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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4528

Last change on this file since 4528 was 4528, checked in by oliver.maas, 4 years ago
added wind_turbine_parameters-namelist parameter smearing_kernel_size
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 143.6 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
6	! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
7	! (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
10	! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
11	! Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see
14	! <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 2009-2020 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
17	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4528 2020-05-11 14:14:09Z oliver.maas $
28	! added namelist parameter smearing_kernel_size
29	!
30	! 4497 2020-04-15 10:20:51Z raasch
31	! file re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard
32	!
33	!
34	! 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch
35	! restart data handling with MPI-IO added
36	!
37	! 4481 2020-03-31 18:55:54Z maronga
38	! ASCII output cleanup
39	!
40	! 4465 2020-03-20 11:35:48Z maronga
41	! Removed old ASCII outputm, some syntax layout adjustments, added output for rotor and tower
42	! diameters. Added warning message in case of NetCDF 3 (no WTM output file will be produced).
43	!
44	! 4460 2020-03-12 16:47:30Z oliver.maas
45	! allow for simulating up to 10 000 wind turbines
46	!
47	! 4459 2020-03-12 09:35:23Z oliver.maas
48	! avoid division by zero in tip loss correction factor calculation
49	!
50	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
51	! use statement for exchange horiz added
52	!
53	! 4447 2020-03-06 11:05:30Z oliver.maas
54	! renamed wind_turbine_parameters namelist variables
55	!
56	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
57	! Bugfix: shifted netcdf preprocessor directive to correct position
58	!
59	! 4436 2020-03-03 12:47:02Z oliver.maas
60	! added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
61	!
62	! 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z oliver.maas
63	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number of time steps has to be given for
64	! wtm_data_output
65	!
66	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
67	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
68	!
69	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
70	! Added output control for wind turbine model
71	!
72	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
73	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
74	!
75	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
76	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
77	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
78	!
79	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
80	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static topography
81	! information used in wall_flags_static_0
82	!
83	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
84	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be greater than dlen
85	!
86	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
87	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
88	!
89	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
90	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher torque and power values
91	!
92	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
93	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
94	!
95	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
96	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
97	!
98	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
99	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort will happen for
100	! location values that are not implemented as CASE statements but are already realized in the code
101	! (e.g. pt-tendency)
102	!
103	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
104	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction of additional debug
105	! messages
106	!
107	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
108	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
109	!
110	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
111	! instrumented with openmp directives
112	!
113	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
114	! unused variables removed
115	!
116	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
117	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
118	!
119	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
120	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
121	!
122	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
123	! Initial revision
124	!
125	!
126	! Description:
127	! ------------
128	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The initial version
129	!> contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method (ADM-R).
130	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
131	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and yaw.
132	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine are hardcoded whereas most input
133	!> data comes from separate files (currently external, planned to be included as namelist which will
134	!> be read in automatically).
135	!>
136	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
137	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
138	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
139	!> @todo Generate header information
140	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
141	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
142	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
143	!> @todo Include additional output variables
144	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
145	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
146	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
147	!
148	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
149	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
150
151	USE arrays_3d, &
152	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
153
154	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
155	ONLY: pi
156
157	USE control_parameters, &
158	ONLY: coupling_char, &
159	debug_output, &
160	dt_3d, dz, end_time, initializing_actions, message_string, &
161	origin_date_time, restart_data_format_output, time_since_reference_point, &
162	wind_turbine
163
164	USE cpulog, &
165	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
166
167	USE data_output_module
168
169	USE grid_variables, &
170	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
171
172	USE indices, &
173	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
174	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
175
176	USE kinds
177
178	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
179	ONLY: check_existence, &
180	close_input_file, &
181	get_variable, &
182	input_pids_wtm, &
183	inquire_num_variables, &
184	inquire_variable_names, &
185	input_file_wtm, &
186	num_var_pids, &
187	open_read_file, &
188	pids_id, &
189	vars_pids
190
191	USE pegrid
192
193	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
194	ONLY: rrd_mpi_io_global_array, wrd_mpi_io_global_array
195
196
197	IMPLICIT NONE
198
199	PRIVATE
200
201	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
202	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename !<
203
204
205	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: n_turbines_max = 1000 !< maximum number of turbines (for array allocation)
206
207
208	!
209	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
210	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_airfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
211	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_turbines = 1 !< number of turbines
212
213	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
214	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
215	LOGICAL :: tip_loss_correction = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
216	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
217
218
219	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE. !<
220
221
222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
223	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
225	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
226
227
228	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
229	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
230
231
232	REAL(wp) :: segment_length_tangential = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
233	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
234	REAL(wp) :: segment_width_radial = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
235	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
236
237	REAL(wp) :: smearing_kernel_size = 2.0_wp !< size of the smearing kernel as multiples of dx
238
239	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
240	REAL(wp) :: tilt_angle = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt_angle of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
241
242	!< ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_x = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
244	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_y = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_z = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_radius = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
247	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_cd = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_cd = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: rotor_radius = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max), TARGET :: rotor_speed = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_diameter = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: yaw_angle = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree]
254
255
256	!
257	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
258	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
259	REAL(wp) :: air_density = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
260	REAL(wp) :: gear_efficiency = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
261	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
262	REAL(wp) :: generator_power_rated = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
263	REAL(wp) :: generator_inertia = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
264	REAL(wp) :: generator_efficiency = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
265	REAL(wp) :: generator_speed_rated = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
266	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_max = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
267	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_rate_max = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
268	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
269	REAL(wp) :: region_2_slope = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
270	REAL(wp) :: region_2_min = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
271	REAL(wp) :: region_15_min = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
272	REAL(wp) :: rotor_inertia = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
273
274
275
276	!
277	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control:
278	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_max = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
279	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_min = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
280	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
281
282	!
283	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model:
284	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
285	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
286	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
287	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
288	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
289
290	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
291
292	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
293	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
294	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
295	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
296	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
297	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
298	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
299	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
300
301	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
302
303	!
304	!- Parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid:
305	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
306	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
307	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
308	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
309	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
310	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
311	!
312	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients:
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
317
318	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of the lift and drag coeff [deg]
319
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
322
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
325
326	!
327	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces:
328	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
329	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
330	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
331	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
332	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
333	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
334	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
335	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
336	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
337	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
338	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
339	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
340	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
341	!
342	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust:
343	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
344	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
345	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
346	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
347	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
348
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
358
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
361
362	!
363	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid:
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
370
371	!
372	!- Rotor tendencies on the segments:
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
376
377	!
378	!- Rotor tendencies on the rings:
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
382
383	!
384	!- Rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines:
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
388
389	!
390	!- Rotor tendencies on coordinate grid:
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
394
395	!
396	!- Variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates:
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
398
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
408
409	!
410	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller:
411	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
412
413	REAL(wp) :: fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
414	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
415	REAL(wp) :: region_25_min !< min region 2.5
416	REAL(wp) :: region_25_slope !< slope in region 2.5
417	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
418	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
419	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
420	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
421
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(n_turbines_max) :: rotor_speed_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
423
424	!
425	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller:
426	INTEGER(iwp) :: wdlon !<
427	INTEGER(iwp) :: wdsho !<
428
429	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
430
431	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
433	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
435	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
436	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
437	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yaw_angle_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
439
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
442
443
444	!
