[48]	8220	With <b>force_print_header</b> = <i>.T.</i>,
	8221	these informations are
[5]	8222	also output to <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>
[108]	8223	at restart runs.</p>
	8224
	8225
[354]	8226
	8227
[108]	8228	</td>
	8229
	8230
[354]	8231
	8232
[108]	8233	</tr>
	8234
	8235
[354]	8236
	8237
[108]	8238	<tr>
	8239
	8240
[354]	8241
	8242
[108]	8243	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8244
	8245
[354]	8246
	8247
[108]	8248	<p><a name="mg_cycles"></a><b>mg_cycles</b></p>
	8249
	8250
	8251
[354]	8252
	8253
[108]	8254	</td>
	8255
	8256
[354]	8257
	8258
[108]	8259	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8260
	8261
	8262
[354]	8263
	8264
[108]	8265	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>-1</i></td>
	8266
	8267
	8268
[354]	8269
	8270
[108]	8271	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8272
	8273
[354]	8274
	8275
[108]	8276	<p>Number of
	8277	cycles to be used with the multi-grid scheme.<br>
	8278
	8279
[354]	8280
	8281
[108]	8282	<br>
	8283
	8284
	8285
[354]	8286
	8287
[5]	8288	This parameter determines the number of cycles to be carried out in the
	8289	multi-grid method used for solving the Poisson equation for
	8290	perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>).
	8291	The type of the cycles can be set with <a href="#cycle_mg">cycle_mg</a>.<br>
[108]	8292
	8293
	8294
[354]	8295
	8296
[108]	8297	</p>
	8298
	8299
[354]	8300
	8301
[108]	8302	<br>
	8303
	8304
[354]	8305
	8306
[108]	8307	By default (<b>mg_cyles</b> = <i>-
[61]	8308	1</i>), the
[48]	8309	number of cycles
[5]	8310	depends on the requested accuracy of the scheme (see <a href="#residual_limit">residual_limit</a>)
	8311	and may vary from time step to time step. In this case, the CPU time
	8312	for a run will be difficult to estimate, since it heavily depends on
[108]	8313	the total number of the cycles to be carried out.<br>
	8314
	8315
[354]	8316
	8317
[108]	8318	<br>
	8319
	8320
	8321
[354]	8322
	8323
[48]	8324	By assigning <b>mg_cycles</b> a value (>=<span style="font-style: italic;">1</span>), the number of
	8325	cycles can be
[108]	8326	fixed so that the CPU time can be clearly estimated. <br>
	8327
	8328
[354]	8329
	8330
[108]	8331	<br>
	8332
	8333
	8334
[354]	8335
	8336
[108]	8337	<b>Note:</b> When using a fixed number of cycles, the user
[48]	8338	must
[5]	8339	examine the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>
	8340	regularly to check whether the divergence of the velocity field is
	8341	sufficiently reduced by the pressure solver. It should be reduced at
	8342	least by two orders of magnitude. For cyclic boundary conditions along
	8343	both horizontal directions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
[48]	8344	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>) <span style="font-weight: bold;">mg_cycles</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">2</span> is typically a
	8345	good choice, for
[5]	8346	non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions <span style="font-weight: bold;">mg_cycles</span>
[48]	8347	= <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span> may be
[108]	8348	sufficient.</td>
	8349
	8350
[354]	8351
	8352
[108]	8353	</tr>
	8354
	8355
[354]	8356
	8357
[108]	8358	<tr>
	8359
	8360
[354]	8361
	8362
[108]	8363	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mg_switch_to_pe0_level"></a><b>mg_switch_to_pe0_<br>
	8364
	8365
	8366
[354]	8367
	8368
[108]	8369	level</b></td>
	8370
	8371
[354]	8372
	8373
[108]	8374	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8375
	8376
	8377
[354]	8378
	8379
[108]	8380	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	8381
	8382
[354]	8383
	8384
[108]	8385	</td>
	8386
	8387
[354]	8388
	8389
[108]	8390	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid
	8391	level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.<br>
	8392
	8393
[354]	8394
	8395
[108]	8396	<br>
	8397
	8398
	8399
[354]	8400
	8401
[5]	8402	In case of a run using several PEs and the multigrid method for solving
	8403	the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>),
	8404	the value of this parameter defines on which grid level the data are
	8405	gathered on PE0 in order to allow for a further coarsening of the grid.
	8406	The finest grid defines the largest grid level. By default, the
	8407	gathering level is determined automatically and displayed in file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.
	8408	It is only possible to gather data from a level larger than the one
	8409	determined automatically. A test run may be neccessary to determine
[354]	8410	this level.<br>
[108]	8411
[354]	8412	<br>
[108]	8413
[354]	8414	Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">mg_switch_to_pe0_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span> prevents that data are collected on PE0 at all, i.e. coarsening of grids is limited by the subdomains.</td>
	8415
	8416
	8417
	8418
[108]	8419	</tr>
	8420
	8421
[354]	8422
	8423
[108]	8424	<tr>
[493]	8425	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="netcdf_data_format"></a>netcdf_data_format</span><br>
[108]	8426	</td>
[493]	8427	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
	8428	</td>
	8429	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">2</span><br>
	8430	</td>
	8431	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Data format for NetCDF files.<br>
[108]	8432	<br>
[493]	8433	This variable defines the format of the NetCDF files. Following values are allowed:<br>
[108]	8434	<br>
[493]	8435	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	8436	<tbody>
	8437	<tr>
	8438	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1</span><br>
	8439	</td>
	8440	<td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF classic format (filesize limited to 2GB)<br>
	8441	</td>
	8442	</tr>
	8443	<tr>
	8444	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">2</span><br>
	8445	</td>
	8446	<td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF 64-bit-offset format (large file support, but single variable still limited to 2GB)<br>
	8447	</td>
	8448	</tr>
	8449	<tr>
	8450	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">3</span><br>
	8451	</td>
	8452	<td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF-4 (HDF5) format (files can be as large as file system supports; unlimited variable size; allows parallel I/O)<br>
	8453	</td>
	8454	</tr>
	8455	<tr>
	8456	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">4</span><br>
	8457	</td>
	8458	<td style="vertical-align: top;">NetCDF-4 format, but with NF90_CLASSIC_MODEL bit set (some new features of NetCDF4 are not available)<br>
	8459	</td>
	8460	</tr>
	8461	</tbody>
	8462	</table>
[108]	8463	<br>
[493]	8464	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Important:</span><br>
	8465	Setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_data_format </span>> <span style="font-style: italic;">2 </span>requires a NetCDF4 library (set <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">-I</span>, <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">-L</span>, and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> -l </span>options for compiling and linking appropriately in configuration file). Also, preprocessor switch <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">__netcdf4 </span>has to be set (see line starting with <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">%cpp_opts </span>in the configuration file).<br>
	8466	<br>
	8467	Files with NetCDF4 format cannot be read with NetCDF3 libraries.<br>
[108]	8468	</td>
[493]	8469	</tr>
[108]	8470
	8471
[354]	8472
	8473
[108]	8474
[493]	8475
[108]	8476
[354]	8477
	8478
[108]	8479
	8480	<tr>
	8481
	8482
	8483
[354]	8484
	8485
[108]	8486	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8487
	8488
[354]	8489
	8490
[108]	8491	<p><a name="ngsrb"></a><b>ngsrb</b></p>
	8492
	8493
[354]	8494
	8495
[108]	8496	</td>
	8497
	8498
	8499
[354]	8500
	8501
[108]	8502	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8503
	8504
[354]	8505
	8506
[108]	8507	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>2</i></td>
	8508
	8509
	8510
[354]	8511
	8512
[108]	8513	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid
	8514	level at which data shall be gathered on PE0.<br>
	8515
	8516
[354]	8517
	8518
[108]	8519	<br>
	8520
	8521
	8522
[354]	8523
	8524
[5]	8525	In case of a run using several PEs and the multigrid method for solving
	8526	the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>),
	8527	the value of this parameter defines on which grid level the data are
	8528	gathered on PE0 in order to allow for a further coarsening of the grid.
	8529	The finest grid defines the largest grid level. By default, the
	8530	gathering level is determined automatically and displayed in file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.
	8531	It is only possible to gather data from a level larger than the one
	8532	determined automatically. A test run may be neccessary to determine
[108]	8533	this level.</td>
	8534
	8535
[354]	8536
	8537
[108]	8538	</tr>
	8539
	8540
[354]	8541
	8542
[108]	8543	<tr>
	8544
	8545
[354]	8546
	8547
[108]	8548	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8549
	8550
[354]	8551
	8552
[108]	8553	<p><a name="normalizing_region"></a><b>normalizing_region</b></p>
	8554
	8555
	8556
[354]	8557
	8558
[108]	8559	</td>
	8560
	8561
[354]	8562
	8563
[108]	8564	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8565
	8566
	8567
[354]	8568
	8569
[108]	8570	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0</span><br>
	8571
	8572
[354]	8573
	8574
[108]	8575	</td>
	8576
	8577
	8578
[354]	8579
	8580
[108]	8581	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8582
	8583
[354]	8584
	8585
[108]	8586	<p>Determines the
[48]	8587	subdomain from which the normalization
[108]	8588	quantities are calculated.  </p>
	8589
	8590
[354]	8591
	8592
[108]	8593
	8594
	8595
[354]	8596
	8597
[108]	8598	<p>If output
[48]	8599	data of the horizontally averaged vertical profiles
[5]	8600	(see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	8601	is to be normalized (see <a href="#cross_normalized_x">cross_normalized_x</a>,
[108]	8602	<a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>),
[5]	8603	the respective normalization quantities are by default calculated from
	8604	the averaged data of the total model domain (<b>normalizing_region</b>
[48]	8605	= <i>0</i>) and are thus representative for the total
	8606	domain. Instead
[5]	8607	of that, normalization quantities can also be calculated for a
[48]	8608	subdomain. The wanted subdomain can be given with the parameter <span style="font-weight: bold;">normalizing_region</span>,
	8609	where <i>1</i>
	8610	<= <b>normalizing_region</b> <= <i>9 </i>must
	8611	hold. These
[5]	8612	quantities are then used for normalizing of all profiles (even for that
[108]	8613	of the total domain).</p>
	8614
	8615
[354]	8616
	8617
[108]	8618	</td>
	8619
	8620
[354]	8621
	8622
[108]	8623	</tr>
	8624
	8625
[354]	8626
	8627
	8628	<tr>
	8629
	8630	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="npex"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="npex"></a>npex</span></td>
	8631
	8632	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8633
[493]	8634	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	8635	</td>
[354]	8636
	8637	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8638
	8639	<p>Number of processors
[197]	8640	along x-direction of the virtual
	8641	processor
	8642	net.  </p>
[108]	8643
	8644
[197]	8645
	8646
	8647
	8648
[354]	8649
	8650
[197]	8651
	8652
	8653
	8654
	8655
	8656
	8657
[354]	8658
	8659
[197]	8660	<p>For parallel runs, the total
	8661	number of processors to be used
	8662	is given by
	8663	the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
	8664	option <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#Opt-X">-X</a>.
	8665	By default, depending on the type of the parallel computer, PALM
	8666	generates a 1d processor
	8667	net (domain decomposition along x, <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>
	8668	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1</span>) or a
	8669	2d-net (this is
	8670	favored on machines with fast communication network and/or large number of processors (>256)). In case of a
	8671	2d-net, it is tried to make it more or less square-shaped. If, for
	8672	example, 16 processors are assigned (-X 16), a 4 * 4 processor net is
	8673	generated (<span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span>
	8674	= <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>
	8675	= <span style="font-style: italic;">4</span>).
	8676	This choice is optimal for square total domains (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a>
	8677	= <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a>),
	8678	since then the number of ghost points at the lateral boundarys of
	8679	the subdomains reaches a minimum. If <span style="font-weight: bold;">nx</span>
	8680	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">ny</span>
	8681	differ extremely, the
	8682	processor net should be manually adjusted using adequate values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>.  </p>
	8683
	8684
	8685
	8686
	8687
	8688
	8689
[354]	8690
	8691
[197]	8692
	8693
	8694
	8695
	8696
	8697
[354]	8698
	8699
[197]	8700	<p><b>Important:</b> The value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span> * <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span> must exactly match the
	8701	value assigned by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-option
	8702	<tt>-X</tt>.
	8703	Otherwise the model run will abort with a corresponding error
	8704	message.  <br>
	8705
	8706
	8707
	8708
	8709
	8710
	8711
[354]	8712
	8713
[197]	8714	Additionally, the specification of <span style="font-weight: bold;">npex</span>
	8715	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">npey</span>
	8716	may of course
	8717	override the default setting for the domain decomposition (1d or 2d)
	8718	which may have a significant (negative) effect on the code performance.
[354]	8719	</p>
	8720
	8721	</td>
	8722
	8723	</tr>
	8724
	8725	<tr>
	8726
	8727	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="npey"></a>npey</span></td>
	8728
	8729	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8730
[493]	8731	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	8732	</td>
[354]	8733
	8734	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8735
	8736	<p>Number of processors
[197]	8737	along y-direction of the virtual
	8738	processor
	8739	net.  </p>
	8740
	8741
	8742
	8743
	8744
	8745
[354]	8746
	8747
[197]	8748
	8749
	8750
	8751
	8752
	8753
	8754
[354]	8755
	8756
	8757	<p>For further information see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#npex">npex</a>.</p>
[197]	8758
[354]	8759	</td>
[197]	8760
[354]	8761	</tr>
	8762
	8763	<tr>
	8764
	8765
	8766
	8767
[108]	8768	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8769
	8770
[354]	8771
	8772
[108]	8773	<p><a name="nsor"></a><b>nsor</b></p>
	8774
	8775
	8776
[354]	8777
	8778
[108]	8779	</td>
	8780
	8781
[354]	8782
	8783
[108]	8784	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8785
	8786
	8787
[354]	8788
	8789
[108]	8790	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>20</i></td>
	8791
	8792
	8793
[354]	8794
	8795
[108]	8796	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8797
	8798
[354]	8799
	8800
[108]	8801	<p>Number of
	8802	iterations to be used with the SOR-scheme.  </p>
	8803
	8804
[354]	8805
	8806
[108]	8807
	8808
	8809
[354]	8810
	8811
[108]	8812	<p>This
[48]	8813	parameter is only effective if the SOR-scheme is selected
[5]	8814	as pressure solver (<a href="#psolver">psolver</a>
[48]	8815	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>).
	8816	The number of
[5]	8817	iterations necessary for a sufficient convergence of the scheme depends
	8818	on the grid point numbers and is to be determined by appropriate test
	8819	runs (the default value will not at all be sufficient for larger grid
	8820	point numbers). The number of iterations used for the first call of the
	8821	SOR-scheme (t = 0) is determined via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor_ini">nsor_ini</a>.</p>
[108]	8822
	8823
	8824
[354]	8825
	8826
[108]	8827	</td>
	8828
	8829
[354]	8830
	8831
[108]	8832	</tr>
	8833
	8834
[354]	8835
	8836
[108]	8837	<tr>
	8838
	8839
[354]	8840
	8841
[108]	8842	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8843
	8844
[354]	8845
	8846
[108]	8847	<p><a name="nz_do3d"></a><b>nz_do3d</b></p>
	8848
	8849
	8850
[354]	8851
	8852
[108]	8853	</td>
	8854
	8855
[354]	8856
	8857
[108]	8858	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	8859
	8860
	8861
[354]	8862
	8863
[108]	8864	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>nz+1</i></td>
	8865
	8866
	8867
[354]	8868
	8869
[108]	8870	<td style="vertical-align: top;"> Limits the output of 3d
	8871	volume data along the vertical direction (grid point index k).<br>
	8872
	8873
[354]	8874
	8875
[108]	8876	<br>
	8877
	8878
[354]	8879
	8880
[108]	8881	By
[48]	8882	default, data for all grid points along z are output. The parameter <span style="font-weight: bold;">nz_do3d</span>
[5]	8883	can be used to limit the output up to a certain vertical grid point
	8884	(e.g. in order to reduce the amount of output data). It affects all
[48]	8885	output of volume data ("normal" output to file, see <a href="#data_output">data_output</a>, as well as output
	8886	for <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>-software,
	8887	see <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>).</td>
[108]	8888
	8889
	8890
[354]	8891
	8892
[108]	8893	</tr>
	8894
	8895
[354]	8896
	8897
[108]	8898	<tr>
	8899
	8900
[354]	8901
	8902
[108]	8903	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8904
	8905
[354]	8906
	8907
[108]	8908	<p><a name="omega_sor"></a><b>omega_sor</b></p>
	8909
	8910
	8911
[354]	8912
	8913
[108]	8914	</td>
	8915
	8916
[354]	8917
	8918
[108]	8919	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	8920
	8921
	8922
[354]	8923
	8924
[108]	8925	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.8</i></td>
	8926
	8927
	8928
[354]	8929
	8930
[108]	8931	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8932
	8933
[354]	8934
	8935
[108]	8936	<p>Convergence
	8937	factor to be used with the the SOR-scheme.  </p>
	8938
	8939
[354]	8940
	8941
[108]	8942
	8943
	8944
[354]	8945
	8946
[108]	8947	<p>If
[48]	8948	the SOR-scheme is selected (<a href="#psolver">psolver</a>
	8949	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>),
	8950	this parameter
	8951	determines the value of the convergence factor, where <i>1.0</i>
	8952	<= <b>omega_sor</b> < <i>2.0 </i>.
	8953	The optimum value of <b>omega_sor</b>
[5]	8954	depends on the number of grid points along the different directions in
	8955	space. For non-equidistant grids it can only be determined by
[108]	8956	appropriate test runs.</p>
	8957
	8958
[354]	8959
	8960
[108]	8961	</td>
	8962
	8963
[354]	8964
	8965
[108]	8966	</tr>
	8967
	8968
[354]	8969
	8970
[108]	8971	<tr>
	8972
	8973
[354]	8974
	8975
[108]	8976	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	8977
	8978
[354]	8979
	8980
[108]	8981	<p><a name="prandtl_number"></a><b>prandtl_number</b></p>
	8982
	8983
	8984
[354]	8985
	8986
[108]	8987	</td>
	8988
	8989
[354]	8990
	8991
[108]	8992	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	8993
	8994
	8995
[354]	8996
	8997
[108]	8998	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
	8999
	9000
	9001
[354]	9002
	9003
[108]	9004	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9005
	9006
[354]	9007
	9008
[108]	9009	<p>Ratio of the
[48]	9010	eddy diffusivities for momentum and heat (K<sub>m</sub>/K<sub>h</sub>).
[108]	9011	</p>
	9012
	9013
[354]	9014
	9015
[108]	9016
	9017
	9018
[354]	9019
	9020
[108]	9021	<p>For runs with constant eddy diffusivity (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_constant">km_constant</a>),
[5]	9022	this parameter can be used to assign the Prandtl number (ratio K<sub>m</sub>
[108]	9023	/ K<sub>h</sub>).</p>
	9024
	9025
[354]	9026
	9027
[108]	9028	</td>
	9029
	9030
[354]	9031
	9032
[108]	9033	</tr>
	9034
	9035
[354]	9036
	9037
[108]	9038	<tr>
	9039
	9040
[354]	9041
	9042
[108]	9043	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="precipitation_amount_interval"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">precipitation_amount_</span><br style="font-weight: bold;">
	9044
	9045
[354]	9046
	9047
[108]	9048	<span style="font-weight: bold;">interval</span></td>
	9049
	9050
[354]	9051
	9052
[108]	9053	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9054
	9055
[354]	9056
	9057
[108]	9058	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	9059	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_<br>
	9060
	9061
[354]	9062
	9063
[108]	9064	xy</a></i></td>
	9065
	9066
[354]	9067
	9068
[108]	9069	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9070
	9071
[354]	9072
	9073
[108]	9074	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[72]	9075	interval</font> for which the precipitation amount (in mm) shall be calculated and output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s).
[108]	9076	</font> </p>
	9077
	9078
[354]	9079
	9080
[108]	9081
	9082
	9083
[354]	9084
	9085
[108]	9086	<p><span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#section_xy"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">This
[72]	9087	parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#precipitation">precipitation</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>The interval must be smaller or equal than the output interval for 2d horizontal cross sections given by </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_do2d_xy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_do2d_xy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">). The output of the precipitation amount also requires setting of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> =<span style="font-style: italic;"> 'pra*'</span>.<br>
[108]	9088
	9089
	9090
[354]	9091
	9092
[108]	9093	</font></span></p>
	9094
	9095
[354]	9096
	9097
[108]	9098	<span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
	9099
	9100
[354]	9101
	9102
[108]	9103	</tr>
	9104
	9105
[354]	9106
	9107
[108]	9108	<tr>
	9109
	9110
	9111
[354]	9112
	9113
[108]	9114	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9115
	9116
[354]	9117
	9118
[108]	9119	<p><a name="profile_columns"></a><b>profile_columns</b></p>
	9120
	9121
	9122
[354]	9123
	9124
[108]	9125	</td>
	9126
	9127
[354]	9128
	9129
[108]	9130	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	9131
	9132
	9133
[354]	9134
	9135
[108]	9136	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>3</i></td>
	9137
	9138
	9139
[354]	9140
	9141
[108]	9142	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9143
	9144
[354]	9145
	9146
[108]	9147	<p>Number of
[48]	9148	coordinate systems to be plotted<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>
	9149	in one row by <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
[108]	9150	</p>
	9151
	9152
[354]	9153
	9154
[108]	9155
	9156
	9157
[354]	9158
	9159
[108]	9160	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	9161	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	9162
	9163
[354]	9164
	9165
[108]	9166
	9167
[354]	9168
	9169
[108]	9170	<p>It
[48]	9171	determines the layout of plots of
[5]	9172	horizontally averaged profiles (<a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	9173	when plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
	9174	Generally, the number and sequence of coordinate systems (panels) to be
	9175	plotted on one page are
[48]	9176	determined by <a href="#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>.
[108]	9177	<b>profile_columns</b>
[5]	9178	determines how many panels are to be
	9179	arranged next to each other in one row (number of columns). The
	9180	respective number of rows on a page is assigned by <a href="#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>.
	9181	According to their order given by <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>,
	9182	the panels are arranged beginning in the top row from left to right and
[48]	9183	then continued in the following row. If the number of panels cranz
	9184	> <b>profile_columns</b> * <b>profile_rows</b>,
	9185	the remaining
[5]	9186	panels are drawn on an additional page. If cranz < <b>profile_columns</b>,
[48]	9187	then <b>profile_columns</b> = cranz is automatically set.
	9188	If
[5]	9189	row  contains any panel, then the value of <b>profile_rows</b>
[108]	9190	is reduced automatically.</p>
	9191
	9192
[354]	9193
	9194
[108]	9195	</td>
	9196
	9197
[354]	9198
	9199
[108]	9200	</tr>
	9201
	9202
[354]	9203
	9204
[108]	9205	<tr>
	9206
	9207
	9208
[354]	9209
	9210
[108]	9211	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9212
	9213
[354]	9214
	9215
[108]	9216	<p><a name="profile_rows"></a><b>profile_rows</b></p>
	9217
	9218
	9219
[354]	9220
	9221
[108]	9222	</td>
	9223
	9224
[354]	9225
	9226
[108]	9227	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	9228
	9229
	9230
[354]	9231
	9232
[108]	9233	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>2</i></td>
	9234
	9235
	9236
[354]	9237
	9238
[108]	9239	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9240
	9241
[354]	9242
	9243
[108]	9244	<p>Number of rows
[48]	9245	of coordinate systems to be plotted on one page
	9246	by <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
[108]	9247	</p>
	9248
	9249
[354]	9250
	9251
[108]	9252
	9253
	9254
[354]	9255
	9256
[108]	9257	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	9258	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	9259
	9260
[354]	9261
	9262
[108]	9263
	9264
[354]	9265
	9266
[108]	9267	<p>It
[48]	9268	determines the layout of plots of horizontally averaged
[5]	9269	profiles. See <a href="#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>.</p>
[108]	9270
	9271
	9272
[354]	9273
	9274
[108]	9275	</td>
	9276
	9277
[354]	9278
	9279
[108]	9280	</tr>
	9281
	9282
[354]	9283
	9284
[108]	9285	<tr>
	9286
	9287
[354]	9288
	9289
[108]	9290	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9291
	9292
[354]	9293
	9294
[108]	9295	<p><a name="psolver"></a><b>psolver</b></p>
	9296
	9297
	9298
[354]	9299
	9300
[108]	9301	</td>
	9302
	9303
[354]	9304
	9305
[108]	9306	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td>
	9307
	9308
	9309
[354]	9310
	9311
[108]	9312	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'poisfft'</i></td>
	9313
	9314
	9315
[354]	9316
	9317
[108]	9318	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9319
	9320
[354]	9321
	9322
[108]	9323	<p>Scheme to be
[48]	9324	used to solve the Poisson equation for the
[108]	9325	perturbation pressure.  </p>
	9326
	9327
[354]	9328
	9329
[108]	9330	<br>
	9331
	9332
	9333
[354]	9334
	9335
[108]	9336	The user can choose between the following schemes:<br>
	9337
	9338
[354]	9339
	9340
[108]	9341
	9342
	9343
[354]	9344
	9345
[108]	9346	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	9347
	9348
[354]	9349
	9350
[108]	9351	<tbody>
	9352
	9353
[354]	9354
	9355
[108]	9356	<tr>
	9357
	9358
[354]	9359
	9360
[108]	9361	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>poisfft</i></td>
	9362
	9363
	9364
[354]	9365
	9366
[108]	9367	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Direct method using FFT
[5]	9368	along x and y, solution of a
	9369	tridiagonal matrix along z, and backward
	9370	FFT (see Siano, institute reports, volume 54). The FFT routines to be
	9371	used can be determined via the initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.<br>
[108]	9372
	9373
	9374
[354]	9375
	9376
[5]	9377	This solver is specially optimized for 1d domain decompositions.
