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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4829

Last change on this file since 4829 was 4828, checked in by Giersch, 4 years ago
Copyright updated to year 2021, interface pmc_sort removed to accelarate the nesting code
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 143.8 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
6	! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
7	! (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
10	! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
11	! Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see
14	! <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 2009-2021 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
17	! Copyright 1997-2021 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4828 2021-01-05 11:21:41Z suehring $
28	! reset n_turbines_max to 1E4 (10 000), because it was set to 1 000 in r4497 by mistake
29	!
30	! 4535 2020-05-15 12:07:23Z raasch
31	! bugfix for restart data format query
32	!
33	! 4528 2020-05-11 14:14:09Z oliver.maas
34	! added namelist parameter smearing_kernel_size
35	!
36	! 4497 2020-04-15 10:20:51Z raasch
37	! file re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard
38	!
39	!
40	! 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch
41	! restart data handling with MPI-IO added
42	!
43	! 4481 2020-03-31 18:55:54Z maronga
44	! ASCII output cleanup
45	!
46	! 4465 2020-03-20 11:35:48Z maronga
47	! Removed old ASCII outputm, some syntax layout adjustments, added output for rotor and tower
48	! diameters. Added warning message in case of NetCDF 3 (no WTM output file will be produced).
49	!
50	! 4460 2020-03-12 16:47:30Z oliver.maas
51	! allow for simulating up to 10 000 wind turbines
52	!
53	! 4459 2020-03-12 09:35:23Z oliver.maas
54	! avoid division by zero in tip loss correction factor calculation
55	!
56	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
57	! use statement for exchange horiz added
58	!
59	! 4447 2020-03-06 11:05:30Z oliver.maas
60	! renamed wind_turbine_parameters namelist variables
61	!
62	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
63	! Bugfix: shifted netcdf preprocessor directive to correct position
64	!
65	! 4436 2020-03-03 12:47:02Z oliver.maas
66	! added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
67	!
68	! 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z oliver.maas
69	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number of time steps has to be given for
70	! wtm_data_output
71	!
72	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
73	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
74	!
75	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
76	! Added output control for wind turbine model
77	!
78	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
79	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
80	!
81	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
82	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
83	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
84	!
85	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
86	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static topography
87	! information used in wall_flags_static_0
88	!
89	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
90	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be greater than dlen
91	!
92	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
93	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
94	!
95	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
96	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher torque and power values
97	!
98	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
99	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
100	!
101	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
102	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
103	!
104	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
105	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort will happen for
106	! location values that are not implemented as CASE statements but are already realized in the code
107	! (e.g. pt-tendency)
108	!
109	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
110	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction of additional debug
111	! messages
112	!
113	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
114	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
115	!
116	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
117	! instrumented with openmp directives
118	!
119	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
120	! unused variables removed
121	!
122	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
123	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
124	!
125	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
126	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
127	!
128	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
129	! Initial revision
130	!
131	!
132	! Description:
133	! ------------
134	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The initial version
135	!> contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method (ADM-R).
136	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
137	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and yaw.
138	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine are hardcoded whereas most input
139	!> data comes from separate files (currently external, planned to be included as namelist which will
140	!> be read in automatically).
141	!>
142	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
143	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
144	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
145	!> @todo Generate header information
146	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
147	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
148	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
149	!> @todo Include additional output variables
150	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
151	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
152	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
153	!
154	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
155	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
156
157	USE arrays_3d, &
158	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
159
160	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
161	ONLY: pi
162
163	USE control_parameters, &
164	ONLY: coupling_char, &
165	debug_output, &
166	dt_3d, dz, end_time, initializing_actions, message_string, &
167	origin_date_time, restart_data_format_output, time_since_reference_point, &
168	wind_turbine
169
170	USE cpulog, &
171	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
172
173	USE data_output_module
174
175	USE grid_variables, &
176	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
177
178	USE indices, &
179	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
180	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
181
182	USE kinds
183
184	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
185	ONLY: check_existence, &
186	close_input_file, &
187	get_variable, &
188	input_pids_wtm, &
189	inquire_num_variables, &
190	inquire_variable_names, &
191	input_file_wtm, &
192	num_var_pids, &
193	open_read_file, &
194	pids_id, &
195	vars_pids
196
197	USE pegrid
198
199	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
200	ONLY: rrd_mpi_io_global_array, wrd_mpi_io_global_array
201
202
203	IMPLICIT NONE
204
205	PRIVATE
206
207	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
208	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename !<
209
210
211	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: n_turbines_max = 1E4 !< maximum number of turbines (for array allocation)
212
213
214	!
215	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
216	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_airfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
217	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_turbines = 1 !< number of turbines
218
219	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
220	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
221	LOGICAL :: tip_loss_correction = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
222	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
223
224
225	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE. !<
226
227
228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
229	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
231	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
232
233
234	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
235	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
236
237
238	REAL(wp) :: segment_length_tangential = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
239	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
240	REAL(wp) :: segment_width_radial = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
241	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
242
243	REAL(wp) :: smearing_kernel_size = 2.0_wp !< size of the smearing kernel as multiples of dx
244
245	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
246	REAL(wp) :: tilt_angle = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt_angle of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
247
248	!< ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_x = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_y = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_z = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_radius = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
253	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_cd = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_cd = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: rotor_radius = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max), TARGET :: rotor_speed = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_diameter = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: yaw_angle = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree]
260
261
262	!
263	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
264	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
265	REAL(wp) :: air_density = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
266	REAL(wp) :: gear_efficiency = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
267	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
268	REAL(wp) :: generator_power_rated = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
269	REAL(wp) :: generator_inertia = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
270	REAL(wp) :: generator_efficiency = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
271	REAL(wp) :: generator_speed_rated = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
272	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_max = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
273	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_rate_max = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
274	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
275	REAL(wp) :: region_2_slope = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
276	REAL(wp) :: region_2_min = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
277	REAL(wp) :: region_15_min = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
278	REAL(wp) :: rotor_inertia = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
279
280
281
282	!
283	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control:
284	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_max = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
285	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_min = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
286	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
287
288	!
289	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model:
290	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
291	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
292	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
293	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
294	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
295
296	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
297
298	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
299	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
300	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
301	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
302	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
303	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
304	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
305	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
306
307	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
308
309	!
310	!- Parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid:
311	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
312	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
313	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
314	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
315	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
316	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
317	!
318	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients:
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
323
324	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of the lift and drag coeff [deg]
325
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
328
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
331
332	!
333	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces:
334	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
335	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
336	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
337	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
338	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
339	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
340	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
341	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
342	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
343	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
344	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
345	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
346	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
347	!
348	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust:
349	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
350	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
351	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
352	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
353	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
354
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
364
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
367
368	!
369	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid:
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
376
377	!
378	!- Rotor tendencies on the segments:
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
382
383	!
384	!- Rotor tendencies on the rings:
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
388
389	!
390	!- Rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines:
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
394
395	!
396	!- Rotor tendencies on coordinate grid:
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
400
401	!
402	!- Variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates:
403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
404
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
414
415	!
416	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller:
417	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
418
419	REAL(wp) :: fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
420	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
421	REAL(wp) :: region_25_min !< min region 2.5
422	REAL(wp) :: region_25_slope !< slope in region 2.5
423	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
424	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
425	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
426	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
427
428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(n_turbines_max) :: rotor_speed_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
429
430	!