445	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts:
446	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
447	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
448	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
449	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
450	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
451	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
452	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
453
454
455	SAVE
456
457
458	INTERFACE wtm_parin
459	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
460	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
461
462	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
463	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
464	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
465
466	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
467	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
468	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
469
470	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
471	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
472	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
473
474	INTERFACE wtm_init
475	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
476	END INTERFACE wtm_init
477
478	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
479	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
480	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
481
482	INTERFACE wtm_actions
483	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
484	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
485	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
486
487	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
488	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global_ftn
489	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
490	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
491
492	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
493	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
494	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
495
496
497	PUBLIC &
498	dt_data_output_wtm, &
499	time_wtm, &
500	wind_turbine
501
502	PUBLIC &
503	wtm_parin, &
504	wtm_check_parameters, &
505	wtm_data_output, &
506	wtm_init_arrays, &
507	wtm_init_output, &
508	wtm_init, &
509	wtm_actions, &
510	wtm_rrd_global, &
511	wtm_wrd_global
512
513
514	CONTAINS
515
516
517	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
518	! Description:
519	! ------------
520	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
521	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
522	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
523
524	IMPLICIT NONE
525
526	CHARACTER(LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
527
528	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
529	air_density, tower_diameter, dt_data_output_wtm, &
530	gear_efficiency, gear_ratio, generator_efficiency, &
531	generator_inertia, rotor_inertia, yaw_misalignment_max, &
532	generator_torque_max, generator_torque_rate_max, yaw_misalignment_min, &
533	region_15_min, region_2_min, n_airfoils, n_turbines, &
534	rotor_speed, yaw_angle, pitch_angle, pitch_control, &
535	generator_speed_rated, generator_power_rated, hub_x, hub_y, hub_z, &
536	nacelle_radius, rotor_radius, segment_length_tangential, segment_width_radial, &
537	region_2_slope, speed_control, tilt_angle, time_turbine_on, &
538	smearing_kernel_size, tower_cd, pitch_rate, &
539	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tip_loss_correction
540	! , nacelle_cd
541
542	!
543	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package:
544	REWIND ( 11 )
545	line = ' '
546	DO WHILE ( INDEX ( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
547	READ ( 11, '(A)', END = 12 ) line
548	ENDDO
549	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
550
551	!
552	!-- Read user-defined namelist:
553	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
554	!
555	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on:
556	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
557
558	GOTO 12
559
560	10 BACKSPACE ( 11 )
561	READ ( 11, '(A)' ) line
562	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
563
564	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
565
566	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
567
568
569	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
570	! Description:
571	! ------------
572	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
573	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
574	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
575
576
577	IMPLICIT NONE
578
579
580	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
581
582	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed' )
583	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed
584
585	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f' )
586	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f
587
588	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
589	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f_old
590
591	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_old' )
592	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_old
593
594	CALL wrd_write_string( 'rotor_speed' )
595	WRITE ( 14 ) rotor_speed
596
597	CALL wrd_write_string( 'yaw_angle' )
598	WRITE ( 14 ) yaw_angle
599
600	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle' )
601	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle
602
603	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle_old' )
604	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle_old
605
606	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
607	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
608
609	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
610	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
611
612	ELSEIF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'mpi' ) THEN
613
614	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed', generator_speed )
615	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f', generator_speed_f )
616	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f_old', generator_speed_f_old )
617	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_old', generator_speed_old )
618	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed )
619	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle )
620	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle )
621	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle_old', pitch_angle_old )
622	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen', torque_gen )
623	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen_old', torque_gen_old )
624
625	ENDIF
626
627	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
628
629
630	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
631	! Description:
632	! ------------
633	!> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format).
634	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
635	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_ftn( found )
636
637
638	USE control_parameters, &
639	ONLY: length, restart_string
640
641
642	IMPLICIT NONE
643
644	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
645
646
647	found = .TRUE.
648
649
650	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
651
652	CASE ( 'generator_speed' )
653	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed
654	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f' )
655	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f
656	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
657	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f_old
658	CASE ( 'generator_speed_old' )
659	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_old
660	CASE ( 'rotor_speed' )
661	READ ( 13 ) rotor_speed
662	CASE ( 'yaw_angle' )
663	READ ( 13 ) yaw_angle
664	CASE ( 'pitch_angle' )
665	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle
666	CASE ( 'pitch_angle_old' )
667	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle_old
668	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
669	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
670	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
671	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
672
673	CASE DEFAULT
674
675	found = .FALSE.
676
677	END SELECT
678
679
680	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_ftn
681
682
683	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
684	! Description:
685	! ------------
686	!> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO).
687	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
688	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
689
690	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed', generator_speed )
691	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f', generator_speed_f )
692	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f_old', generator_speed_f_old )
693	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_old', generator_speed_old )
694	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed )
695	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle )
696	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle )
697	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle_old', pitch_angle_old )
698	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen', torque_gen )
699	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen_old', torque_gen_old )
700
701	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
702
703
704	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
705	! Description:
706	! ------------
707	!> Check namelist parameter
708	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
709	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
710
711	IMPLICIT NONE
712
713	IF ( .NOT. input_pids_wtm ) THEN
714	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
715	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires speed_control = .TRUE.'
716	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
717	ENDIF
718
719	IF ( ANY( rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
720	message_string = 'rotor_speed < 0.0, Please set rotor_speed to ' // &
721	'a value equal or larger than zero'
722	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
723	ENDIF
724
725	IF ( ANY( hub_x(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
726	ANY( hub_y(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
727	ANY( hub_z(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
728
729	message_string = 'hub_x, hub_y, hub_z have to be given for each turbine.'
730	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
731	ENDIF
732	ENDIF
733
734	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
735	!
736	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
737	! Description:
738	! ------------
739	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
740	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
741	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
742
743	IMPLICIT NONE
744
745	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
746	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
747
748	#if defined( __netcdf )
749	!
750	! Read wtm input file (netcdf) if it exists:
751	IF ( input_pids_wtm ) THEN
752
753	!
754	!-- Open the wtm input file:
755	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_wtm ) // &
756	TRIM( coupling_char ), pids_id )
757
758	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
759
760	!
761	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them:
762	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
763	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
764
765	!
766	!-- Input of all wtm parameters:
767	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_diameter' ) ) THEN
768	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_diameter', tower_diameter(1:n_turbines) )
769	ENDIF
770
771	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_speed' ) ) THEN
772	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) )
773	ENDIF
774
775	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'pitch_angle' ) ) THEN
776	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle(1:n_turbines) )
777	ENDIF
778
779	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'yaw_angle' ) ) THEN
780	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle(1:n_turbines) )
781	ENDIF
782
783	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_x' ) ) THEN
784	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_x', hub_x(1:n_turbines) )
785	ENDIF
786
787	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_y' ) ) THEN
788	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_y', hub_y(1:n_turbines) )
789	ENDIF
790
791	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_z' ) ) THEN
792	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_z', hub_z(1:n_turbines) )
793	ENDIF
794
795	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_radius' ) ) THEN
796	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_radius', nacelle_radius(1:n_turbines) )
797	ENDIF
798
799	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_radius' ) ) THEN
800	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_radius', rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) )
801	ENDIF
802	!
803	! IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_cd' ) ) THEN
804	! CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_cd', nacelle_cd(1:n_turbines) )
805	! ENDIF
806
807	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_cd' ) ) THEN
808	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_cd', tower_cd(1:n_turbines) )
809	ENDIF
810	!
