[973] | 1 | %$Id: exercise_topography.tex 974 2012-08-08 09:34:21Z keck $ |
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| 2 | \input{header_tmp.tex} |
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| 3 | %\input{../header_lectures.tex} |
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| 4 | |
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| 5 | \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} |
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| 6 | \usepackage{ngerman} |
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| 7 | \usepackage{pgf} |
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| 8 | \usetheme{Dresden} |
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| 9 | \usepackage{subfigure} |
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| 10 | \usepackage{units} |
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| 11 | \usepackage{multimedia} |
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| 12 | \usepackage{hyperref} |
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| 13 | \newcommand{\event}[1]{\newcommand{\eventname}{#1}} |
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| 14 | \usepackage{xmpmulti} |
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| 15 | \usepackage{tikz} |
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| 16 | \usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning,decorations.pathreplacing} |
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| 17 | \def\Tiny{\fontsize{4pt}{4pt}\selectfont} |
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| 18 | |
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| 19 | %---------- neue Pakete |
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| 20 | \usepackage{amsmath} |
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| 21 | \usepackage{amssymb} |
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| 22 | \usepackage{multicol} |
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| 23 | \usepackage{pdfcomment} |
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| 24 | \usepackage{xcolor} |
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| 25 | |
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| 26 | \institute{Institut fÌr Meteorologie und Klimatologie, Leibniz UniversitÀt Hannover} |
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| 27 | \date{last update: \today} |
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| 28 | \event{PALM Seminar} |
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| 29 | \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} |
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| 30 | \setbeamersize{text margin left=.5cm,text margin right=.2cm} |
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| 31 | \setbeamertemplate{footline} |
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| 32 | {% |
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| 33 | \begin{beamercolorbox}[rightskip=-0.1cm]& |
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| 34 | {\includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{imuk_logo.pdf}\hfill \includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{luh_logo.pdf}} |
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| 35 | \end{beamercolorbox} |
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| 36 | \begin{beamercolorbox}[ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,% |
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| 37 | leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=0.3cm plus1fil]{title in head/foot}% |
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| 38 | {\leavevmode{\usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}\insertshortauthor} \hfill \eventname \hfill \insertframenumber \; / \inserttotalframenumber}% |
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| 39 | \end{beamercolorbox}% |
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| 40 | % \begin{beamercolorbox}[colsep=1.5pt]{lower separation line foot}% |
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| 41 | % \end{beamercolorbox} |
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| 42 | }%\logo{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{luhimuk_logo.eps}} |
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| 43 | |
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| 44 | \title[Exercise - Topography]{Exercise - Topography} |
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| 45 | \author{Siegfried Raasch} |
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| 46 | |
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| 47 | % Notes: |
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| 48 | % jede subsection bekommt einen punkt im menu (vertikal ausgerichtet. |
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| 49 | % jeder frame in einer subsection bekommt einen punkt (horizontal ausgerichtet) |
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| 50 | \begin{document} |
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| 51 | % Folie 1 |
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| 52 | \begin{frame} |
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| 53 | \titlepage |
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| 54 | \end{frame} |
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| 55 | |
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| 56 | \section{Exercise} |
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| 57 | \subsection{Exercise} |
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| 58 | |
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| 59 | % Folie 2 |
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| 60 | \begin{frame} |
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| 61 | \frametitle{Exercise} |
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| 62 | Please carry out \textbf{two runs} with following conditions. |
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| 63 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 64 | \item{Single surface-mounted cube} |
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| 65 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 66 | \item[1.)]{First run ''generic'' using {\tt topography = 'single\_building'}} |
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| 67 | \item[2.)]{Second run ''raster'' using {\tt topography = 'read\_from\_file'} |
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| 68 | with ASCII file ...\_topo} |
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| 69 | \end{itemize} |
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| 70 | \item{Neutral boundary layer in a channel} |
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| 71 | \item{Constant bulk velocity} |
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| 72 | \item{No Coriolis force} |
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| 73 | \item{Simulation features:} |
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| 74 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 75 | \item{domain size: (80 m)$^3$ (x/y/z)} |