431	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller:
432	INTEGER(iwp) :: wdlon !<
433	INTEGER(iwp) :: wdsho !<
434
435	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
436
437	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
439	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yaw_angle_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
445
446	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
447	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
448
449
450	!
451	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts:
452	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
453	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
454	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
455	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
456	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
457	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
458	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
459
460
461	SAVE
462
463
464	INTERFACE wtm_parin
465	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
466	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
467
468	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
469	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
470	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
471
472	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
473	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
474	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
475
476	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
477	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
478	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
479
480	INTERFACE wtm_init
481	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
482	END INTERFACE wtm_init
483
484	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
485	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
486	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
487
488	INTERFACE wtm_actions
489	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
490	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
491	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
492
493	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
494	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global_ftn
495	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
496	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
497
498	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
499	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
500	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
501
502
503	PUBLIC &
504	dt_data_output_wtm, &
505	time_wtm, &
506	wind_turbine
507
508	PUBLIC &
509	wtm_parin, &
510	wtm_check_parameters, &
511	wtm_data_output, &
512	wtm_init_arrays, &
513	wtm_init_output, &
514	wtm_init, &
515	wtm_actions, &
516	wtm_rrd_global, &
517	wtm_wrd_global
518
519
520	CONTAINS
521
522
523	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
524	! Description:
525	! ------------
526	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
527	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
528	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
529
530	IMPLICIT NONE
531
532	CHARACTER(LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
533
534	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
535	air_density, tower_diameter, dt_data_output_wtm, &
536	gear_efficiency, gear_ratio, generator_efficiency, &
537	generator_inertia, rotor_inertia, yaw_misalignment_max, &
538	generator_torque_max, generator_torque_rate_max, yaw_misalignment_min, &
539	region_15_min, region_2_min, n_airfoils, n_turbines, &
540	rotor_speed, yaw_angle, pitch_angle, pitch_control, &
541	generator_speed_rated, generator_power_rated, hub_x, hub_y, hub_z, &
542	nacelle_radius, rotor_radius, segment_length_tangential, segment_width_radial, &
543	region_2_slope, speed_control, tilt_angle, time_turbine_on, &
544	smearing_kernel_size, tower_cd, pitch_rate, &
545	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tip_loss_correction
546	! , nacelle_cd
547
548	!
549	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package:
550	REWIND ( 11 )
551	line = ' '
552	DO WHILE ( INDEX ( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
553	READ ( 11, '(A)', END = 12 ) line
554	ENDDO
555	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
556
557	!
558	!-- Read user-defined namelist:
559	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
560	!
561	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on:
562	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
563
564	GOTO 12
565
566	10 BACKSPACE ( 11 )
567	READ ( 11, '(A)' ) line
568	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
569
570	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
571
572	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
573
574
575	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
576	! Description:
577	! ------------
578	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
579	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
580	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
581
582
583	IMPLICIT NONE
584
585
586	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
587
588	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed' )
589	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed
590
591	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f' )
592	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f
593
594	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
595	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f_old
596
597	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_old' )
598	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_old
599
600	CALL wrd_write_string( 'rotor_speed' )
601	WRITE ( 14 ) rotor_speed
602
603	CALL wrd_write_string( 'yaw_angle' )
604	WRITE ( 14 ) yaw_angle
605
606	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle' )
607	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle
608
609	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle_old' )
610	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle_old
611
612	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
613	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
614
615	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
616	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
617
618	ELSEIF ( restart_data_format_output(1:3) == 'mpi' ) THEN
619
620	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed', generator_speed )
621	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f', generator_speed_f )
622	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f_old', generator_speed_f_old )
623	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_old', generator_speed_old )
624	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed )
625	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle )
626	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle )
627	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle_old', pitch_angle_old )
628	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen', torque_gen )
629	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen_old', torque_gen_old )
630
631	ENDIF
632
633	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
634
635
636	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
637	! Description:
638	! ------------
639	!> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format).
640	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
641	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_ftn( found )
642
643
644	USE control_parameters, &
645	ONLY: length, restart_string
646
647
648	IMPLICIT NONE
649
650	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
651
652
653	found = .TRUE.
654
655
656	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
657
658	CASE ( 'generator_speed' )
659	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed
660	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f' )
661	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f
662	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
663	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f_old
664	CASE ( 'generator_speed_old' )
665	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_old
666	CASE ( 'rotor_speed' )
667	READ ( 13 ) rotor_speed
668	CASE ( 'yaw_angle' )
669	READ ( 13 ) yaw_angle
670	CASE ( 'pitch_angle' )
671	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle
672	CASE ( 'pitch_angle_old' )
673	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle_old
674	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
675	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
676	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
677	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
678
679	CASE DEFAULT
680
681	found = .FALSE.
682
683	END SELECT
684
685
686	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_ftn
687
688
689	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
690	! Description:
691	! ------------
692	!> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO).
693	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
694	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
695
696	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed', generator_speed )
697	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f', generator_speed_f )
698	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f_old', generator_speed_f_old )
699	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_old', generator_speed_old )
700	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed )
701	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle )
702	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle )
703	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle_old', pitch_angle_old )
704	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen', torque_gen )
705	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen_old', torque_gen_old )
706
707	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
708
709
710	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
711	! Description:
712	! ------------
713	!> Check namelist parameter
714	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
715	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
716
717	IMPLICIT NONE
718
719	IF ( .NOT. input_pids_wtm ) THEN
720	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
721	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires speed_control = .TRUE.'
722	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
723	ENDIF
724
725	IF ( ANY( rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
726	message_string = 'rotor_speed < 0.0, Please set rotor_speed to ' // &
727	'a value equal or larger than zero'
728	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
729	ENDIF
730
731	IF ( ANY( hub_x(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
732	ANY( hub_y(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
733	ANY( hub_z(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
734
735	message_string = 'hub_x, hub_y, hub_z have to be given for each turbine.'
736	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
737	ENDIF
738	ENDIF
739
740	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
741	!
742	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
743	! Description:
744	! ------------
745	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
746	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
747	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
748
749	IMPLICIT NONE
750
751	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
752	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
753
754	#if defined( __netcdf )
755	!
756	! Read wtm input file (netcdf) if it exists:
757	IF ( input_pids_wtm ) THEN
758
759	!
760	!-- Open the wtm input file:
761	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_wtm ) // &
762	TRIM( coupling_char ), pids_id )
763
764	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
765
766	!
767	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them:
768	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
769	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
770
771	!
772	!-- Input of all wtm parameters:
773	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_diameter' ) ) THEN
774	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_diameter', tower_diameter(1:n_turbines) )
775	ENDIF
776
777	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_speed' ) ) THEN
778	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) )
779	ENDIF
780
781	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'pitch_angle' ) ) THEN
782	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle(1:n_turbines) )
783	ENDIF
784
785	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'yaw_angle' ) ) THEN
786	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle(1:n_turbines) )
787	ENDIF
788
789	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_x' ) ) THEN
790	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_x', hub_x(1:n_turbines) )
791	ENDIF
792
793	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_y' ) ) THEN
794	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_y', hub_y(1:n_turbines) )
795	ENDIF
796
797	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_z' ) ) THEN
798	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_z', hub_z(1:n_turbines) )
799	ENDIF
800
801	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_radius' ) ) THEN
802	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_radius', nacelle_radius(1:n_turbines) )
803	ENDIF
804
805	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_radius' ) ) THEN
806	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_radius', rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) )
807	ENDIF
808	!