811	!-- Close wtm input file:
812	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
813
814	ENDIF
815	#endif
816
817	!
818	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
819	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
820	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:n_turbines) )
821	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:n_turbines) )
822
823	nrings(:) = 0
824	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
825
826	!
827	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
828	delta_r_factor = segment_width_radial
829	delta_t_factor = segment_length_tangential
830	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1) )
831
832	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
833	!
834	!-- Determine number of rings:
835	nrings(inot) = NINT( rotor_radius(inot) / delta_r_init )
836
837	delta_r(inot) = rotor_radius(inot) / nrings(inot)
838
839	ENDDO
840
841	nrings_max = MAXVAL( nrings )
842
843	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:n_turbines) )
844	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:n_turbines) )
845
846	nsegs(:,:) = 0
847	nsegs_total(:) = 0
848
849
850	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
851	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
852	!
853	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
854	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * ( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
855	delta_t_factor ) )
856	ENDDO
857	!
858	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
859	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
860	ENDDO
861
862	!
863	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
864	nsegs_max = MAXVAL( nsegs )
865
866	!!
867	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
868	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
869	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
870	! PRINT*, '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
871	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
872	! PRINT*, '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
873	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
874	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
875	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
876	! ENDIF
877
878
879	!
880	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines):
881	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:n_turbines) )
882	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:n_turbines) )
883	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:n_turbines) )
884	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:n_turbines) )
885	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:n_turbines) )
886	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:n_turbines) )
887	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:n_turbines) )
888	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:n_turbines) )
889
890	!
891	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control:
892	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:n_turbines) )
893	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:n_turbines) )
894	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:n_turbines) )
895	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:n_turbines) )
896	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:n_turbines) )
897	ALLOCATE( yaw_angle_l(1:n_turbines) )
898
899	!
900	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments):
901	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
902	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
903	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
904	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
905	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
906	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
907	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
908	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
909	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
910	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
911
912	!
913	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments):
914	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
915	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
916	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
917	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
918	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
919	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
920
921	!
922	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays:
923	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
924	ALLOCATE( roty(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
925	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
926
927	!
928	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points):
929	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
930	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
931	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
932	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
933	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
934	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
935	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
936	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
937
938	!
939	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays:
940	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
941	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
942	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
943	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
944	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
945	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
946
947	!
948	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
949	i_hub(:) = 0
950	i_smear(:) = 0
951	j_hub(:) = 0
952	j_smear(:) = 0
953	k_hub(:) = 0
954	k_smear(:) = 0
955
956	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
957	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
958
959	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
960	generator_speed(:) = 0.0_wp
961	generator_speed_old(:) = 0.0_wp
962	generator_speed_f(:) = 0.0_wp
963	generator_speed_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
964	pitch_angle_old(:) = 0.0_wp
965	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
966	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
967	ENDIF
968
969	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
970	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
971	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
972	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
973	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
974	yaw_angle_l(:) = 0.0_wp
975
976	!
977	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments):
978	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
979	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
980	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
981	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
982	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
983	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
984	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
985	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
986	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
987	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
988
989	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
990	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
991	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
992	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
993	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
994	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
995
996	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
997	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
998	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
999
1000	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1001	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1002	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1003	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1004	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1005	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1006	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1007	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1008
1009	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1010	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1011	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1012	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1013	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1014	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1015
1016
1017	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
1018
1019
1020	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1021	! Description:
1022	! ------------
1023	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
1024	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1025	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1026
1027
1028	USE control_parameters, &
1029	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
1030
1031	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
1032	ONLY: exchange_horiz
1033
1034	IMPLICIT NONE
1035
1036
1037
1038	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1039	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1040	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1041
1042
1043	!
1044	!-- Help variables for the smearing function:
1045	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
1046
1047	!
1048	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag:
1049	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
1050	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
1051
1052	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
1053	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
1054	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
1055	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
1056
1057	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
1058
1059
1060	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
1061
1062	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:n_turbines) )
1063	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:n_turbines) )
1064	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:n_turbines) )
1065	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:n_turbines) )
1066
1067	!
1068	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1069	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel (smearing of the forces)
1070	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1071	!
1072	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will be calculated:
1073
1074	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to be a reasonable
1075	!-- value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy, DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1076	eps_kernel = smearing_kernel_size * dx
1077	!
1078	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following if the integral of
1079	!-- the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall be equal to the integral of the Gaussian
1080	!-- function used before:
1081	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1082	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1083	!
1084	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind turbine model.
1085	!-- Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above the area where the wtm is active.
1086	!-- ABS (...) is required because the default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp
1087	!-- (negative):
1088	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL( hub_z(1:n_turbines) ) + &
1089	MAXVAL( rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) ) + &
1090	eps_min) THEN
1091	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical stretching is applied has ' // &
1092	'to be greater than ',MAXVAL( hub_z(1:n_turbines) ) &
1093	+ MAXVAL( rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) ) + eps_min
1094	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1095	ENDIF
1096	!
1097	!-- Square of eps_min:
1098	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1099	!
1100	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1101	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1102	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1103	!
1104	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing function:
1105	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1106
1107	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1108	tilt_angle = tilt_angle * pi / 180.0_wp
1109
1110	!
1111	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1112	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1113	yaw_angle(:) = yaw_angle(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1114	ENDIF
1115
1116
1117	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1118	!
1119	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined:
1120	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1121
1122	!
1123	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height:
1124	i_hub(inot) = INT( hub_x(inot) / dx )
1125	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1126	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1127
1128	!
1129	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1130	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than eps_min, the
1131	!-- smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a function of eps_min:
1132	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1133	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1134	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1135
1136	ENDDO
1137
1138	!
1139	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local rotor_speed for the
1140	!-- respective processor:
1141	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1142
1143	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1144
1145	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1146
1147	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1148
1149	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1150	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1151	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1152	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1153	ENDIF
1154
1155	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1156	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1157	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1158	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1159	ENDIF
1160
1161	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1162	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1163	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1164	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1165	ENDIF
1166
1167	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1168	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1169	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1170	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1171	ENDIF
1172
1173	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1174	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1175
1176	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
1177
1178	ENDIF
1179	ENDIF
1180
1181	END DO
1182
1183	ENDIF
1184
1185	ENDIF
1186
1187	!
1188	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1189	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area of the nacelle and the
1190	!-- tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1191	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1192	!
1193	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor
1194	!-- area.
1195
1196	!
1197	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points between rotor disk
1198	!-- and the numerical grid:
1199	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1200
1201	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1202
1203	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1204
1205
1206	DO inot = 1, n_turbines ! loop over number of turbines
1207	!
1208	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of the rotor center
1209	!-- (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that the mean flow is perpendicular to the
1210	!-- rotor area):
1211	i = i_hub(inot)
1212
1213	!
1214	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding grid point indices):
1215	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1216	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1217	!
1218	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding grid point indices).
1219	!-- The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as the first level for the u-component
1220	!-- (index 0) is situated below the surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already
1221	!-- be contained in grid box 1:
1222	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1223	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1224
1225	!
1226	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and the right boundaries of
1227	!-- the tower:
1228	tower_n = ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1229	tower_s = ( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1230
1231	!
1232	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower area and multiply
1233	!-- it with the drag of the tower:
1234	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1235
1236	DO j = nys, nyn
1237	!
1238	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower:
1239	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1240
1241	DO k = nzb, nzt
1242
1243	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1244	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1245	!