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| 76 | \item{grid size: 2 m equidistant} |
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| 77 | \item{cube: size (40 m)$^3$, location centered in the domain center} |
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| 78 | \item{simulated time: 7200 s} |
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| 79 | \item{initial velocity: u = 1, v = 0 m/s} |
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| 80 | \end{itemize} |
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| 81 | \end{itemize} |
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| 82 | \textbf{Please use the same building (size, location) for both runs!} |
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| 83 | \end{frame} |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | % Folie 3 |
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| 86 | \begin{frame} |
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| 87 | \frametitle{Questions to be Answered} |
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| 88 | \small |
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| 89 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 90 | \item{Can you identify flow convergence / divergence patterns near the cube?} |
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| 91 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 92 | \item{What kind of output do you need to answer this?} |
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| 93 | \end{itemize} |
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| 94 | \item{How does the horizontally and temporally averaged momentum flux profile look |
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| 95 | like?} |
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| 96 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 97 | \item{How long should the averaging time interval be?} |
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| 98 | \end{itemize} |
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| 99 | \item{Is it really a large-eddy simulation?} |
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| 100 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 101 | \item{Are the subgrid-scale fluxes much smaller than the resolved-scale fluxes?} |
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| 102 | \item{How do the total kinetic energy and the maximum velocity components change |
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| 103 | with time?} |
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| 104 | \end{itemize} |
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| 105 | \end{itemize} |
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| 106 | \textbf{Final question:} |
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| 107 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 108 | \item{Do the results of both runs agree?} |
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| 109 | \end{itemize} |
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| 110 | \end{frame} |
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| 111 | |
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| 112 | % Folie 4 |
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[974] | 113 | \begin{frame} |
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| 114 | \frametitle{Hints (I)} |
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| 115 | \scriptsize |
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| 116 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 117 | \item{\textbf{Domain size}} |
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| 118 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 119 | \scriptsize |
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| 120 | \item{Is controlled by grid size (\textbf{dx}, \textbf{dy}, \textbf{dz}) and number of grid points |
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| 121 | (\textbf{nx}, \textbf{ny}, \textbf{nz}). Since the first grid point along one of the directions has |
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| 122 | index 0, the total number of grid points used are \textbf{nx}+1, \textbf{ny}+1, \textbf{nz}+1. |
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| 123 | The total domain size in case of cyclic horizontal boundary conditions is |
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| 124 | (\textbf{nx}+1)$\cdot$\textbf{dx}, (\textbf{ny}+1)$\cdot$\textbf{dy}.} |
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| 125 | \end{itemize} |
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| 126 | \item{\textbf{Initial profiles}} |
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[973] | 127 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 128 | \scriptsize |
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| 129 | \item{Constant with height. See parameter \textbf{initializing\_actions} for available |
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| 130 | initialization methods. See \textbf{ug\_surface}, \textbf{vg\_surface} for initial values of |
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| 131 | velocity.} |
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| 132 | \end{itemize} |
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| 133 | \item{\textbf{Boundary conditions}} |
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| 134 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 135 | \scriptsize |
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| 136 | \item{For channel boundary condition, see \textbf{bc\_uv\_t}.} |
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| 137 | \end{itemize} |
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| 138 | \item{\textbf{Forcing}} |
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| 139 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 140 | \scriptsize |
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| 141 | \item{For constant bulk velocity, see \textbf{conserve\_volume\_flow}.} |
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| 142 | \item{For Coriolis force, see \textbf{omega}.} |
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| 143 | \end{itemize} |
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| 144 | \item{\textbf{Topography}} |
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| 145 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 146 | \scriptsize |
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| 147 | \item{For generic topography, see \textbf{building\_height}, \textbf{building\_length\_x} and |
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| 148 | \textbf{building\_length\_y}.} |
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| 149 | \item{For raster topography, please use a text editor to manually create an |
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| 150 | ASCII ''raster\_topo'' file that contains the same building.} |
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| 151 | \end{itemize} |
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[974] | 152 | \end{itemize} |
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| 153 | \end{frame} |
