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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4468

Last change on this file since 4468 was 4467, checked in by maronga, 5 years ago
cleanup for last wind turbine model commit
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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANYr
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4467 2020-03-20 16:57:57Z suehring $
28	! ASCII output cleanup
29	!
30	! 4465 2020-03-20 11:35:48Z maronga
31	! Removed old ASCII outputm, some syntax layout adjustments, added output for
32	! rotor and tower diameters. Added warning message in case of NetCDF 3 (no
33	! WTM output file will be produced).
34	!
35	! 4460 2020-03-12 16:47:30Z oliver.maas
36	! allow for simulating up to 10 000 wind turbines
37	!
38	! 4459 2020-03-12 09:35:23Z oliver.maas
39	! avoid division by zero in tip loss correction factor calculation
40	!
41	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
42	! use statement for exchange horiz added
43	!
44	! 4447 2020-03-06 11:05:30Z oliver.maas
45	! renamed wind_turbine_parameters namelist variables
46	!
47	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
48	! Bugfix: shifted netcdf preprocessor directive to correct position
49	!
50	! 4436 2020-03-03 12:47:02Z oliver.maas
51	! added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
52	!
53	! 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z oliver.maas
54	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number
55	! of time steps has to be given for wtm_data_output
56	!
57	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
58	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
59	!
60	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
61	! Added output control for wind turbine model
62	!
63	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
64	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
65	!
66	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
67	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
68	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
69	!
70	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
71	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
72	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
73	!
74	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
75	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
76	! greater than dlen
77	!
78	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
79	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
80	!
81	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
82	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
83	! torque and power values
84	!
85	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
86	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
87	!
88	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
89	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
90	!
91	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
92	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
93	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
94	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
95	!
96	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
97	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
98	! of additional debug messages
99	!
100	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
101	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
102	!
103	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
104	! instrumented with openmp directives
105	!
106	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
107	! unused variables removed
108	!
109	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
110	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
111	!
112	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
113	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
114	!
115	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
116	! Initial revision
117	!
118	!
119	! Description:
120	! ------------
121	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
122	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
123	!> (ADM-R).
124	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
125	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
126	!> yaw.
127	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
128	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
129	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
130	!> automatically).
131	!>
132	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
133	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
134	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
135	!> @todo Generate header information
136	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
137	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
138	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
139	!> @todo Include additional output variables
140	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
141	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
142	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
143	!
144	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
145	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
146
147	USE arrays_3d, &
148	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
149
150	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
151	ONLY: pi
152
153	USE control_parameters, &
154	ONLY: coupling_char, &
155	debug_output, &
156	dt_3d, dz, end_time, message_string, time_since_reference_point,&
157	wind_turbine, initializing_actions, origin_date_time
158
159	USE cpulog, &
160	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
161
162	USE data_output_module
163
164	USE grid_variables, &
165	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
166
167	USE indices, &
168	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
169	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
170
171	USE kinds
172
173	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
174	ONLY: check_existence, &
175	close_input_file, &
176	get_variable, &
177	input_pids_wtm, &
178	inquire_num_variables, &
179	inquire_variable_names, &
180	input_file_wtm, &
181	num_var_pids, &
182	open_read_file, &
183	pids_id, &
184	vars_pids
185
186	USE pegrid
187
188
189	IMPLICIT NONE
190
191	PRIVATE
192
193	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: n_turbines_max = 10000 !< maximum number of turbines (for array allocation)
194
195	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
196	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename
197
198	!
199	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
200
201	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_airfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
202	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_turbines = 1 !< number of turbines
203
204
205	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
206	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
207	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
208	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
209
210	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
211	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
212	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
213	LOGICAL :: tip_loss_correction = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
214
215	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE.
216
217	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
218	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
219
220
221	REAL(wp) :: segment_length_tangential = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
222	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
223	REAL(wp) :: segment_width_radial = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
224	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
225	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
226	REAL(wp) :: tilt_angle = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt_angle of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
227
228
229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_diameter = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max), TARGET :: rotor_speed = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
231	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: yaw_angle = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
232	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_x = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_y = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_z = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_radius = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: rotor_radius = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
238	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_cd = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
239	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_cd = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
240
241	!