1246	!-- Leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1247	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1248	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1249	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1250	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1251	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1252	tower_cd(inot)
1253
1254	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1255	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1256	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1257	( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1258	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1259	tower_cd(inot)
1260	!
1261	!-- Grid boxes inbetween (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1262	ELSE
1263	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1264	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * dy * &
1265	tower_cd(inot)
1266	ENDIF
1267	!
1268	!-- Tower lies completely within one grid box:
1269	ELSE
1270	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1271	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1272	tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1273	ENDIF
1274	!
1275	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions are carried out:
1276	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1277
1278	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1279	!
1280	!-- Leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1281	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1282	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( ( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1283	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) &
1284	* tower_cd(inot)
1285
1286	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1287	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * &
1288	tower_diameter(inot) ) - ( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) &
1289	* dy ) * tower_cd(inot)
1290	!
1291	!-- Grid boxes inbetween (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1292	ELSE
1293	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * tower_cd(inot)
1294	ENDIF
1295	!
1296	!-- Tower lies completely within one grid box:
1297	ELSE
1298	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1299	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1300
1301	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1302
1303	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1304
1305	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1306
1307	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1308
1309	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1310
1311
1312	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1313
1314	!
1315	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1316	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC cluster (Oldenburg)
1317	!!
1318	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for the calculation
1319	!!-- of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called circle_points in the following):
1320	!
1321	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1322	!
1323	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1324	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1325	! sqrt_arg = nacelle_radius(inot)2 - ( yvalue - hub_y(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1326	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1327	!!
1328	!!-- bottom intersection point
1329	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1330	!!
1331	!!-- top intersection point
1332	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1333	! ELSE
1334	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1335	! ENDIF
1336	! ENDDO
1337	!
1338	!
1339	! DO j = nys, nyn
1340	!!
1341	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle (y) it can
1342	!!-- automatically be stated that there is no overlap between the grid box and the nacelle
1343	!!-- and consequently we can set nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1344	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1345	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1346	!!
1347	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle (z) it can
1348	!!-- automatically be stated that there is no overlap between the grid box and the
1349	!!-- nacelle and consequently we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1350	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1351	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1352	!!
1353	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated. Here, the points on the
1354	!!-- circle that have been determined above are used in order to calculate the
1355	!!-- overlap between the gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1356	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1357	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1358	! dz_int = dz
1359	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1360	!!
1361	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle within the current
1362	!!-- grid box:
1363	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1364	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1365	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1366	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1367	! ENDIF
1368	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1369	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1370	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1371	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1372	! ENDIF
1373	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1374	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1375	! ENDIF
1376	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1377	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1378	! ENDIF
1379	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1380	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1381	! dy_int * dz_int * nacelle_cd(inot)
1382	! ENDIF
1383	! ENDDO
1384	! ENDIF
1385	! ENDDO
1386	! ENDIF
1387	!
1388	! ENDDO
1389	!
1390	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1391
1392	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1393
1394	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1395	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1396
1397	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1398
1399	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1400
1401	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1402
1403
1404
1405	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1406
1407
1408	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1409	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1410	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1411
1412	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1413
1414	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1415
1416
1417	!
1418	!-- Create NetCDF output file:
1419	#if defined( __netcdf4 )
1420	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1421	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1422	#else
1423	message_string = 'Wind turbine model output requires NetCDF version 4. ' // &
1424	'No output file will be created.'
1425	CALL message( 'wtm_init_output', 'PA0672', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1426	#endif
1427	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1428	!
1429	!-- Define dimensions in output file:
1430	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:n_turbines) )
1431	DO n = 1, n_turbines
1432	ndim(n) = n
1433	ENDDO
1434	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1435	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1436	output_type = 'int32', &
1437	bounds = (/1_iwp, n_turbines/), &
1438	values_int32 = ndim )
1439	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1440
1441	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1442	dimension_name = 'time', &
1443	output_type = 'real32', &
1444	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
1445	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1446
1447	variable_name = 'x'
1448	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1449	variable_name = variable_name, &
1450	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1451	output_type = 'real32' )
1452
1453	variable_name = 'y'
1454	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1455	variable_name = variable_name, &
1456	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1457	output_type = 'real32' )
1458
1459	variable_name = 'z'
1460	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1461	variable_name = variable_name, &
1462	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1463	output_type = 'real32' )
1464
1465
1466	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter'
1467	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1468	variable_name = variable_name, &
1469	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1470	output_type = 'real32' )
1471
1472	variable_name = 'tower_diameter'
1473	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1474	variable_name = variable_name, &
1475	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1476	output_type = 'real32' )
1477
1478	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1479	variable_name = 'time', &
1480	attribute_name = 'units', &
1481	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1482
1483	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1484	variable_name = 'x', &
1485	attribute_name = 'units', &
1486	value = 'm' )
1487
1488	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1489	variable_name = 'y', &
1490	attribute_name = 'units', &
1491	value = 'm' )
1492
1493	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1494	variable_name = 'z', &
1495	attribute_name = 'units', &
1496	value = 'm' )
1497
1498	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1499	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1500	attribute_name = 'units', &
1501	value = 'm' )
1502
1503	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1504	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1505	attribute_name = 'units', &
1506	value = 'm' )
1507
1508	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1509	variable_name = 'x', &
1510	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1511	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1512
1513	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1514	variable_name = 'y', &
1515	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1516	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1517
1518	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1519	variable_name = 'z', &
1520	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1521	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1522
1523	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1524	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1525	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1526	value = 'turbine name')
1527
1528	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1529	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1530	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1531	value = 'rotor diameter')
1532
1533	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1534	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1535	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1536	value = 'tower diameter')
1537
1538	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1539	variable_name = 'time', &
1540	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1541	value = 'time')
1542
1543	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1544	variable_name = 'time', &
1545	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1546	value = 'T')
1547
1548	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1549	variable_name = 'x', &
1550	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1551	value = 'X' )
1552
1553	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1554	variable_name = 'y', &
1555	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1556	value = 'Y' )
1557
1558
1559	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1560	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1561	variable_name = variable_name, &
1562	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1563	output_type = 'real32' )
1564
1565	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1566	variable_name = variable_name, &
1567	attribute_name = 'units', &
1568	value = 'W' )
1569
1570	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1571	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1572	variable_name = variable_name, &
1573	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1574	output_type = 'real32' )
1575
1576	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1577	variable_name = variable_name, &
1578	attribute_name = 'units', &
1579	value = 'rad/s' )
1580
1581	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1582	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1583	variable_name = variable_name, &
1584	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1585	output_type = 'real32' )
1586
1587	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1588	variable_name = variable_name, &
1589	attribute_name = 'units', &
1590	value = 'Nm' )
1591
1592	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1593	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1594	variable_name = variable_name, &
1595	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1596	output_type = 'real32' )
1597
1598	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1599	variable_name = variable_name, &
1600	attribute_name = 'units', &
1601	value = 'degrees' )
1602
1603	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1604	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1605	variable_name = variable_name, &
1606	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1607	output_type = 'real32' )
1608
1609	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1610	variable_name = variable_name, &
1611	attribute_name = 'units', &
1612	value = 'W' )
1613
1614	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1615	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1616	variable_name = variable_name, &
1617	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1618	output_type = 'real32' )
1619
1620	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1621	variable_name = variable_name, &
1622	attribute_name = 'units', &
1623	value = 'rad/s' )
1624
1625	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1626	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1627	variable_name = variable_name, &
1628	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1629	output_type = 'real32' )
1630
1631	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1632	variable_name = variable_name, &
1633	attribute_name = 'units', &
1634	value = 'N' )
1635
1636	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1637	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1638	variable_name = variable_name, &
1639	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1640	output_type = 'real32' )
1641
1642	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1643	variable_name = variable_name, &
1644	attribute_name = 'units', &
1645	value = 'Nm' )
1646
1647	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1648	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1649	variable_name = variable_name, &
1650	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1651	output_type = 'real32' )
1652
1653	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1654	variable_name = variable_name, &
1655	attribute_name = 'units', &
1656	value = 'degrees' )
1657
1658	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1659	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1660	variable_name = variable_name, &
1661	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1662	output_type = 'real32' )
1663
1664	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1665	variable_name = variable_name, &
1666	attribute_name = 'units', &
1667	value = 'degrees' )
1668
1669	ENDIF
1670	END SUBROUTINE
1671
1672	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1673	! Description:
1674	! ------------
1675	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables and the distribution of lift and
1676	!> drag tables along the blade
1677	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1678	!