	9378	Vectorization is optimized for domain decompositions along x only.</td>
[108]	9379
	9380
	9381
[354]	9382
	9383
[108]	9384	</tr>
	9385
	9386
[354]	9387
	9388
[108]	9389	<tr>
	9390
	9391
[354]	9392
	9393
[108]	9394	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9395
	9396
[354]	9397
	9398
[108]	9399	<p><i>poisfft_</i>
	9400	<br>
	9401
	9402
[354]	9403
	9404
[108]	9405	<i>hybrid</i></p>
	9406
	9407
	9408
[354]	9409
	9410
[108]	9411	</td>
	9412
	9413
[354]	9414
	9415
[108]	9416	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Direct
[48]	9417	method using FFT
[5]	9418	along x and y, solution of a
	9419	tridiagonal matrix along z, and backward
	9420	FFT (see Siano, institute reports, volume 54). The FFT routines to be
	9421	used can be determined via the initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.<br>
[108]	9422
	9423
	9424
[354]	9425
	9426
[5]	9427	This solver is specially optimized for 1d domain decompositions.
	9428	Vectorization is optimized for domain decompositions along x only.</td>
[108]	9429
	9430
	9431
[354]	9432
	9433
[108]	9434	</tr>
	9435
	9436
[354]	9437
	9438
[108]	9439	<tr>
	9440
	9441
[354]	9442
	9443
[108]	9444	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>multigrid</i></td>
	9445
	9446
	9447
[354]	9448
	9449
[108]	9450	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9451
	9452
[354]	9453
	9454
[108]	9455	<p>Multi-grid
[48]	9456	scheme (see Uhlenbrock, diploma thesis). v-
[5]	9457	and
	9458	w-cycles (see <a href="#cycle_mg">cycle_mg</a>)
	9459	are implemented. The convergence of the iterative scheme can be
	9460	steered by the number of v-/w-cycles to be carried out for each call of
	9461	the scheme (<a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>)
	9462	and by the number of Gauss-Seidel iterations (see <a href="#ngsrb">ngsrb</a>)
	9463	to be carried out on each grid level. Instead the requested accuracy
[48]	9464	can be given via <a href="#residual_limit">residual_limit</a>.
[108]	9465	<span style="font-weight: bold;">This is the default!</span>
[5]	9466	The
	9467	smaller this limit is, the more cycles have to be carried out in this
	9468	case and the number of cycles may vary from timestep to timestep.</p>
[108]	9469
	9470
	9471
[354]	9472
	9473
[108]	9474	<br>
	9475
	9476
[354]	9477
	9478
[108]	9479	If <a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>
[5]	9480	is set to its optimal value, the computing time of the
[48]	9481	multi-grid scheme amounts approximately to that of the direct solver <span style="font-style: italic;">poisfft</span>, as long as
	9482	the number of
[5]	9483	grid points in the three directions
	9484	of space corresponds to a power-of-two (2<sup>n</sup>)
[48]	9485	where <i>n</i> >= 5 must hold. With large <i>n,
[108]	9486	</i>the
[5]	9487	multi-grid scheme can even be faster than the direct solver (although
	9488	its accuracy is several orders of magnitude worse, but this does not
	9489	affect the accuracy of the simulation). Nevertheless, the user should
	9490	always carry out some test runs in order to find out the optimum value
	9491	for <a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>,
	9492	because the CPU time of a run very critically depends on this
[108]	9493	parameter.
	9494
	9495
[354]	9496
	9497
[108]	9498	<p>This scheme requires that the number of grid
[48]	9499	points of
[5]	9500	the
	9501	subdomains (or of the total domain, if only one PE is uesd) along each
	9502	of the directions can at least be devided once by 2 without rest.</p>
[108]	9503
	9504
	9505
[354]	9506
	9507
[5]	9508	With parallel runs, starting from a certain grid level the
	9509	data of the subdomains are possibly gathered on PE0 in order to allow
	9510	for a further coarsening of the grid. The grid level for gathering can
	9511	be manually set by <a href="#mg_switch_to_pe0_level">mg_switch_to_pe0_level</a>.<br>
[108]	9512
	9513
	9514
[354]	9515
	9516
[108]	9517
	9518
[354]	9519
	9520
[108]	9521	<p>Using this procedure requires the subdomains to be of
[5]	9522	identical size (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#grid_matching">grid_matching</a>).</p>
[108]	9523
	9524
	9525
[354]	9526
	9527
[108]	9528	</td>
	9529
	9530
[354]	9531
	9532
[108]	9533	</tr>
	9534
	9535
[354]	9536
	9537
[108]	9538	<tr>
	9539
	9540
[354]	9541
	9542
[108]	9543	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>sor</i></td>
	9544
	9545
	9546
[354]	9547
	9548
[108]	9549	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Successive over
[48]	9550	relaxation
[5]	9551	method (SOR). The convergence of
	9552	this
	9553	iterative scheme is steered with the parameters <a href="#omega_sor">omega_sor</a>,
[108]	9554	<a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor_ini">nsor_ini</a>
[48]	9555	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nsor">nsor</a>.
[108]	9556	<br>
	9557
	9558
[354]	9559
	9560
[108]	9561	Compared to the direct method and the multi-grid method, this
[48]	9562	scheme
[5]	9563	needs substantially
	9564	more computing time. It should only be used for test runs, e.g. if
[108]	9565	errors in the other pressure solver methods are assumed.</td>
	9566
	9567
[354]	9568
	9569
[108]	9570	</tr>
	9571
	9572
	9573
[354]	9574
	9575
[108]	9576
	9577
[354]	9578
	9579
[108]	9580	</tbody>
	9581
	9582
[354]	9583
	9584
[108]	9585	</table>
	9586
	9587
[354]	9588
	9589
[108]	9590	<br>
	9591
	9592
[354]	9593
	9594
[108]	9595	In order to speed-up
[61]	9596	performance, the Poisson equation is by default
[5]	9597	only solved at the last substep of a multistep Runge-Kutta scheme (see <a href="#call_psolver_at_all_substeps">call_psolver
	9598	at_all_substeps</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>).
[108]	9599	</td>
	9600
	9601
[354]	9602
	9603
[108]	9604	</tr>
	9605
	9606
[354]	9607
	9608
[108]	9609	<tr>
	9610
	9611
[354]	9612
	9613
[108]	9614	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9615
	9616
[354]	9617
	9618
[108]	9619	<p><a name="rayleigh_damping_factor"></a><b>rayleigh_damping</b>
	9620	<br>
	9621
	9622
[354]	9623
	9624
[108]	9625	<b>_factor</b></p>
	9626
	9627
[354]	9628
	9629
[108]	9630	</td>
	9631
	9632
[354]	9633
	9634
[108]	9635	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9636
	9637
[354]	9638
	9639
[108]	9640	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0 or</i><br>
	9641
	9642
	9643
[354]	9644
	9645
[108]	9646	<i>0.01</i></td>
	9647
	9648
[354]	9649
	9650
[108]	9651	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9652
	9653
[354]	9654
	9655
[108]	9656	<p>Factor for Rayleigh damping.  </p>
	9657
	9658
[354]	9659
	9660
[108]	9661
	9662
	9663
[354]	9664
	9665
[108]	9666	<p>A
[48]	9667	so-called Rayleigh damping is applied to all prognostic
[5]	9668	variables if a non-zero value is assigned to <b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>.
	9669	If switched on, variables are forced towards the value of their
	9670	respective basic states (e.g. the geostrophic wind). The intensity of
	9671	damping is controlled by the value the <b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>
	9672	is assigned to.
	9673	The damping starts weakly at a height defined by <a href="#rayleigh_damping_height">rayleigh_damping_height</a>
[48]	9674	and rises according to a sin<sup>2</sup>-function to its
	9675	maximum value
[5]	9676	at
[108]	9677	the top (ocean: bottom) boundary. </p>
	9678
	9679
[354]	9680
	9681
[108]	9682
	9683
	9684
[354]	9685
	9686
[108]	9687	<p>This method
[5]	9688	effectively damps gravity waves, caused by boundary layer convection,
	9689	which may spread out vertically in the inversion layer and which are
[108]	9690	reflected at the top (ocean: bottom)
[5]	9691	boundary. This particularly happens with the upstream-spline scheme
	9692	switched on (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>
	9693	or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>).
	9694	Therefore, with this scheme the Rayleigh damping is switched on (<b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>
[48]	9695	= <i>0.01</i>) by default. Otherwise it remains switched
[108]	9696	off.  </p>
	9697
	9698
[354]	9699
	9700
[108]	9701
	9702
	9703
[354]	9704
	9705
[108]	9706	<p>The Rayleigh damping factor must
[48]	9707	hold the condition <i>0.0</i>
[5]	9708	<= <b>rayleigh_damping_factor</b>
	9709	<= <i>1.0</i>. Large values (close to <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span>) can cause
[108]	9710	numerical instabilities.</p>
	9711
	9712
[354]	9713
	9714
[108]	9715	</td>
	9716
	9717
[354]	9718
	9719
[108]	9720	</tr>
	9721
	9722
[354]	9723
	9724
[108]	9725	<tr>
	9726
	9727
	9728
[354]	9729
	9730
[108]	9731	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9732
	9733
[354]	9734
	9735
[108]	9736	<p><a name="rayleigh_damping_height"></a><b>rayleigh_damping</b>
	9737	<br>
	9738
	9739
[354]	9740
	9741
[108]	9742	<b>_height</b></p>
	9743
	9744
[354]	9745
	9746
[108]	9747	</td>
	9748
	9749
[354]	9750
	9751
[108]	9752	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9753
	9754
[354]	9755
	9756
[108]	9757	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9758
	9759
[354]	9760
	9761
[108]	9762	<p><i>2/3 *</i>
	9763	<br>
	9764
	9765
[354]	9766
	9767
[108]	9768	<span style="font-style: italic;">zu</span><i style="font-style: italic;">(nz)</i></p>
[354]	9769
	9770
	9771
	9772
[108]	9773	<p> (ocean:<i style="font-style: italic;"> </i><i>2/3 *</i>
	9774	<i style="font-style: italic;"> zu(0)</i>)</p>
	9775
	9776
	9777
[354]	9778
	9779
[108]	9780	</td>
	9781
	9782
[354]	9783
	9784
[108]	9785	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9786
	9787
[354]	9788
	9789
[108]	9790	<p>Height above (ocean: below) which the Rayleigh damping starts (in m).  </p>
	9791
	9792
[354]	9793
	9794
[108]	9795
	9796
	9797
[354]	9798
	9799
[108]	9800	<p>With
[48]	9801	Rayleigh damping switched on (see <a href="#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>),
[5]	9802	this parameter determines the range where damping is applied. By
[108]	9803	default, Rayleigh damping will be applied in the upper (ocean: lower) third of the
[5]	9804	model
[108]	9805	domain.</p>
	9806
	9807
[354]	9808
	9809
[108]	9810	</td>
	9811
	9812
[354]	9813
	9814
[108]	9815	</tr>
	9816
	9817
[354]	9818
	9819
[108]	9820	<tr>
	9821
	9822
[354]	9823
	9824
[108]	9825	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9826
	9827
[354]	9828
	9829
[108]	9830	<p><a name="residual_limit"></a><b>residual_limit</b></p>
	9831
	9832
	9833
[354]	9834
	9835
[108]	9836	</td>
	9837
	9838
[354]	9839
	9840
[108]	9841	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9842
	9843
	9844
[354]	9845
	9846
[108]	9847	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0E-6</i></td>
	9848
	9849
	9850
[354]	9851
	9852
[108]	9853	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9854
	9855
[354]	9856
	9857
[108]	9858	<p>Largest
[48]	9859	residual permitted for the multi-grid scheme (in s<sup>-2</sup>m<sup>-3</sup>).
[108]	9860	</p>
	9861
	9862
[354]	9863
	9864
[108]	9865
	9866
	9867
[354]	9868
	9869
[108]	9870	<p>This is a parameter to steer the accuracy of the
[48]	9871	multi-grid
[5]	9872	scheme (see <a href="#psolver">psolver</a>).
	9873	The assigned cycle (v- or w-cycle, see <a href="#mg_cycles">mg_cycles</a>)
[48]	9874	is passed through until the residual falls below the limit given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">residual_limit</span>. If
	9875	this
[5]	9876	is not the case after 1000 cycles, the PALM aborts with a corresponding
[108]	9877	error message.</p>
	9878
	9879
[354]	9880
	9881
[108]	9882
	9883
	9884
[354]	9885
	9886
[108]	9887	<p>The reciprocal value of this
[48]	9888	parameter can be interpreted as
[5]	9889	a factor by the divergence of the provisional
	9890	velocity field is approximately reduced after the multi-grid scheme has
	9891	been applied (thus the default value causes a reduction of the
[108]	9892	divergence by approx. 6 orders of magnitude).  </p>
	9893
	9894
[354]	9895
	9896
[108]	9897	</td>
	9898
	9899
	9900
[354]	9901
	9902
[108]	9903	</tr>
	9904
	9905
[354]	9906
	9907
[108]	9908	<tr>
	9909
	9910
[354]	9911
	9912
[108]	9913	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9914
	9915
[354]	9916
	9917
[108]	9918	<p><a name="restart_time"></a><b>restart_time</b></p>
	9919
	9920
	9921
[354]	9922
	9923
[108]	9924	</td>
	9925
	9926
[354]	9927
	9928
[108]	9929	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	9930
	9931
	9932
[354]	9933
	9934
[108]	9935	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	9936
	9937
	9938
[354]	9939
	9940
[108]	9941	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	9942
	9943
[354]	9944
	9945
[108]	9946	<p>Simulated time
[48]	9947	after which a restart run is to be carried out
[108]	9948	(in s). </p>
	9949
	9950
[354]	9951
	9952
[108]	9953
	9954
	9955
[354]	9956
	9957
[108]	9958	<p>The simulated time refers to the
[48]	9959	beginning of the
[5]	9960	initial run (t = 0), not to the beginning of the respective
	9961	restart run. Restart runs can additionally be forced to be carried out
[108]	9962	in regular intervals using the run time parameter <a href="#dt_restart">dt_restart</a>. </p>
	9963
	9964
[354]	9965
	9966
[108]	9967
	9968
	9969
[354]	9970
	9971
[108]	9972	<p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
	9973
	9974
	9975
[354]	9976
	9977
[5]	9978	A successful operation of this parameter requires additional
	9979	modifications in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>-call
	9980	for the respective run (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
[108]	9981	3.3</a>).<br>
	9982
	9983
[354]	9984
	9985
[108]	9986	</p>
	9987
	9988
[354]	9989
	9990
[108]	9991
	9992
	9993
[354]	9994
	9995
[108]	9996	<p>The choice of <b>restart_time</b>
[48]	9997	or <b>dt_restart</b> does
[5]	9998	not override the automatic start of restart runs in case that the job
[108]	9999	runs out of CPU time. <br>
	10000
[354]	10001
	10002
[108]	10003	</p>
	10004
[354]	10005
	10006
[108]	10007
[354]	10008
	10009
[108]	10010	<p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a>
	10011	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p>
	10012
	10013
[354]	10014
	10015
[108]	10016	</td>
	10017
	10018
[354]	10019
	10020
[108]	10021	</tr>
	10022
	10023
	10024
[354]	10025
	10026
[108]	10027	<tr>
	10028
	10029
[354]	10030
	10031
[108]	10032	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10033
	10034
[354]	10035
	10036
[108]	10037	<p><a name="section_xy"></a><b>section_xy</b></p>
	10038
	10039
	10040
[354]	10041
	10042
[108]	10043	</td>
	10044
	10045
[354]	10046
	10047
[108]	10048	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
	10049
	10050
	10051
[354]	10052
	10053
[108]	10054	</td>
	10055
	10056
[354]	10057
	10058
[108]	10059	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span><br>
	10060
	10061
	10062
[354]	10063
	10064
[108]	10065	</td>
	10066
	10067
[354]	10068
	10069
[108]	10070	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10071
	10072
[354]	10073
	10074
[108]	10075	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position
[48]	10076	of cross section(s) for output of 2d horizontal cross
[108]	10077	sections (grid point index k).  </font> </p>
	10078
	10079
[354]	10080
	10081
[108]	10082
	10083
	10084
[354]	10085
	10086
[108]	10087	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output
[48]	10088	of
	10089	horizontal cross sections is selected (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
	10090	parameter can be used to
[5]	10091	define the position(s) of the cross section(s). Up to 100 positions of
	10092	cross sections can be selected by assigning <b>section_xy</b>
	10093	the
	10094	corresponding vertical grid point index/indices k of the requested
	10095	cross section(s). The exact location (height level) of the cross
	10096	section depends on the variable for which the output is made: zu(k) for
	10097	scalars and horizontal velocities, zw(k) for the vertical velocity.
	10098	Information about the exact location of the cross section is contained
	10099	in the NetCDF output file (if the default NetCDF output is switched on;
[108]	10100	see <a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>).</font></span></p>
	10101
	10102
[354]	10103
	10104
[108]	10105
	10106
[354]	10107
	10108
[108]	10109	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xy</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
[48]	10110	creates the output of horizontal cross sections averaged along z. In
	10111	the
	10112	NetCDF output file these (averaged) cross sections are given the
[108]	10113	z-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.</font></span></p>
	10114
	10115
[354]	10116
	10117
[108]	10118
	10119
[354]	10120
	10121
[108]	10122	<p><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assignments to <b>section_xy</b>
[5]	10123	does not effect the output of horizontal cross sections of variable u<sub>*</sub>
[48]	10124	and theta<sub></sub> and the liquid water path lwp. For
	10125	these quantities always only one cross
[108]	10126	section (for z=zu(1)) is output.</font></span></p>
	10127
	10128
[354]	10129
	10130
[108]	10131	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
	10132	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
[48]	10133	if several cross sections are selected (e.g. <b>section_xy</b>
	10134	= <i>1</i>, <i>10</i>, <i>15</i>),
	10135	then the respective data are
[5]	10136	successively written to file. The output order follows the order given
	10137	by <b>section_xy</b>. </font></span></td>
[108]	10138
	10139
	10140
[354]	10141
	10142
[108]	10143	</tr>
	10144
	10145
[354]	10146
	10147
[108]	10148	<tr>
	10149
	10150
[354]	10151
	10152
[108]	10153	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10154
	10155
[354]	10156
	10157
[108]	10158	<p><a name="section_xz"></a><b>section_xz</b></p>
	10159
	10160
	10161
[354]	10162
	10163
[108]	10164	</td>
	10165
	10166
[354]	10167
	10168
[108]	10169	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
	10170
	10171
	10172
[354]	10173
	10174
[108]	10175	</td>
	10176
	10177
[354]	10178
	10179
[108]	10180	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span></td>
	10181
	10182
	10183
[354]	10184
	10185
[108]	10186	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10187
	10188
[354]	10189
	10190
[108]	10191	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position of cross section(s)
[48]	10192	for output of 2d (xz) vertical cross sections (grid point
[108]	10193	index j).  </font> </p>
	10194
	10195
[354]	10196
	10197
[108]	10198	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[48]	10199	vertical xz cross sections is selected (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), this
	10200	parameter can be used to
[5]	10201	define the position(s) of the cross section(s). Up to 100 positions of
[48]	10202	cross sections can be selected by assigning <b>section_xz</b>
	10203	the
[5]	10204	corresponding horizontal grid point index/indices j of the requested
	10205	cross section(s). The exact position (in y-direction) of the cross
[48]	10206	section is given by j</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dy</font></span></a> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">or (j-0.5)</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dy</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, depending
	10207	on which grid the output quantity is defined. However, in
	10208	the NetCDF output file </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(if the
	10209	default NetCDF output is switched on; see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>)
	10210	no distinction is made between the quantities and j*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dy</span> is used for all
[108]	10211	positions.<br>
	10212
	10213
[354]	10214
	10215
[108]	10216	<br>
	10217
	10218
[354]	10219
	10220
[108]	10221	Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_xz</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
[5]	10222	creates the output of vertical cross sections averaged along y. In the
	10223	NetCDF output file these (averaged) cross sections are given the
[108]	10224	y-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.<br>
	10225
	10226
[354]	10227
	10228
[108]	10229	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><br>
	10230
	10231
[354]	10232
	10233
[108]	10234	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
	10235	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
	10236	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">if several cross sections are
[48]	10237	selected (e.g. <b>section_xz</b> = <i>0</i>, <i>12</i>,
[108]	10238	<i>27</i>),
[5]	10239	then the respective data are successively written to file. The output
	10240	order follows the order given by <b>section_xz</b>.</font></span></td>
[108]	10241
	10242
	10243
[354]	10244
	10245
[108]	10246	</tr>
	10247
	10248
[354]	10249
	10250
[108]	10251	<tr>
	10252
	10253
[354]	10254
	10255
[108]	10256	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10257
	10258
[354]	10259
	10260
[108]	10261	<p><a name="section_yz"></a><b>section_yz</b></p>
	10262
	10263
	10264
[354]	10265
	10266
[108]	10267	</td>
	10268
	10269
[354]	10270
	10271
[108]	10272	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)<br>
	10273
	10274
	10275
[354]	10276
	10277
[108]	10278	</td>
	10279
	10280
[354]	10281
	10282
[108]	10283	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no section</span></td>
	10284
	10285
	10286
[354]	10287
	10288
[108]	10289	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10290
	10291
[354]	10292
	10293
[108]	10294	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Position of cross section(s)
[48]	10295	for output of 2d (yz) vertical cross sections (grid point
[108]	10296	index i).  </font> </p>
	10297
	10298
[354]	10299
	10300
[108]	10301	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[5]	10302	vertical yz cross sections is selected (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">),
	10303	this parameter can be used to define the position(s) of the cross
	10304	section(s). Up to 100 positions of cross sections can be selected by
[48]	10305	assigning <b>section_yz</b> the corresponding horizontal
	10306	grid point
[5]	10307	index/indices i of the requested cross section(s). The exact position
[48]	10308	(in x-direction) of the cross section is given by i</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dx</font></span></a> <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">or (i-0.5)</font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, depending
	10309	on which grid the output quantity is defined. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">However, in
	10310	the NetCDF output file </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">(if the
	10311	default NetCDF output is switched on; see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>)
	10312	no distinction is made between the quantities and i*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dx</span> is used for all
[108]	10313	positions.<br>
	10314
	10315
[354]	10316
	10317
[108]	10318	<br>
	10319
	10320
[354]	10321
	10322
[108]	10323	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">section_yz</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-1</span>
[5]	10324	creates the output of vertical cross sections averaged along x. In the
[48]	10325	NetCDF output file these (averaged) cross sections are given the
[108]	10326	x-coordinate <span style="font-style: italic;">-1.0</span>.</font></span><br>
	10327
	10328
[354]	10329
	10330
[108]	10331	<span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"> <br>
	10332
	10333
[354]	10334
	10335
[108]	10336	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> =
	10337	<span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span> and
	10338	</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">if several cross sections are
[48]	10339	selected (e.g. <b>section_yz</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">27</span>, 19), then the
[5]	10340	respective data are successively written to file. The output order
	10341	follows the order given by <b>section_yz</b>.</font></span></td>
[108]	10342
	10343
	10344
[354]	10345
	10346
[108]	10347	</tr>
	10348
	10349
[354]	10350
	10351
[108]	10352	<tr>
	10353
	10354
[354]	10355
	10356
[108]	10357	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_data_output"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span><br>
	10358
	10359
	10360
[354]	10361
	10362
[108]	10363	</td>
	10364
	10365
[354]	10366
	10367
[108]	10368	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10369
	10370
[354]	10371
	10372
[108]	10373	</td>
	10374
	10375
	10376
[354]	10377
	10378
[108]	10379	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br>
	10380
	10381
[354]	10382
	10383
[108]	10384	</td>
	10385
	10386
	10387
[354]	10388
	10389
[108]	10390	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No data output before
	10391	this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	10392
	10393
[354]	10394
	10395
[108]	10396	<br>
	10397
	10398
[354]	10399
	10400
[108]	10401	This
[48]	10402	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10403	this interval
	10404	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. By
	10405	default, this
[5]	10406	applies for output of instantaneous 3d volume data, cross section data,
	10407	spectra and vertical profile data as well as for temporally averaged 2d
[108]	10408	and 3d data. Individual intervals can be assigned using parameters <a href="#skip_time_do3d">skip_time_do3d</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xy">skip_time_do2d_xy</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_xz">skip_time_do2d_xz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_do2d_yz">skip_time_do2d_yz</a>, <a href="#skip_time_dosp">skip_time_dosp</a>, <a href="#skip_time_dopr">skip_time_dopr</a>, and <a href="#skip_time_data_output_av">skip_time_data_output_av</a>.<br>
	10409
	10410
[354]	10411
	10412
[108]	10413	<br>
	10414
	10415
[354]	10416
	10417
[108]	10418	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10419
	10420
[354]	10421
	10422
[108]	10423	If
[48]	10424	the user has set <a href="#dt_data_output">dt_data_output</a>
	10425	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10426	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output</span>
	10427	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10428	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s.<br>
	10429
	10430
[354]	10431
	10432
[108]	10433	</td>
	10434
	10435
	10436
[354]	10437
	10438
[108]	10439	</tr>
	10440
	10441
[354]	10442
	10443
[108]	10444	<tr>
	10445
	10446
[354]	10447
	10448
[108]	10449	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_data_output_av"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span></td>
	10450
	10451
[354]	10452
	10453
[108]	10454	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	10455
	10456
[354]	10457
	10458
[108]	10459	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10460
	10461
[354]	10462
	10463
[108]	10464	data_output</a></span></td>
	10465
	10466
[354]	10467
	10468
[108]	10469	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of temporally
	10470	averaged 2d/3d data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	10471
	10472
[354]	10473
	10474
[108]	10475	<br>
	10476
	10477
[354]	10478
	10479
[108]	10480	This