242	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
243	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
244
245	REAL(wp) :: generator_power_rated = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
246	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
247	REAL(wp) :: rotor_inertia = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
248	REAL(wp) :: generator_inertia = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
249	REAL(wp) :: generator_efficiency = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
250	REAL(wp) :: gear_efficiency = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
251	REAL(wp) :: air_density = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
252	REAL(wp) :: generator_speed_rated = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
253	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_max = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
254	REAL(wp) :: region_2_slope = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
255	REAL(wp) :: region_2_min = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
256	REAL(wp) :: region_15_min = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
257	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_rate_max = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
258	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
259
260
261	!
262	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
263
264	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
265	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_max = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
266	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_min = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
267
268
269	!
270	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
271
272	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
273	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
274	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
275	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
276	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
277
278	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
279
280	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
282	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
283	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
284	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
285	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
286	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
287	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
288
289	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
290
291	!
292	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
293	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
294	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
295	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
296	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
297	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
298	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
299
300	!
301	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
306
307	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
308	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
309
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
312
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
315
316	!
317	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
318
319	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
320	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
321	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
322	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
323	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
324	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
325	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
326	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
327	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
328	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
329	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
330	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
331	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
332	!
333	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
334	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
335	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
336	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
337	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
338	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
339
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
349
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
352
353	!
354	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
361
362	!
363	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
367
368	!
369	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
373
374	!
375	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
379
380	!
381	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
385	!
386	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
388
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
398
399	!
400	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
401
402	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
403
404	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
405	REAL(wp) :: region_25_min !< min region 2.5
406	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
407	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
408	REAL(wp) :: region_25_slope !< slope in region 2.5
409	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
410	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
411	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
412
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(n_turbines_max) :: rotor_speed_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
414
415	!
416	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
417
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yaw_angle_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
420	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
428	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
429	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
430	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
431
432	!
433	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
435	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
436	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
437	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
439	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
441
442
443	SAVE
444
445
446	INTERFACE wtm_parin
447	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
448	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
449
450	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
451	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
452	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
453
454	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
455	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
456	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
457
458	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
459	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
460	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
461
462	INTERFACE wtm_init
463	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
464	END INTERFACE wtm_init
465
466	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
467	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
468	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
469
470	INTERFACE wtm_actions
471	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
472	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
473	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
474
475	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
476	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
477	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
478
479	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
480	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
481	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
482
483
484	PUBLIC &
485	dt_data_output_wtm, &
486	time_wtm, &
487	wind_turbine
488
489	PUBLIC &
490	wtm_parin, &
491	wtm_check_parameters, &
492	wtm_data_output, &
493	wtm_init_arrays, &
494	wtm_init_output, &
495	wtm_init, &
496	wtm_actions, &
497	wtm_rrd_global, &
498	wtm_wrd_global
499
500
501	CONTAINS
502
503
504	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
505	! Description:
506	! ------------
507	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
509	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
510
511	IMPLICIT NONE
512
513	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
514
515	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
516	air_density, tower_diameter, dt_data_output_wtm, &
517	gear_efficiency, gear_ratio, generator_efficiency, &
518	generator_inertia, rotor_inertia, yaw_misalignment_max, &
519	generator_torque_max, generator_torque_rate_max, yaw_misalignment_min, &
520	region_15_min, region_2_min, n_airfoils, n_turbines, &
521	rotor_speed, yaw_angle, pitch_angle, pitch_control, &
522	generator_speed_rated, generator_power_rated, hub_x, hub_y, hub_z,&
523	nacelle_radius, rotor_radius, segment_length_tangential, segment_width_radial, &
524	region_2_slope, speed_control, tilt_angle, time_turbine_on, &
525	tower_cd, pitch_rate, &
526	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tip_loss_correction
527	! , nacelle_cd
528
529	!
530	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
531	REWIND ( 11 )
532	line = ' '
533	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
534	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
535	ENDDO
536	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
537
538	!
539	!-- Read user-defined namelist
540	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
541	!
542	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
543	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
544
545	GOTO 12
546
547	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
548	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
549	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
550
551	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
552
553	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
554
555
556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
557	! Description:
558	! ------------
559	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
560	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
561	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
562
563
564	IMPLICIT NONE
565
566
567	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed' )
568	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed
569
570	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f' )
571	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f
572
573	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
574	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f_old
575
576	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_old' )
577	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_old
578
579	CALL wrd_write_string( 'rotor_speed' )
580	WRITE ( 14 ) rotor_speed
581
582	CALL wrd_write_string( 'yaw_angle' )
583	WRITE ( 14 ) yaw_angle
584
585	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle' )
586	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle
587
588	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle_old' )
589	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle_old
590
591	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
592	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
593
594	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
595	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
596
597
598	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
599
600
601	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
602	! Description:
603	! ------------
604	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
605	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
606	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
607
608
609	USE control_parameters, &
610	ONLY: length, restart_string
611
612
613	IMPLICIT NONE
614
615	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
616
617
618	found = .TRUE.