809	! IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_cd' ) ) THEN
810	! CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_cd', nacelle_cd(1:n_turbines) )
811	! ENDIF
812
813	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_cd' ) ) THEN
814	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_cd', tower_cd(1:n_turbines) )
815	ENDIF
816	!
817	!-- Close wtm input file:
818	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
819
820	ENDIF
821	#endif
822
823	!
824	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
825	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
826	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:n_turbines) )
827	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:n_turbines) )
828
829	nrings(:) = 0
830	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
831
832	!
833	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
834	delta_r_factor = segment_width_radial
835	delta_t_factor = segment_length_tangential
836	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1) )
837
838	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
839	!
840	!-- Determine number of rings:
841	nrings(inot) = NINT( rotor_radius(inot) / delta_r_init )
842
843	delta_r(inot) = rotor_radius(inot) / nrings(inot)
844
845	ENDDO
846
847	nrings_max = MAXVAL( nrings )
848
849	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:n_turbines) )
850	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:n_turbines) )
851
852	nsegs(:,:) = 0
853	nsegs_total(:) = 0
854
855
856	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
857	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
858	!
859	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
860	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * ( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
861	delta_t_factor ) )
862	ENDDO
863	!
864	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
865	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
866	ENDDO
867
868	!
869	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
870	nsegs_max = MAXVAL( nsegs )
871
872	!!
873	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
874	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
875	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
876	! PRINT*, '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
877	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
878	! PRINT*, '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
879	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
880	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
881	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
882	! ENDIF
883
884
885	!
886	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines):
887	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:n_turbines) )
888	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:n_turbines) )
889	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:n_turbines) )
890	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:n_turbines) )
891	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:n_turbines) )
892	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:n_turbines) )
893	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:n_turbines) )
894	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:n_turbines) )
895
896	!
897	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control:
898	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:n_turbines) )
899	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:n_turbines) )
900	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:n_turbines) )
901	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:n_turbines) )
902	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:n_turbines) )
903	ALLOCATE( yaw_angle_l(1:n_turbines) )
904
905	!
906	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments):
907	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
908	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
909	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
910	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
911	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
912	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
913	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
914	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
915	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
916	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
917
918	!
919	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments):
920	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
921	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
922	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
923	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
924	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
925	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
926
927	!
928	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays:
929	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
930	ALLOCATE( roty(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
931	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
932
933	!
934	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points):
935	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
936	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
937	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
938	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
939	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
940	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
941	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
942	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
943
944	!
945	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays:
946	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
947	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
948	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
949	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
950	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
951	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
952
953	!
954	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
955	i_hub(:) = 0
956	i_smear(:) = 0
957	j_hub(:) = 0
958	j_smear(:) = 0
959	k_hub(:) = 0
960	k_smear(:) = 0
961
962	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
963	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
964
965	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
966	generator_speed(:) = 0.0_wp
967	generator_speed_old(:) = 0.0_wp
968	generator_speed_f(:) = 0.0_wp
969	generator_speed_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
970	pitch_angle_old(:) = 0.0_wp
971	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
972	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
973	ENDIF
974
975	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
976	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
977	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
978	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
979	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
980	yaw_angle_l(:) = 0.0_wp
981
982	!
983	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments):
984	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
985	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
986	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
987	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
988	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
989	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
990	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
991	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
992	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
993	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
994
995	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
996	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
997	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
998	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
999	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1000	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1001
1002	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1003	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1004	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1005
1006	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1007	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1008	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1009	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1010	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1011	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1012	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1013	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1014
1015	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1016	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1017	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1018	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1019	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1020	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1021
1022
1023	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
1024
1025
1026	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1027	! Description:
1028	! ------------
1029	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
1030	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1031	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1032
1033
1034	USE control_parameters, &
1035	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
1036
1037	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
1038	ONLY: exchange_horiz
1039
1040	IMPLICIT NONE
1041
1042
1043
1044	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1045	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1046	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1047
1048
1049	!
1050	!-- Help variables for the smearing function:
1051	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
1052
1053	!
1054	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag:
1055	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
1056	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
1057
1058	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
1059	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
1060	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
1061	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
1062
1063	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
1064
1065
1066	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
1067
1068	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:n_turbines) )
1069	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:n_turbines) )
1070	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:n_turbines) )
1071	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:n_turbines) )
1072
1073	!
1074	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1075	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel (smearing of the forces)
1076	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1077	!
1078	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will be calculated:
1079
1080	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to be a reasonable
1081	!-- value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy, DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1082	eps_kernel = smearing_kernel_size * dx
1083	!
1084	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following if the integral of
1085	!-- the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall be equal to the integral of the Gaussian
1086	!-- function used before:
1087	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1088	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1089	!
1090	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind turbine model.
1091	!-- Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above the area where the wtm is active.
1092	!-- ABS (...) is required because the default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp
1093	!-- (negative):
1094	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL( hub_z(1:n_turbines) ) + &
1095	MAXVAL( rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) ) + &
1096	eps_min) THEN
1097	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical stretching is applied has ' // &
1098	'to be greater than ',MAXVAL( hub_z(1:n_turbines) ) &
1099	+ MAXVAL( rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) ) + eps_min
1100	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1101	ENDIF
1102	!
1103	!-- Square of eps_min:
1104	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1105	!
1106	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1107	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1108	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1109	!
1110	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing function:
1111	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1112
1113	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1114	tilt_angle = tilt_angle * pi / 180.0_wp
1115
1116	!
1117	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1118	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1119	yaw_angle(:) = yaw_angle(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1120	ENDIF
1121
1122
1123	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1124	!
1125	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined:
1126	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1127
1128	!
1129	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height:
1130	i_hub(inot) = INT( hub_x(inot) / dx )
1131	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1132	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1133
1134	!
1135	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1136	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than eps_min, the
1137	!-- smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a function of eps_min:
1138	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1139	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1140	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1141
1142	ENDDO
1143
1144	!
1145	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local rotor_speed for the
1146	!-- respective processor:
1147	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1148
1149	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1150
1151	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1152
1153	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1154
1155	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1156	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1157	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1158	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1159	ENDIF
1160
1161	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1162	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1163	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1164	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1165	ENDIF
1166
1167	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1168	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1169	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1170	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1171	ENDIF
1172
1173	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1174	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1175	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1176	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1177	ENDIF
1178
1179	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1180	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1181
1182	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
1183
1184	ENDIF
1185	ENDIF
1186
1187	END DO
1188
1189	ENDIF
1190
1191	ENDIF
1192
1193	!
1194	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1195	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area of the nacelle and the
1196	!-- tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1197	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1198	!
1199	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor
1200	!-- area.
1201
1202	!
1203	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points between rotor disk
1204	!-- and the numerical grid:
1205	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1206
1207	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1208
1209	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1210
1211
1212	DO inot = 1, n_turbines ! loop over number of turbines
1213	!
1214	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of the rotor center
1215	!-- (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that the mean flow is perpendicular to the
1216	!-- rotor area):
1217	i = i_hub(inot)
1218
1219	!
1220	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding grid point indices):
1221	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1222	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1223	!
1224	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding grid point indices).
1225	!-- The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as the first level for the u-component
1226	!-- (index 0) is situated below the surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already
1227	!-- be contained in grid box 1:
1228	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1229	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1230
1231	!
1232	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and the right boundaries of
1233	!-- the tower:
1234	tower_n = ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1235	tower_s = ( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1236
1237	!