[48]	10481	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10482	this interval
[108]	10483	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10484
	10485
[354]	10486
	10487
[108]	10488	<br>
	10489
	10490
[354]	10491
	10492
[108]	10493	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10494
	10495
[354]	10496
	10497
[108]	10498	If
[48]	10499	the user has set <a href="#dt_data_output_av">dt_data_output_av</a>
	10500	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10501	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_data_output_av</span>
	10502	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10503	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s.</td>
	10504
	10505
[354]	10506
	10507
[108]	10508	</tr>
	10509
	10510
[354]	10511
	10512
[108]	10513	<tr>
	10514
	10515
	10516
[354]	10517
	10518
[108]	10519	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_dopr"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span><br>
	10520
	10521
	10522
[354]	10523
	10524
[108]	10525	</td>
	10526
	10527
[354]	10528
	10529
[108]	10530	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10531
	10532
[354]	10533
	10534
[108]	10535	</td>
	10536
	10537
	10538
[354]	10539
	10540
[108]	10541	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10542
	10543
[354]	10544
	10545
[108]	10546	data_output</a></span>
	10547	</td>
	10548
	10549
[354]	10550
	10551
[108]	10552	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
	10553	vertical profile data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	10554
	10555
[354]	10556
	10557
[108]	10558	<br>
	10559
	10560
[354]	10561
	10562
[108]	10563	This
[48]	10564	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10565	this interval
[108]	10566	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10567
	10568
[354]	10569
	10570
[108]	10571	<br>
	10572
	10573
[354]	10574
	10575
[108]	10576	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10577
	10578
[354]	10579
	10580
[108]	10581	If
[48]	10582	the user has set <a href="#dt_dopr">dt_dopr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dopr</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>, then the
[108]	10583	first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10584
	10585
[354]	10586
	10587
[108]	10588	</tr>
	10589
	10590
[354]	10591
	10592
[108]	10593	<tr>
	10594
	10595
	10596
[354]	10597
	10598
[108]	10599	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_xy"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span><br>
	10600
	10601
	10602
[354]	10603
	10604
[108]	10605	</td>
	10606
	10607
[354]	10608
	10609
[108]	10610	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10611
	10612
[354]	10613
	10614
[108]	10615	</td>
	10616
	10617
	10618
[354]	10619
	10620
[108]	10621	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10622
	10623
[354]	10624
	10625
[108]	10626	data_output</a></span>
	10627	</td>
	10628
	10629
[354]	10630
	10631
[108]	10632	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
[48]	10633	instantaneous horizontal cross section data before this interval has
[108]	10634	passed (in s).<br>
	10635
	10636
[354]	10637
	10638
[108]	10639	<br>
	10640
	10641
[354]	10642
	10643
[108]	10644	This
[48]	10645	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10646	this interval
[108]	10647	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10648
	10649
[354]	10650
	10651
[108]	10652	<br>
	10653
	10654
[354]	10655
	10656
[108]	10657	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10658
	10659
[354]	10660
	10661
[108]	10662	If
[48]	10663	the user has set <a href="#dt_do2d_xy">dt_do2d_xy</a>
	10664	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10665	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xy</span>
	10666	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10667	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10668
	10669
[354]	10670
	10671
[108]	10672	</tr>
	10673
	10674
	10675
[354]	10676
	10677
[108]	10678	<tr>
	10679
	10680
[354]	10681
	10682
[108]	10683	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_xz"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span><br>
	10684
	10685
	10686
[354]	10687
	10688
[108]	10689	</td>
	10690
	10691
[354]	10692
	10693
[108]	10694	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10695
	10696
[354]	10697
	10698
[108]	10699	</td>
	10700
	10701
	10702
[354]	10703
	10704
[108]	10705	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10706
	10707
[354]	10708
	10709
[108]	10710	data_output</a></span>
	10711	</td>
	10712
	10713
[354]	10714
	10715
[108]	10716	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
[48]	10717	instantaneous vertical (xz) cross section data before this interval has
[108]	10718	passed (in s).<br>
	10719
	10720
[354]	10721
	10722
[108]	10723	<br>
	10724
	10725
[354]	10726
	10727
[108]	10728	This
[48]	10729	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10730	this interval
[108]	10731	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10732
	10733
[354]	10734
	10735
[108]	10736	<br>
	10737
	10738
[354]	10739
	10740
[108]	10741	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10742
	10743
[354]	10744
	10745
[108]	10746	If
[48]	10747	the user has set <a href="#dt_do2d_xz">dt_do2d_xz</a>
	10748	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10749	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_xz</span>
	10750	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10751	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10752
	10753
[354]	10754
	10755
[108]	10756	</tr>
	10757
	10758
	10759
[354]	10760
	10761
[108]	10762	<tr>
	10763
	10764
[354]	10765
	10766
[108]	10767	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do2d_yz"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span><br>
	10768
	10769
	10770
[354]	10771
	10772
[108]	10773	</td>
	10774
	10775
[354]	10776
	10777
[108]	10778	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10779
	10780
[354]	10781
	10782
[108]	10783	</td>
	10784
	10785
	10786
[354]	10787
	10788
[108]	10789	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10790
	10791
[354]	10792
	10793
[108]	10794	data_output</a></span>
	10795	</td>
	10796
	10797
[354]	10798
	10799
[108]	10800	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
[48]	10801	instantaneous vertical (yz) cross section data before this interval has
[108]	10802	passed (in s).<br>
	10803
	10804
[354]	10805
	10806
[108]	10807	<br>
	10808
	10809
[354]	10810
	10811
[108]	10812	This
[48]	10813	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10814	this interval
[108]	10815	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10816
	10817
[354]	10818
	10819
[108]	10820	<br>
	10821
	10822
[354]	10823
	10824
[108]	10825	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10826
	10827
[354]	10828
	10829
[108]	10830	If
[48]	10831	the user has set <a href="#dt_do2d_yz">dt_do2d_yz</a>
	10832	= <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span>
	10833	and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do2d_yz</span>
	10834	= <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>,
[108]	10835	then the first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10836
	10837
[354]	10838
	10839
[108]	10840	</tr>
	10841
	10842
	10843
[354]	10844
	10845
[108]	10846	<tr>
	10847
	10848
[354]	10849
	10850
[108]	10851	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_do3d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span><br>
	10852
	10853
	10854
[354]	10855
	10856
[108]	10857	</td>
	10858
	10859
[354]	10860
	10861
[108]	10862	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10863
	10864
[354]	10865
	10866
[108]	10867	</td>
	10868
	10869
	10870
[354]	10871
	10872
[108]	10873	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	10874
	10875
[354]	10876
	10877
[108]	10878	data_output</a></span>
	10879	</td>
	10880
	10881
[354]	10882
	10883
[108]	10884	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
	10885	instantaneous 3d volume data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	10886
	10887
[354]	10888
	10889
[108]	10890	<br>
	10891
	10892
[354]	10893
	10894
[108]	10895	This
[48]	10896	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	10897	this interval
[108]	10898	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	10899
	10900
[354]	10901
	10902
[108]	10903	<br>
	10904
	10905
[354]	10906
	10907
[108]	10908	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	10909
	10910
[354]	10911
	10912
[108]	10913	If
[48]	10914	the user has set <a href="#dt_do3d">dt_do3d</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_do3d</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>, then the
[108]	10915	first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	10916
	10917
[354]	10918
	10919
[108]	10920	</tr>
	10921
	10922
	10923
[354]	10924
	10925
[108]	10926	<tr>
	10927
	10928
[354]	10929
	10930
[108]	10931	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10932
	10933
[354]	10934
	10935
[108]	10936	<p><a name="termination_time_needed"></a><b>termination_time</b>
	10937	<br>
	10938
	10939
[354]	10940
	10941
[108]	10942	<b>_needed</b></p>
	10943
	10944
[354]	10945
	10946
[108]	10947	</td>
	10948
	10949
[354]	10950
	10951
[108]	10952	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	10953
	10954
[354]	10955
	10956
[108]	10957	</td>
	10958
	10959
[354]	10960
	10961
[108]	10962	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">35.0</span><br>
	10963
	10964
[354]	10965
	10966
[108]	10967	</td>
	10968
	10969
	10970
[354]	10971
	10972
[108]	10973	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	10974
	10975
[354]	10976
	10977
[108]	10978	<p>CPU time
[48]	10979	needed for terminal actions at the end of a run in
[108]	10980	batch mode (in s).<br>
	10981
	10982
[354]	10983
	10984
[108]	10985	</p>
	10986
	10987
[354]	10988
	10989
[108]	10990
	10991
	10992
[354]	10993
	10994
[108]	10995	<p>If the environment
[48]	10996	variable <b>write_binary </b>is
[5]	10997	set <i>true</i> (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
[48]	10998	3.3</a>), PALM checks the remaining CPU time of the job after
	10999	each
[5]	11000	timestep. Time integration must not consume the CPU time completely,
	11001	since several actions still have to be carried out after time
	11002	integration has finished (e.g. writing of binary data for the restart
	11003	run, carrying out output commands, copying of local files to their
	11004	permanent destinations, etc.) which also takes some time. The maximum
	11005	possible time needed for these activities plus a reserve is to be given
[48]	11006	with the parameter <b>termination_time_needed</b>. Among
	11007	other things,
[5]	11008	it depends on
	11009	the number of grid points used. If its value is selected too small,
	11010	then the
	11011	respective job will be prematurely aborted by the queuing system, which
	11012	may result in a data loss and will possibly interrupt the job chain.<br>
[108]	11013
	11014
	11015
[354]	11016
	11017
[108]	11018	</p>
	11019
	11020
[354]	11021
	11022
[108]	11023
	11024
	11025
[354]	11026
	11027
[108]	11028	<p>An abort happens in any way, if the environment
[48]	11029	variable <span style="font-weight: bold;">write_binary</span>
	11030	is not set to <span style="font-style: italic;">true</span>
	11031	and if moreover the job has
	11032	been assigned an insufficient CPU time by <b>mrun</b>
	11033	option <tt><tt>-t</tt></tt>. <i><br>
[108]	11034
	11035
	11036
[354]	11037
	11038
[108]	11039	</i> </p>
	11040
	11041
[354]	11042
	11043
[108]	11044
	11045
	11046
[354]	11047
	11048
[108]	11049	<p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
	11050
	11051
	11052
[354]	11053
	11054
[48]	11055	On the IBM computers of the HLRN the time used by the job <span style="font-weight: bold;">before</span> the start of
	11056	PALM
[5]	11057	have also to be accounted for (e.g. for
[108]	11058	compilation and copying of input files).</p>
	11059
	11060
[354]	11061
	11062
[108]	11063	</td>
	11064
	11065
[354]	11066
	11067
[108]	11068	</tr>
	11069
	11070
	11071
[354]	11072
	11073
[108]	11074	<tr>
	11075
	11076
[354]	11077
	11078
[108]	11079	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11080
	11081
[354]	11082
	11083
[108]	11084	<p><a name="use_prior_plot1d_parameters"></a><b>use_prior_plot1d</b>
	11085	<br>
	11086
	11087
[354]	11088
	11089
[108]	11090	<b>_parameters</b></p>
	11091
	11092
[354]	11093
	11094
[108]	11095	</td>
	11096
	11097
[354]	11098
	11099
[108]	11100	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td>
	11101
	11102
[354]	11103
	11104
[108]	11105	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td>
	11106
	11107
	11108
[354]	11109
	11110
[108]	11111	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11112
	11113
[354]	11114
	11115
[108]	11116	<p>Additional
[48]	11117	plot of vertical profile data with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
	11118	from preceding runs of the
[108]	11119	job chain.  </p>
	11120
	11121
[354]	11122
	11123
[108]	11124
	11125
	11126
[354]	11127
	11128
[108]	11129	<p>This parameter only applies
[48]	11130	for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	11131	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	11132
	11133
[354]	11134
	11135
[108]	11136
	11137
[354]	11138
	11139
[108]	11140	<p>By
[48]	11141	default, plots of horizontally averaged vertical profiles
[5]	11142	(see <a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	11143	only contain profiles of data produced by the model
	11144	run. If profiles of prior times (i.e. data of preceding jobs of a
	11145	job chain) shall be plotted additionally (e.g. for comparison
[48]	11146	purposes), <b>use_prior_plot1d_parameters</b> = <i>.T</i>.
	11147	must be
[108]	11148	set.<br>
	11149
	11150
[354]	11151
	11152
[108]	11153	</p>
	11154
	11155
[354]	11156
	11157
[108]	11158
	11159
	11160
[354]	11161
	11162
[108]	11163	<p>For further explanation see <a href="chapter_4.5.2.html">chapter
	11164	4.5.2</a>.</p>
	11165
	11166
[354]	11167
	11168
[108]	11169	</td>
	11170
	11171
[354]	11172
	11173
[108]	11174	</tr>
	11175
	11176
[354]	11177
	11178
[108]	11179	<tr>
	11180
	11181
[354]	11182
	11183
[108]	11184	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11185
	11186
[354]	11187
	11188
[108]	11189	<p><a name="z_max_do1d"></a><b>z_max_do1d</b></p>
	11190
	11191
	11192
[354]	11193
	11194
[108]	11195	</td>
	11196
	11197
[354]	11198
	11199
[108]	11200	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	11201
	11202
	11203
[354]	11204
	11205
[108]	11206	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>zu(nzt+1) (model
	11207	top)</i></td>
	11208
	11209
[354]	11210
	11211
[108]	11212	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11213
	11214
[354]	11215
	11216
[108]	11217	<p>Height level up to which horizontally averaged profiles are to
[5]	11218	be
[48]	11219	plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
	11220	(in
[108]	11221	m).  </p>
	11222
	11223
[354]	11224
	11225
[108]	11226
	11227
	11228
[354]	11229
	11230
[108]	11231	<p>This parameter only applies for
[48]	11232	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	11233	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	11234
	11235
[354]	11236
	11237
[108]	11238
	11239
[354]	11240
	11241
[108]	11242	<p>It
[48]	11243	affects plots of horizontally averaged profiles
[5]	11244	(<a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	11245	when plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
	11246	By default, profiles are plotted up to the top boundary. The height
[48]	11247	level up to which profiles are plotted can be decreased by assigning <span style="font-weight: bold;">z_max_do1d</span> a smaller
	11248	value.
	11249	Nevertheless, <span style="font-weight: bold;">all</span>
	11250	vertical
[5]	11251	grid points (0 <= k <= nz+1) are still output to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>.</p>
[108]	11252
	11253
	11254
[354]	11255
	11256
[108]	11257
	11258
[354]	11259
	11260
[108]	11261	<p>If a normalization for the vertical axis was selected (see <a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>), <b>z_max_do1d</b>
[5]	11262	has no effect. Instead, <a href="#z_max_do1d_normalized">z_max_do1d_normalized</a>
[108]	11263	must be used.</p>
	11264
	11265
[354]	11266
	11267
[108]	11268	</td>
	11269
	11270
[354]	11271
	11272
[108]	11273	</tr>
	11274
	11275
[354]	11276
	11277
[108]	11278	<tr>
	11279
	11280
[354]	11281
	11282
[108]	11283	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11284
	11285
[354]	11286
	11287
[108]	11288	<p><a name="z_max_do1d_normalized"></a><b>z_max_do1d</b>
	11289	<br>
	11290
	11291
[354]	11292
	11293
[108]	11294	<b>_normalized</b></p>
	11295
	11296
[354]	11297
	11298
[108]	11299	</td>
	11300
	11301
[354]	11302
	11303
[108]	11304	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	11305
	11306
[354]	11307
	11308
[108]	11309	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>determined by plot</i>
	11310	<br>
	11311
	11312
[354]	11313
	11314
[108]	11315	<i>data</i> <br>
	11316
	11317
[354]	11318
	11319
[108]	11320	</td>
	11321
	11322
[354]	11323
	11324
[108]	11325	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11326
	11327
[354]	11328
	11329
[108]	11330	<p>Normalized height
[48]	11331	level up to which horizontally averaged
[5]	11332	profiles are to be plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
[108]	11333	</p>
	11334
	11335
[354]	11336
	11337
[108]	11338
	11339
	11340
[354]	11341
	11342
[108]	11343	<p>This parameter only applies for  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	11344	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>.</p>
	11345
	11346
[354]	11347
	11348
[108]	11349
	11350
[354]	11351
	11352
[108]	11353	<p>It
[48]	11354	affects plots of horizontally averaged profiles
[5]	11355	(<a href="#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
	11356	when plotted with the plot software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>,
	11357	if a normalization for the vertical axis is selected
	11358	(see <a href="#cross_normalized_y">cross_normalized_y</a>).
	11359	If e.g. the boundary layer height is used for normalization, then <b>z_max_do1d_normalized</b>
[48]	11360	= <i>1.5</i> means that all profiles up to the height
	11361	level of z =
[108]	11362	1.5* z<sub>i </sub>are plotted.</p>
	11363
	11364
[354]	11365
	11366
[108]	11367	</td>
	11368
	11369
[354]	11370
	11371
[108]	11372	</tr>
	11373
	11374
	11375
[354]	11376
	11377
[108]	11378	<tr>
	11379
	11380
[354]	11381
	11382
[108]	11383	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11384
	11385
[354]	11386
	11387
[108]	11388	<p><a name="z_max_do2d"></a><b>z_max_do2d</b></p>
	11389
	11390
	11391
[354]	11392
	11393
[108]	11394	</td>
	11395
	11396
[354]	11397
	11398
[108]	11399	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	11400
	11401
[354]	11402
	11403
[108]	11404	</td>
	11405
	11406
	11407
[354]	11408
	11409
[108]	11410	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz)</span><br>
	11411
	11412
[354]	11413
	11414
[108]	11415	</td>
	11416
	11417
	11418
[354]	11419
	11420
[108]	11421	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11422
	11423
[354]	11424
	11425
[108]	11426	<p>Height level
[48]	11427	up to which 2d cross sections are to be plotted
[5]	11428	with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
[108]	11429	(in m).  </p>
	11430
	11431
[354]	11432
	11433
[108]	11434
	11435
	11436
[354]	11437
	11438
[108]	11439	<p>This parameter only applies for
[48]	11440	<a href="#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
[108]	11441	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'iso2d'</span>.</p>
	11442
	11443
[354]	11444
	11445
[108]	11446
	11447
[354]	11448
	11449
[108]	11450	<p>It
[48]	11451	affects plots of  2d vertical cross
[5]	11452	sections (<a href="#data_output">data_output</a>)
[48]	11453	when plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>.
	11454	By
	11455	default, vertical sections are plotted up to the top boundary. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>In contrast, with <b>z_max_do2d
[108]	11456	</b>the
[5]	11457	visualization within
[48]	11458	the plot can be limited to a certain height level (0 <= z
	11459	<= <b>z_max_do2d</b>).
	11460	Nevertheless, <span style="font-weight: bold;">all</span>
	11461	grid points
[5]	11462	of the complete cross section are still output to the local files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ">PLOT2D_XZ</a>
	11463	or <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ">PLOT2D_YZ</a>.
	11464	The level up to which the section is visualized can later be changed by
	11465	manually editing the
	11466	file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL</a>
	11467	or <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL</a>
	11468	(the respective <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>-parameter
	11469	is <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html#YRIGHT">yright</a>).</p>
[108]	11470
	11471
	11472
[354]	11473
	11474
[108]	11475	</td>
	11476
	11477
[354]	11478
	11479
[108]	11480	</tr>
	11481
	11482
[354]	11483
	11484
[108]	11485
	11486
	11487
[354]	11488
	11489
[108]	11490	</tbody>
	11491	</table>
	11492
	11493
[354]	11494
	11495
[108]	11496	<br>
	11497
	11498
	11499
[354]	11500
	11501
[108]	11502	<br>
	11503
	11504
[354]	11505
	11506
[108]	11507	<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="particle_parameters"></a>Particle
[5]	11508	parameters: </h3>
[108]	11509
	11510
	11511
[354]	11512
	11513
[102]	11514	<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>NAMELIST group name: <span style="font-weight: bold;">particles_par<br>
[108]	11515
	11516
	11517
[354]	11518
	11519
[108]	11520	</span>
	11521	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	11522
	11523
[354]	11524
	11525
[108]	11526	<tbody>
	11527
	11528
[354]	11529
	11530
[108]	11531	<tr>
	11532
	11533
	11534
[354]	11535
	11536
[108]	11537	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
[61]	11538	name</b></font></td>
[108]	11539
	11540
	11541
[354]	11542
	11543
[108]	11544	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
	11545
	11546
	11547
[354]	11548
	11549
[108]	11550	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11551
	11552
[354]	11553
	11554
[108]	11555	<p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
	11556
	11557
[354]	11558
	11559
[108]	11560	<b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
	11561
	11562
[354]	11563
	11564
[108]	11565	</td>
	11566
	11567
	11568
[354]	11569
	11570
[108]	11571	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11572
	11573
[354]	11574
	11575
[108]	11576	<p><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></p>
	11577
	11578
	11579
[354]	11580
	11581
[108]	11582	</td>
	11583
	11584
[354]	11585
	11586
[108]	11587	</tr>
	11588
	11589
[354]	11590
	11591
[108]	11592	<tr>
	11593
	11594
[354]	11595
	11596
[108]	11597	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11598
	11599
[354]	11600
	11601
[108]	11602	<p><a name="dt_prel"></a><b>dt_prel</b></p>
	11603
	11604
	11605
[354]	11606
	11607
[108]	11608	</td>
	11609
	11610
[354]	11611
	11612
[108]	11613	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	11614
	11615
	11616
[354]	11617
	11618
[108]	11619	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	11620
	11621
	11622
[354]	11623
	11624
[108]	11625	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11626
	11627
[354]	11628
	11629
[108]	11630	<p><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">Temporal
[5]	11631	interval at
[48]	11632	which particles are to be released <span lang="en-GB">from
	11633	a particle
	11634	source </span>(</span></font>in <font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">s).</span>
[108]	11635	</font> </p>
	11636
	11637
[354]	11638
	11639
[108]	11640
	11641
	11642
[354]	11643
	11644
[108]	11645	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">By default
[5]	11646	particles are released only at the beginning of a simulation
	11647	(t_init=0). The time of the first release (t_init) can be changed with
	11648	package parameter </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><font><a href="#particle_advection_start"><font face="Thorndale, serif">particle_advection_start</font></a>.
[108]	11649	</font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The time of the last release can be
[48]	11650	set with the package parameter <a href="#end_time_prel">end_time_prel</a>.
	11651	If <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_prel</span>
	11652	has been set, additional
[5]	11653	releases will be at t = t_init+<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_prel</span>,
[48]	11654	t_init+2*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_prel</span>,
	11655	t_init+3*<span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_prel</span>,
	11656	etc.. Actual release times
	11657	may slightly deviate from thesel values (</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">see
	11658	e.g. </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">).</font></span></p>
[108]	11659
	11660
	11661
[354]	11662
	11663
[108]	11664
	11665
[354]	11666
	11667
[108]	11668	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> The domain
[48]	11669	of the particle <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">source </font></span>as
	11670	well as the distance of  released particles
	11671	within this source </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">are determined via package
	11672	parameters </font></span><a href="#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
[108]	11673	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
	11674	</font></span><a href="#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> By
[48]	11675	default, one particle is released at all points defined by these
	11676	parameters. The package parameter <a href="#particles_per_point">particles_per_point</a>
	11677	can be used to start more than one particle per point.<br>
[108]	11678
	11679
	11680
[354]	11681
	11682
[108]	11683	</font></span></p>
	11684
	11685
[354]	11686
	11687
[108]	11688
	11689
	11690
[354]	11691
	11692
[108]	11693	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Up to 10
[48]	11694	different groups of particles can be released at the same time (see </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">number_of_particle_groups</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">)
	11695	where each group may have a different source. All particles belonging
	11696	to one group have the same density ratio and the same radius. All other
	11697	particle features (e.g. location of the source) are
[108]	11698	identical for all groups of particles.</font></span></p>
	11699
	11700
[354]	11701
	11702
[108]	11703	Subgrid
[5]	11704	scale velocities can (optionally) be included for calculating the
	11705	particle advection, using the method of Weil et al. (2004, JAS, 61,
	11706	2877-2887). This method is switched on by the package
[48]	11707	parameter <a href="#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>.
	11708	This also forces the Euler/upstream method to be used for time
	11709	advancement of the TKE (see initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>).
	11710	The minimum timestep during the sub-timesteps is controlled by package
[108]	11711	parameter <a href="#dt_min_part">dt_min_part</a>.