1679	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1680
1681
1682	IMPLICIT NONE
1683
1684	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1685
1686	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1687	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1688
1689	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1690
1691	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1692	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1693	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1694	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1695	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1696	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1697	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1698	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1699	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1700	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1701
1702
1703	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1704	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1705	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1706
1707	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1708	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1709
1710	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1711	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1712	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1713	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1714	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1715
1716	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1717	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1718	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1719	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1720	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1721
1722	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2 * n_airfoils + 1) )
1723
1724	!
1725	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the layout of the rotor
1726	!-- blade and the lift and drag tables:
1727	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1728
1729	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1730	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1731	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1732	ENDIF
1733	!
1734	!-- Read distribution table:
1735	dlen = 0
1736
1737	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1738
1739	rloop3: DO
1740	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1741	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1742	dlen = dlen + 1
1743	ENDDO rloop3
1744
1745	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen) )
1746
1747	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1748	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1749	ENDDO
1750
1751	DO jj = 1, dlen
1752	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1753	ENDDO
1754
1755	!
1756	!-- Read layout table:
1757	dlen = 0
1758
1759	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1760
1761	rloop1: DO
1762	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1763	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1764	dlen = dlen + 1
1765	ENDDO rloop1
1766
1767	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1768	DO jj = 1, dlen + 1
1769	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1770	ENDDO
1771	DO jj = 1, dlen
1772	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1773	ENDDO
1774
1775	!
1776	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1777	dlen = 0
1778
1779	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1780
1781	rloop2: DO
1782	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1783	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1784	dlen = dlen + 1
1785	ENDDO rloop2
1786
1787	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils), &
1788	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils) )
1789
1790	DO jj = 1, dlen + 1
1791	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1792	ENDDO
1793
1794	DO jj = 1, dlen
1795	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1796	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1797	DO ii = 1, n_airfoils
1798	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii * 2)
1799	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii * 2 + 1)
1800	ENDDO
1801
1802	ENDDO
1803
1804	dlenbl = dlen
1805
1806	CLOSE ( 90 )
1807
1808	!
1809	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rotor_radius(1)=63m)
1810	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!) determine the
1811	!-- lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the tabulated values of each table
1812	!-- (interpolate to current angle of attack) and between the tables (interpolate to current
1813	!-- radial position):
1814	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1815	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1816	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1817	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1818
1819	radres = INT( rotor_radius(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1820	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1821
1822	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1823	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1824
1825	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1826
1827	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1828	!
1829	!-- Find position in table 1:
1830	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1831	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1832
1833	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1834	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1835	ENDIF
1836
1837	trow = lct(1)
1838	!
1839	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation:
1840	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1841	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1842	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1843	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1844
1845	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1846	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1847	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1848	ENDIF
1849
1850	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1851	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1852	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1853	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1854	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1855
1856	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1857	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1858	! explicitly
1859	ELSE
1860	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1861	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1862	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1863	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1864	!
1865	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set explicitly:
1866	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b * turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1867	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b * turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1868	ENDIF
1869
1870	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1871
1872	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1873	ialpha = 1
1874
1875	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. ( ialpha < dlen ) )
1876	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1877	ENDDO
1878
1879	!
1880	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius segments and angles
1881	!-- of attack:
1882	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_i ) / &
1883	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1884	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1885	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) + &
1886	( alpha_attack_i - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1887	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1888	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1889	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1890	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_i ) / &
1891	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1892	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1893	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) + &
1894	( alpha_attack_i - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1895	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1896	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1897	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1898
1899	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1900
1901	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1902
1903
1904	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1905
1906
1907	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1908	! Description:
1909	! ------------
1910	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect to the yaw and tilt
1911	!> angle of the rotor is calculated
1912	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1913	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1914
1915
1916	IMPLICIT NONE
1917
1918	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1919	!
1920	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to the rotors:
1921	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1922	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1923	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1924
1925	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1926	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1927	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1928
1929	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1930	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1931	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1932
1933	!
1934	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to the rotor.
1935	!-- If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1936	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1937	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1938	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1939	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1940	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1941	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1942	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1943	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1944	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1945	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1946	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1947	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1948	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1949	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1950	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1951	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1952	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1953	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1954	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1955	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1956	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1957	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1958	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1959	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1960
1961	!
1962	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric coordinate system to the
1963	!-- cartesian coordinate system:
1964	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1965	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1966	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1967
1968	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1969
1970
1971	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1972	! Description:
1973	! ------------
1974	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1975	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1976	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1977
1978
1979	IMPLICIT NONE
1980
1981
1982	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1983	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1984	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1985	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1986	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1987	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1988
1989	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1990	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1991	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1992
1993	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1994	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1995
1996	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1997
1998
1999	!
2000	!-- Variables for pitch control:
2001	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
2002
2003	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2004
2005	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
2006
2007	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
2008
2009
2010	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
2011
2012
2013	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2014
2015	!
2016	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
2017	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2018	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2019	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2020	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
2021	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2022	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2023	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2024	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
2025	!
2026	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2027	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2028
2029	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2030	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2031	!
2032	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2033	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
2034	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
2035	!$OMP DO
2036	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2037
2038	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
2039	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
2040	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
2041	!
2042	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2043	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2044
2045	!
2046	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2047	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2048	!
2049	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2050	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
2051	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2052	!
2053	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of rotor system
2054	!-- (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned with y-axis):
2055	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2056	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2057	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2058
2059	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to the yaw and tilt angle:
2060	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2061	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2062	re(3) = sin_rot
2063
2064	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2065	!
2066	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2067	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2068	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2069	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2070
2071	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2072	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the cartesian grid point to --!
2073	!-- !-- the coordinates of each ring segment (follows a method used in the --!
2074	!-- !-- particle model) --!
2075	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2076
2077	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2078	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2079
2080	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2081	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2082
2083	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2084	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2085
2086	!
2087	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
2088	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
2089	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2090	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2091	!
2092	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on the current PE:
2093	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2094	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2095
2096	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2097	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2098	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2099	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2100	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2101	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2102	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2103	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2104	gg = dx * dy
2105
2106	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) &
2107	+ dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2108
2109	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) &
2110	+ dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2111
2112	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + ( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2113	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
2114
2115	ELSE
2116	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2117	ENDIF
2118
2119	ELSE
2120	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2121	ENDIF
2122
2123
2124	!