1238	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower area and multiply
1239	!-- it with the drag of the tower:
1240	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1241
1242	DO j = nys, nyn
1243	!
1244	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower:
1245	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1246
1247	DO k = nzb, nzt
1248
1249	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1250	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1251	!
1252	!-- Leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1253	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1254	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1255	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1256	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1257	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1258	tower_cd(inot)
1259
1260	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1261	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1262	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1263	( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1264	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1265	tower_cd(inot)
1266	!
1267	!-- Grid boxes inbetween (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1268	ELSE
1269	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1270	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * dy * &
1271	tower_cd(inot)
1272	ENDIF
1273	!
1274	!-- Tower lies completely within one grid box:
1275	ELSE
1276	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1277	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1278	tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1279	ENDIF
1280	!
1281	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions are carried out:
1282	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1283
1284	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1285	!
1286	!-- Leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1287	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1288	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( ( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1289	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) &
1290	* tower_cd(inot)
1291
1292	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1293	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * &
1294	tower_diameter(inot) ) - ( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) &
1295	* dy ) * tower_cd(inot)
1296	!
1297	!-- Grid boxes inbetween (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1298	ELSE
1299	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * tower_cd(inot)
1300	ENDIF
1301	!
1302	!-- Tower lies completely within one grid box:
1303	ELSE
1304	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1305	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1306
1307	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1308
1309	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1310
1311	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1312
1313	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1314
1315	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1316
1317
1318	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1319
1320	!
1321	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1322	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC cluster (Oldenburg)
1323	!!
1324	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for the calculation
1325	!!-- of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called circle_points in the following):
1326	!
1327	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1328	!
1329	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1330	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1331	! sqrt_arg = nacelle_radius(inot)2 - ( yvalue - hub_y(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1332	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1333	!!
1334	!!-- bottom intersection point
1335	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1336	!!
1337	!!-- top intersection point
1338	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1339	! ELSE
1340	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1341	! ENDIF
1342	! ENDDO
1343	!
1344	!
1345	! DO j = nys, nyn
1346	!!
1347	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle (y) it can
1348	!!-- automatically be stated that there is no overlap between the grid box and the nacelle
1349	!!-- and consequently we can set nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1350	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1351	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1352	!!
1353	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle (z) it can
1354	!!-- automatically be stated that there is no overlap between the grid box and the
1355	!!-- nacelle and consequently we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1356	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1357	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1358	!!
1359	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated. Here, the points on the
1360	!!-- circle that have been determined above are used in order to calculate the
1361	!!-- overlap between the gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1362	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1363	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1364	! dz_int = dz
1365	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1366	!!
1367	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle within the current
1368	!!-- grid box:
1369	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1370	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1371	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1372	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1373	! ENDIF
1374	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1375	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1376	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1377	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1378	! ENDIF
1379	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1380	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1381	! ENDIF
1382	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1383	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1384	! ENDIF
1385	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1386	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1387	! dy_int * dz_int * nacelle_cd(inot)
1388	! ENDIF
1389	! ENDDO
1390	! ENDIF
1391	! ENDDO
1392	! ENDIF
1393	!
1394	! ENDDO
1395	!
1396	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1397
1398	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1399
1400	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1401	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1402
1403	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1404
1405	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1406
1407	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1408
1409
1410
1411	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1412
1413
1414	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1415	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1416	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1417
1418	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1419
1420	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1421
1422
1423	!
1424	!-- Create NetCDF output file:
1425	#if defined( __netcdf4 )
1426	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1427	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1428	#else
1429	message_string = 'Wind turbine model output requires NetCDF version 4. ' // &
1430	'No output file will be created.'
1431	CALL message( 'wtm_init_output', 'PA0672', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1432	#endif
1433	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1434	!
1435	!-- Define dimensions in output file:
1436	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:n_turbines) )
1437	DO n = 1, n_turbines
1438	ndim(n) = n
1439	ENDDO
1440	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1441	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1442	output_type = 'int32', &
1443	bounds = (/1_iwp, n_turbines/), &
1444	values_int32 = ndim )
1445	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1446
1447	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1448	dimension_name = 'time', &
1449	output_type = 'real32', &
1450	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
1451	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1452
1453	variable_name = 'x'
1454	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1455	variable_name = variable_name, &
1456	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1457	output_type = 'real32' )
1458
1459	variable_name = 'y'
1460	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1461	variable_name = variable_name, &
1462	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1463	output_type = 'real32' )
1464
1465	variable_name = 'z'
1466	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1467	variable_name = variable_name, &
1468	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1469	output_type = 'real32' )
1470
1471
1472	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter'
1473	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1474	variable_name = variable_name, &
1475	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1476	output_type = 'real32' )
1477
1478	variable_name = 'tower_diameter'
1479	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1480	variable_name = variable_name, &
1481	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1482	output_type = 'real32' )
1483
1484	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1485	variable_name = 'time', &
1486	attribute_name = 'units', &
1487	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1488
1489	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1490	variable_name = 'x', &
1491	attribute_name = 'units', &
1492	value = 'm' )
1493
1494	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1495	variable_name = 'y', &
1496	attribute_name = 'units', &
1497	value = 'm' )
1498
1499	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1500	variable_name = 'z', &
1501	attribute_name = 'units', &
1502	value = 'm' )
1503
1504	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1505	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1506	attribute_name = 'units', &
1507	value = 'm' )
1508
1509	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1510	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1511	attribute_name = 'units', &
1512	value = 'm' )
1513
1514	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1515	variable_name = 'x', &
1516	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1517	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1518
1519	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1520	variable_name = 'y', &
1521	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1522	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1523
1524	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1525	variable_name = 'z', &
1526	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1527	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1528
1529	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1530	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1531	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1532	value = 'turbine name')
1533
1534	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1535	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1536	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1537	value = 'rotor diameter')
1538
1539	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1540	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1541	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1542	value = 'tower diameter')
1543
1544	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1545	variable_name = 'time', &
1546	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1547	value = 'time')
1548
1549	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1550	variable_name = 'time', &
1551	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1552	value = 'T')
1553
1554	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1555	variable_name = 'x', &
1556	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1557	value = 'X' )
1558
1559	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1560	variable_name = 'y', &
1561	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1562	value = 'Y' )
1563
1564
1565	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1566	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1567	variable_name = variable_name, &
1568	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1569	output_type = 'real32' )
1570
1571	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1572	variable_name = variable_name, &
1573	attribute_name = 'units', &
1574	value = 'W' )
1575
1576	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1577	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1578	variable_name = variable_name, &
1579	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1580	output_type = 'real32' )
1581
1582	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1583	variable_name = variable_name, &
1584	attribute_name = 'units', &
1585	value = 'rad/s' )
1586
1587	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1588	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1589	variable_name = variable_name, &
1590	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1591	output_type = 'real32' )
1592
1593	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1594	variable_name = variable_name, &
1595	attribute_name = 'units', &
1596	value = 'Nm' )
1597
1598	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1599	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1600	variable_name = variable_name, &
1601	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1602	output_type = 'real32' )
1603
1604	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1605	variable_name = variable_name, &
1606	attribute_name = 'units', &
1607	value = 'degrees' )
1608
1609	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1610	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1611	variable_name = variable_name, &
1612	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1613	output_type = 'real32' )
1614
1615	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1616	variable_name = variable_name, &
1617	attribute_name = 'units', &
1618	value = 'W' )
1619
1620	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1621	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1622	variable_name = variable_name, &
1623	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1624	output_type = 'real32' )
1625
1626	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1627	variable_name = variable_name, &
1628	attribute_name = 'units', &
1629	value = 'rad/s' )
1630
1631	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1632	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1633	variable_name = variable_name, &
1634	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1635	output_type = 'real32' )
1636
1637	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1638	variable_name = variable_name, &
1639	attribute_name = 'units', &
1640	value = 'N' )
1641
1642	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1643	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1644	variable_name = variable_name, &
1645	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1646	output_type = 'real32' )
1647
1648	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1649	variable_name = variable_name, &
1650	attribute_name = 'units', &
1651	value = 'Nm' )
1652
1653	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1654	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1655	variable_name = variable_name, &
1656	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1657	output_type = 'real32' )
1658
1659	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1660	variable_name = variable_name, &
1661	attribute_name = 'units', &
1662	value = 'degrees' )
1663
1664	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1665	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1666	variable_name = variable_name, &
1667	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1668	output_type = 'real32' )
1669
1670	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1671	variable_name = variable_name, &
1672	attribute_name = 'units', &
1673	value = 'degrees' )
1674
1675	ENDIF
1676	END SUBROUTINE
1677
1678	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1679	! Description:
1680	! ------------
1681	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables and the distribution of lift and
1682	!> drag tables along the blade
1683	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1684	!