	11712
	11713
[354]	11714
	11715
[108]	11716	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">By
[5]	11717	default, particles are weightless and transported passively with the
	11718	resolved scale flow. Particles can be given a mass and thus an inertia
	11719	by assigning the
[48]	11720	package parameter </font></span><a href="#density_ratio"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">density_ratio</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> a
	11721	non-zero value (it
[5]	11722	defines the ratio of the density of the fluid and the density of the
	11723	particles). In these cases their </font></span><a href="#radius"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">radius</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">
	11724	must also be defined, which affects their flow resistance. </font></span><a href="#diameter"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span> </p>
[108]	11725
	11726
	11727
[354]	11728
	11729
[108]	11730
	11731
[354]	11732
	11733
[108]	11734	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Boundary
[5]	11735	conditions for the particle transport can be defined with package
	11736	parameters </font></span><a href="#bc_par_t"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_t</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="#bc_par_lr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_lr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="bc_par_ns"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_ns</font></span></a>
[108]	11737	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
	11738	</font></span><a href="#bc_par_b"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">bc_par_b</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span></p>
	11739
	11740
[354]	11741
	11742
[108]	11743	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Timeseries
[48]	11744	of particle quantities in NetCDF format can be output to local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF</a>
[108]	11745	by using package parameter <a href="#dt_dopts">dt_dopts</a>.<br>
	11746
	11747
[354]	11748
	11749
[108]	11750	</font></span>
	11751
	11752
[354]	11753
	11754
[108]	11755	<p>For
[48]	11756	analysis, additional output of
[5]	11757	particle
	11758	information in equidistant temporal intervals can be carried out using <a href="#dt_write_particle_data">dt_write_particle_data</a>
	11759	(file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_DATA</a>).<br>
[108]	11760
	11761
	11762
[354]	11763
	11764
[108]	11765	</p>
	11766
	11767
[354]	11768
	11769
[108]	11770
	11771
	11772
[354]	11773
	11774
[108]	11775	<p><span style="font-family: thorndale,serif;">Statistical
[5]	11776	informations</span> (e.g. the total number of particles used, the
	11777	number of particles exchanged between the PEs, etc.) are output to the
	11778	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_INFOS</a>,
	11779	if switched on by the parameter <a href="#write_particle_statistics">write_particle_statistics</a>.
[108]	11780	<br>
	11781
	11782
[354]	11783
	11784
[108]	11785	</p>
	11786
	11787
[354]	11788
	11789
[108]	11790
	11791
	11792
[354]	11793
	11794
[108]	11795	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">If a job
[5]	11796	chain is to be carried out, particle
[48]	11797	informations </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">for the restart run (e.g. current
	11798	location of
[5]	11799	all
	11800	particles at the end of the
	11801	run) is output to
[48]	11802	the local file</font></span> <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></font><a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT</a><font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></font>,
[108]	11803	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">which
[48]	11804	must be saved at the
	11805	end of the run <tt><span lang="en-GB"></span></tt>and
	11806	given as an
[5]	11807	input file to the restart run
	11808	under local file name</font></span> <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>
[48]	11809	u<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">sing
	11810	respective file
[5]	11811	connection statements in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
[108]	11812	configuration file. </font></span> <span lang="en-GB"></span></p>
	11813
	11814
[354]	11815
	11816
[108]	11817
	11818
[354]	11819
	11820
[108]	11821	<p><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">The output of
[48]	11822	particles for visualization with the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> is steered by
	11823	the package
	11824	parameter </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dvrp"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">dt_dvrp</font></span></a><font face="Thorndale, serif"><span lang="en-GB">.
	11825	For visualization
[5]	11826	purposes particles can be given a
[266]	11827	diameter using the parameters <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dvrp_psize">dvrp_psize</a>
	11828	and <a href="#particle_dvrpsize">particle_dvrpsize</a> (this diameter only affects the visualization). All particles have the
[5]	11829	same size. Alternatively, particles can be given an individual size and
[48]	11830	a </span>color <span lang="en-GB">by modifying the
	11831	user-interface (subroutine</span></font> <span style="font-family: monospace;">user_init_particles</span>)<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.
	11832	Particles can pull a
[493]	11833	“tail” behind themselves to improve their
[48]	11834	visualization.
[108]	11835	This is steered via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_particle_tails">use_particle_tails</a>.</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_tailpoints"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></p>
	11836
	11837
[354]	11838
	11839
[108]	11840	<span lang="en-GB"></span>
	11841
	11842
[354]	11843
	11844
[108]	11845	<p><b>So far, the
[48]	11846	particle transport realized in PALM does only
[5]	11847	work
[108]	11848	duly in case of a constant vertical grid spacing!</b></p>
	11849
	11850
[354]	11851
	11852
[108]	11853	</td>
	11854
	11855
	11856
[354]	11857
	11858
[108]	11859	</tr>
	11860
	11861
[354]	11862
	11863
[108]	11864	<tr>
	11865
	11866
[354]	11867
	11868
[108]	11869	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11870
	11871
[354]	11872
	11873
[108]	11874	<p><a name="bc_par_b"></a><b>bc_par_b</b></p>
	11875
	11876
	11877
[354]	11878
	11879
[108]	11880	</td>
	11881
	11882
[354]	11883
	11884
[108]	11885	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
	11886
	11887
	11888
[354]	11889
	11890
[555]	11891	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>ï¿œreflectï¿œ</i></td>
[108]	11892
	11893
	11894
[354]	11895
	11896
[108]	11897	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11898
	11899
[354]	11900
	11901
[108]	11902	<p>Bottom
	11903	boundary condition for particle transport. </p>
	11904
	11905
[354]	11906
	11907
[108]	11908
	11909
	11910
[354]	11911
	11912
[108]	11913	<p>By
[48]	11914	default, particles are reflected at the bottom boundary.
[5]	11915	Alternatively, a particle absorption can set by <b>bc_par_b</b>
[555]	11916	= <i>ï¿œabsorbï¿œ</i>.</p>
[108]	11917
	11918
[354]	11919
	11920
[108]	11921	</td>
	11922
	11923
	11924
[354]	11925
	11926
[108]	11927	</tr>
	11928
	11929
[354]	11930
	11931
[108]	11932	<tr>
	11933
	11934
[354]	11935
	11936
[108]	11937	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11938
	11939
[354]	11940
	11941
[108]	11942	<p><a name="bc_par_lr"></a><b>bc_par_lr</b></p>
	11943
	11944
	11945
[354]	11946
	11947
[108]	11948	</td>
	11949
	11950
[354]	11951
	11952
[108]	11953	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
	11954
	11955
	11956
[354]	11957
	11958
[555]	11959	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>ï¿œcyclicï¿œ</i></td>
[108]	11960
	11961
	11962
[354]	11963
	11964
[108]	11965	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	11966
	11967
[354]	11968
	11969
[108]	11970	<p>Lateral
[48]	11971	boundary condition (x-direction) for particle
[108]	11972	transport. </p>
	11973
	11974
[354]	11975
	11976
[108]	11977
	11978
	11979
[354]	11980
	11981
[108]	11982	<p>By default, cyclic boundary conditions
[48]	11983	are used along x.
[5]	11984	Alternatively, reflection (<b>bc_par_lr</b>
[555]	11985	= <i>ï¿œreflectï¿œ</i>) or absorption (<b>bc_par_lr</b>
	11986	= <i>ï¿œabsorbï¿œ</i>)
[108]	11987	can be set. <br>
	11988
	11989
[354]	11990
	11991
[108]	11992	</p>
	11993
	11994
[354]	11995
	11996
[108]	11997
	11998
	11999
[354]	12000
	12001
[108]	12002	<p>This lateral boundary
[48]	12003	conditions should correspond to the
[108]	12004	lateral boundary condition used for the flow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).</p>
	12005
	12006
[354]	12007
	12008
[108]	12009	</td>
	12010
	12011
	12012
[354]	12013
	12014
[108]	12015	</tr>
	12016
	12017
[354]	12018
	12019
[108]	12020	<tr>
	12021
	12022
[354]	12023
	12024
[108]	12025	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12026
	12027
[354]	12028
	12029
[108]	12030	<p><a name="bc_par_ns"></a><b>bc_par_ns</b></p>
	12031
	12032
	12033
[354]	12034
	12035
[108]	12036	</td>
	12037
	12038
[354]	12039
	12040
[108]	12041	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
	12042
	12043
	12044
[354]	12045
	12046
[555]	12047	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>ï¿œcyclicï¿œ</i></td>
[108]	12048
	12049
	12050
[354]	12051
	12052
[108]	12053	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12054
	12055
[354]	12056
	12057
[108]	12058	<p>Lateral
[48]	12059	boundary condition (y-direction) for particle
[108]	12060	transport. </p>
	12061
	12062
[354]	12063
	12064
[108]	12065
	12066
	12067
[354]	12068
	12069
[108]	12070	<p>By default, cyclic boundary conditions
[48]	12071	are used along y.
[5]	12072	Alternatively, reflection (<b>bc_par_ns</b>
[555]	12073	= <i>ï¿œreflectï¿œ</i>) or absorption (<b>bc_par_ns</b>
	12074	= <i>ï¿œabsorbï¿œ</i>)
[108]	12075	can be set.<br>
	12076
	12077
[354]	12078
	12079
[108]	12080	</p>
	12081
	12082
	12083
[354]	12084
	12085
[5]	12086	This lateral boundary conditions should correspond to the lateral
[108]	12087	boundary condition used for the flow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</td>
	12088
	12089
[354]	12090
	12091
[108]	12092	</tr>
	12093
	12094
	12095
[354]	12096
	12097
[108]	12098	<tr>
	12099
	12100
[354]	12101
	12102
[108]	12103	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12104
	12105
[354]	12106
	12107
[108]	12108	<p><a name="bc_par_t"></a><b>bc_par_t</b></p>
	12109
	12110
	12111
[354]	12112
	12113
[108]	12114	</td>
	12115
	12116
[354]	12117
	12118
[108]	12119	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*15</td>
	12120
	12121
	12122
[354]	12123
	12124
[555]	12125	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>ï¿œabsorbï¿œ</i></td>
[108]	12126
	12127
	12128
[354]	12129
	12130
[108]	12131	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12132
	12133
[354]	12134
	12135
[108]	12136	<p>Top boundary
	12137	condition for particle transport. </p>
	12138
	12139
[354]	12140
	12141
[108]	12142
	12143
	12144
[354]	12145
	12146
[108]	12147	<p>By default,
[48]	12148	particles are absorbed at the top boundary.
[5]	12149	Alternatively, a reflection condition can be set by <b>bc_par_t</b>
[555]	12150	= <i>ï¿œreflectï¿œ</i>.</p>
[108]	12151
	12152
[354]	12153
	12154
[108]	12155	</td>
	12156
	12157
	12158
[354]	12159
	12160
[108]	12161	</tr>
	12162
	12163
[354]	12164
	12165
[108]	12166	<tr>
	12167
	12168
[354]	12169
	12170
[108]	12171	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12172
	12173
[354]	12174
	12175
[108]	12176	<p><a name="density_ratio"></a><b>density_ratio</b></p>
	12177
	12178
	12179
[354]	12180
	12181
[108]	12182	</td>
	12183
	12184
[354]	12185
	12186
[108]	12187	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
	12188
	12189
	12190
[354]	12191
	12192
[108]	12193	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12194
	12195
[354]	12196
	12197
[108]	12198	<p><i>0.0, 9</i>
	12199	*<br>
	12200
	12201
[354]	12202
	12203
[108]	12204	<i>9999999.9</i></p>
	12205
	12206
[354]	12207
	12208
[108]	12209	</td>
	12210
	12211
[354]	12212
	12213
[108]	12214	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	12215
	12216
[354]	12217
	12218
[108]	12219	<p>Ratio of the density
[48]	12220	of the fluid and the density of the
[108]	12221	particles. </p>
	12222
	12223
[354]	12224
	12225
[108]	12226
	12227
	12228
[354]	12229
	12230
[108]	12231	<p>With the default value<i> </i>the
[5]	12232	particles are weightless and transported passively with the resolved
	12233	scale flow.
[48]	12234	In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">density_ratio</span>
	12235	/=
[5]	12236	0.0 particles have a mass and hence inertia so that their velocity
	12237	deviates more or less from the velocity of the surrounding flow.
	12238	Particle velocity is calculated analytically and depends on (besides
	12239	the density ratio and the current velocity difference between particles
	12240	and surrounding fluid) the
	12241	particle radius which is determined via <a href="#radius">radius</a>
	12242	as well as on the molecular viscosity (assumed as 1.461E-5 m<sup>2</sup>/s).
[108]	12243	</p>
	12244
	12245
[354]	12246
	12247
[108]	12248
	12249
	12250
[354]	12251
	12252
[108]	12253	<p>If <b>density_ratio</b> = <i>1.0</i>,
[48]	12254	the particle density
[5]	12255	corresponds to the density of the surrounding fluid and the particles
	12256	do not feel any buoyancy. Otherwise, particles will be accelerated
	12257	upwards (<b>density_ratio</b> > <i>1.0</i>)
	12258	or downwards (<b>density_ratio</b> < <i>1.0</i>).<br>
[108]	12259
	12260
	12261
[354]	12262
	12263
[108]	12264	</p>
	12265
	12266
[354]	12267
	12268
[108]	12269
	12270
	12271
[354]	12272
	12273
[108]	12274	<p>With several groups of particles (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
[48]	12275	each group can be assigned a different value. If the number of values
	12276	given for <span style="font-weight: bold;">density_ratio</span>
	12277	is less than the number of
[5]	12278	groups defined by <span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span>,
	12279	then the last assigned value is used for all remaining groups. This
[48]	12280	means that by default the particle density ratio for all groups will be
[108]	12281	<span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.</p>
	12282
	12283
	12284
[354]	12285
	12286
[108]	12287	</td>
	12288
	12289
[354]	12290
	12291
[108]	12292	</tr>
	12293
	12294
[354]	12295
	12296
[108]	12297	<tr>
	12298
	12299
[354]	12300
	12301
[108]	12302	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="dt_dopts"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_dopts</span></td>
	12303
	12304
[354]	12305
	12306
[108]	12307	<td align="left" valign="top">R</td>
	12308
	12309
[354]	12310
	12311
[108]	12312	<td align="left" valign="top"><i>value of  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	12313
	12314
[354]	12315
	12316
[108]	12317	output</a></i></td>
	12318
	12319
[354]	12320
	12321
[108]	12322	<td align="left" valign="top">
	12323
	12324
[354]	12325
	12326
[108]	12327	<p lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale"><font face="Thorndale, serif">Temporal
[48]	12328	interval</font> at which time series data of particle quantities
	12329	shall be output (</font>in <font face="Thorndale">s). </font></p>
[108]	12330
	12331
	12332
[354]	12333
	12334
[108]	12335	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If
[48]	12336	particle advection is switched on (see</font></span><font><span style="font-family: thorndale;"> <a href="#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>)
	12337	this parameter can be used to assign
[5]	12338	th</span></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">e temporal
[48]	12339	interval at which time series of particle quantities shall be output.
[108]	12340	Output is written in NetCDF format on local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF</a>.<br>
	12341
	12342
[354]	12343
	12344
[108]	12345	<br>
	12346
	12347
[354]	12348
	12349
[108]	12350	The
[5]	12351	following list gives a short description of the quantities
	12352	available. Most quantities are averages over all particles. The
	12353	quantity name given in the first column is identical to the respective
[48]	12354	name of the variable on the NetCDF file (see section <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a> for a general
[108]	12355	description of the NetCDF files).<br>
	12356
	12357
[354]	12358
	12359
[108]	12360	<br>
	12361
	12362
[354]	12363
	12364
[108]	12365	In case of using
[48]	12366	more than one particle group (see <a href="#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
[5]	12367	seperate time series are output for each of the groups. The long names
	12368	of the variables in the NetCDF file containing the respective
[48]	12369	timeseries all end with the string</font><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: monospace;">' PG ##'</span><font face="Thorndale">, where ## is the number of the particle
[108]	12370	group (<span style="font-style: italic;">01</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">02</span>, etc.). <br>
	12371
	12372
[354]	12373
	12374
[108]	12375	</font></span>
	12376
	12377
[354]	12378
	12379
[108]	12380	<table style="text-align: left; width: 631px; height: 652px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	12381
	12382
[354]	12383
	12384
[108]	12385	<tbody>
	12386
	12387
[354]	12388
	12389
[108]	12390	<tr>
	12391
	12392
[354]	12393
	12394
[108]	12395	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">tnpt</span></td>
	12396
	12397
[354]	12398
	12399
[108]	12400	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">total number of
	12401	particles</td>
	12402
	12403
[354]	12404
	12405
[108]	12406	</tr>
	12407
	12408
[354]	12409
	12410
[108]	12411	<tr>
	12412
	12413
[354]	12414
	12415
[108]	12416	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x_</span></td>
	12417
	12418
[354]	12419
	12420
[108]	12421	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
	12422	x-coordinate with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td>
	12423
	12424
[354]	12425
	12426
[108]	12427	</tr>
	12428
	12429
[354]	12430
	12431
[108]	12432	<tr>
	12433
	12434
[354]	12435
	12436
[108]	12437	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y_</span></td>
	12438
	12439
[354]	12440
	12441
[108]	12442	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
	12443	y-coordinate with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td>
	12444
	12445
[354]	12446
	12447
[108]	12448	</tr>
	12449
	12450
[354]	12451
	12452
[108]	12453	<tr>
	12454
	12455
[354]	12456
	12457
[108]	12458	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_</span></td>
	12459
	12460
[354]	12461
	12462
[108]	12463	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">particle
	12464	z-coordinate with respect to the particle origin (in m)</td>
	12465
	12466
[354]	12467
	12468
[108]	12469	</tr>
	12470
	12471
[354]	12472
	12473
[108]	12474	<tr>
	12475
	12476
[354]	12477
	12478
[108]	12479	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_abs</span></td>
	12480
	12481
[354]	12482
	12483
[108]	12484	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">absolute
	12485	particle z-coordinate (in m)</td>
	12486
	12487
[354]	12488
	12489
[108]	12490	</tr>
	12491
	12492
[354]	12493
	12494
[108]	12495	<tr>
	12496
	12497
[354]	12498
	12499
[108]	12500	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u</span></td>
	12501
	12502
[354]	12503
	12504
[108]	12505	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">u particle
	12506	velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12507
	12508
[354]	12509
	12510
[108]	12511	</tr>
	12512
	12513
[354]	12514
	12515
[108]	12516	<tr>
	12517
	12518
[354]	12519
	12520
[108]	12521	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v</span></td>
	12522
	12523
[354]	12524
	12525
[108]	12526	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v particle
	12527	velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12528
	12529
[354]	12530
	12531
[108]	12532	</tr>
	12533
	12534
[354]	12535
	12536
[108]	12537	<tr>
	12538
	12539
[354]	12540
	12541
[108]	12542	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w</span></td>
	12543
	12544
[354]	12545
	12546
[108]	12547	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w particle
	12548	velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12549
	12550
[354]	12551
	12552
[108]	12553	</tr>
	12554
	12555
[354]	12556
	12557
[108]	12558	<tr>
	12559
	12560
[354]	12561
	12562
[108]	12563	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u"</span></td>
	12564
	12565
[354]	12566
	12567
[108]	12568	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale u
	12569	particle velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12570
	12571
[354]	12572
	12573
[108]	12574	</tr>
	12575
	12576
[354]	12577
	12578
[108]	12579	<tr>
	12580
	12581
[354]	12582
	12583
[108]	12584	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v"</span></td>
	12585
	12586
[354]	12587
	12588
[108]	12589	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale v
	12590	particle velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12591
	12592
[354]	12593
	12594
[108]	12595	</tr>
	12596
	12597
[354]	12598
	12599
[108]	12600	<tr>
	12601
	12602
[354]	12603
	12604
[108]	12605	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w"</span></td>
	12606
	12607
[354]	12608
	12609
[108]	12610	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">subgrid-scale w
	12611	particle velocity component (in m/s)</td>
	12612
	12613
[354]	12614
	12615
[108]	12616	</tr>
	12617
	12618
[354]	12619
	12620
[108]	12621	<tr>
	12622
	12623
[354]	12624
	12625
[108]	12626	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_up</span></td>
	12627
	12628
[354]	12629
	12630
[108]	12631	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">total number of
	12632	upward moving particles</td>
	12633
	12634
[354]	12635
	12636
[108]	12637	</tr>
	12638
	12639
[354]	12640
	12641
[108]	12642	<tr>
	12643
	12644
[354]	12645
	12646
[108]	12647	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w_up</span></td>
	12648
	12649
[354]	12650
	12651
[108]	12652	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">vertical
	12653	velocity of the upward moving particles (in m/s)</td>
	12654
	12655
[354]	12656
	12657
[108]	12658	</tr>
	12659
	12660
[354]	12661
	12662
[108]	12663	<tr>
	12664
	12665
[354]	12666
	12667
[108]	12668	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w_down</span></td>
	12669
	12670
[354]	12671
	12672
[108]	12673	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">vertical
	12674	velocity of the downward moving particles (in m/s)</td>
	12675
	12676
[354]	12677
	12678
[108]	12679	</tr>
	12680
	12681
[354]	12682
	12683
[108]	12684	<tr>
	12685
	12686
[354]	12687
	12688
[108]	12689	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_max</span></td>
	12690
	12691
[354]	12692
	12693
[108]	12694	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">maximum number
	12695	of particles in a subdomain (=tnpt for non-parallel runs)</td>
	12696
	12697
[354]	12698
	12699
[108]	12700	</tr>
	12701
	12702
[354]	12703
	12704
[108]	12705	<tr>
	12706
	12707
[354]	12708
	12709
[108]	12710	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">npt_min</span></td>
	12711
	12712
[354]	12713
	12714
[108]	12715	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">minimum number
	12716	of particles in a subdomain (=tnpt for non-parallel runs)</td>
	12717
	12718
[354]	12719
	12720
[108]	12721	</tr>
	12722
	12723
[354]	12724
	12725
[108]	12726	<tr>
	12727
	12728
[354]	12729
	12730
[108]	12731	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x*2</span></td>
	12732
	12733
[354]	12734
	12735
[108]	12736	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12737	particle x-coordinate with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">x_ </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12738
	12739
[354]	12740
	12741
[108]	12742	</tr>
	12743
	12744
[354]	12745
	12746
[108]	12747	<tr>
	12748
	12749
[354]	12750
	12751
[108]	12752	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y*2</span></td>
	12753
	12754
[354]	12755
	12756
[108]	12757	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12758	particle y-coordinate with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">y_</span> (in m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12759
	12760
[354]	12761
	12762
[108]	12763	</tr>
	12764
	12765
[354]	12766
	12767
[108]	12768	<tr>
	12769
	12770
[354]	12771
	12772
[108]	12773	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z*2</span></td>
	12774
	12775
[354]	12776
	12777
[108]	12778	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12779	particle z-coordinate with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">z_</span> (in m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12780
	12781
[354]	12782
	12783
[108]	12784	</tr>
	12785
	12786
[354]	12787
	12788
[108]	12789	<tr>
	12790
	12791
[354]	12792
	12793
[108]	12794	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u*2</span></td>
	12795
	12796
[354]	12797
	12798
[108]	12799	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12800	u particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12801
	12802
[354]	12803
	12804
[108]	12805	</tr>
	12806
	12807
[354]	12808
	12809
[108]	12810	<tr>
	12811
	12812
[354]	12813
	12814
[108]	12815	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v*2</td>
	12816
	12817
[354]	12818
	12819
[108]	12820	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12821	v particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12822
	12823
[354]	12824
	12825
[108]	12826	</tr>
	12827
	12828
[354]	12829
	12830
[108]	12831	<tr>
	12832
	12833
[354]	12834
	12835
[108]	12836	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w*2</td>
	12837
	12838
[354]	12839
	12840
[108]	12841	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12842	w particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12843
	12844
[354]	12845
	12846
[108]	12847	</tr>
	12848
	12849
[354]	12850
	12851
[108]	12852	<tr>
	12853
	12854
[354]	12855
	12856
[108]	12857	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">u"2</td>
	12858
	12859
[354]	12860
	12861
[108]	12862	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12863	subgrid-scale u particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">u" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12864
	12865
[354]	12866
	12867
[108]	12868	</tr>
	12869
	12870
[354]	12871
	12872
[108]	12873	<tr>
	12874
	12875
[354]	12876
	12877
[108]	12878	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">v"2</td>
	12879
	12880
[354]	12881
	12882
[108]	12883	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12884	subgrid-scale v particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">v" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12885
	12886
[354]	12887
	12888
[108]	12889	</tr>
	12890
	12891
[354]	12892
	12893
[108]	12894	<tr>
	12895
	12896
[354]	12897
	12898
[108]	12899	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">w"2</td>
	12900
	12901
[354]	12902
	12903
[108]	12904	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
	12905	subgrid-scale w particle velocity component with respect to <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">w" </span>(in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</td>
	12906
	12907
[354]	12908
	12909
[108]	12910	</tr>
	12911
	12912
[354]	12913
	12914
[108]	12915	<tr>
	12916
	12917
[354]	12918
	12919
[108]	12920	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">npt*2</td>
	12921
	12922
[354]	12923
	12924
[108]	12925	<td align="undefined" valign="undefined">variance of the
[48]	12926	number of particles with respect to the average number of particles per
[108]	12927	subdomain</td>
	12928
	12929
[354]	12930
	12931
[108]	12932	</tr>
	12933
	12934
[354]	12935
	12936
[108]	12937
	12938
[354]	12939
	12940
[108]	12941	</tbody>
	12942
	12943
[354]	12944
	12945
[108]	12946	</table>
	12947
	12948
[354]	12949
	12950
[108]	12951	<span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
	12952
	12953
[354]	12954
	12955
[108]	12956	</tr>
	12957
	12958
[354]	12959
	12960
[108]	12961	<tr>
	12962
	12963
[354]	12964
	12965
[108]	12966	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="dt_min_part"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_min_part</span></td>
	12967
	12968
[354]	12969
	12970
[108]	12971	<td align="left" valign="top">R</td>
	12972
	12973
[354]	12974
	12975
[108]	12976	<td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0002</span></td>
	12977
	12978
[354]	12979
	12980
[108]	12981	<td align="left" valign="top">Minimum value for the
	12982	particle timestep when SGS velocities are used (in s).<br>
	12983
	12984
[354]	12985
	12986
[108]	12987	<br>
	12988
	12989
[354]	12990
	12991
[108]	12992	For
	12993	a further explanation see package parameter <a href="#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>.</td>
	12994
	12995
[354]	12996
	12997
[108]	12998	</tr>
	12999
	13000
[354]	13001
	13002
	13003	<tr>
	13004
	13005	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="dt_sort_particles"></a>dt_sort_particles</span></td>
	13006
	13007	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	13008
	13009	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
	13010
	13011	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporal interval for sorting particles (in s).<br>
	13012
	13013	<br>
	13014
	13015	By
[116]	13016	default, particles are sorted in memory in a way that their order
	13017	follows the order in which the gridpoint values are stored. This may
	13018	improve cache coherence in case of larger numbers of particles and
	13019	gridpoints. However, since the sorting itself is time consuming and
	13020	since the requirement of sorting depends on the strength of mixing in
	13021	the flow, performance can be improved if the sorting is applied only
[354]	13022	after certain time intervals. The proper length of this interval <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_sort_particles</span> must be determined empirically by carrying out test runs with different intervals. Check file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#CPU_MEASURES">CPU_MEASURES</a> to find the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_sort_particles</span> which gives the best performance.<br>
[108]	13023
[354]	13024	<br>
[108]	13025
[354]	13026	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
[108]	13027
[354]	13028	In case of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, any given non-zero value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt_sort_particles</span> will be reset to zero and a corresponding warning message will appear in the job protocol.</td>
	13029
	13030	</tr>
	13031
	13032	<tr>
	13033
	13034
	13035
	13036
	13037
[108]	13038	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13039
	13040
[354]	13041
	13042
[108]	13043	<p><a name="dt_write_particle_data"></a><b>dt_write_particle_</b>
	13044	<b>data</b></p>
	13045
	13046
[354]	13047
	13048
[108]	13049	</td>
	13050
	13051
[354]	13052
	13053
[108]	13054	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	13055
	13056
[354]	13057
	13058
[108]	13059	</td>
	13060
	13061
[354]	13062
	13063
[108]	13064	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	13065
	13066
	13067
[354]	13068
	13069
[108]	13070	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13071
	13072
[354]	13073
	13074
[108]	13075	<p>Temporal
	13076	interval for output of particle data (in s). </p>
	13077
	13078
[354]	13079
	13080
[108]	13081
	13082
	13083
[354]	13084
	13085
[108]	13086	<p>T<span lang="en-GB"></span><a href="#pr1d"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">his
[5]	13087	parameter can be used to
	13088	assign the temporal interval at which particle data shall be output.</font></span>
	13089	Data are output to
	13090	the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_DATA</a>.