2125	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2126	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2127	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2128	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2129	!
2130	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on the current PE:
2131	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2132	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2133
2134	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2135	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2136	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2137	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2138	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2139	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2140	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2141	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2142	gg = dx * dy
2143
2144	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) &
2145	+ dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2146
2147	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) &
2148	+ dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2149
2150	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + ( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2151	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2152
2153	ELSE
2154	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2155	ENDIF
2156
2157	ELSE
2158	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2159	ENDIF
2160
2161
2162	!
2163	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2164	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2165	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2166	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2167	!
2168	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on the current PE:
2169	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2170	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2171
2172	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2173	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2174	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2175	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2176	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2177	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2178	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2179	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2180	gg = dx * dy
2181
2182	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) &
2183	+ dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2184
2185	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) &
2186	+ dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2187
2188	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + ( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2189	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2190	ELSE
2191	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2192	ENDIF
2193
2194	ELSE
2195	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2196	ENDIF
2197
2198	ENDDO
2199
2200	ENDDO
2201	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2202
2203	ENDDO
2204
2205	!
2206	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2207	#if defined( __parallel )
2208	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2209	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2210	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2211	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2212	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2213	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2214	#else
2215	u_int = u_int_1_l
2216	v_int = v_int_1_l
2217	w_int = w_int_1_l
2218	#endif
2219
2220
2221	!
2222	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2223	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2224	pit_loop: DO
2225
2226	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2227	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2228	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2229	pitch_angle(inot) = pitch_angle(inot) + 0.25_wp
2230	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_angle(inot)
2231	ELSE
2232	cos_yaw = COS( yaw_angle(inot) )
2233	sin_yaw = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) )
2234	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2235	pitch_angle(inot) = MAX( pitch_angle_old(inot) - pitch_rate * dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2236	ENDIF
2237	ENDIF
2238
2239	!
2240	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2241	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2242	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2243	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2244	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2245	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2246	!$OMP DO
2247	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2248	!
2249	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2250	cur_r = ( ring - 0.5_wp ) * delta_r(inot)
2251	!
2252	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2253	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2254	!
2255	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of rotor system
2256	!-- (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned with y-axis):
2257	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2258	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2259	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2260	!
2261	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to the yaw and tilt angle:
2262	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2263	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2264	re(3) = sin_rot
2265
2266	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2267	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2268	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2269	rea(3) = cos_rot
2270
2271	!
2272	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of velocities and forces the
2273	!-- unit vectors perpendicular to the rotor area in direction of the positive yaw
2274	!-- angle are defined:
2275	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2276	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2277	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2278	!
2279	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix gives the final unit
2280	!-- vector with consideration of the rotor tilt:
2281	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2282	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2283	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2284	!
2285	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2286	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2287
2288	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2289
2290	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2291
2292	!
2293	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2294	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2295	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2296	!
2297	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its components perpendicular
2298	!-- and parallel to the rotor area.
2299	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-coordinates y' and z.
2300	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied on the hydrodynamic
2301	!-- equations.
2302	!
2303	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area:
2304	!
2305	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2306	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg) * rotn(1) + v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2307	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2308	!
2309
2310	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal direction:
2311	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2312	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2313	!
2314
2315	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane and the direction of the
2316	!-- flow relative to the rotor:
2317	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN2( u_rot , ( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - vtheta(rseg) ) )
2318
2319	!
2320	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values to the current
2321	!-- radial position:
2322	lct = minloc( ABS( cur_r-lrd ) )
2323	rad_d = cur_r-lrd(lct)
2324
2325	IF ( cur_r == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2326	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2327
2328	ELSE IF ( cur_r >= lrd(size(ard)) ) THEN
2329	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard) ) + ard(size(ard) -1 ) ) / 2.0_wp
2330
2331	ELSE
2332	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard( lct(1) ) * ( ( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - cur_r ) / &
2333	( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) ) + &
2334	( ard( lct(1) + 1 ) * ( ( cur_r - lrd( lct(1) ) ) / &
2335	( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) )
2336	ENDIF
2337
2338	!
2339	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all angles.
2340	!-- Therefore, a transformation from angles given in degree to angles given in radian
2341	!-- is necessary here:
2342	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * ( ( 2.0_wp * pi ) / 360.0_wp )
2343	!
2344	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local angle of attack:
2345	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2346	!
2347	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian to angles given in
2348	!-- degree:
2349	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * ( 360.0_wp / ( 2.0_wp * pi ) )
2350	!
2351	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2352	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_angle(inot)
2353
2354	!
2355	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative to the rotor:
2356	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot*2 + ( rotor_speed(inot) cur_r - vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2357
2358	!
2359	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2360	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2361	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2362	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2363
2364	!
2365	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to the current radial
2366	!-- position:
2367	IF ( cur_r == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2368	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2369
2370	ELSE IF ( cur_r >= lrd( size(crd) ) ) THEN
2371	chord(rseg) = ( crd( size(crd) ) + ard( size(crd) - 1 ) ) / 2.0_wp
2372
2373	ELSE
2374	chord(rseg) = ( crd( lct(1) ) * ( ( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - cur_r ) / &
2375	( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) ) + ( crd( lct(1) + 1 ) &
2376	* ( ( cur_r - lrd( lct(1) ) ) / ( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - &
2377	lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) )
2378	ENDIF
2379
2380	!
2381	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for finding the appropriate
2382	!-- interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2383	!-- (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601, so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2384	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2385	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2386	!
2387	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for finding the appropriate
2388	!-- interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2389	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2390	!
2391	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients for the current
2392	!-- radial position and angle of attack:
2393	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2394	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2395
2396	!
2397	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to angles given in radian:
2398	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * ( ( 2.0_wp * pi ) / 360.0_wp )
2399
2400	IF ( tip_loss_correction ) THEN
2401	!
2402	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito.
2403	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force.
2404	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift coefficient and
2405	!-- not to the drag coefficient in our case.
2406	IF ( phi_rel(rseg) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2407	tl_factor = 1.0_wp
2408
2409	ELSE
2410	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2411	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rotor_radius(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2412	( 2.0 * cur_r * ABS( SIN( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2413	ENDIF
2414
2415	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2416
2417	ENDIF
2418	!
2419	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2420	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2421	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2422
2423	!
2424	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2425	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * ( vrel(rseg)*2 ) 3.0_wp * chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) &
2426	/ nsegs(ring,inot)
2427
2428	!
2429	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force) for each ring segment:
2430	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * ( turb_cl(rseg) * COS (phi_rel(rseg) ) + &
2431	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN( phi_rel(rseg) ) )
2432
2433	!
2434	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting on the flow in the
2435	!-- azimuthal direction: force vector as basis for torque (torque itself would be the
2436	!-- vector product of the radius vector and the force vector):
2437	torque_seg = pre_factor * ( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN (phi_rel(rseg) ) - &
2438	turb_cd(rseg) * COS( phi_rel(rseg) ) )
2439	!
2440	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts: One acting along the
2441	!-- y-direction and one acting along the z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2442	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2443	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2444
2445	!
2446	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor:
2447	!$OMP CRITICAL
2448	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + thrust_seg(rseg)
2449
2450
2451	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2452	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2453
2454	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2455
2456	!
2457	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of each ring:
2458	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2459	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2460	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2461
2462
2463	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2464	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2465
2466
2467	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2468
2469
2470	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2471	!