1685	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1686
1687
1688	IMPLICIT NONE
1689
1690	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1691
1692	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1693	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1694
1695	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1696
1697	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1698	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1699	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1700	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1701	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1702	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1703	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1704	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1705	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1706	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1707
1708
1709	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1710	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1711	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1712
1713	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1714	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1715
1716	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1717	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1718	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1719	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1720	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1721
1722	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1723	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1724	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1725	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1726	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1727
1728	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2 * n_airfoils + 1) )
1729
1730	!
1731	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the layout of the rotor
1732	!-- blade and the lift and drag tables:
1733	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1734
1735	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1736	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1737	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1738	ENDIF
1739	!
1740	!-- Read distribution table:
1741	dlen = 0
1742
1743	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1744
1745	rloop3: DO
1746	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1747	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1748	dlen = dlen + 1
1749	ENDDO rloop3
1750
1751	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen) )
1752
1753	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1754	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1755	ENDDO
1756
1757	DO jj = 1, dlen
1758	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1759	ENDDO
1760
1761	!
1762	!-- Read layout table:
1763	dlen = 0
1764
1765	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1766
1767	rloop1: DO
1768	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1769	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1770	dlen = dlen + 1
1771	ENDDO rloop1
1772
1773	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1774	DO jj = 1, dlen + 1
1775	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1776	ENDDO
1777	DO jj = 1, dlen
1778	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1779	ENDDO
1780
1781	!
1782	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1783	dlen = 0
1784
1785	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1786
1787	rloop2: DO
1788	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1789	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1790	dlen = dlen + 1
1791	ENDDO rloop2
1792
1793	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils), &
1794	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils) )
1795
1796	DO jj = 1, dlen + 1
1797	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1798	ENDDO
1799
1800	DO jj = 1, dlen
1801	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1802	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1803	DO ii = 1, n_airfoils
1804	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii * 2)
1805	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii * 2 + 1)
1806	ENDDO
1807
1808	ENDDO
1809
1810	dlenbl = dlen
1811
1812	CLOSE ( 90 )
1813
1814	!
1815	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rotor_radius(1)=63m)
1816	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!) determine the
1817	!-- lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the tabulated values of each table
1818	!-- (interpolate to current angle of attack) and between the tables (interpolate to current
1819	!-- radial position):
1820	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1821	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1822	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1823	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1824
1825	radres = INT( rotor_radius(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1826	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1827
1828	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1829	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1830
1831	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1832
1833	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1834	!
1835	!-- Find position in table 1:
1836	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1837	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1838
1839	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1840	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1841	ENDIF
1842
1843	trow = lct(1)
1844	!
1845	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation:
1846	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1847	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1848	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1849	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1850
1851	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1852	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1853	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1854	ENDIF
1855
1856	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1857	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1858	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1859	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1860	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1861
1862	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1863	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1864	! explicitly
1865	ELSE
1866	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1867	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1868	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1869	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1870	!
1871	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set explicitly:
1872	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b * turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1873	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b * turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1874	ENDIF
1875
1876	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1877
1878	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1879	ialpha = 1
1880
1881	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. ( ialpha < dlen ) )
1882	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1883	ENDDO
1884
1885	!
1886	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius segments and angles
1887	!-- of attack:
1888	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_i ) / &
1889	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1890	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1891	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) + &
1892	( alpha_attack_i - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1893	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1894	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1895	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1896	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_i ) / &
1897	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1898	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1899	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) + &
1900	( alpha_attack_i - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1901	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1902	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1903	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1904
1905	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1906
1907	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1908
1909
1910	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1911
1912
1913	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1914	! Description:
1915	! ------------
1916	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect to the yaw and tilt
1917	!> angle of the rotor is calculated
1918	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1919	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1920
1921
1922	IMPLICIT NONE
1923
1924	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1925	!
1926	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to the rotors:
1927	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1928	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1929	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1930
1931	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1932	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1933	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1934
1935	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1936	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1937	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1938
1939	!
1940	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to the rotor.
1941	!-- If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1942	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1943	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1944	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1945	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1946	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1947	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1948	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1949	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1950	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1951	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1952	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1953	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1954	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1955	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1956	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1957	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1958	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1959	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1960	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1961	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1962	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1963	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1964	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1965	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1966
1967	!
1968	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric coordinate system to the
1969	!-- cartesian coordinate system:
1970	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1971	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1972	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1973
1974	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1975
1976
1977	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1978	! Description:
1979	! ------------
1980	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1981	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1982	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1983
1984
1985	IMPLICIT NONE
1986
1987
1988	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1989	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1990	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1991	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1992	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1993	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1994
1995	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1996	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1997	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1998
1999	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
2000	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
2001
2002	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
2003
2004
2005	!
2006	!-- Variables for pitch control:
2007	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
2008
2009	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2010
2011	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
2012
2013	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
2014
2015
2016	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
2017
2018
2019	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2020
2021	!
2022	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
2023	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2024	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2025	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2026	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
2027	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2028	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2029	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2030	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
2031	!
2032	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2033	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2034
2035	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2036	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2037	!
2038	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2039	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
2040	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
2041	!$OMP DO
2042	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2043
2044	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
2045	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
2046	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
2047	!
2048	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2049	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2050
2051	!
2052	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2053	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2054	!
2055	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2056	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
2057	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2058	!
2059	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of rotor system
2060	!-- (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned with y-axis):
2061	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2062	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2063	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2064
2065	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to the yaw and tilt angle:
2066	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2067	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2068	re(3) = sin_rot
2069
2070	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2071	!
2072	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2073	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2074	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2075	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2076
2077	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2078	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the cartesian grid point to --!
2079	!-- !-- the coordinates of each ring segment (follows a method used in the --!
2080	!-- !-- particle model) --!
2081	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2082
2083	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2084	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2085
2086	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2087	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2088
2089	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2090	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2091
2092	!
2093	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
2094	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
2095	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2096	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2097	!
2098	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on the current PE:
2099	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2100	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2101
2102	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2103	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2104	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2105	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2106	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2107	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2108	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2109	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2110	gg = dx * dy
2111
2112	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) &
2113	+ dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2114
2115	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) &
2116	+ dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2117
2118	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + ( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2119	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
2120
2121	ELSE
2122	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2123	ENDIF
2124
2125	ELSE
2126	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2127	ENDIF
2128
2129
2130	!