[108]	13091	<span style="font-family: mon;">See the file description
[48]	13092	for more
[108]	13093	details about its format</span>. </p>
	13094
	13095
[354]	13096
	13097
[108]	13098
	13099
	13100
[354]	13101
	13102
[108]	13103	<p>By
	13104	default, no particle data are output.</p>
	13105
	13106
[354]	13107
	13108
[108]	13109	</td>
	13110
	13111
[354]	13112
	13113
[108]	13114	</tr>
	13115
	13116
	13117
[354]	13118
	13119
[266]	13120
[108]	13121
	13122
	13123	<tr>
	13124
	13125
[354]	13126
	13127
[108]	13128	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="end_time_prel"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">end_time_prel</span></td>
	13129
	13130
[354]	13131
	13132
[108]	13133	<td align="left" valign="top">R</td>
	13134
	13135
[354]	13136
	13137
[108]	13138	<td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td>
	13139
	13140
[354]	13141
	13142
[108]	13143	<td align="left" valign="top">Time of the last release of
	13144	particles (in s).<br>
	13145
	13146
[354]	13147
	13148
[108]	13149	<br>
	13150
	13151
[354]	13152
	13153
[108]	13154	See also <a href="#particle_advection_start">particle_advection_start</a>.</td>
	13155
	13156
[354]	13157
	13158
[108]	13159	</tr>
	13160
	13161
[354]	13162
	13163
[108]	13164	<tr>
	13165
	13166
	13167
[354]	13168
	13169
[108]	13170	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="initial_weighting_factor"></a>initial_weighting_factor</span></td>
	13171
	13172
	13173
[354]	13174
	13175
[108]	13176	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	13177
	13178
[354]	13179
	13180
[108]	13181	</td>
	13182
	13183
[354]	13184
	13185
[108]	13186	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span><br>
	13187
	13188
[354]	13189
	13190
[108]	13191	</td>
	13192
	13193
	13194
[354]	13195
	13196
[108]	13197	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Factor to define the real
	13198	number of initial droplets in a grid box.<br>
	13199
	13200
[354]	13201
	13202
[108]	13203	<br>
	13204
	13205
	13206
[354]	13207
	13208
[5]	13209	In case of explicitly simulating cloud droplets (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>),
	13210	the real number of initial droplets in a grid box is equal to the
	13211	initial number of droplets in this box (defined by the particle source
	13212	parameters <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
[108]	13213	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
	13214	</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>)
[48]	13215	times the <span style="font-weight: bold;">initial_weighting_factor</span>.</td>
[108]	13216
	13217
	13218
[354]	13219
	13220
[108]	13221	</tr>
	13222
	13223
[354]	13224
	13225
[108]	13226	<tr>
	13227
	13228
[354]	13229
	13230
[108]	13231	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13232
	13233
[354]	13234
	13235
[108]	13236	<p><a name="maximum_number_of_particles"></a><b>maximum_number_of_</b>
	13237	<br>
	13238
	13239
[354]	13240
	13241
[108]	13242	<b>particles</b></p>
	13243
	13244
[354]	13245
	13246
[108]	13247	</td>
	13248
	13249
[354]	13250
	13251
[108]	13252	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	13253
	13254
[354]	13255
	13256
[108]	13257	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1000</i></td>
	13258
	13259
	13260
[354]	13261
	13262
[108]	13263	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13264
	13265
[354]	13266
	13267
[108]	13268	<p>Maximum number
	13269	of particles (on a PE).  </p>
	13270
	13271
[354]	13272
	13273
[108]	13274
	13275
	13276
[354]	13277
	13278
[108]	13279	<p>This parameter
[48]	13280	allows to set the number of particles for which
[5]	13281	memory must be allocated at the beginning of the run.
	13282	If this memory becomes insufficient during the run, due to the
	13283	release of further particles (see <a href="#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>),
[108]	13284	then more memory is automatically allocated.<br>
	13285
	13286
[354]	13287
	13288
[108]	13289	</p>
	13290
	13291
	13292
[354]	13293
	13294
[5]	13295	For runs on several processors, <span style="font-weight: bold;">maximum_number_of_particles</span>
	13296	defines
	13297	the maximum number on each PE. This number must be larger than the
	13298	maximum number of particles initially released in a subdomain.</td>
[108]	13299
	13300
	13301
[354]	13302
	13303
[108]	13304	</tr>
	13305
	13306
[354]	13307
	13308
[108]	13309	<tr>
	13310
	13311
[354]	13312
	13313
[108]	13314	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13315
	13316
[354]	13317
	13318
[108]	13319	<p><a name="maximum_number_of_tailpoints"></a><b>maximum_number_of_</b>
	13320	<br>
	13321
	13322
[354]	13323
	13324
[108]	13325	<b>tailpoints</b></p>
	13326
	13327
[354]	13328
	13329
[108]	13330	</td>
	13331
	13332
[354]	13333
	13334
[108]	13335	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	13336
	13337
[354]	13338
	13339
[108]	13340	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td>
	13341
	13342
	13343
[354]	13344
	13345
[108]	13346	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13347
	13348
[354]	13349
	13350
[108]	13351	<p>Maximum number
[48]	13352	of tailpoints that a particle tail can
[108]	13353	have.  </p>
	13354
	13355
[354]	13356
	13357
[108]	13358
	13359
	13360
[354]	13361
	13362
[108]	13363	<p> <b>maximum_number_of_tailpoints</b>
[5]	13364	sets the number of descrete points the tail consists of. A new point is
	13365	added to the particle tails after each time step. If the maximum number
	13366	of tail
	13367	points is reached after the corresponding number of timesteps, the
	13368	oldest respective tail points is deleted within the following
[108]	13369	timestep.  </p>
	13370
	13371
[354]	13372
	13373
[108]	13374
	13375
	13376
[354]	13377
	13378
[108]	13379	<p>All particle tails have the
[48]	13380	same number of points. The maximum
[5]	13381	length of
	13382	these
	13383	tails is determined by the value of <b>maximum_number_of_tailpoints</b>
	13384	and by the minimum distance between each of the adjoining
	13385	tailpoints,  which can be set by <a href="#minimum_tailpoint_distance">minimum_tailpoint_distance</a>.
	13386	Additionally, it can be determined that the temporal displacement
	13387	between the current position of the particle and the oldest point of
	13388	the tail may become not larger than a value to be assigned by <a href="#maximum_tailpoint_age">maximum_tailpoint_age</a>.</p>
[108]	13389
	13390
	13391
[354]	13392
	13393
[108]	13394	</td>
	13395
	13396
[354]	13397
	13398
[108]	13399	</tr>
	13400
	13401
[354]	13402
	13403
[108]	13404	<tr>
	13405
	13406
[354]	13407
	13408
[108]	13409	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13410
	13411
[354]	13412
	13413
[108]	13414	<p><a name="maximum_tailpoint_age"></a><b>maximum_tailpoint_</b>
	13415	<br>
	13416
	13417
[354]	13418
	13419
[108]	13420	<b>age</b></p>
	13421
	13422
[354]	13423
	13424
[108]	13425	</td>
	13426
	13427
[354]	13428
	13429
[108]	13430	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	13431
	13432
[354]	13433
	13434
[108]	13435	<td style="vertical-align: top;">100000.0</td>
	13436
	13437
[354]	13438
	13439
[108]	13440	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13441
	13442
[354]	13443
	13444
[108]	13445	<p>Maximum age that the
[48]	13446	end point of a particle tail is allowed to have (in s).  </p>
[108]	13447
	13448
	13449
[354]	13450
	13451
[108]	13452
	13453
[354]	13454
	13455
[108]	13456	<p>If the temporal displacement between the oldest point of a
[5]	13457	particle tail and the current position of the particle becomes larger
[48]	13458	than the value given by <b>maximum_tailpoint_age</b>, this
	13459	oldest
[5]	13460	point (which defines the end of the tail) is
	13461	removed. If this time is so small that the number of points defining
	13462	the particle tail do not exceed the value given by <b>maximum_number_of_tailpoints</b>,
	13463	then the length the particle tails is a measure for the distance the
	13464	particle travelled along during the time interval defined via <b>maximum_tailpoint_age</b>,
	13465	i.e. for the
	13466	particle velocity. Fast particles will have long tails, slow particles
	13467	shorter ones (note: this will not neccessarily hold if <a href="#minimum_tailpoint_distance">minimum_tailpoint_distance</a>
[108]	13468	= <i>0.0</i>).</p>
	13469
	13470
[354]	13471
	13472
[108]	13473	</td>
	13474
	13475
[354]	13476
	13477
[108]	13478	</tr>
	13479
	13480
[354]	13481
	13482
[108]	13483	<tr>
	13484
	13485
	13486
[354]	13487
	13488
[108]	13489	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13490
	13491
[354]	13492
	13493
[108]	13494	<p><a name="minimum_tailpoint_distance"></a><b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b></p>
	13495
	13496
	13497
[354]	13498
	13499
[108]	13500	</td>
	13501
	13502
[354]	13503
	13504
[108]	13505	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	13506
	13507
	13508
[354]	13509
	13510
[108]	13511	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td>
	13512
	13513
	13514
[354]	13515
	13516
[108]	13517	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13518
	13519
[354]	13520
	13521
[108]	13522	<p>Minimum
[48]	13523	distance allowed between two adjacent points of a
[108]	13524	particle tail (in m).  </p>
	13525
	13526
[354]	13527
	13528
[108]	13529
	13530
	13531
[354]	13532
	13533
[108]	13534	<p>In case of <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
[48]	13535	> <i>0.0 </i>the
[5]	13536	particle tail is extended by a new point only if the distance between
	13537	its current position and the most recent tail point exceed the
	13538	distance given via <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>.<br>
[108]	13539
	13540
	13541
[354]	13542
	13543
[108]	13544	</p>
	13545
	13546
[354]	13547
	13548
[108]	13549
	13550
	13551
[354]	13552
	13553
[108]	13554	<p>If the length of the particle tails shall be
[48]	13555	proportional to
[5]	13556	the respective particle velocity, the parameter <a href="#maximum_tailpoint_age">maximum_tailpoint_age</a>
[108]	13557	must also be set appropriately. </p>
	13558
	13559
[354]	13560
	13561
[108]	13562	<b>Note:</b><br>
	13563
	13564
	13565
[354]	13566
	13567
[5]	13568	A suitable choice of <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
[48]	13569	> <i>0.0</i> is recommended, because then the tail
	13570	coordinates of
[5]	13571	slowly moving particles require less memory and can also be drawn
	13572	faster. The upper limit of <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
	13573	should be chosen in a way that the visualized particle
	13574	tails still appear as smooth lines. Example: with a model domain of
	13575	1000 m and a monitor resolution of 1280 * 1024 pixels it
[48]	13576	should be sufficient to set <b>minimum_tailpoint_distance</b>
	13577	= <i>5.0</i>
[108]	13578	(m). </td>
	13579
	13580
[354]	13581
	13582
[108]	13583	</tr>
	13584
	13585
[354]	13586
	13587
[108]	13588	<tr>
	13589
	13590
[354]	13591
	13592
[108]	13593	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="number_of_particle_groups"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span><br>
	13594
	13595
	13596
[354]	13597
	13598
[108]	13599	</td>
	13600
	13601
[354]	13602
	13603
[108]	13604	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
	13605
	13606
[354]	13607
	13608
[108]	13609	</td>
	13610
	13611
	13612
[354]	13613
	13614
[108]	13615	<td style="vertical-align: top;">1<br>
	13616
	13617
[354]	13618
	13619
[108]	13620	</td>
	13621
	13622
[354]	13623
	13624
[108]	13625	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of particle groups to be
	13626	used.<br>
	13627
	13628
[354]	13629
	13630
[108]	13631	<br>
	13632
	13633
	13634
[354]	13635
	13636
[48]	13637	Each particle group can be assigned its own source region (see <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>, <a href="#psl">psl</a>,
[108]	13638	<a href="#psr">psr</a>, etc.), particle diameter (<a href="#radius">radius</a>) and particle density ratio (<a href="density_ratio">density_ratio</a>).<br>
	13639
	13640
[354]	13641
	13642
[108]	13643	<br>
	13644
	13645
[354]	13646
	13647
[108]	13648	If
[48]	13649	less values are given for <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>, <a href="#psl">psl</a>,
[5]	13650	etc. than the number of particle groups, then the last value is used
	13651	for the remaining values (or the default value, if the user did not set
[108]	13652	the parameter).<br>
	13653
	13654
[354]	13655
	13656
[108]	13657	<br>
	13658
	13659
	13660
[354]	13661
	13662
[108]	13663	The maximum allowed number of particle groups is limited to <span style="font-style: italic;">10</span>.<br>
	13664
	13665
[354]	13666
	13667
[108]	13668	</td>
	13669
	13670
	13671
[354]	13672
	13673
[108]	13674	</tr>
	13675
	13676
[354]	13677
	13678
[108]	13679	<tr>
	13680
	13681
[354]	13682
	13683
[108]	13684	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="particles_per_point"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">particles_per_point</span></td>
	13685
	13686
[354]	13687
	13688
[108]	13689	<td align="left" valign="top">I</td>
	13690
	13691
[354]	13692
	13693
[108]	13694	<td align="left" valign="top">1</td>
	13695
	13696
[354]	13697
	13698
[108]	13699	<td align="left" valign="top">Number of particles to be
	13700	started per point.<br>
	13701
	13702
[354]	13703
	13704
[108]	13705	<br>
	13706
	13707
[354]	13708
	13709
[108]	13710	By default, one particle is
[48]	13711	started at all points of the particle source, defined by <span style="font-family: Thorndale,serif;">the </span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">package
	13712	parameters </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a>
[108]	13713	<span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and
	13714	</font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">.</font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span></td>
	13715
	13716
[354]	13717
	13718
[108]	13719	</tr>
	13720
	13721
[354]	13722
	13723
[108]	13724	<tr>
	13725
	13726
[354]	13727
	13728
[108]	13729	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13730
	13731
[354]	13732
	13733
[108]	13734	<p><a name="particle_advection_start"></a><b>particle_advection_</b>
	13735	<br>
	13736
	13737
[354]	13738
	13739
[108]	13740	<b>start</b></p>
	13741
	13742
[354]	13743
	13744
[108]	13745	</td>
	13746
	13747
[354]	13748
	13749
[108]	13750	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R </td>
	13751
	13752
[354]	13753
	13754
[108]	13755	<td style="vertical-align: top;">0.0 </td>
	13756
	13757
[354]	13758
	13759
[108]	13760	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13761
	13762
[354]	13763
	13764
[108]	13765	<p>Time of the first
	13766	release of particles (in s). </p>
	13767
	13768
[354]	13769
	13770
[108]	13771
	13772
	13773
[354]	13774
	13775
[108]	13776	<p>If particles are not
[48]	13777	to be released at the beginning of the
[5]	13778	run, the release time can be set via <b>particle_advection_start</b>.<br>
[108]	13779
	13780
	13781
[354]	13782
	13783
[5]	13784	If particle transport is switched on in a restart run, then <a href="#read_particles_from_restartfile">read_particles_from_restartfile</a>
[48]	13785	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span> is
[108]	13786	also required.</p>
	13787
	13788
[354]	13789
	13790
[108]	13791
	13792
[354]	13793
	13794
[108]	13795	<p>See also <a href="#end_time_prel">end_time_prel</a>.
	13796	</p>
	13797
	13798
[354]	13799
	13800
[108]	13801	</td>
	13802
	13803
[354]	13804
	13805
[108]	13806	</tr>
	13807
	13808
[354]	13809
	13810
[108]	13811	<tr>
	13812
	13813
[354]	13814
	13815
[108]	13816	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13817
	13818
[354]	13819
	13820
[108]	13821	<p><a name="particle_maximum_age"></a><b>particle_maximum_age</b></p>
	13822
	13823
	13824
[354]	13825
	13826
[108]	13827	</td>
	13828
	13829
[354]	13830
	13831
[108]	13832	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R </td>
	13833
	13834
	13835
[354]	13836
	13837
[108]	13838	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i>
	13839	</td>
	13840
	13841
[354]	13842
	13843
[108]	13844	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13845
	13846
[354]	13847
	13848
[108]	13849	<p>Maximum
	13850	allowed age of particles (in s).  </p>
	13851
	13852
[354]	13853
	13854
[108]	13855
	13856
	13857
[354]	13858
	13859
[108]	13860	<p>If the
[48]	13861	age of a particle exceeds the time set by <b>particle_maximum_age</b>,
[108]	13862	the particle as well as its tail is deleted.</p>
	13863
	13864
[354]	13865
	13866
[108]	13867	</td>
	13868
	13869
[354]	13870
	13871
[108]	13872	</tr>
	13873
	13874
	13875
[354]	13876
	13877
[108]	13878	<tr>
	13879
	13880
[354]	13881
	13882
[108]	13883	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13884
	13885
[354]	13886
	13887
[108]	13888	<p><a name="pdx"></a><b>pdx</b></p>
	13889
	13890
[354]	13891
	13892
[108]	13893	</td>
	13894
	13895
	13896
[354]	13897
	13898
[108]	13899	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	13900
	13901
[354]	13902
	13903
[108]	13904	</td>
	13905
	13906
	13907
[354]	13908
	13909
[108]	13910	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * dx</i>
	13911	</td>
	13912
	13913
[354]	13914
	13915
[108]	13916	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13917
	13918
[354]	13919
	13920
[108]	13921	<p>Distance
[48]	13922	along x between particles within a particle source
[108]	13923	(in m).  </p>
	13924
	13925
[354]	13926
	13927
[108]	13928
	13929
	13930
[354]	13931
	13932
[108]	13933	<p>If the particle source shall be
[48]	13934	confined to one grid point,
	13935	the distances given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">pdx</span>,
[108]	13936	<a href="#pdy">pdy</a>
[5]	13937	and <a href="#pdz">pdz</a>
[48]	13938	must be set larger than the respective domain size or <a href="#psl">psl</a>
	13939	= <a href="#psr">psr</a> has to be set
	13940	alternatively.<br>
[108]	13941
	13942
	13943
[354]	13944
	13945
[108]	13946	</p>
	13947
	13948
[354]	13949
	13950
[108]	13951
	13952
	13953
[354]	13954
	13955
[108]	13956	<p><span style="font-weight: bold;">pdx</span>
[48]	13957	can be assigned a different value for each particle group (see <a href="#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>).<br>
[108]	13958
	13959
	13960
[354]	13961
	13962
[108]	13963	</p>
	13964
	13965
[354]	13966
	13967
[108]	13968	</td>
	13969
	13970
[354]	13971
	13972
[108]	13973	</tr>
	13974
	13975
[354]	13976
	13977
[108]	13978	<tr>
	13979
	13980
[354]	13981
	13982
[108]	13983	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	13984
	13985
[354]	13986
	13987
[108]	13988	<p><a name="pdy"></a><b>pdy</b></p>
	13989
	13990
	13991
[354]	13992
	13993
[108]	13994	</td>
	13995
	13996
[354]	13997
	13998
[108]	13999	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14000
	14001
	14002
[354]	14003
	14004
[108]	14005	</td>
	14006
	14007
[354]	14008
	14009
[108]	14010	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14011	* dy</i> </td>
	14012
	14013
[354]	14014
	14015
[108]	14016	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance
[48]	14017	along y between
[5]	14018	particles within a
[108]	14019	particle source (in m).  </td>
	14020
	14021
[354]	14022
	14023
[108]	14024	</tr>
	14025
	14026
[354]	14027
	14028
[108]	14029	<tr>
	14030
	14031
	14032
[354]	14033
	14034
[108]	14035	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14036
	14037
[354]	14038
	14039
[108]	14040	<p><a name="pdz"></a><b>pdz</b></p>
	14041
	14042
[354]	14043
	14044
[108]	14045	</td>
	14046
	14047
	14048
[354]	14049
	14050
[108]	14051	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14052
	14053
	14054
[354]	14055
	14056
[108]	14057	</td>
	14058
	14059
[354]	14060
	14061
[108]	14062	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14063	* ( zu(2) - zu(1) )</i> </td>
	14064
	14065
[354]	14066
	14067
[108]	14068	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance along z between
[5]	14069	particles within a particle source
[108]	14070	(in m). </td>
	14071
	14072
[354]	14073
	14074
[108]	14075	</tr>
	14076
	14077
[354]	14078
	14079
[108]	14080	<tr>
	14081
	14082
[354]	14083
	14084
[108]	14085	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14086
	14087
[354]	14088
	14089
[108]	14090	<p><a name="psb"></a><b>psb</b></p>
	14091
	14092
	14093
[354]	14094
	14095
[108]	14096	</td>
	14097
	14098
[354]	14099
	14100
[108]	14101	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14102
	14103
	14104
[354]	14105
	14106
[108]	14107	</td>
	14108
	14109
[354]	14110
	14111
[108]	14112	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14113	* zu(nz/2)</i> </td>
	14114
	14115
[354]	14116
	14117
[108]	14118	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Bottom
[48]	14119	edge of a particle
[108]	14120	source (in m). </td>
	14121
	14122
[354]	14123
	14124
[108]	14125	</tr>
	14126
	14127
[354]	14128
	14129
[108]	14130	<tr>
	14131
	14132
[354]	14133
	14134
[108]	14135	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14136
	14137
[354]	14138
	14139
[108]	14140	<p><a name="psl"></a><b>psl</b></p>
	14141
	14142
	14143
[354]	14144
	14145
[108]	14146	</td>
	14147
	14148
[354]	14149
	14150
[108]	14151	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14152
	14153
	14154
[354]	14155
	14156
[108]	14157	</td>
	14158
	14159
[354]	14160
	14161
[108]	14162	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14163	* 0.0</i> </td>
	14164
	14165
[354]	14166
	14167
[108]	14168	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Left
[48]	14169	edge of a particle source
[108]	14170	(in m). </td>
	14171
	14172
[354]	14173
	14174
[108]	14175	</tr>
	14176
	14177
[354]	14178
	14179
[108]	14180	<tr>
	14181
	14182
[354]	14183
	14184
[108]	14185	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14186
	14187
[354]	14188
	14189
[108]	14190	<p><a name="psn"></a><b>psn</b></p>
	14191
	14192
	14193
[354]	14194
	14195
[108]	14196	</td>
	14197
	14198
[354]	14199
	14200
[108]	14201	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14202
	14203
	14204
[354]	14205
	14206
[108]	14207	</td>
	14208
	14209
[354]	14210
	14211
[108]	14212	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14213	* (ny * dy)</i> </td>
	14214
	14215
[354]	14216
	14217
[108]	14218	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Rear
[493]	14219	(“north”) edge of a
[108]	14220	particle source (in m). </td>
	14221
	14222
[354]	14223
	14224
[108]	14225	</tr>
	14226
	14227
[354]	14228
	14229
[108]	14230	<tr>
	14231
	14232
[354]	14233
	14234
[108]	14235	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14236
	14237
[354]	14238
	14239
[108]	14240	<p><a name="psr"></a><b>psr</b></p>
	14241
	14242
	14243
[354]	14244
	14245
[108]	14246	</td>
	14247
	14248
[354]	14249
	14250
[108]	14251	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14252
	14253
	14254
[354]	14255
	14256
[108]	14257	</td>
	14258
	14259
[354]	14260
	14261
[108]	14262	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14263	* (nx * dx)</i> </td>
	14264
	14265
[354]	14266
	14267
[108]	14268	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Right
[48]	14269	edge of a particle
[108]	14270	source (in m). </td>
	14271
	14272
[354]	14273
	14274
[108]	14275	</tr>
	14276
	14277
[354]	14278
	14279
[108]	14280	<tr>
	14281
	14282
[354]	14283
	14284
[108]	14285	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14286
	14287
[354]	14288
	14289
[108]	14290	<p><a name="pss"></a><b>pss</b></p>
	14291
	14292
	14293
[354]	14294
	14295
[108]	14296	</td>
	14297
	14298
[354]	14299
	14300
[108]	14301	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14302
	14303
	14304
[354]	14305
	14306
[108]	14307	</td>
	14308
	14309
[354]	14310
	14311
[108]	14312	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14313	* 0.0</i> </td>
	14314
	14315
[354]	14316
	14317
[108]	14318	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Front
[493]	14319	(“south”) edge of a
[108]	14320	particle source (in m). </td>
	14321
	14322
[354]	14323
	14324
[108]	14325	</tr>
	14326
	14327
[354]	14328
	14329
[108]	14330	<tr>
	14331
	14332
[354]	14333
	14334
[108]	14335	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14336
	14337
[354]	14338
	14339
[108]	14340	<p><a name="pst"></a><b>pst</b></p>
	14341
	14342
	14343
[354]	14344
	14345
[108]	14346	</td>
	14347
	14348
[354]	14349
	14350
[108]	14351	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)<br>
	14352
	14353
	14354
[354]	14355
	14356
[108]	14357	</td>
	14358
	14359
[354]	14360
	14361
[108]	14362	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	14363	* zu(nz/2)</i> </td>
	14364
	14365
[354]	14366
	14367
[108]	14368	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Top
[48]	14369	edge of a particle source
[108]	14370	(in m). </td>
	14371
	14372
[354]	14373
	14374
[108]	14375	</tr>
	14376
	14377
[354]	14378
	14379
[108]	14380	<tr>
	14381
	14382
[354]	14383
	14384
[108]	14385	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14386
	14387
[354]	14388
	14389
[108]	14390	<p><a name="radius"></a><b>radius</b></p>
	14391
	14392
	14393
[354]	14394
	14395
[108]	14396	</td>
	14397
	14398
[354]	14399
	14400
[108]	14401	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td>
	14402
	14403
	14404
[354]	14405
	14406
[108]	14407	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0, 9</i>*<br>
	14408
	14409
	14410
[354]	14411
	14412
[108]	14413	<i>9999999.9</i></td>
	14414
	14415
[354]	14416
	14417
[108]	14418	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle radius (in m).<br>
	14419
	14420
	14421
[354]	14422
	14423
[108]	14424	<br>
	14425
	14426
[354]	14427
	14428
[108]	14429	The viscous friction (in case of a velocity difference
[61]	14430	between
[5]	14431	particles and surrounding fluid) depends on the particle radius which
	14432	must be assigned as soon as <a href="chapter_4.2.html#density_ratio">density_ratio</a>
[108]	14433	/= <i>0.0</i>.<br>
	14434
	14435
[354]	14436
	14437
[108]	14438	<br>
	14439
	14440
	14441
[354]	14442
	14443
[48]	14444	With several groups of particles (see <a href="#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
	14445	each group can be assigned a different value. If the number of values
	14446	given for <span style="font-weight: bold;">radius</span>
	14447	is less than the number of
[5]	14448	groups defined by <span style="font-weight: bold;">number_of_particle_groups</span>,
	14449	then the last assigned value is used for all remaining groups. This
[108]	14450	means that by default the particle radius for all groups will be <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.<br>
	14451
	14452
[354]	14453
	14454
[108]	14455	</td>
	14456
	14457
	14458
[354]	14459
	14460
[108]	14461	</tr>
	14462
	14463
[354]	14464
	14465
[108]	14466	<tr>
	14467
	14468
[354]	14469
	14470
[108]	14471	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14472
	14473
[354]	14474
	14475
[108]	14476	<p><a name="random_start_position"></a><b>random_start_position</b></p>
	14477
	14478
	14479
[354]	14480
	14481
[108]	14482	</td>
	14483
	14484
[354]	14485
	14486
[108]	14487	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	14488
	14489
[354]	14490
	14491
[108]	14492	</td>
	14493
	14494
	14495
[354]	14496
	14497
[108]	14498	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i> </td>
	14499
	14500
	14501
[354]	14502
	14503
[108]	14504	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14505
	14506
[354]	14507
	14508
[493]	14509	<p><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><font color="#000000">Initial position of the</font></span>
[48]	14510	particles is
[108]	14511	varied randomly within certain limits.  </p>
	14512
	14513
[354]	14514
	14515
[108]	14516
	14517
	14518
[354]	14519
	14520
[108]	14521	<p>By
[48]	14522	default, the initial positions of particles within the
[5]	14523	source excatly correspond with the positions given by <a href="#psl">psl</a>,
[108]	14524	<a href="#psr">psr</a>, <a href="#psn">psn</a>,
	14525	<a href="#pss">pss</a>, <a href="#psb">psb</a>,
	14526	<a href="#pst">pst</a>, <a href="#pdx">pdx</a>,
	14527	<a href="#pdy">pdy</a>,
[5]	14528	and<a href="#pdz">
[48]	14529	pdz</a>. With <b>random_start_position</b> = <i>.T.