2472	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control:
2473
2474	!
2475	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from the force balance of the
2476	!-- accelerating torque and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator:
2477	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_density * gear_efficiency - &
2478	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / ( rotor_inertia + &
2479	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * generator_inertia ) * dt_3d
2480
2481	!
2482	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio and rotor speed:
2483	generator_speed(inot) = gear_ratio * ( rotor_speed(inot) + om_rate )
2484
2485	ENDIF
2486
2487	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2488
2489	!
2490	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not saturated and the
2491	!-- change from the last time step is within the maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop
2492	!-- is repeated with a pitch gain:
2493	IF ( ( generator_speed(inot) > generator_speed_rated ) .AND. &
2494	( pitch_angle(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2495	( pitch_angle(inot) < pitch_angle_old(inot) + pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2496	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2497	!
2498	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop:
2499	CYCLE pit_loop
2500	ENDIF
2501
2502	!
2503	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step:
2504	pitch_angle_old(inot) = pitch_angle(inot)
2505	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2506	ENDIF
2507	EXIT pit_loop
2508	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2509
2510
2511	!
2512	!-- Call the rotor speed controller:
2513	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2514	!
2515	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub:
2516	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2517	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2518	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2519	ENDIF
2520	ENDIF
2521
2522	ENDIF
2523
2524
2525	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2526
2527	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2528
2529
2530	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2531	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2532	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2533	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2534	!
2535	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on several mesh points in
2536	!-- order to avoid singular behaviour.
2537	!
2538	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor (calculated in user_init)
2539	!-- includes information on the distance between the center of the grid cell and the rotor
2540	!-- segment under consideration.
2541	!
2542	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part of the model domain:
2543	!
2544	!--
2545	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2546	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + eps_min ) / dx )
2547	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + eps_min ) / dy )
2548
2549	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2550	!$OMP DO
2551	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2552	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2553	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2554	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2555	DO k = nzb + 1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2556	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2557	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2558	!
2559	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography:
2560	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2561
2562	!
2563	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the current grid point and
2564	!-- each rotor area segment:
2565	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2566	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2567	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2568
2569	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2570	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2571	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2572
2573	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2574	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2575	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2576
2577	!
2578	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function (much faster than
2579	!-- the old Gaussian function), using some parameters that have been
2580	!-- calculated in user_init. The function is only similar to Gaussian
2581	!-- function for squared distances <= eps_min2:
2582	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2583	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2584	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2585	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * flag
2586	ENDIF
2587
2588	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2589	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2590	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2591	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * flag
2592	ENDIF
2593
2594	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2595	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2596	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2597	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * flag
2598	ENDIF
2599
2600	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2601	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2602
2603	!
2604	!-- Rotation of force components:
2605	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( thrust(k,j,i) * rotx(inot,1) + &
2606	torque_y(k,j,i) * roty(inot,1) + torque_z(k,j,i) * &
2607	rotz(inot,1) ) * flag
2608
2609	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( thrust(k,j,i) * rotx(inot,2) + &
2610	torque_y(k,j,i) * roty(inot,2) + torque_z(k,j,i) * &
2611	rotz(inot,2) ) * flag
2612
2613	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( thrust(k,j,i) * rotx(inot,3) + &
2614	torque_y(k,j,i) * roty(inot,3) + torque_z(k,j,i) * &
2615	rotz(inot,3) ) * flag
2616
2617	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2618	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2619	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2620	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2621
2622	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2623
2624	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2625
2626
2627	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2628	!
2629	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call. Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set.
2630	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2631	wdlon= MAX( 1 , NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 30s running mean array
2632	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:n_turbines,1:WDLON) )
2633	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2634	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2635
2636	wdsho = MAX( 1 , NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 2s running mean array
2637	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:n_turbines,1:wdsho) )
2638	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2639	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:wdsho) )
2640	start_up = .FALSE.
2641	ENDIF
2642
2643	!
2644	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed:
2645	!--
2646	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2647	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2648	!
2649	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub:
2650	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2651	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2652	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2653	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( 0.5_wp * &
2654	( v(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot), i_hub(inot) + 1) + &
2655	v(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot), i_hub(inot)) ) , 0.5_wp * &
2656	( u(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot) + 1, i_hub(inot)) + &
2657	u(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot), i_hub(inot)) ) )
2658
2659	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2660
2661	yaw_angle_l(inot) = yaw_angle(inot)
2662
2663	ENDIF
2664	ENDIF
2665
2666	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
2667
2668	!
2669	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus:
2670	#if defined( __parallel )
2671	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2672	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2673	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2674	comm2d, ierr )
2675	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( yaw_angle_l, yaw_angle, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2676	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2677	#else
2678	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2679	wdir = wdir_l
2680	yaw_angle = yaw_angle_l
2681
2682	#endif
2683	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2684	!
2685	!-- Update rotor orientation:
2686	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2687
2688	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2689
2690	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2691
2692	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2693	!
2694	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus:
2695	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed, generator_speed_old, n_turbines, &
2696	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2697	#if defined( __parallel )
2698	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, n_turbines, &
2699	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2700	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( rotor_speed_l, rotor_speed, n_turbines, &
2701	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2702	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed_f, generator_speed_f_old, n_turbines, &
2703	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2704	#else
2705	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2706	rotor_speed = rotor_speed_l
2707	generator_speed_f_old = generator_speed_f
2708	#endif
2709
2710	ENDIF
2711
2712	ENDIF
2713
2714	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2715
2716
2717	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2718
2719
2720	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2721	! Description:
2722	! ------------
2723	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2724	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2725	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2726
2727	USE kinds
2728
2729	IMPLICIT NONE
2730
2731	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2732	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2733
2734	REAL(wp) :: missal
2735
2736	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2737
2738	!
2739	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction. If the difference
2740	!-- between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The
2741	!-- mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5
2742	!-- degrees. Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly the lengths
2743	!-- of the running means change and it does not correspond to 30s/2s anymore.
2744	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2745	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause problems and the yaw
2746	!-- controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for averaging needs to be improved!
2747	!
2748	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing:
2749	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2750	!
2751	!-- Write current wind direction into array:
2752	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2753	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2754	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2755	!
2756	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies ):
2757	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2758
2759	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - yaw_angle(inot)
2760	!
2761	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than yaw_misalignment_max:
2762	IF ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_max ) THEN
2763	!
2764	!-- Check in which direction to yaw:
2765	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2766	!
2767	!-- Start yawing of turbine:
2768	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2769	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2770	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2771	ENDIF
2772	ENDIF
2773
2774	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2775
2776	!
2777	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2778	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller than
2779	!-- yaw_misalignment_min
2780
2781	ELSE
2782	!
2783	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean:
2784
2785	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2786	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2787	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2788	!
2789	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies ):
2790	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2791	!
2792	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine:
2793	missal = SUM( wd2_l - yaw_angle(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2794	!
2795	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the yaw direction is
2796	!-- still right:
2797	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_min ) .AND. &
2798	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2799	!
2800	!-- Continue yawing:
2801	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2802
2803	ELSE
2804	!
2805	!-- Stop yawing:
2806	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2807	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2808	ENDIF
2809	ELSE
2810	!
2811	!-- Continue yawing:
2812	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2813	ENDIF
2814
2815	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2816
2817	ENDIF
2818
2819	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2820
2821
2822	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2823	! Description:
2824	! ------------
2825	!> Initialization of the speed control
2826	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2827	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2828
2829
2830	IMPLICIT NONE
2831
2832	!