2131	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2132	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2133	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2134	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2135	!
2136	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on the current PE:
2137	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2138	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2139
2140	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2141	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2142	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2143	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2144	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2145	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2146	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2147	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2148	gg = dx * dy
2149
2150	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) &
2151	+ dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2152
2153	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) &
2154	+ dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2155
2156	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + ( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2157	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2158
2159	ELSE
2160	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2161	ENDIF
2162
2163	ELSE
2164	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2165	ENDIF
2166
2167
2168	!
2169	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2170	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2171	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2172	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2173	!
2174	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on the current PE:
2175	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2176	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2177
2178	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2179	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2180	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2181	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2182	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2183	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2184	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2185	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2186	gg = dx * dy
2187
2188	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) &
2189	+ dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2190
2191	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) &
2192	+ dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2193
2194	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + ( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2195	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2196	ELSE
2197	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2198	ENDIF
2199
2200	ELSE
2201	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2202	ENDIF
2203
2204	ENDDO
2205
2206	ENDDO
2207	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2208
2209	ENDDO
2210
2211	!
2212	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2213	#if defined( __parallel )
2214	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2215	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2216	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2217	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2218	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2219	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2220	#else
2221	u_int = u_int_1_l
2222	v_int = v_int_1_l
2223	w_int = w_int_1_l
2224	#endif
2225
2226
2227	!
2228	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2229	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2230	pit_loop: DO
2231
2232	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2233	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2234	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2235	pitch_angle(inot) = pitch_angle(inot) + 0.25_wp
2236	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_angle(inot)
2237	ELSE
2238	cos_yaw = COS( yaw_angle(inot) )
2239	sin_yaw = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) )
2240	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2241	pitch_angle(inot) = MAX( pitch_angle_old(inot) - pitch_rate * dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2242	ENDIF
2243	ENDIF
2244
2245	!
2246	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2247	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2248	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2249	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2250	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2251	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2252	!$OMP DO
2253	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2254	!
2255	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2256	cur_r = ( ring - 0.5_wp ) * delta_r(inot)
2257	!
2258	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2259	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2260	!
2261	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of rotor system
2262	!-- (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned with y-axis):
2263	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2264	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2265	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2266	!
2267	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to the yaw and tilt angle:
2268	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2269	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2270	re(3) = sin_rot
2271
2272	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2273	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2274	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2275	rea(3) = cos_rot
2276
2277	!
2278	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of velocities and forces the
2279	!-- unit vectors perpendicular to the rotor area in direction of the positive yaw
2280	!-- angle are defined:
2281	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2282	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2283	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2284	!
2285	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix gives the final unit
2286	!-- vector with consideration of the rotor tilt:
2287	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2288	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2289	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2290	!
2291	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2292	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2293
2294	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2295
2296	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2297
2298	!
2299	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2300	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2301	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2302	!
2303	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its components perpendicular
2304	!-- and parallel to the rotor area.
2305	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-coordinates y' and z.
2306	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied on the hydrodynamic
2307	!-- equations.
2308	!
2309	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area:
2310	!
2311	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2312	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg) * rotn(1) + v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2313	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2314	!
2315
2316	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal direction:
2317	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2318	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2319	!
2320
2321	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane and the direction of the
2322	!-- flow relative to the rotor:
2323	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN2( u_rot , ( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - vtheta(rseg) ) )
2324
2325	!
2326	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values to the current
2327	!-- radial position:
2328	lct = minloc( ABS( cur_r-lrd ) )
2329	rad_d = cur_r-lrd(lct)
2330
2331	IF ( cur_r == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2332	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2333
2334	ELSE IF ( cur_r >= lrd(size(ard)) ) THEN
2335	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard) ) + ard(size(ard) -1 ) ) / 2.0_wp
2336
2337	ELSE
2338	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard( lct(1) ) * ( ( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - cur_r ) / &
2339	( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) ) + &
2340	( ard( lct(1) + 1 ) * ( ( cur_r - lrd( lct(1) ) ) / &
2341	( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) )
2342	ENDIF
2343
2344	!
2345	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all angles.
2346	!-- Therefore, a transformation from angles given in degree to angles given in radian
2347	!-- is necessary here:
2348	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * ( ( 2.0_wp * pi ) / 360.0_wp )
2349	!
2350	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local angle of attack:
2351	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2352	!
2353	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian to angles given in
2354	!-- degree:
2355	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * ( 360.0_wp / ( 2.0_wp * pi ) )
2356	!
2357	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2358	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_angle(inot)
2359
2360	!
2361	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative to the rotor:
2362	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot*2 + ( rotor_speed(inot) cur_r - vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2363
2364	!
2365	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2366	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2367	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2368	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2369
2370	!
2371	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to the current radial
2372	!-- position:
2373	IF ( cur_r == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2374	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2375
2376	ELSE IF ( cur_r >= lrd( size(crd) ) ) THEN
2377	chord(rseg) = ( crd( size(crd) ) + ard( size(crd) - 1 ) ) / 2.0_wp
2378
2379	ELSE
2380	chord(rseg) = ( crd( lct(1) ) * ( ( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - cur_r ) / &
2381	( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) ) + ( crd( lct(1) + 1 ) &
2382	* ( ( cur_r - lrd( lct(1) ) ) / ( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - &
2383	lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) )
2384	ENDIF
2385
2386	!
2387	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for finding the appropriate
2388	!-- interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2389	!-- (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601, so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2390	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2391	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2392	!
2393	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for finding the appropriate
2394	!-- interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2395	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2396	!
2397	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients for the current
2398	!-- radial position and angle of attack:
2399	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2400	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2401
2402	!
2403	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to angles given in radian:
2404	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * ( ( 2.0_wp * pi ) / 360.0_wp )
2405
2406	IF ( tip_loss_correction ) THEN
2407	!
2408	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito.
2409	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force.
2410	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift coefficient and
2411	!-- not to the drag coefficient in our case.
2412	IF ( phi_rel(rseg) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2413	tl_factor = 1.0_wp
2414
2415	ELSE
2416	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2417	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rotor_radius(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2418	( 2.0 * cur_r * ABS( SIN( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2419	ENDIF
2420
2421	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2422
2423	ENDIF
2424	!
2425	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2426	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2427	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2428
2429	!
2430	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2431	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * ( vrel(rseg)*2 ) 3.0_wp * chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) &
2432	/ nsegs(ring,inot)
2433
2434	!
2435	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force) for each ring segment:
2436	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * ( turb_cl(rseg) * COS (phi_rel(rseg) ) + &
2437	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN( phi_rel(rseg) ) )
2438
2439	!
2440	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting on the flow in the
2441	!-- azimuthal direction: force vector as basis for torque (torque itself would be the
2442	!-- vector product of the radius vector and the force vector):
2443	torque_seg = pre_factor * ( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN (phi_rel(rseg) ) - &
2444	turb_cd(rseg) * COS( phi_rel(rseg) ) )
2445	!
2446	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts: One acting along the
2447	!-- y-direction and one acting along the z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2448	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2449	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2450
2451	!
2452	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor:
2453	!$OMP CRITICAL
2454	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + thrust_seg(rseg)
2455
2456
2457	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2458	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2459
2460	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2461
2462	!