[108]	14530	</i>the initial
[5]	14531	positions of the particles are allowed to randomly vary from these
[108]	14532	positions within certain limits.  </p>
	14533
	14534
[354]	14535
	14536
[108]	14537
	14538
	14539
[354]	14540
	14541
[108]	14542	<p><b>Very
	14543	important:<br>
	14544
	14545
[354]	14546
	14547
[108]	14548	</b>In case of <b>random_start_position</b>
[48]	14549	= <i>.T.</i>, the
[5]	14550	random-number generators on the individual PEs no longer
	14551	run synchronously. If random disturbances are applied to the velocity
	14552	field
[48]	14553	(see <a href="#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>),
[108]	14554	<font color="#000000">then as consequence for parallel
[48]	14555	runs the
[5]	14556	realizations of the turbulent flow
	14557	fields will deviate between runs which used different numbers of PEs!</font></p>
[108]	14558
	14559
	14560
[354]	14561
	14562
[108]	14563	</td>
	14564
	14565
[354]	14566
	14567
[108]	14568	</tr>
	14569
	14570
[354]	14571
	14572
[108]	14573	<tr>
	14574
	14575
[354]	14576
	14577
[108]	14578	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14579
	14580
[354]	14581
	14582
[108]	14583	<p><a name="read_particles_from_restartfile"></a><b>read_particles_from_</b>
	14584	<br>
	14585
	14586
[354]	14587
	14588
[108]	14589	<b>restartfile</b></p>
	14590
	14591
[354]	14592
	14593
[108]	14594	</td>
	14595
	14596
[354]	14597
	14598
[108]	14599	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	14600
	14601
[354]	14602
	14603
[108]	14604	</td>
	14605
	14606
[354]	14607
	14608
[108]	14609	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i> </td>
	14610
	14611
	14612
[354]	14613
	14614
[108]	14615	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14616
	14617
[354]	14618
	14619
[108]	14620	<p>Read particle
	14621	data from the previous run.  </p>
	14622
	14623
[354]	14624
	14625
[108]	14626
	14627
	14628
[354]	14629
	14630
[108]	14631	<p>By default,
[48]	14632	with restart runs particle data is read
[5]	14633	from file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>,
	14634	which is created by the preceding run. If this is not requested or if
	14635	in a restart run particle transport is switched on for the
	14636	first time (see <a href="#particle_advection_start">particle_advection_start</a>),
	14637	then <b>read_particles_from_restartfile</b> = <i>.F.</i>
[108]	14638	is required.</p>
	14639
	14640
[354]	14641
	14642
[108]	14643	</td>
	14644
	14645
[354]	14646
	14647
[108]	14648	</tr>
	14649
	14650
[354]	14651
	14652
[108]	14653	<tr>
	14654
	14655
[354]	14656
	14657
[108]	14658	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_particles_for_tail"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail</span><br>
	14659
	14660
	14661
[354]	14662
	14663
[108]	14664	</td>
	14665
	14666
[354]	14667
	14668
[108]	14669	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
	14670
	14671
[354]	14672
	14673
[108]	14674	</td>
	14675
	14676
	14677
[354]	14678
	14679
[262]	14680	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100</span><br>
[108]	14681
	14682
[354]	14683
	14684
[108]	14685	</td>
	14686
	14687
	14688
[354]	14689
	14690
[108]	14691	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Limit the number of
	14692	particle tails.<br>
	14693
	14694
[354]	14695
	14696
[108]	14697	<br>
	14698
	14699
	14700
[354]	14701
	14702
[48]	14703	If particle tails are switched on (see <a href="#use_particle_tails">use_particle_tails</a>),
	14704	every particle is given a tail by default. <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail </span>can
[108]	14705	be used to give only every n'th particle a tail.<br>
	14706
	14707
[354]	14708
	14709
[108]	14710	<br>
	14711
	14712
[354]	14713
	14714
[108]	14715	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	14716
	14717
[354]	14718
	14719
[108]	14720	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_particles_for_tail</span>
[48]	14721	= <span style="font-style: italic;">10</span> means
[108]	14722	that only every 10th particle will be given a tail.<br>
	14723
	14724
[354]	14725
	14726
[108]	14727	</td>
	14728
	14729
	14730
[354]	14731
	14732
[108]	14733	</tr>
	14734
	14735
[354]	14736
	14737
[108]	14738	<tr>
	14739
	14740
[354]	14741
	14742
[108]	14743	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="use_particle_tails"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_particle_tails</span><br>
	14744
	14745
	14746
[354]	14747
	14748
[108]	14749	</td>
	14750
	14751
[354]	14752
	14753
[108]	14754	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	14755
	14756
[354]	14757
	14758
[108]	14759	</td>
	14760
	14761
	14762
[354]	14763
	14764
[108]	14765	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br>
	14766
	14767
[354]	14768
	14769
[108]	14770	</td>
	14771
	14772
	14773
[354]	14774
	14775
[108]	14776	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Give particles a tail.<br>
	14777
	14778
	14779
[354]	14780
	14781
[108]	14782	<br>
	14783
	14784
[354]	14785
	14786
[108]	14787	A particle tail is defined by the path a particle has moved
[5]	14788	along starting from some point of time in the past. It consists of a
	14789	set of descrete points in space which may e.g. be connected by a line
[108]	14790	in order visualize how the particle has moved.<br>
	14791
	14792
[354]	14793
	14794
[108]	14795	<br>
	14796
	14797
	14798
[354]	14799
	14800
[48]	14801	By default, particles have no tail. Parameter <a href="#skip_particles_for_tail">skip_particles_for_tail</a>
[108]	14802	can be used to give only every n'th particle a tail.<br>
	14803
	14804
[354]	14805
	14806
[108]	14807	<br>
	14808
	14809
	14810
[354]	14811
	14812
[48]	14813	The length of the tail is controlled by parameters <a href="#maximum_number_of_tailpoints">maximum_number_of_tailpoints</a>, <a href="#maximum_tailpoint_age">maximum_tailpoint_age</a>,
	14814	and <a href="#minimum_tailpoint_distance">minimum_tailpoint_distance</a>.<br>
[108]	14815
	14816
	14817
[354]	14818
	14819
[108]	14820	</td>
	14821
	14822
[354]	14823
	14824
[108]	14825	</tr>
	14826
	14827
[354]	14828
	14829
[108]	14830	<tr>
	14831
	14832
[354]	14833
	14834
[108]	14835	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="use_sgs_for_particles"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_sgs_for_particles</span></td>
	14836
	14837
[354]	14838
	14839
[108]	14840	<td align="left" valign="top">L</td>
	14841
	14842
[354]	14843
	14844
[108]	14845	<td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td>
	14846
	14847
[354]	14848
	14849
[108]	14850	<td align="left" valign="top">Use subgrid-scale
	14851	velocities for particle advection.<br>
	14852
	14853
[354]	14854
	14855
[108]	14856	<br>
	14857
	14858
[354]	14859
	14860
[108]	14861	These
[5]	14862	velocities are calculated from the resolved and subgrid-scale TKE using
	14863	the Monte-Carlo random-walk method described by Weil et al. (2004, JAS,
	14864	61,
	14865	2877-2887). When using this method, the timestep for the advancement of
	14866	the particles is limited by the so-called Lagrangian time scale. This
	14867	may be smaller than the current LES timestep so that several particle
	14868	(sub-) timesteps have to be carried out within one LES timestep. In
	14869	order to limit the number of sub-timesteps (and to limit the CPU-time),
	14870	the minimum value for the particle timestep is defined by the package
[108]	14871	parameter <a href="#dt_min_part">dt_min_part</a>.<br>
	14872
	14873
[354]	14874
	14875
[108]	14876	<br>
	14877
	14878
[354]	14879
	14880
[108]	14881	Setting
	14882	<span style="font-weight: bold;">use_sgs_for_particles</span>
[48]	14883	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>
	14884	automatically forces <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>
	14885	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>.
[5]	14886	This inhibits the occurrence of large (artificial) spatial gradients of
	14887	the subgrid-scale TKE which otherwise would lead to wrong results for
[108]	14888	the particle advection.</td>
	14889
	14890
[354]	14891
	14892
[108]	14893	</tr>
	14894
	14895
[354]	14896
	14897
[108]	14898	<tr>
	14899
	14900
[354]	14901
	14902
[108]	14903	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14904
	14905
[354]	14906
	14907
[108]	14908	<p><a name="vertical_particle_advection"></a><b>vertical_particle_</b>
	14909	<br>
	14910
	14911
[354]	14912
	14913
[108]	14914	<b>advection</b></p>
	14915
	14916
[354]	14917
	14918
[108]	14919	</td>
	14920
	14921
[354]	14922
	14923
[108]	14924	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	14925
	14926
[354]	14927
	14928
[108]	14929	</td>
	14930
	14931
[354]	14932
	14933
[108]	14934	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i> </td>
	14935
	14936
	14937
[354]	14938
	14939
[108]	14940	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14941
	14942
[354]	14943
	14944
[108]	14945	<p>Switch on/off
	14946	vertical particle transport. </p>
	14947
	14948
[354]	14949
	14950
[108]	14951
	14952
	14953
[354]	14954
	14955
[108]	14956	<p>By default,
[48]	14957	particles are transported along all three
	14958	directions in space. With <b>vertical_particle_advection</b>
	14959	= <i>.F., </i>the
[108]	14960	particles will only be transported horizontally.</p>
	14961
	14962
[354]	14963
	14964
[108]	14965	</td>
	14966
	14967
	14968
[354]	14969
	14970
[108]	14971	</tr>
	14972
	14973
[354]	14974
	14975
[108]	14976	<tr>
	14977
	14978
[354]	14979
	14980
[108]	14981	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	14982
	14983
[354]	14984
	14985
[108]	14986	<p><a name="write_particle_statistics"></a><b>write_particle_</b>
	14987	<br>
	14988
	14989
[354]	14990
	14991
[108]	14992	<b>statistics</b></p>
	14993
	14994
[354]	14995
	14996
[108]	14997	</td>
	14998
	14999
[354]	15000
	15001
[108]	15002	<td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br>
	15003
	15004
[354]	15005
	15006
[108]	15007	</td>
	15008
	15009
[354]	15010
	15011
[108]	15012	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i> </td>
	15013
	15014
	15015
[354]	15016
	15017
[108]	15018	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15019
	15020
[354]	15021
	15022
[108]	15023	<p>Switch on/off
	15024	output of particle informations.<br>
	15025
	15026
[354]	15027
	15028
[108]	15029	</p>
	15030
	15031
[354]	15032
	15033
[108]	15034
	15035
	15036
[354]	15037
	15038
[108]	15039	<p><br>
	15040
	15041
	15042
[354]	15043
	15044
[5]	15045	For <span style="font-weight: bold;">write_particle_statistics</span>
	15046	= <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> s<span style="font-family: thorndale,serif;">tatistical
	15047	informations</span> (e.g. the total number of particles used, the
	15048	number of particles exchanged between the PEs, etc.) which may be used
	15049	for debugging are output to the
	15050	local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARTICLE_DATA">PARTICLE_INFOS</a>.
[108]	15051	</p>
	15052
	15053
[354]	15054
	15055
[108]	15056
	15057
	15058
[354]	15059
	15060
[108]	15061	<p><b>Note:</b> For parallel runs files
[48]	15062	may become very large
[108]	15063	and performance of PALM may decrease.</p>
	15064
	15065
[354]	15066
	15067
[108]	15068	</td>
	15069
	15070
[354]	15071
	15072
[108]	15073	</tr>
	15074
	15075
	15076
[354]	15077
	15078
[108]	15079
	15080
[354]	15081
	15082
[108]	15083	</tbody>
	15084	</table>
	15085
	15086
[354]	15087
	15088
[108]	15089	<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
	15090
	15091
	15092
[354]	15093
	15094
[108]	15095	</span><br>
	15096
	15097
[354]	15098
	15099
[108]	15100	<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><a name="Paketparameter"></a>Package
	15101	parameters: </h3>
	15102
	15103
[354]	15104
	15105
[108]	15106	<br>
	15107
	15108
[354]	15109
	15110
[108]	15111	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Package
[48]	15112	(<span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> option
	15113	-p): <span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="dvrp_graphics"></a>dvrp_graphics</span>
[5]	15114
	15115	NAMELIST group name: <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp_graphics_par<br>
[108]	15116
	15117
	15118
[354]	15119
	15120
[108]	15121	<br>
	15122
	15123
[354]	15124
	15125
[108]	15126	</span></span>
	15127	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	15128
	15129
[354]	15130
	15131
[108]	15132	<tbody>
	15133
	15134
[354]	15135
	15136
[108]	15137	<tr>
	15138
	15139
	15140
[354]	15141
	15142
[108]	15143	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
	15144	name</b></font></td>
	15145
	15146
[354]	15147
	15148
[108]	15149	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
	15150
	15151
	15152
[354]	15153
	15154
[108]	15155	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15156
	15157
[354]	15158
	15159
[108]	15160	<p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
	15161
	15162
[354]	15163
	15164
[108]	15165	<b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
	15166
	15167
[354]	15168
	15169
[108]	15170	</td>
	15171
	15172
	15173
[354]	15174
	15175
[108]	15176	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
	15177
	15178
	15179
[354]	15180
	15181
[108]	15182	</tr>
	15183
	15184
[354]	15185
	15186
	15187	<tr>
	15188
	15189	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="clip_dvrp_l"></a>clip_dvrp_l</span></td>
	15190
	15191	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15192
	15193	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
	15194
	15195	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Left boundary of the displayed domain (in m).<br>
	15196
	15197	<br>
	15198
	15199	This
[266]	15200	parameter can be used to restrict the display of the total horizontal
	15201	domain, e.g. to reduce the data size of the dvr-output in order to
[354]	15202	speed-up the animated sequence.</td>
	15203
	15204	</tr>
	15205
	15206	<tr>
	15207
	15208	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="clip_dvrp_n"></a>clip_dvrp_n</span></td>
	15209
	15210	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15211
	15212	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">(<a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a>+1)*<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a></span></td>
	15213
	15214	<td style="vertical-align: top;">North boundary of the displayed domain (in m).<br>
	15215
	15216	<br>
	15217
	15218	This parameter can
[266]	15219	be used to restrict the display of the total horizontal domain, e.g. to
	15220	reduce the data size of the dvr-output in order to speed-up the
[354]	15221	animated sequence.</td>
	15222
	15223	</tr>
	15224
	15225	<tr>
	15226
	15227	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="clip_dvrp_r"></a>clip_dvrp_r</span></td>
	15228
	15229	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15230
	15231	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">(<a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a>+1)*<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a></span></td>
	15232
	15233	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Right boundary of the displayed domain (in m).<br>
	15234
	15235	<br>
	15236
	15237	This parameter can
[266]	15238	be used to restrict the display of the total horizontal domain, e.g. to
	15239	reduce the data size of the dvr-output in order to speed-up the
[354]	15240	animated sequence.</td>
	15241
	15242	</tr>
	15243
	15244	<tr>
	15245
	15246	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="clip_dvrp_s"></a>clip_dvrp_s</span></td>
	15247
	15248	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15249
	15250	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td>
	15251
	15252	<td style="vertical-align: top;">South boundary of the displayed domain (in m).<br>
	15253
	15254	<br>
	15255
	15256	This parameter can
[266]	15257	be used to restrict the display of the total horizontal domain, e.g. to
	15258	reduce the data size of the dvr-output in order to speed-up the
[354]	15259	animated sequence.</td>
	15260
	15261	</tr>
	15262
	15263	<tr>
	15264
	15265	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="cluster_size"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">cluster_size</span></td>
	15266
	15267	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
	15268
	15269	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1</span></td>
	15270
	15271	<td>Vertex cluster size for polygon reduction of topography.<br>
	15272
	15273	<br>
	15274
	15275	This
[237]	15276	parameter can be used to reduce the number of polygones which form the
	15277	topography isosurface. In case of large numerical grids (large number
	15278	of gridpoints) and /or complex topography, cluster_size > 1 may
	15279	speed up the animation significantly. Disadvantage: buildings may loose
[354]	15280	their strict rectangular shape.<br>
[108]	15281
[354]	15282	<br>
[108]	15283
[354]	15284	The allowed range of values is 1 <= <span style="font-weight: bold;">cluster_size</span> <= 5.<br>
	15285
	15286	<br>
	15287
	15288	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Warning:</span> The allowed range of values is not checked. Wrong values may lead to unforseen effects or even aborts! </td>
	15289
	15290	</tr>
	15291
	15292	<tr>
	15293
	15294	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="color_interval"></a>color_interval</span></td>
	15295
	15296	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2)</td>
	15297
	15298	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0, 1.0</span></td>
	15299
	15300	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Interval of values used for determining the particle color displayed in the animation.<br>
	15301
	15302	<br>
	15303
	15304	See <a href="#particle_color">particle_color</a> for further explanation.</td>
	15305
	15306	</tr>
	15307
	15308	<tr>
	15309
	15310
	15311
	15312
[108]	15313	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15314
	15315
[354]	15316
	15317
[108]	15318	<p><a name="dt_dvrp"></a><b>dt_dvrp</b></p>
	15319
	15320
	15321
[354]	15322
	15323
[108]	15324	</td>
	15325
	15326
[354]	15327
	15328
[108]	15329	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15330
	15331
	15332
[354]	15333
	15334
[108]	15335	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>9999999.9</i></td>
	15336
	15337
	15338
[354]	15339
	15340
[108]	15341	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15342
	15343
[354]	15344
	15345
[108]	15346	<p>Temporal
[48]	15347	interval of scenes to be displayed with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software (in
[108]	15348	s).  </p>
	15349
	15350
[354]	15351
	15352
[108]	15353
	15354
	15355
[354]	15356
	15357
[108]	15358	<p>Isosurfaces, cross sections and
[48]	15359	particles can be displayed
[5]	15360	simultaneous. The display of particles requires that the particle
	15361	transport is switched on (see <a href="#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>).
[108]	15362	Objects to be displayed have to be determined with <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>. </p>
	15363
	15364
[354]	15365
	15366
[108]	15367
	15368
	15369
[354]	15370
	15371
[108]	15372	<p>If
[48]	15373	output of scenes created by dvrp software is switched on
[5]	15374	(see <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>),
	15375	this parameter can be used to assign the temporal interval at which
[48]	15376	scenes are to be created (and the respective  graphical data
	15377	is to
[5]	15378	be output to the streaming server). <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference time is the beginning of
	15379	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <b>dt_dvrp</b>,
[48]	15380	2<b>dt_dvrp</b>, 3<b>dt_dvrp</b>, etc. The
	15381	actual output times can
	15382	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).