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[973] | 154 | |
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| 155 | % Folie 5 |
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| 156 | \begin{frame} |
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| 157 | \frametitle{Hints (II)} |
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| 158 | \footnotesize |
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| 159 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 160 | \item{\textbf{Simulation time}} |
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| 161 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 162 | \footnotesize |
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| 163 | \item{See parameter \textbf{end\_time}.} |
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| 164 | \end{itemize} |
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| 165 | \item{\textbf{Variables}} |
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| 166 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 167 | \footnotesize |
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| 168 | \item{Output variables are chosen with parameters \textbf{data\_output} (3d-data or |
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| 169 | 2d-cross-sections) and \textbf{data\_output\_pr} (profiles).} |
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| 170 | \item{Time series are activated using \textbf{dt\_dots}.} |
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| 171 | \end{itemize} |
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| 172 | \item{\textbf{Output intervals}} |
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| 173 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 174 | \footnotesize |
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| 175 | \item{Output intervals are set with parameter \textbf{dt\_data\_output}. This parameter |
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| 176 | affects all output (cross-sections, profiles, etc.). Individual temporal |
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| 177 | intervals for the different output quantities can be assigned using |
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| 178 | parameters \textbf{dt\_do3d}, \textbf{dt\_do2d\_xy}, \textbf{dt\_do2d\_xz}, \textbf{dt\_do2d\_yz}, \textbf{dt\_dopr}, |
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| 179 | etc. } |
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| 180 | \end{itemize} |
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| 181 | \item{\textbf{Time averaging}} |
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| 182 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 183 | \footnotesize |
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| 184 | \item{Time averaging is controlled with parameters \textbf{averaging\_interval}, |
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| 185 | \textbf{averaging\_interval\_pr}, \textbf{dt\_averaging\_input}, \textbf{dt\_averaging\_input\_pr}.} |
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| 186 | \end{itemize} |
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| 187 | \end{itemize} |
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| 188 | \end{frame} |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | % Folie 6 |
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| 191 | \begin{frame} |
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| 192 | \frametitle{Further Hints} |
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| 193 | \scriptsize |
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| 194 | Please see under \\ |
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| 195 | \textbf{http://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/wiki/doc/app/netcdf} \\ |
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| 196 | \par\medskip |
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| 197 | where the complete PALM netCDF-data-output and the respective steering parameters are described. |
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| 198 | \par\medskip |
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| 199 | For topography, see \\ |
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| 200 | \textbf{http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/$\sim$raasch/PALM\_group/doc/app/ |
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| 201 | chapter\_4.1.html\#topography}\\ |
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| 202 | \par\medskip |
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| 203 | and especially for raster topography, see also |
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| 204 | \textbf{http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/$\sim$raasch/PALM\_group/doc/app/ |
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| 205 | chapter\_3.4.html\#TOPOGRAPHY\_DATA} \\ |
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| 206 | \par\medskip |
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| 207 | as well as the presentation ''Using topography (I)''. |
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| 208 | \end{frame} |
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| 209 | |
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| 210 | % Folie 7 |
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| 211 | \begin{frame} |
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| 212 | \frametitle{Proceeding} |
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| 213 | Please proceed as follows: |
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| 214 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 215 | \item[1.]{Please run with the ''generic'' topography case first.} |
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| 216 | \item[2.]{Check your results to answer all questions â except the final question.} |
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| 217 | \item[3.]{After this run has finished, use ncview, ncdump etc. to check the precise |
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| 218 | location of the building (look at 2D array zusi that is contained in 2D xy |
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| 219 | cross-sections and 3D volume data).} |
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| 220 | \item[4.]{Use this information to manually create the ''raster\_topo'' file.} |
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| 221 | \item[5.]{Run the ''raster'' topography case.} |
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| 222 | \item[6.]{Compare both simulation results to answer the final question.} |
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| 223 | \end{itemize} |
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| 224 | \end{frame} |
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| 225 | |
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| 226 | % Folie 8 |
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| 227 | \begin{frame} |
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| 228 | \frametitle{How to Start?} |