2463	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of each ring:
2464	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2465	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2466	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2467
2468
2469	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2470	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2471
2472
2473	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2474
2475
2476	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2477	!
2478	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control:
2479
2480	!
2481	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from the force balance of the
2482	!-- accelerating torque and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator:
2483	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_density * gear_efficiency - &
2484	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / ( rotor_inertia + &
2485	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * generator_inertia ) * dt_3d
2486
2487	!
2488	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio and rotor speed:
2489	generator_speed(inot) = gear_ratio * ( rotor_speed(inot) + om_rate )
2490
2491	ENDIF
2492
2493	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2494
2495	!
2496	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not saturated and the
2497	!-- change from the last time step is within the maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop
2498	!-- is repeated with a pitch gain:
2499	IF ( ( generator_speed(inot) > generator_speed_rated ) .AND. &
2500	( pitch_angle(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2501	( pitch_angle(inot) < pitch_angle_old(inot) + pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2502	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2503	!
2504	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop:
2505	CYCLE pit_loop
2506	ENDIF
2507
2508	!
2509	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step:
2510	pitch_angle_old(inot) = pitch_angle(inot)
2511	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2512	ENDIF
2513	EXIT pit_loop
2514	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2515
2516
2517	!
2518	!-- Call the rotor speed controller:
2519	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2520	!
2521	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub:
2522	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2523	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2524	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2525	ENDIF
2526	ENDIF
2527
2528	ENDIF
2529
2530
2531	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2532
2533	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2534
2535
2536	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2537	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2538	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2539	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2540	!
2541	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on several mesh points in
2542	!-- order to avoid singular behaviour.
2543	!
2544	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor (calculated in user_init)
2545	!-- includes information on the distance between the center of the grid cell and the rotor
2546	!-- segment under consideration.
2547	!
2548	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part of the model domain:
2549	!
2550	!--
2551	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2552	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + eps_min ) / dx )
2553	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + eps_min ) / dy )
2554
2555	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2556	!$OMP DO
2557	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2558	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2559	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2560	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2561	DO k = nzb + 1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2562	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2563	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2564	!
2565	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography:
2566	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2567
2568	!
2569	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the current grid point and
2570	!-- each rotor area segment:
2571	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2572	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2573	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2574
2575	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2576	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2577	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2578
2579	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2580	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2581	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2582
2583	!
2584	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function (much faster than
2585	!-- the old Gaussian function), using some parameters that have been
2586	!-- calculated in user_init. The function is only similar to Gaussian
2587	!-- function for squared distances <= eps_min2:
2588	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2589	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2590	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2591	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * flag
2592	ENDIF
2593
2594	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2595	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2596	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2597	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * flag
2598	ENDIF
2599
2600	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2601	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2602	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2603	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * flag
2604	ENDIF
2605
2606	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2607	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2608
2609	!
2610	!-- Rotation of force components:
2611	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( thrust(k,j,i) * rotx(inot,1) + &
2612	torque_y(k,j,i) * roty(inot,1) + torque_z(k,j,i) * &
2613	rotz(inot,1) ) * flag
2614
2615	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( thrust(k,j,i) * rotx(inot,2) + &
2616	torque_y(k,j,i) * roty(inot,2) + torque_z(k,j,i) * &
2617	rotz(inot,2) ) * flag
2618
2619	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( thrust(k,j,i) * rotx(inot,3) + &
2620	torque_y(k,j,i) * roty(inot,3) + torque_z(k,j,i) * &
2621	rotz(inot,3) ) * flag
2622
2623	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2624	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2625	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2626	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2627
2628	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2629
2630	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2631
2632
2633	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2634	!
2635	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call. Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set.
2636	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2637	wdlon= MAX( 1 , NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 30s running mean array
2638	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:n_turbines,1:WDLON) )
2639	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2640	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2641
2642	wdsho = MAX( 1 , NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 2s running mean array
2643	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:n_turbines,1:wdsho) )
2644	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2645	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:wdsho) )
2646	start_up = .FALSE.
2647	ENDIF
2648
2649	!
2650	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed:
2651	!--
2652	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2653	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2654	!
2655	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub:
2656	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2657	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2658	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2659	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( 0.5_wp * &
2660	( v(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot), i_hub(inot) + 1) + &
2661	v(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot), i_hub(inot)) ) , 0.5_wp * &
2662	( u(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot) + 1, i_hub(inot)) + &
2663	u(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot), i_hub(inot)) ) )
2664
2665	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2666
2667	yaw_angle_l(inot) = yaw_angle(inot)
2668
2669	ENDIF
2670	ENDIF
2671
2672	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
2673
2674	!
2675	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus:
2676	#if defined( __parallel )
2677	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2678	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2679	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2680	comm2d, ierr )
2681	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( yaw_angle_l, yaw_angle, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2682	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2683	#else
2684	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2685	wdir = wdir_l
2686	yaw_angle = yaw_angle_l
2687
2688	#endif
2689	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2690	!
2691	!-- Update rotor orientation:
2692	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2693
2694	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2695
2696	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2697
2698	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2699	!
2700	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus:
2701	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed, generator_speed_old, n_turbines, &
2702	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2703	#if defined( __parallel )
2704	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, n_turbines, &
2705	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2706	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( rotor_speed_l, rotor_speed, n_turbines, &
2707	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2708	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed_f, generator_speed_f_old, n_turbines, &
2709	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2710	#else
2711	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2712	rotor_speed = rotor_speed_l
2713	generator_speed_f_old = generator_speed_f
2714	#endif
2715
2716	ENDIF
2717
2718	ENDIF
2719
2720	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2721
2722
2723	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2724
2725
2726	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2727	! Description:
2728	! ------------
2729	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2730	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2731	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2732
2733	USE kinds
2734
2735	IMPLICIT NONE
2736
2737	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2738	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2739
2740	REAL(wp) :: missal
2741
2742	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2743
2744	!
2745	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction. If the difference
2746	!-- between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The
2747	!-- mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5
2748	!-- degrees. Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly the lengths
2749	!-- of the running means change and it does not correspond to 30s/2s anymore.
2750	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2751	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause problems and the yaw
2752	!-- controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for averaging needs to be improved!
2753	!
2754	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing:
2755	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2756	!
2757	!-- Write current wind direction into array:
2758	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2759	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2760	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2761	!
2762	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies ):
2763	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2764
2765	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - yaw_angle(inot)
2766	!
2767	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than yaw_misalignment_max:
2768	IF ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_max ) THEN
2769	!
2770	!-- Check in which direction to yaw:
2771	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2772	!
2773	!-- Start yawing of turbine:
2774	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2775	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2776	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2777	ENDIF
2778	ENDIF
2779
2780	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2781
2782	!
2783	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2784	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller than
2785	!-- yaw_misalignment_min
2786
2787	ELSE
2788	!
2789	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean:
2790
2791	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2792	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2793	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2794	!
2795	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies ):
2796	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2797	!
2798	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine:
2799	missal = SUM( wd2_l - yaw_angle(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2800	!
2801	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the yaw direction is
2802	!-- still right:
2803	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_min ) .AND. &
2804	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2805	!
2806	!-- Continue yawing:
2807	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2808
2809	ELSE
2810	!
2811	!-- Stop yawing:
2812	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2813	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2814	ENDIF
2815	ELSE
2816	!
2817	!-- Continue yawing:
2818	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2819	ENDIF
2820
2821	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2822
2823	ENDIF
2824
2825	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2826
2827
2828	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2829	! Description:
2830	! ------------
2831	!> Initialization of the speed control
2832	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2833	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2834
2835
2836	IMPLICIT NONE
2837
2838	!