	15383	Is <b>dt_dvrp</b> < </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, then
	15384	scenes are created and
[5]	15385	output after each time step (if this is requested it should be <b>dt_dvrp</b>
[108]	15386	= <i>0</i>).</font></span> </p>
	15387
	15388
[354]	15389
	15390
[108]	15391	</td>
	15392
	15393
	15394
[354]	15395
	15396
[108]	15397	</tr>
	15398
	15399
	15400
	15401
[354]	15402	<tr>
	15403
	15404	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="dvrpsize_interval"></a>dvrpsize_interval</span></td>
	15405
	15406	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2)</td>
	15407
	15408	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0, 1.0</span></td>
	15409
	15410	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Interval of values used for determining the particle size displayed in the animation.<br>
	15411
	15412	<br>
	15413
	15414	See <a href="#particle_dvrpsize">particle_dvrpsize</a> for further explanation.</td>
	15415
	15416	</tr>
	15417
	15418	<tr>
	15419
	15420
	15421
	15422
[108]	15423	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15424
	15425
[354]	15426
	15427
[108]	15428	<p><a name="dvrp_directory"></a><b>dvrp_directory</b></p>
	15429
	15430
	15431
[354]	15432
	15433
[108]	15434	</td>
	15435
	15436
[354]	15437
	15438
[108]	15439	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	15440
	15441
	15442
[354]	15443
	15444
[108]	15445	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'default'</i></td>
	15446
	15447
	15448
[354]	15449
	15450
[108]	15451	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15452
	15453
[354]	15454
	15455
[108]	15456	<p>Name of the
[48]	15457	directory into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	15458	software shall be saved.  </p>
	15459
	15460
[354]	15461
	15462
[108]	15463
	15464
	15465
[354]	15466
	15467
[108]	15468	<p>By default,
[48]	15469	the directory name is generated from the user
[5]	15470	name
	15471	(see package parameter <a href="#dvrp_username">dvrp_username</a>)
[48]	15472	and the base file name (given as the argument of <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> option -d) as <span style="font-style: italic;">'<user
[108]	15473	name>/<base file name>'</span>.</p>
	15474
	15475
[354]	15476
	15477
[108]	15478	</td>
	15479
	15480
	15481
[354]	15482
	15483
[108]	15484	</tr>
	15485
	15486
[354]	15487
	15488
[108]	15489	<tr>
	15490
	15491
[354]	15492
	15493
[108]	15494	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15495
	15496
[354]	15497
	15498
[108]	15499	<p><a name="dvrp_file"></a><b>dvrp_file</b></p>
	15500
	15501
	15502
[354]	15503
	15504
[108]	15505	</td>
	15506
	15507
[354]	15508
	15509
[108]	15510	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	15511
	15512
	15513
[354]	15514
	15515
[108]	15516	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'default'</i></td>
	15517
	15518
	15519
[354]	15520
	15521
[108]	15522	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15523
	15524
[354]	15525
	15526
[108]	15527	<p>Name of the
[48]	15528	file into which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	15529	software shall be output.  </p>
	15530
	15531
[354]	15532
	15533
[108]	15534
	15535
	15536
[354]	15537
	15538
[108]	15539	<p>This
[48]	15540	parameter can be given a value only in case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
	15541	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'local'</span><i>
[108]	15542	</i>which
[5]	15543	determines that the data created by <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15544	is output to a local file (on the machine where PALM is executed).
	15545	Apart from the default, it is only allowed to assign <span style="font-style: italic;">'/dev/null'</span> (which
	15546	means that no output is really stored). This can be used for special
	15547	runtime measurements of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	15548	software.</p>
	15549
	15550
[354]	15551
	15552
[108]	15553	</td>
	15554
	15555
[354]	15556
	15557
[108]	15558	</tr>
	15559
	15560
[354]	15561
	15562
[108]	15563	<tr>
	15564
	15565
[354]	15566
	15567
[108]	15568	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15569
	15570
[354]	15571
	15572
[108]	15573	<p><a name="dvrp_host"></a><b>dvrp_host</b></p>
	15574
	15575
	15576
[354]	15577
	15578
[108]	15579	</td>
	15580
	15581
[354]	15582
	15583
[108]	15584	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	15585
	15586
	15587
[354]	15588
	15589
[108]	15590	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15591
	15592
[354]	15593
	15594
[108]	15595	<p><i>'origin.rvs.</i>
	15596	<br>
	15597
	15598
[354]	15599
	15600
[108]	15601	u<i>ni- hanover.de'</i></p>
	15602
	15603
[354]	15604
	15605
[108]	15606	</td>
	15607
	15608
[354]	15609
	15610
[108]	15611	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15612
	15613
[354]	15614
	15615
[108]	15616	<p>Name of the computer
[48]	15617	to which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15618	software shall be
[108]	15619	transferred.  </p>
	15620
	15621
[354]	15622
	15623
[108]	15624
	15625
	15626
[354]	15627
	15628
[108]	15629	<p>In case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
[48]	15630	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'rtsp'</span>
	15631	only the default
[5]	15632	value is allowed (streaming server of
	15633	the RRZN). For <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
[48]	15634	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'local'</span><i>
[108]	15635	</i>the
	15636	assigned value is ignored.</p>
	15637
	15638
[354]	15639
	15640
[108]	15641	</td>
	15642
	15643
[354]	15644
	15645
[108]	15646	</tr>
	15647
	15648
[354]	15649
	15650
[108]	15651	<tr>
	15652
	15653
	15654
[354]	15655
	15656
[108]	15657	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15658
	15659
[354]	15660
	15661
[108]	15662	<p><a name="dvrp_output"></a><b>dvrp_output</b></p>
	15663
	15664
	15665
[354]	15666
	15667
[108]	15668	</td>
	15669
	15670
[354]	15671
	15672
[108]	15673	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10</td>
	15674
	15675
	15676
[354]	15677
	15678
[108]	15679	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'rtsp'</i></td>
	15680
	15681
	15682
[354]	15683
	15684
[108]	15685	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15686
	15687
[354]	15688
	15689
[108]	15690	<p>Output mode
[48]	15691	for the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	15692	software. <br>
	15693
	15694
[354]	15695
	15696
[108]	15697	<br>
	15698
	15699
[354]	15700
	15701
[108]	15702	</p>
	15703
	15704
	15705
[354]	15706
	15707
[108]	15708	The following settings are allowed:<br>
	15709
	15710
[354]	15711
	15712
[108]	15713	<br>
	15714
	15715
[354]	15716
	15717
[108]	15718
	15719
	15720
[354]	15721
	15722
[108]	15723	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	15724
	15725
[354]	15726
	15727
[108]	15728	<tbody>
	15729
	15730
[354]	15731
	15732
[108]	15733	<tr>
	15734
	15735
[354]	15736
	15737
[108]	15738	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'rtsp'</i></td>
	15739
	15740
	15741
[354]	15742
	15743
[108]	15744	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[5]	15745	software is transferred using
	15746	a special transmission protocol to a so-called streaming server, which
	15747	is able to continuously transfer visualization data with a
	15748	high transmission rate.  <br>
[108]	15749
	15750
	15751
[354]	15752
	15753
[5]	15754	Additionally, with this output mode a
	15755	set of files is generated automatically
	15756	within a directory on the streaming server (beside the visualization
	15757	data e.g. some html-files) which can be used to
	15758	visualize the data via an internet-browser plugin. Host
	15759	(streaming-server) and directory can be defined by the user with <a href="#dvrp_host">dvrp_host</a>
	15760	and <a href="#dvrp_directory">dvrp_directory</a>.</td>
[108]	15761
	15762
	15763
[354]	15764
	15765
[108]	15766	</tr>
	15767
	15768
[354]	15769
	15770
[108]	15771	<tr>
	15772
	15773
[354]	15774
	15775
[108]	15776	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'ftp'</i></td>
	15777
	15778
	15779
[354]	15780
	15781
[108]	15782	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[5]	15783	software is transferred to the destination host (see <a href="#dvrp_host">dvrp_host</a>
	15784	and <a href="#dvrp_directory">dvrp_directory</a>)
[108]	15785	using ftp.</td>
	15786
	15787
[354]	15788
	15789
[108]	15790	</tr>
	15791
	15792
[354]	15793
	15794
[108]	15795	<tr>
	15796
	15797
[354]	15798
	15799
[108]	15800	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'local'</i></td>
	15801
	15802
	15803
[354]	15804
	15805
[108]	15806	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[5]	15807	software is output locally on a file defined by <a href="#dvrp_file">dvrp_file
[108]	15808	</a>.</td>
	15809
	15810
[354]	15811
	15812
[108]	15813	</tr>
	15814
	15815
[354]	15816
	15817
[108]	15818
	15819
	15820
[354]	15821
	15822
[108]	15823	</tbody>
	15824
	15825
[354]	15826
	15827
[108]	15828	</table>
	15829
	15830
[354]	15831
	15832
[108]	15833	<br>
	15834
	15835
	15836
[354]	15837
	15838
[108]	15839	</td>
	15840
	15841
[354]	15842
	15843
[108]	15844	</tr>
	15845
	15846
[354]	15847
	15848
[108]	15849	<tr>
	15850
	15851
[354]	15852
	15853
[108]	15854	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15855
	15856
[354]	15857
	15858
[108]	15859	<p><a name="dvrp_password"></a><b>dvrp_password</b></p>
	15860
	15861
	15862
[354]	15863
	15864
[108]	15865	</td>
	15866
	15867
[354]	15868
	15869
[108]	15870	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	15871
	15872
	15873
[354]	15874
	15875
[108]	15876	<td style="vertical-align: top;">'********'</td>
	15877
	15878
[354]	15879
	15880
[108]	15881	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15882
	15883
[354]	15884
	15885
[108]	15886	<p>Password for the
[48]	15887	computer to which data created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software is to
	15888	be
[108]	15889	transferred.  </p>
	15890
	15891
[354]	15892
	15893
[108]	15894
	15895
	15896
[354]	15897
	15898
[108]	15899	<p>Assigning a password is
[48]	15900	only necessary in case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
	15901	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'ftp'</span>.
	15902	For <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
	15903	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'rtsp'</span><i>
[108]	15904	</i>the default
	15905	value must not be changed!</p>
	15906
	15907
[354]	15908
	15909
[108]	15910	</td>
	15911
	15912
[354]	15913
	15914
[108]	15915	</tr>
	15916
	15917
[354]	15918
	15919
	15920	<tr>
	15921
	15922	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15923
	15924	<p><a name="dvrp_psize"></a><b>dvrp_psize</b></p>
	15925
	15926	</td>
	15927
	15928	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	15929
	15930	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.2 * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a></span></td>
	15931
	15932	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	15933
	15934	<p>Diameter that particles are given in visualizations with
[266]	15935	the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15936	software (in
	15937	m).  </p>
[108]	15938
	15939
[354]	15940
	15941
[266]	15942
	15943
	15944
[354]	15945
	15946
[266]	15947	<p>In case that particles are
	15948	visualized with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15949	software (see <a href="chapter_4.5.7.html">chapter
	15950	4.5.7</a>), their size can be set by parameter <b>dvrp_psize</b>.
	15951	All
	15952	particles are displayed with this same size.<br>
[108]	15953
[266]	15954
[354]	15955
	15956
[266]	15957	</p>
	15958
	15959
[354]	15960
	15961
[266]	15962
	15963
	15964
[354]	15965
	15966
	15967	<p>Alternatively, the particle size can be controlled by certain flow parameters using parameter <a href="#particle_dvrpsize">particle_dvrpsize</a>.</p>
	15968
	15969
	15970	<p>Another way to control
[266]	15971	the particles diameter is to set it with the
	15972	user-interface in routine <span style="font-family: monospace;">user_init_particles</span>
	15973	(at the beginning of the simulation) and/or to redefine it after each
	15974	timestep in routine <tt>user<font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">_particle_attributes</font></tt>. </p>
	15975
	15976
	15977
[354]	15978
	15979
[266]	15980
	15981
[354]	15982
	15983
[266]	15984	<p><b>Note:</b> This parameter determines exclusively
	15985	the size
	15986	under which particles appear in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	15987	visualization. The flow relevant particle radius is determined via the
[354]	15988	particle parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#radius">radius</a>!</p>
[266]	15989
[354]	15990	</td>
[266]	15991
[354]	15992	</tr>
[266]	15993
[354]	15994	<tr>
	15995
	15996
	15997
	15998
	15999
[108]	16000	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16001
	16002
[354]	16003
	16004
[108]	16005	<p><a name="dvrp_username"></a><b>dvrp_username</b></p>
	16006
	16007
	16008
[354]	16009
	16010
[108]	16011	</td>
	16012
	16013
[354]	16014
	16015
[108]	16016	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*80</td>
	16017
	16018
	16019
[354]	16020
	16021
[108]	16022	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
	16023
	16024
[354]	16025
	16026
[108]	16027	</td>
	16028
	16029
[354]	16030
	16031
[108]	16032	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16033
	16034
[354]	16035
	16036
[108]	16037	<p>User name of a valid
[48]	16038	account on the computer to which data
	16039	created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
	16040	software
[5]	16041	is to be
[108]	16042	transferred.  </p>
	16043
	16044
[354]	16045
	16046
[108]	16047
	16048
	16049
[354]	16050
	16051
[108]	16052	<p>Assigning a value to this
[48]	16053	parameter is required in case of <a href="#dvrp_output">dvrp_output</a>
	16054	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'rtsp'</span>
	16055	or <span style="font-style: italic;">'ftp'</span>.</p>
[108]	16056
	16057
	16058
[354]	16059
	16060
[108]	16061	</td>
	16062
	16063
[354]	16064
	16065
[108]	16066	</tr>
	16067
	16068
[354]	16069
	16070
	16071	<tr>
	16072
	16073	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="groundplate_color"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">groundplate_color</span></td>
	16074
	16075	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(3)</td>
	16076
	16077	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0, 0.6, 0.0</span></td>
	16078
	16079	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Color of the ground plate.<br>
	16080
	16081	<br>
	16082
	16083	The color is given in RGB (red/green/blue) portions. The default color of the ground plate is green.</td>
	16084
	16085	</tr>
	16086
	16087	<tr>
	16088
	16089	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="isosurface_color"></a>isosurface_color</span></td>
	16090
	16091	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(3,10)</td>
	16092
	16093	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.9, 0.9, 0.9</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	16094
	16095	<span style="font-style: italic;">0.8, 0.1, 0.1</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
	16096
	16097	<span style="font-style: italic;">0.1, 0.1, 0.8<br>
	16098
	16099	0.1, 0.8, 0.1<br>
	16100
	16101	0.6, 0.1, 0.1<br>
	16102
	16103	0.1, 0.1, 0.6<br>
	16104
	16105	0.1, 0.6, 0.1<br>
	16106
	16107	0.4, 0.1, 0.1<br>
	16108
	16109	0.1, 0.1, 0.4<br>
	16110
	16111	0.1, 0.4, 0.1</span></td>
	16112
	16113	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Color of the isosurface(s).<br>
	16114
	16115	<br>
	16116
	16117	Colors
[336]	16118	are given in RGB (red/green/blue) portions. By default, the first
	16119	isosurface has a gray color, the second a red color, the third a blue
[354]	16120	color, etc.</td>
[108]	16121
[354]	16122	</tr>
[108]	16123
[354]	16124	<tr>
	16125
	16126
	16127
	16128
[108]	16129	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16130
	16131
[354]	16132
	16133
[108]	16134	<p><a name="mode_dvrp"></a><b>mode_dvrp</b></p>
	16135
	16136
	16137
[354]	16138
	16139
[108]	16140	</td>
	16141
	16142
[354]	16143
	16144
[108]	16145	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20
	16146	<br>
	16147
	16148
[354]	16149
	16150
[108]	16151	(10)</td>
	16152
	16153
[354]	16154
	16155
[108]	16156	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10
	16157	* ''</i></td>
	16158
	16159
[354]	16160
	16161
[108]	16162	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16163
	16164
[354]	16165
	16166
[108]	16167	<p>Graphical objects (isosurfaces, slicers, particles) which are
[5]	16168	to be created by the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	16169	software.  </p>
	16170
	16171
[354]	16172
	16173
[108]	16174
	16175
	16176
[354]	16177
	16178
[108]	16179	<p>Several different objects can
[48]	16180	be assigned simultaneously and
[130]	16181	will be displayed in the same scene. Allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">mode_dvrp</span> are <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface##'</span>
	16182	(isosurface), <span style="font-style: italic;">'slicer##'</span>
[5]	16183	(cross sections), and <span style="font-style: italic;">'particles'</span>.
[130]	16184	Within the strings the hash characters ("##") have to be replaced by two
[493]	16185	digits 01≤##≤99. Up to 10 objects
[129]	16186	can be assigned at the same time, e.g.:  </p>
[108]	16187
	16188
[354]	16189
	16190
[108]	16191
	16192
	16193
[354]	16194
	16195
[108]	16196	<blockquote><b>mode_dvrp</b>
[130]	16197	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface02'</span><i>,
	16198	'slicer01',
	16199	'particles', 'slicer02'</i></blockquote>
[108]	16200
	16201
[354]	16202
	16203
[108]	16204
	16205
	16206
[354]	16207
	16208
[108]	16209	<p>In this
[48]	16210	case one isosurface, two cross sections, and particles
[129]	16211	will be created. The quantities for which isosurfaces or cross sections are to be
[5]	16212	created have to be selected with
[129]	16213	the parameter <a href="#data_output">data_output</a> (<span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>
[48]	16214	also determines the
[129]	16215	orientation of the cross section, thus xy, xz, or yz). Since for <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>lists of
[48]	16216	variables may be
[130]	16217	assigned, the digits at the end of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mode_dvrp</span>-string
	16218	select the quantity, which is given
	16219	at the respective position in the respective list (e.g. <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface02'</span>
[129]	16220	selects the second 3D quantity
[130]	16221	of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'slicer01'</span> selects the first 2D quantity
[129]	16222	of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span>).
	16223	If e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output</span> is assigned as <b>data_output</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u_xy'</span><i>,
	16224	'w_xz', 'v_yz'</i>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span><i>,
	16225	'u', 'w'</i>, then - assuming the above assignment of <span style="font-weight: bold;">mode_dvrp</span> - an
[48]	16226	isosurface of u, a
[5]	16227	horizontal cross section of u and
[129]	16228	a vertical cross section (xz) of w are created. For locations of the
[5]	16229	cross sections see <a href="#data_output">data_output</a>.
	16230	The theshold value for which the isosurface is
[336]	16231	to be created can be defined with parameter <a href="#threshold">threshold</a>. The isosurface color is controlled by parameter <a href="#isosurface_color">isosurface_color</a>.<br>
[108]	16232
	16233
	16234
[354]	16235
	16236
[108]	16237	</p>
	16238
	16239
[354]	16240
	16241
[108]	16242
	16243
	16244
[354]	16245
	16246
	16247	<p>The particles color and size can be set using parameters <a href="#particle_color">particle_color</a> and <a href="#particle_dvrpsize">particle_dvrpsize</a>.</p>
	16248
	16249
	16250	<p>The vertical extension of the displayed domain is
	16251	given by <a href="#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>.</p>
	16252
	16253
	16254	<p>The displayed horizontal domain can be restricted using parameters <a href="#clip_dvrp_l">clip_dvrp_l</a>, <a href="#clip_dvrp_r">clip_dvrp_r</a>, <a href="#clip_dvrp_n">clip_dvrp_n</a>, <a href="#clip_dvrp_s">clip_dvrp_s</a>.</p>
	16255
	16256
	16257	<p>If user-defined dvrp objects exist (see <a href="chapter_3.5.4.html">chapter 3.5.4</a>), then <span style="font-weight: bold;">mode_dvrp</span> may also refer to quantities selected with the parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#data_output_user">data_output_user</a> (internally PALM appends them to those selected with
[130]	16258	the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>).
[108]	16259
	16260
[354]	16261	</p>
	16262
	16263
	16264	<p><b>Assignments
[48]	16265	of mode_dvrp must correspond to those of data_output
[5]	16266	and
[130]	16267	data_output_user! </b>If e.g. <b>data_output</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt_xy'</span>,<span style="font-style: italic;"> 'w'</span><i> </i>was set, then only the digits "01" are allowed
[48]	16268	for <b>mode_dvrp</b>,
[130]	16269	thus <span style="font-style: italic;">'isosurface01'</span>
	16270	and/or <span style="font-style: italic;">'slicer01'</span><i>.</i>
[108]	16271	</p>
	16272
	16273
[354]	16274
	16275
[108]	16276
	16277
	16278
[354]	16279
	16280
[108]	16281	<p>Further details about using the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span> software are
[48]	16282	given in <a href="chapter_4.5.7.html">chapter
[108]	16283	4.5.7</a>.<br>
	16284
	16285
[354]	16286
	16287
[108]	16288	</p>
	16289
	16290
[354]	16291
	16292
[108]	16293	<b>Note:</b><br>
	16294
	16295
	16296
[354]	16297
	16298
[336]	16299	The declaration of color charts to be
[130]	16300	used still have to be given "manually" in subroutine <a href="chapter_3.4.html#user_dvrp_coltab"><span style="font-family: monospace;">user_dvrp_coltab</span></a>
[336]	16301	(file <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">user_dvrp_coltab.f90</font></tt>).