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| 229 | \footnotesize |
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| 230 | \begin{itemize} |
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| 231 | \item{Create two \textbf{INPUT} directories for both new runs: \\ |
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| 232 | {\tt cd $\sim$/palm/current\_version} \\ |
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| 233 | {\tt mkdir -p JOBS/generic/INPUT} \\ |
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| 234 | {\tt mkdir -p JOBS/raster/INPUT}} |
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| 235 | \item{Create the parameter files and {\tt raster\_topo} file and set the required |
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| 236 | parameters in \\ |
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| 237 | {\tt JOBS/generic/INPUT/generic\_p3d} \\ |
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| 238 | {\tt JOBS/raster/INPUT/raster\_p3d}} |
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| 239 | \item{Start the runs one by one with mrun-commands \\ |
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| 240 | {\tt mrun -d generic -K parallel ...} \\ |
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| 241 | {\tt mrun -d raster -K parallel ...}} |
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| 242 | \item{and analyze the output files in \\ |
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| 243 | {\tt JOBS/generic/OUTPUT} \\ |
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| 244 | {\tt JOBS/raster/OUTPUT}} |
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| 245 | \end{itemize} |
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| 246 | \end{frame} |
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| 247 | |
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| 248 | \section{Results} |
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| 249 | \subsection{Results} |
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| 250 | |
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| 251 | % Folie 9 |
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| 252 | \begin{frame} |
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| 253 | \frametitle{Flow convergence / divergence (I)} |
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| 254 | \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/cross_sections/u_xy.eps} \hspace{0.8cm} |
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| 255 | \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/cross_sections/v_xy.eps} |
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| 256 | \end{frame} |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | % Folie 10 |
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| 259 | \begin{frame} |
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| 260 | \frametitle{Flow convergence / divergence (II)} |
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| 261 | \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/cross_sections/w_xy.eps} \hspace{0.8cm} |
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| 262 | \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/cross_sections/w_xz.eps} |
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| 263 | \end{frame} |
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| 264 | |
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| 265 | % Folie 11 |
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| 266 | \begin{frame} |
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| 267 | \frametitle{Streamlines} |
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| 268 | \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/streamlines/streamlines_xy.eps} \hspace{0.8cm} |
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| 269 | \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/streamlines/streamlines_xz.eps} \hspace{0.8cm} |
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| 270 | \end{frame} |
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| 271 | |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | % Folie 12 |
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| 274 | \begin{frame} |
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| 275 | \frametitle{Vertical profiles of $\overline{w'u'}$, $\overline{w'v'}$} |
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| 276 | \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/profiles/wu_time_pr.eps} \hspace{0.8cm} |
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| 277 | \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/profiles/wv_time_pr.eps} |
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| 278 | \end{frame} |
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| 279 | |
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| 280 | % Folie 13 |
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| 281 | \begin{frame} |
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| 282 | \frametitle{LES? - Fluxes} |
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| 283 | \begin{center} |
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| 284 | \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/profiles/wu_comp_pr.eps} |
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| 285 | \end{center} |
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| 286 | \end{frame} |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | % Folie 14 |
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| 289 | \begin{frame} |
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| 290 | \frametitle{LES? - Time Series (I)} |
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| 291 | \begin{center} |
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| 292 | \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/timeseries/E_ts.eps} \\ |
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| 293 | \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/timeseries/umax_ts.eps} |
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| 294 | \end{center} |
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| 295 | \end{frame} |
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| 296 | |
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| 297 | % Folie 15 |
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| 298 | \begin{frame} |
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| 299 | \frametitle{LES? - Time Series (II)} |
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| 300 | \begin{center} |
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| 301 | \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/timeseries/vmax_ts.eps} \\ |
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| 302 | \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/timeseries/wmax_ts.eps} |
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| 303 | \end{center} |
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| 304 | \end{frame} |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | \end{document} |
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