2833	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for the control algorithm
2834	!-- are calculated:
2835	!
2836	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15:
2837	slope15 = ( region_2_slope * region_2_min * region_2_min ) / &
2838	( region_2_min - region_15_min )
2839	!
2840	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region:
2841	vs_sysp = generator_speed_rated / 1.1_wp
2842	!
2843	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region:
2844	region_25_slope = ( generator_power_rated / generator_speed_rated ) / &
2845	( generator_speed_rated - vs_sysp )
2846	!
2847	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region:
2848	region_25_min = ( region_25_slope - SQRT( region_25_slope * &
2849	( region_25_slope - 4.0_wp * region_2_slope * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2850	( 2.0_wp * region_2_slope )
2851	!
2852	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter:
2853	fcorner = 0.25_wp
2854	!
2855	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent an overspeeding of the rotor:
2856	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2857	torque_gen_old(:) = generator_torque_max
2858	ENDIF
2859
2860	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2861
2862
2863	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2864	! Description:
2865	! ------------
2866	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2867	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2868	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2869
2870
2871	IMPLICIT NONE
2872
2873	INTEGER(iwp):: inot
2874
2875
2876	!
2877	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW
2878	!-- Reference Wind Turbine for offshore system developement"
2879
2880	!
2881	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter for the control of the generator torque:
2882	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * fcorner)
2883	generator_speed_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * generator_speed(inot) + lp_coeff * &
2884	generator_speed_f_old(inot)
2885
2886	IF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_15_min ) THEN
2887	!
2888	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2889	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2890
2891	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_2_min ) THEN
2892	!
2893	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2894	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - region_15_min )
2895
2896	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_25_min ) THEN
2897	!
2898	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator speed to keep the
2899	!-- TSR optimal:
2900	torque_gen(inot) = region_2_slope * generator_speed_f(inot) * generator_speed_f(inot)
2901
2902	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) < generator_speed_rated ) THEN
2903	!
2904	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2905	torque_gen(inot) = region_25_slope * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2906
2907	ELSE
2908	!
2909	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to keep the power
2910	!-- constant:
2911	torque_gen(inot) = generator_power_rated / generator_speed_f(inot)
2912
2913	ENDIF
2914	!
2915	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max:
2916	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2917	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * generator_torque_rate_max ), generator_torque_rate_max )
2918	!
2919	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque:
2920	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2921	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), generator_torque_max )
2922	!
2923	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep:
2924	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
2925
2926
2927	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2928
2929
2930	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2931	! Description:
2932	! ------------
2933	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the flow components
2934	!> (tendency terms)
2935	!> Call for all grid points
2936	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2937	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2938
2939
2940	CHARACTER(LEN=*) :: location !<
2941
2942	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2943	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2944	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2945
2946
2947	SELECT CASE ( location )
2948
2949	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2950
2951	CALL wtm_forces
2952
2953	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2954	!
2955
2956	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2957	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2958	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2959	DO j = nysg, nyng
2960	DO k = nzb + 1, MAXVAL( k_hub ) + MAXVAL( k_smear )
2961	!
2962	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower:
2963	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2964	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2965	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) - tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) * &
2966	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2967	ENDDO
2968	ENDDO
2969	ENDDO
2970	ENDIF
2971
2972	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2973	!
2974	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2975	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2976	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2977	DO j = nysg, nyng
2978	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2979	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2980	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2981	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) - tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) * &
2982	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2983	ENDDO
2984	ENDDO
2985	ENDDO
2986	ENDIF
2987
2988	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2989	!
2990	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2991	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2992	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2993	DO j = nysg, nyng
2994	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2995	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) * &
2996	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2997	ENDDO
2998	ENDDO
2999	ENDDO
3000	ENDIF
3001
3002
3003	CASE DEFAULT
3004	CONTINUE
3005
3006	END SELECT
3007
3008
3009	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3010
3011
3012	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3013	! Description:
3014	! ------------
3015	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the flow components
3016	!> (tendency terms)
3017	!> Call for grid point i,j
3018	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3019	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3020
3021
3022	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3023
3024	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3025	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3026	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3027
3028	SELECT CASE ( location )
3029
3030	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3031
3032	CALL wtm_forces
3033
3034	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3035	!
3036	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3037	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3038	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3039	!
3040	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower:
3041	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3042	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3043	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) - tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) * &
3044	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3045	ENDDO
3046	ENDIF
3047
3048	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3049	!
3050	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3051	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3052	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3053	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3054	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3055	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) - tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) * &
3056	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3057	ENDDO
3058	ENDIF
3059
3060	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3061	!
3062	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3063	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3064	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3065	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) * &
3066	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3067	ENDDO
3068	ENDIF
3069
3070
3071	CASE DEFAULT
3072	CONTINUE
3073
3074	END SELECT
3075
3076
3077	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3078
3079
3080	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3081
3082
3083	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3084	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3085
3086	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3087
3088	!
3089	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates:
3090	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3091	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3092	output_values_1d_target = hub_x(1:n_turbines)
3093	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3094	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3095	'x', &
3096	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3097	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3098	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3099
3100	output_values_1d_target = hub_y(1:n_turbines)
3101	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3102	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3103	'y', &
3104	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3105	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3106	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3107
3108	output_values_1d_target = hub_z(1:n_turbines)
3109	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3110	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3111	'z', &
3112	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3113	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3114	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3115
3116	output_values_1d_target = rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) * 2.0_wp
3117	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3118	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3119	'rotor_diameter', &
3120	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3121	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3122	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3123
3124	output_values_1d_target = tower_diameter(1:n_turbines)
3125	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3126	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3127	'tower_diameter', &
3128	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3129	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3130	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3131
3132	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3133	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3134	ENDIF
3135
3136	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3137
3138	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3139	output_values_1d_target = rotor_speed(:)
3140	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3141
3142	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3143	'rotor_speed', &
3144	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3145	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3146	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3147
3148	output_values_1d_target = generator_speed(:)
3149	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3150	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3151	'generator_speed', &
3152	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3153	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3154	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3155
3156	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3157	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3158
3159	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3160	'generator_torque', &
3161	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3162	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3163	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3164
3165	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3166	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3167
3168	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3169	'rotor_torque', &
3170	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3171	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3172	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3173
3174	output_values_1d_target = pitch_angle(:)
3175	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3176
3177	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3178	'pitch_angle', &
3179	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3180	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3181	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3182
3183	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:) * generator_speed(:) * generator_efficiency
3184	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3185
3186	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3187	'generator_power', &
3188	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3189	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3190	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3191
3192	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
3193	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot) * rotor_speed(inot) * air_density
3194	ENDDO
3195	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3196
3197	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3198	'rotor_power', &
3199	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3200	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3201	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3202
3203	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3204	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3205
3206	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3207	'rotor_thrust', &
3208	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3209	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3210	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3211
3212	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3213	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3214
3215	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3216	'wind_direction', &
3217	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3218	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3219	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3220
3221	output_values_1d_target = (yaw_angle(:)) * 180.0_wp / pi
3222	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3223
3224	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3225	'yaw_angle', &
3226	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3227	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3228	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3229
3230	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3231	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3232
3233	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3234	'time', &
3235	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3236	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3237	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3238
3239	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3240
3241	ENDIF
3242
3243	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3244
3245	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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