[108]	16302
	16303
[354]	16304	</td>
[108]	16305
	16306
	16307
[354]	16308
	16309
[108]	16310	</tr>
	16311
	16312
[354]	16313
	16314
	16315	<tr>
	16316
	16317	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a style="font-weight: bold;" name="particle_color"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_color</span></td>
	16318
	16319	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10</td>
	16320
	16321	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'none'</span></td>
	16322
	16323	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter, which allows to bind the displayed particle color to certain flow quantities.<br>
	16324
	16325	<br>
	16326
	16327	By default, particles have a black color.<br>
	16328
	16329	<br>
	16330
	16331	Allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_color</span> are:<br>
	16332
	16333	<br>
	16334
	16335
	16336	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	16337
	16338	<tbody>
	16339
	16340	<tr>
	16341
	16342	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'absuv'</span></td>
	16343
	16344	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle color depends on the absolute value of the resolved-scale horizontal velocity (SQRT(u<sup>2</sup>+v<sup>2</sup>) at the particle position.</td>
	16345
	16346	</tr>
	16347
	16348	<tr>
	16349
	16350	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'pt*'</span></td>
	16351
	16352	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle
[266]	16353	color depends on the deviation of the resolved-scale potential
	16354	temperature at the particle position from the horizontally averaged
[354]	16355	potential temperature (total domain).</td>
	16356
	16357	</tr>
	16358
	16359	<tr>
	16360
	16361	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'z'</span></td>
	16362
	16363	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Particle color depends on the height of the particle with respect to the bottom boundary (z=0).</td>
	16364
	16365	</tr>
	16366
	16367
	16368	</tbody>
	16369
	16370	</table>
	16371
	16372	<br>
	16373
	16374	The
[266]	16375	colortable used for particles ranges from deep blue to deep red with
	16376	yellow in between. The interval of values from the above listed
[354]	16377	quantities to be mapped to these colors is defined by parameter <a href="#color_interval">color_interval</a>.<br>
[108]	16378
[354]	16379	<br>
[108]	16380
[354]	16381	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:<br>
	16382
	16383	</span>If <span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_color</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span> and <a href="#color_interval">color_interval</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-0.5</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">+0.5</span>, then all particles at positions with <span style="font-style: italic;">pt </span><=<span style="font-style: italic;"> -0.5 K</span> will have a deep blue color and those at positions with <span style="font-style: italic;">pt</span> >= <span style="font-style: italic;">+0.5 K</span> will have a deep red color, while those with <span style="font-style: italic;">-0.5</span> < <span style="font-style: italic;">pt</span> < <span style="font-style: italic;">+0.5</span> will vary in color from deep blue to deep red and transition from yellow to blue indicate <span style="font-style: italic;">pt*</span> ~ <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span>.</td>
	16384
	16385	</tr>
	16386
	16387	<tr>
	16388
	16389	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="particle_dvrpsize"></a>particle_dvrpsize</span></td>
	16390
	16391	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10</td>
	16392
	16393	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'none'</span></td>
	16394
	16395	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter, which allows to bind the displayed particle size to certain flow quantities.<br>
	16396
	16397	<br>
	16398
	16399	The default particle size (diameter) is determined with parameter <a href="#dvrp_psize">dvrp_psize</a>.<br>
	16400
	16401	<br>
	16402
	16403	Allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_dvrpsize</span> are:<br>
	16404
	16405
	16406	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	16407
	16408	<tbody>
	16409
	16410	<tr>
	16411
	16412	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'absw'</span></td>
	16413
	16414	<td style="vertical-align: top;">The particle size depends on the absolute value of the resolved-scale vertical velocity w at the particle position.</td>
	16415
	16416	</tr>
	16417
	16418
	16419	</tbody>
	16420
	16421	</table>
	16422
	16423	<br>
	16424
	16425	The particle sizes ranges from 0.25<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> m to 0.85<a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> m. The interval of values from the above listed quantities to be mapped to these sizes is defined by parameter <a href="#dvrpsize_interval">dvrpsize_interval</a>.<br>
	16426
	16427	<br>
	16428
	16429	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	16430
	16431	If <span style="font-weight: bold;">particle_dvrpsize</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'absw'</span> and <a href="#dvrpsize_interval">dvrpsize_interval</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">2.0</span>, then all particles at positions where the absolute value of w is <= <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span> m/s will have a size of <span style="font-style: italic;">0.25dx</span> m and those at positions with \|w\| >= <span style="font-style: italic;">2.0</span> m/s will have a size of <span style="font-style: italic;">0.85dx</span> m, while those with <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span> m/s < \|w\| < <span style="font-style: italic;">2.0</span> m/s will linearly vary in size from <span style="font-style: italic;">0.25dx</span> m to <span style="font-style: italic;">0.85dx</span> m.</td>
	16432
	16433	</tr>
	16434
	16435	<tr>
	16436
	16437
	16438
	16439
[108]	16440	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="slicer_range_limits_dvrp"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">slicer_range_limits_<br>
	16441
	16442
	16443
[354]	16444
	16445
[108]	16446	dvrp</span></td>
	16447
	16448
[354]	16449
	16450
[108]	16451	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2,10)</td>
	16452
	16453
	16454
[354]	16455
	16456
[108]	16457	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10
	16458	* (-1,1)</span></td>
	16459
	16460
[354]	16461
	16462
[108]	16463	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ranges
[5]	16464	of values to which a color table has to be mapped (units of the
[108]	16465	respective quantity).<br>
	16466
	16467
[354]	16468
	16469
[108]	16470	<br>
	16471
	16472
	16473
[354]	16474
	16475
[5]	16476	In case that slicers have to be displayed (see <a href="#threshold">mode_dvrp</a>),
	16477	this parameter defines the ranges of values of the respective
	16478	quantities to which the colortable in use has to be mapped. If e.g. a
	16479	temperature slice shall be displayed, the colortable defines colors
	16480	from blue to red, and <span style="font-weight: bold;">slicer_range_limits_dvrp</span>
	16481	= 290.0, 305.0 then areas with temperature of 290 K are displayed in
	16482	dark blue and those with 305.0 are displayed in dark red. Temperatures
	16483	within these limits will be displayed by a continuous color gradient
	16484	from blue to red and Temperatures outside the limits will
[108]	16485	be displayed either in dark blue or in dark red.<br>
	16486
	16487
[354]	16488
	16489
[108]	16490	<br>
	16491
	16492
	16493
[354]	16494
	16495
[5]	16496	Up to ten different ranges can be assigned in case that more than one
[108]	16497	slicer has to be displayed.<br>
	16498
	16499
[354]	16500
	16501
[108]	16502	<br>
	16503
	16504
	16505
[354]	16506
	16507
[5]	16508	See <a href="#threshold">mode_dvrp</a>
[108]	16509	for the declaration of color charts.</td>
	16510
	16511
[354]	16512
	16513
[108]	16514	</tr>
	16515
	16516
[354]	16517
	16518
[108]	16519	<tr>
	16520
	16521
	16522
[354]	16523
	16524
[108]	16525	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16526
	16527
[354]	16528
	16529
[108]	16530	<p><a name="superelevation"></a><b>superelevation</b></p>
	16531
	16532
	16533
[354]	16534
	16535
[108]	16536	</td>
	16537
	16538
[354]	16539
	16540
[108]	16541	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	16542
	16543
	16544
[354]	16545
	16546
[108]	16547	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td>
	16548
	16549
	16550
[354]	16551
	16552
[108]	16553	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16554
	16555
[354]	16556
	16557
[108]	16558	<p>Superelevation
	16559	factor for the vertical coordinate.  </p>
	16560
	16561
[354]	16562
	16563
[108]	16564
	16565
	16566
[354]	16567
	16568
[108]	16569	<p>For
[48]	16570	domains with unfavorable ratio between the vertical and
[5]	16571	the horizontal size
	16572	(the vertical size is determined by <a href="#nz_do3d">nz_do3d</a>)
[48]	16573	a <span style="font-weight: bold;">superelevation</span>
	16574	/= <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span> may
	16575	be used. If e.g. the
[5]	16576	horizontal size is substantially larger
	16577	than the vertical size, a <span style="font-weight: bold;">superelevation</span>
[48]	16578	much larger than <span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span>
	16579	should
[5]	16580	be used, since otherwise the domain appears as a
	16581	"flat disk" in the visualization and thus the vertical direction is
[108]	16582	only very poorly resolved.</p>
	16583
	16584
[354]	16585
	16586
[108]	16587	</td>
	16588
	16589
[354]	16590
	16591
[108]	16592	</tr>
	16593
	16594
[354]	16595
	16596
[108]	16597	<tr>
	16598
	16599
	16600
[354]	16601
	16602
[108]	16603	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16604
	16605
[354]	16606
	16607
[108]	16608	<p><a name="superelevation_x"></a><b>superelevation_x</b></p>
	16609
	16610
	16611
[354]	16612
	16613
[108]	16614	</td>
	16615
	16616
[354]	16617
	16618
[108]	16619	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	16620
	16621
[354]	16622
	16623
[108]	16624	</td>
	16625
	16626
	16627
[354]	16628
	16629
[108]	16630	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">1.0<br>
	16631
	16632
	16633
[354]	16634
	16635
[108]	16636	</td>
	16637
	16638
[354]	16639
	16640
[108]	16641	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16642
	16643
[354]	16644
	16645
[108]	16646	<p>Superelevation
	16647	factor for the horizontal (x) coordinate.  </p>
	16648
	16649
[354]	16650
	16651
[108]	16652
	16653
	16654
[354]	16655
	16656
[108]	16657	<p>This
[48]	16658	parameter can be used to stretch the displayed domain
[5]	16659	along the x-direction. See also <a href="#superelevation">superelevation</a>.</p>
[108]	16660
	16661
	16662
[354]	16663
	16664
[108]	16665	</td>
	16666
	16667
[354]	16668
	16669
[108]	16670	</tr>
	16671
	16672
[354]	16673
	16674
[108]	16675	<tr>
	16676
	16677
[354]	16678
	16679
[108]	16680	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16681
	16682
[354]	16683
	16684
[108]	16685	<p><a name="superelevation_y"></a><b>superelevation_y</b></p>
	16686
	16687
	16688
[354]	16689
	16690
[108]	16691	</td>
	16692
	16693
[354]	16694
	16695
[108]	16696	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	16697
	16698
[354]	16699
	16700
[108]	16701	</td>
	16702
	16703
	16704
[354]	16705
	16706
[108]	16707	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">1.0<br>
	16708
	16709
	16710
[354]	16711
	16712
[108]	16713	</td>
	16714
	16715
[354]	16716
	16717
[108]	16718	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Superelevation
[48]	16719	factor for the
[108]	16720	horizontal (y) coordinate.
	16721
	16722
[354]	16723
	16724
[108]	16725	<p>This parameter can be
[48]	16726	used to
[108]	16727	stretch the displayed domain along the y-direction. See also <a href="#superelevation">superelevation</a>.</p>
	16728
	16729
[354]	16730
	16731
[108]	16732	</td>
	16733
	16734
	16735
[354]	16736
	16737
[108]	16738	</tr>
	16739
	16740
[354]	16741
	16742
[108]	16743	<tr>
	16744
	16745
[354]	16746
	16747
[108]	16748	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16749
	16750
[354]	16751
	16752
[108]	16753	<p><a name="threshold"></a><b>threshold</b></p>
	16754
	16755
	16756
[354]	16757
	16758
[108]	16759	</td>
	16760
	16761
[354]	16762
	16763
[108]	16764	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br>
	16765
	16766
	16767
[354]	16768
	16769
[108]	16770	</td>
	16771
	16772
[354]	16773
	16774
[108]	16775	<td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">0.0<br>
	16776
	16777
	16778
[354]	16779
	16780
[108]	16781	</td>
	16782
	16783
[354]	16784
	16785
[108]	16786	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16787
	16788
[354]	16789
	16790
[108]	16791	<p>Threshold
[48]	16792	value for which an isosurface is to be created by
	16793	the <span style="font-weight: bold;">dvrp</span>
[108]	16794	software.  </p>
	16795
	16796
[354]	16797
	16798
[108]	16799
	16800
	16801
[354]	16802
	16803
[108]	16804	<p>If the creation of
[48]	16805	isosurfaces is switched on via
[5]	16806	parameter <a href="#mode_dvrp">mode_dvrp</a>,
	16807	then the respective threshold value for which the isosurface is to be
[48]	16808	created can be assigned via <b>threshold</b>. If several
	16809	isosurfaces
	16810	are given by <b>mode_dvrp</b>, then an individual
	16811	threshold value for
[5]	16812	each isosurface can be assigned. The order of the threshold values
	16813	refers to the order of the isosurfaces given by <b>mode_dvrp</b>.</p>
[108]	16814
	16815
	16816
[354]	16817
	16818
[108]	16819	</td>
	16820
	16821
	16822
	16823
[354]	16824	</tr>
	16825
	16826	<tr>
	16827
	16828	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="topography_color"></a>topography_color</span></td>
	16829
	16830	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R(3)</td>
	16831
	16832	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.8, 0.7, 0.6</span></td>
	16833
	16834	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Color of the topography.<br>
	16835
	16836	<br>
	16837
	16838	The color is given in RGB (red/green/blue) portions. If topograpy is switched on (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a>), its default color is a kind of gray.</td>
	16839
	16840	</tr>
	16841
	16842
	16843
	16844
[108]	16845
	16846
	16847
[354]	16848
	16849
[108]	16850	</tbody>
	16851	</table>
	16852
	16853
[354]	16854
	16855
[108]	16856	<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
	16857
	16858
	16859
[354]	16860
	16861
[5]	16862	</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Package (<span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
	16863	option -p): <span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="spectra"></a>spectra</span>
	16864	NAMELIST group name: <span style="font-weight: bold;">spectra_par<br>
[108]	16865
	16866
	16867
[354]	16868
	16869
[108]	16870	<br>
	16871
	16872
[354]	16873
	16874
[108]	16875	</span></span></span>
	16876	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
	16877
	16878
[354]	16879
	16880
[108]	16881	<tbody>
	16882
	16883
[354]	16884
	16885
[108]	16886	<tr>
	16887
	16888
	16889
[354]	16890
	16891
[108]	16892	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter
	16893	name</b></font></td>
	16894
	16895
[354]	16896
	16897
[108]	16898	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td>
	16899
	16900
	16901
[354]	16902
	16903
[108]	16904	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16905
	16906
[354]	16907
	16908
[108]	16909	<p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br>
	16910
	16911
[354]	16912
	16913
[108]	16914	<b><font size="4">value</font></b></p>
	16915
	16916
[354]	16917
	16918
[108]	16919	</td>
	16920
	16921
	16922
[354]	16923
	16924
[108]	16925	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td>
	16926
	16927
	16928
[354]	16929
	16930
[108]	16931	</tr>
	16932
	16933
[354]	16934
	16935
[108]	16936	<tr>
	16937
	16938
[354]	16939
	16940
[108]	16941	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16942
	16943
[354]	16944
	16945
[108]	16946	<p><a name="averaging_interval_sp"></a><b>averaging_interval_sp</b></p>
	16947
	16948
	16949
[354]	16950
	16951
[108]	16952	</td>
	16953
	16954
[354]	16955
	16956
[108]	16957	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	16958
	16959
[354]	16960
	16961
[108]	16962	</td>
	16963
	16964
	16965
[354]	16966
	16967
[108]	16968	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval">averaging_<br>
	16969
	16970
	16971
[354]	16972
	16973
[108]	16974	interval</a></span> </td>
	16975
	16976
[354]	16977
	16978
[108]	16979	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	16980
	16981
[354]	16982
	16983
[108]	16984	<p>Averaging interval
[48]	16985	for spectra output to local
	16986	file <font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF">DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF</a>
[108]	16987	</font></font>and/or  <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
[48]	16988	/    <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_Y_DATA">PLOTSP_Y_DATA</a>
[108]	16989	(in s).  </p>
	16990
	16991
[354]	16992
	16993
[108]	16994
	16995
	16996
[354]	16997
	16998
[108]	16999	<p>If
[5]	17000	this parameter is given a non-zero value, temporally
	17001	averaged spectra data are output. By default, spectra data data are not
	17002	subject to temporal averaging. The interval length is limited by the
[48]	17003	parameter <a href="#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>. In any
	17004	case <b>averaging_interval_sp</b> <= <b>dt_dosp
[108]	17005	</b>must
	17006	hold.</p>
	17007
	17008
[354]	17009
	17010
[108]	17011	If an interval is defined, then by default the average
[48]	17012	is calculated
[5]	17013	from the data values of all timesteps lying within this interval. The
	17014	number of time levels entering into the average can be reduced with the
	17015	parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_averaging_input_pr">dt_averaging_input_pr</a>.
[108]	17016
	17017
[354]	17018
	17019
[108]	17020	<p>If
[5]	17021	an averaging interval can not be completed at the end of a run, it will
	17022	be finished at the beginning of the next restart run. Thus for restart
	17023	runs, averaging intervals do not
[108]	17024	necessarily begin at the beginning of the run.</p>
	17025
	17026
[354]	17027
	17028
[108]	17029	</td>
	17030
	17031
[354]	17032
	17033
[108]	17034	</tr>
	17035
	17036
	17037
[354]	17038
	17039
[108]	17040	<tr>
	17041
	17042
[354]	17043
	17044
[108]	17045	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><b><a name="comp_spectra_level"></a>comp_spectra_level</b></td>
	17046
	17047
	17048
[354]	17049
	17050
[189]	17051	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)</td>
[108]	17052
	17053
[354]	17054
	17055
[108]	17056	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>no level</i></td>
	17057
	17058
	17059
[354]	17060
	17061
[108]	17062	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17063
	17064
[354]	17065
	17066
[108]	17067	<p>Vertical level
[48]	17068	for which horizontal spectra are to be
[108]	17069	calculated and output (gridpoints).<br>
	17070
	17071
[354]	17072
	17073
[108]	17074	</p>
	17075
	17076
[354]	17077
	17078
[108]	17079	<br>
	17080
	17081
	17082
[354]	17083
	17084
[189]	17085	Spectra can be calculated for up to 100 levels.</td>
[108]	17086
	17087
[354]	17088
	17089
[108]	17090	</tr>
	17091
	17092
	17093
[354]	17094
	17095
[108]	17096	<tr>
	17097
	17098
[354]	17099
	17100
[108]	17101	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17102
	17103
[354]	17104
	17105
[108]	17106	<p><a name="data_output_sp"></a><b>data_output_sp</b></p>
	17107
	17108
[354]	17109
	17110
[108]	17111	</td>
	17112
	17113
[354]	17114
	17115
[108]	17116	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*10 (10)</td>
	17117
	17118
[354]	17119
	17120
[108]	17121	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * ' '</i></td>
	17122
	17123
[354]	17124
	17125
[108]	17126	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17127
	17128
[354]	17129
	17130
[108]	17131	<p>Quantities for which
[48]	17132	horizontal spectra are to be calculated
[108]	17133	and output.</p>
	17134
	17135
[354]	17136
	17137
[108]	17138
	17139
	17140
[354]	17141
	17142
[144]	17143	<p>Allowed standard values are:  <b>data_output_sp</b>
	17144	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'w'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'pt'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'q'</span>. The user may define further quantities (see <a href="chapter_3.5.4#spectra">chapter 3.5.4 part 5</a>).<br>
[108]	17145
	17146
[354]	17147
	17148
[108]	17149	</p>
	17150
	17151
	17152
[354]	17153
	17154
[108]	17155
	17156
[354]	17157
	17158
[108]	17159	<p>Spectra are calculated using the FFT-method defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#fft_method">fft_method</a>.</p>
	17160
	17161
	17162
[354]	17163
	17164
[108]	17165
	17166
[354]	17167
	17168
[108]	17169	<p>By default spectra data are output to the local file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF">DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF</a>.
[48]	17170	The file's format is NetCDF.  Further details about processing
[108]	17171	NetCDF data are given in chapter <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">4.5.1</a>.</p>
	17172
	17173
[354]	17174
	17175
[108]	17176
	17177
[354]	17178
	17179
[108]	17180	<p>The
[48]	17181	temporal interval of the output times of profiles is
[108]	17182	assigned via the parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>. </p>
	17183
	17184
[354]	17185
	17186
[108]	17187
	17188
[354]	17189
	17190
[108]	17191	<p>The
[48]	17192	vertical levels for which spectra are to be computed and output must be
	17193	given by parameter <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font>.
[108]	17194	</p>
	17195
	17196
[354]	17197
	17198
[108]	17199	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br>
	17200
	17201
	17202
[354]	17203
	17204
[48]	17205	Beside <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_sp</span>,
	17206	values <span style="font-weight: bold;">must</span>
	17207	be given for each of the
[5]	17208	parameters,  <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font>,
	17209	and <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_direction"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">spectra_direction</font></span></a></font>,
[48]	17210	otherwise <span style="font-weight: bold;">no</span>
	17211	output will be
[108]	17212	created!<br>
	17213
	17214
[354]	17215
	17216
[108]	17217	<br>
	17218
	17219
[354]	17220
	17221
[108]	17222	<br>
	17223
	17224
	17225
[354]	17226
	17227
[5]	17228	Calculation of spectra requires cyclic boundary conditions
	17229	along the respective directions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
[48]	17230	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).For
	17231	historical reasons, data can also be output in ASCII-format on local
	17232	files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
	17233	and/or <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_Y_DATA">PLOTSP_Y_DATA</a>
	17234	(depending on the direction(s) along which spectra are to be
	17235	calculated; see <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_direction"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">spectra_direction</font></span></a>),</font>
	17236	which are readable by the graphic software <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>. See
	17237	parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
	17238	for defining the format in which data shall be output. Within
	17239	these file, the spectra are ordered with respect to their
[5]	17240	output times. Spectra can also be temporally averaged (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#averaging_interval_sp">averaging_interval_sp</a>
[48]	17241	). <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_direction"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a>Each data point of a
	17242	spectrum is output in a single line (1st column:
[5]	17243	wavenumber, 2nd column: spectral coefficient). If spectra are to be
	17244	calculated and output for more than one height (see </font><font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font><font>),
	17245	the spectral coefficients for the further heighs can be found in the
	17246	subsequent columns. </font>The order
	17247	of the data in the file follows the order used in the assignment for <b>data_output_sp</b>
[493]	17248	(<b>data_output_sp</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>,…
[5]	17249	means that the file starts with the spectra of the u-component,
[48]	17250	followed by the v-component spectra, etc.). Additional to the files
	17251	PLOTSP_X_DATA and PLOTSP_Y_DATA which contain
[5]	17252	the data,
	17253	PALM creates NAMELIST parameter files (local name <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_PAR">PLOTSP_X_PAR</a>
	17254	and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOTSP_X_PAR">PLOTSP_Y_PAR</a>)
	17255	which can be used as parameter input file for the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_intro.html">profil</a>.
	17256	Spectra can be directly plotted with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
	17257	using the data and the corresponding parameter file. The
	17258	plot layout is
	17259	steered via the parameter input file. The vertical levels for which
[48]	17260	spectra are to be plotted must be given by <font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#plot_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">plot_spectra_level</font></span></a></font><font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"></span></a></font>. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>Otherwise, no
	17261	spectra
[5]	17262	will appear on the plot, although data are available on file. All
	17263	parameter values can be changed by editing the parameter
	17264	input
[108]	17265	file.<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
	17266
	17267
[354]	17268
	17269
[108]	17270	</span></td>
	17271
	17272
[354]	17273
	17274
[108]	17275	</tr>
	17276
	17277
[354]	17278
	17279
[108]	17280	<tr>
	17281
	17282
	17283
[354]	17284
	17285
[108]	17286	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17287
	17288
[354]	17289
	17290
[108]	17291	<p><a name="dt_dosp"></a><b>dt_dosp</b></p>
	17292
	17293
	17294
[354]	17295
	17296
[108]	17297	</td>
	17298
	17299
[354]	17300
	17301
[108]	17302	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td>
	17303
	17304
	17305
[354]	17306
	17307
[108]	17308	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>value of
	17309	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_data_output">dt_data_<br>
	17310
	17311
[354]	17312
	17313
[108]	17314	output</a></i></td>
	17315
	17316
	17317
[354]	17318
	17319
[108]	17320	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17321
	17322
[354]	17323
	17324
[108]	17325	<p>Temporal
[48]	17326	interval at which spectra data shall be output
[108]	17327	(in s).  </p>
	17328
	17329
[354]	17330
	17331
[108]	17332
	17333
	17334
[354]	17335
	17336
[108]	17337	<p><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">If output of
[48]	17338	horizontal spectra is switched on (see </font></span><a href="#data_output_sp"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">data_output_sp</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">), </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">this
	17339	parameter can be used to
[5]	17340	assign the temporal interval at which spectral data  shall be
[48]	17341	output. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Output can be skipped at the beginning of a
	17342	simulation using parameter <a href="#skip_time_dosp">skip_time_dosp</a>,
	17343	which has zero value by default. </font></span><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">Reference
[5]	17344	time is the beginning of
	17345	the simulation, i.e. output takes place at times t = <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span> + <b>dt_dosp</b>,
[108]	17346	<span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span>
[48]	17347	+ 2<b>dt_dosp</b>, skip_time_dosp + 3<b>dt_dosp</b>,
	17348	etc. The actual output times can
	17349	deviate from these theoretical values (see </font></span><a href="#dt_dopr_zeitpunkte"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt_dopr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">).
	17350	If <b>dt_dosp</b> < </font></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">dt</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">, then
	17351	spectral data are output
[5]	17352	after each time step (if this is requested it should be <b>dt_dosp</b>
[108]	17353	= <i>0</i>).</font></span> </p>
	17354
	17355
[354]	17356
	17357
[108]	17358	</td>
	17359
	17360
	17361
[354]	17362
	17363
[108]	17364	</tr>
	17365
	17366
[354]	17367
	17368
[108]	17369	<tr>
	17370
	17371
[354]	17372
	17373
[108]	17374	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17375
	17376
[354]	17377
	17378
[108]	17379	<p><a name="plot_spectra_level"></a><b>plot_spectra_level</b></p>
	17380
	17381
	17382
[354]	17383
	17384
[108]	17385	</td>
	17386
	17387
[354]	17388
	17389
[189]	17390	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I(100)</td>
[108]	17391
	17392
	17393
[354]	17394
	17395
[108]	17396	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>no level</i></td>
	17397
	17398
	17399
[354]	17400
	17401
[108]	17402	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17403
	17404
[354]	17405
	17406
[108]	17407	<p>Vertical
[48]	17408	level(s) for which horizontal spectra are to be
[108]	17409	plotted (in gridpoints).  </p>
	17410
	17411
[354]	17412
	17413
[108]	17414
	17415
	17416
[354]	17417
	17418
[108]	17419	<p>This parameter
[48]	17420	only affects the display of spectra in plots
	17421	created with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
	17422	The
[5]	17423	spectral data created and output to file are exclusively determined via
[108]	17424	<font><a href="#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font>.</p>
	17425
	17426
	17427
[354]	17428
	17429
[108]	17430	</td>
	17431
	17432
[354]	17433
	17434
[108]	17435	</tr>
	17436
	17437
[354]	17438
	17439
[108]	17440	<tr>
	17441
	17442
[354]	17443
	17444
[108]	17445	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="skip_time_dosp"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span></td>
	17446
	17447
	17448
[354]	17449
	17450
[108]	17451	<td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br>
	17452
	17453
[354]	17454
	17455
[108]	17456	</td>
	17457
	17458
[354]	17459
	17460
[108]	17461	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">value of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#skip_time_data_output">skip_time_<br>
	17462
	17463
[354]	17464
	17465
[108]	17466	data_output</a></span>
	17467	</td>
	17468
	17469
[354]	17470
	17471
[108]	17472	<td style="vertical-align: top;">No output of
	17473	spectra data before this interval has passed (in s).<br>
	17474
	17475
[354]	17476
	17477
[108]	17478	<br>
	17479
	17480
[354]	17481
	17482
[108]	17483	This
[48]	17484	parameter causes that data output activities are starting not before
	17485	this interval
[108]	17486	(counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. <br>
	17487
	17488
[354]	17489
	17490
[108]	17491	<br>
	17492
	17493
[354]	17494
	17495
[108]	17496	<span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br>
	17497
	17498
[354]	17499
	17500
[108]	17501	If
[48]	17502	the user has set <a href="#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">3600.0</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">skip_time_dosp</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">1800.0</span>, then the
[108]	17503	first output will be done at t = 5400 s. </td>
	17504
	17505
[354]	17506
	17507
[108]	17508	</tr>
	17509
	17510
	17511
[354]	17512
	17513
[108]	17514	<tr>
	17515
	17516
[354]	17517
	17518
[108]	17519	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17520
	17521
[354]	17522
	17523
[108]	17524	<p><a name="spectra_direction"></a><b>spectra_direction</b></p>
	17525
	17526
	17527
[354]	17528
	17529
[108]	17530	</td>
	17531
	17532
[354]	17533
	17534
[108]	17535	<td style="vertical-align: top;">C*2 (10)</td>
	17536
	17537
	17538
[354]	17539
	17540
[108]	17541	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * ' '</i></td>
	17542
	17543
	17544
[354]	17545
	17546
[108]	17547	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
	17548
	17549
[354]	17550
	17551
[108]	17552	<p>Direction(s)
	17553	along which spectra are to be calculated.  </p>
	17554
	17555
[354]	17556
	17557
[108]	17558
	17559
	17560
[354]	17561
	17562
[108]	17563	<p>Allowed
[48]	17564	values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'x'</span>,
[108]	17565	<span style="font-style: italic;">'y'</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span>. For
[5]	17566	every quantity given by <a href="#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>
	17567	a corresponding
[48]	17568	direction<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>must
[108]	17569	be assigned.<br>
	17570
	17571
[354]	17572
	17573
[108]	17574	</p>
	17575
	17576
[354]	17577
	17578
[108]	17579
	17580
	17581
[354]	17582
	17583
[108]	17584	<p>Calculation of spectra
[48]	17585	requires cyclic boundary conditions
[5]	17586	along the respective directions (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>
	17587	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</p>
[108]	17588
	17589
	17590
[354]	17591
	17592
[108]	17593	</td>
	17594
	17595
[354]	17596
	17597
[108]	17598	</tr>
	17599
	17600
[354]	17601
	17602
[108]	17603
	17604
	17605
[354]	17606
	17607
[108]	17608	</tbody>
	17609	</table>
	17610
	17611
[354]	17612
	17613
[108]	17614	<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
	17615
	17616
	17617
[354]	17618
	17619
[108]	17620	</span></span></span>
	17621	<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><br>
	17622
	17623
[354]	17624
	17625
[108]	17626	<a href="chapter_4.1.html"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a><a href="chapter_4.3.html"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></a></h3>
	17627
	17628
[354]	17629
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