2839	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for the control algorithm
2840	!-- are calculated:
2841	!
2842	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15:
2843	slope15 = ( region_2_slope * region_2_min * region_2_min ) / &
2844	( region_2_min - region_15_min )
2845	!
2846	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region:
2847	vs_sysp = generator_speed_rated / 1.1_wp
2848	!
2849	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region:
2850	region_25_slope = ( generator_power_rated / generator_speed_rated ) / &
2851	( generator_speed_rated - vs_sysp )
2852	!
2853	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region:
2854	region_25_min = ( region_25_slope - SQRT( region_25_slope * &
2855	( region_25_slope - 4.0_wp * region_2_slope * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2856	( 2.0_wp * region_2_slope )
2857	!
2858	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter:
2859	fcorner = 0.25_wp
2860	!
2861	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent an overspeeding of the rotor:
2862	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2863	torque_gen_old(:) = generator_torque_max
2864	ENDIF
2865
2866	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2867
2868
2869	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2870	! Description:
2871	! ------------
2872	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2873	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2874	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2875
2876
2877	IMPLICIT NONE
2878
2879	INTEGER(iwp):: inot
2880
2881
2882	!
2883	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW
2884	!-- Reference Wind Turbine for offshore system developement"
2885
2886	!
2887	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter for the control of the generator torque:
2888	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * fcorner)
2889	generator_speed_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * generator_speed(inot) + lp_coeff * &
2890	generator_speed_f_old(inot)
2891
2892	IF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_15_min ) THEN
2893	!
2894	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2895	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2896
2897	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_2_min ) THEN
2898	!
2899	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2900	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - region_15_min )
2901
2902	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_25_min ) THEN
2903	!
2904	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator speed to keep the
2905	!-- TSR optimal:
2906	torque_gen(inot) = region_2_slope * generator_speed_f(inot) * generator_speed_f(inot)
2907
2908	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) < generator_speed_rated ) THEN
2909	!
2910	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2911	torque_gen(inot) = region_25_slope * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2912
2913	ELSE
2914	!
2915	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to keep the power
2916	!-- constant:
2917	torque_gen(inot) = generator_power_rated / generator_speed_f(inot)
2918
2919	ENDIF
2920	!
2921	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max:
2922	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2923	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * generator_torque_rate_max ), generator_torque_rate_max )
2924	!
2925	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque:
2926	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2927	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), generator_torque_max )
2928	!
2929	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep:
2930	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
2931
2932
2933	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2934
2935
2936	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2937	! Description:
2938	! ------------
2939	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the flow components
2940	!> (tendency terms)
2941	!> Call for all grid points
2942	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2943	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2944
2945
2946	CHARACTER(LEN=*) :: location !<
2947
2948	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2949	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2950	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2951
2952
2953	SELECT CASE ( location )
2954
2955	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2956
2957	CALL wtm_forces
2958
2959	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2960	!
2961
2962	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2963	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2964	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2965	DO j = nysg, nyng
2966	DO k = nzb + 1, MAXVAL( k_hub ) + MAXVAL( k_smear )
2967	!
2968	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower:
2969	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2970	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2971	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) - tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) * &
2972	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2973	ENDDO
2974	ENDDO
2975	ENDDO
2976	ENDIF
2977
2978	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2979	!
2980	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2981	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2982	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2983	DO j = nysg, nyng
2984	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2985	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2986	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2987	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) - tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) * &
2988	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2989	ENDDO
2990	ENDDO
2991	ENDDO
2992	ENDIF
2993
2994	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2995	!
2996	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2997	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2998	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2999	DO j = nysg, nyng
3000	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3001	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) * &
3002	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3003	ENDDO
3004	ENDDO
3005	ENDDO
3006	ENDIF
3007
3008
3009	CASE DEFAULT
3010	CONTINUE
3011
3012	END SELECT
3013
3014
3015	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3016
3017
3018	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3019	! Description:
3020	! ------------
3021	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the flow components
3022	!> (tendency terms)
3023	!> Call for grid point i,j
3024	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3025	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3026
3027
3028	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3029
3030	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3031	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3032	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3033
3034	SELECT CASE ( location )
3035
3036	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3037
3038	CALL wtm_forces
3039
3040	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3041	!
3042	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3043	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3044	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3045	!
3046	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower:
3047	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3048	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3049	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) - tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) * &
3050	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3051	ENDDO
3052	ENDIF
3053
3054	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3055	!
3056	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3057	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3058	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3059	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3060	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3061	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) - tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) * &
3062	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3063	ENDDO
3064	ENDIF
3065
3066	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3067	!
3068	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3069	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3070	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3071	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) * &
3072	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3073	ENDDO
3074	ENDIF
3075
3076
3077	CASE DEFAULT
3078	CONTINUE
3079
3080	END SELECT
3081
3082
3083	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3084
3085
3086	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3087
3088
3089	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3090	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3091
3092	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3093
3094	!
3095	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates:
3096	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3097	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3098	output_values_1d_target = hub_x(1:n_turbines)
3099	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3100	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3101	'x', &
3102	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3103	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3104	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3105
3106	output_values_1d_target = hub_y(1:n_turbines)
3107	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3108	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3109	'y', &
3110	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3111	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3112	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3113
3114	output_values_1d_target = hub_z(1:n_turbines)
3115	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3116	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3117	'z', &
3118	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3119	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3120	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3121
3122	output_values_1d_target = rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) * 2.0_wp
3123	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3124	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3125	'rotor_diameter', &
3126	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3127	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3128	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3129
3130	output_values_1d_target = tower_diameter(1:n_turbines)
3131	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3132	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3133	'tower_diameter', &
3134	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3135	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3136	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3137
3138	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3139	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3140	ENDIF
3141
3142	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3143
3144	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3145	output_values_1d_target = rotor_speed(:)
3146	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3147
3148	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3149	'rotor_speed', &
3150	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3151	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3152	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3153
3154	output_values_1d_target = generator_speed(:)
3155	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3156	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3157	'generator_speed', &
3158	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3159	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3160	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3161
3162	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3163	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3164
3165	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3166	'generator_torque', &
3167	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3168	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3169	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3170
3171	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3172	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3173
3174	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3175	'rotor_torque', &
3176	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3177	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3178	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3179
3180	output_values_1d_target = pitch_angle(:)
3181	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3182
3183	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3184	'pitch_angle', &
3185	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3186	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3187	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3188
3189	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:) * generator_speed(:) * generator_efficiency
3190	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3191
3192	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3193	'generator_power', &
3194	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3195	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3196	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3197
3198	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
3199	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot) * rotor_speed(inot) * air_density
3200	ENDDO
3201	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3202
3203	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3204	'rotor_power', &
3205	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3206	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3207	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3208
3209	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3210	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3211
3212	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3213	'rotor_thrust', &
3214	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3215	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3216	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3217
3218	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3219	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3220
3221	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3222	'wind_direction', &
3223	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3224	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3225	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3226
3227	output_values_1d_target = (yaw_angle(:)) * 180.0_wp / pi
3228	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3229
3230	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3231	'yaw_angle', &
3232	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3233	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3234	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3235
3236	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3237	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3238
3239	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3240	'time', &
3241	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3242	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3243	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3244
3245	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3246
3247	ENDIF
3248
3249	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3250
3251	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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