619
620
621	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
622
623	CASE ( 'generator_speed' )
624	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed
625	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f' )
626	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f
627	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
628	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f_old
629	CASE ( 'generator_speed_old' )
630	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_old
631	CASE ( 'rotor_speed' )
632	READ ( 13 ) rotor_speed
633	CASE ( 'yaw_angle' )
634	READ ( 13 ) yaw_angle
635	CASE ( 'pitch_angle' )
636	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle
637	CASE ( 'pitch_angle_old' )
638	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle_old
639	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
640	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
641	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
642	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
643
644	CASE DEFAULT
645
646	found = .FALSE.
647
648	END SELECT
649
650
651	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
652
653
654	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
655	! Description:
656	! ------------
657	!> Check namelist parameter
658	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
659	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
660
661	IMPLICIT NONE
662
663	IF ( .NOT. input_pids_wtm ) THEN
664	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
665	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
666	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
667	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
668	ENDIF
669
670	IF ( ANY( rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
671	message_string = 'rotor_speed < 0.0, Please set rotor_speed to ' // &
672	'a value equal or larger than zero'
673	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
674	ENDIF
675
676
677	IF ( ANY( hub_x(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
678	ANY( hub_y(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
679	ANY( hub_z(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
680
681	message_string = 'hub_x, hub_y, hub_z ' // &
682	'have to be given for each turbine.'
683	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
684	ENDIF
685	ENDIF
686
687	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
688	!
689
690	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
691	! Description:
692	! ------------
693	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
694	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
695	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
696
697	IMPLICIT NONE
698
699	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
700	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
701
702	#if defined( __netcdf )
703	!
704	! Read wtm input file (netcdf) if it exists
705	IF ( input_pids_wtm ) THEN
706
707	!
708	!-- Open the wtm input file
709	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_wtm ) // &
710	TRIM( coupling_char ), pids_id )
711
712	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
713
714	!
715	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
716	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
717	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
718
719	!
720	!-- Input of all wtm parameters
721	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_diameter' ) ) THEN
722	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_diameter', tower_diameter(1:n_turbines))
723	ENDIF
724
725	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_speed' ) ) THEN
726	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed(1:n_turbines))
727	ENDIF
728
729	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'pitch_angle' ) ) THEN
730	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle(1:n_turbines))
731	ENDIF
732
733	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'yaw_angle' ) ) THEN
734	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle(1:n_turbines))
735	ENDIF
736
737	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_x' ) ) THEN
738	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_x', hub_x(1:n_turbines))
739	ENDIF
740
741	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_y' ) ) THEN
742	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_y', hub_y(1:n_turbines))
743	ENDIF
744
745	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_z' ) ) THEN
746	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_z', hub_z(1:n_turbines))
747	ENDIF
748
749	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_radius' ) ) THEN
750	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_radius', nacelle_radius(1:n_turbines))
751	ENDIF
752
753	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_radius' ) ) THEN
754	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_radius', rotor_radius(1:n_turbines))
755	ENDIF
756	!
757	! IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_cd' ) ) THEN
758	! CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_cd', nacelle_cd(1:n_turbines))
759	! ENDIF
760
761	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_cd' ) ) THEN
762	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_cd', tower_cd(1:n_turbines))
763	ENDIF
764	!
765	!-- Close wtm input file
766	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
767
768	ENDIF
769	#endif
770
771	!
772	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
773	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
774
775	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:n_turbines) )
776	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:n_turbines) )
777
778	nrings(:) = 0
779	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
780
781	!
782	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
783	delta_r_factor = segment_width_radial
784	delta_t_factor = segment_length_tangential
785	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
786
787	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
788	!
789	!-- Determine number of rings:
790	nrings(inot) = NINT( rotor_radius(inot) / delta_r_init )
791
792	delta_r(inot) = rotor_radius(inot) / nrings(inot)
793
794	ENDDO
795
796	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
797
798	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:n_turbines) )
799	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:n_turbines) )
800
801	nsegs(:,:) = 0
802	nsegs_total(:) = 0
803
804
805	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
806	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
807	!
808	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
809	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
810	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
811	delta_t_factor ) )
812	ENDDO
813	!
814	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
815	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
816
817	ENDDO
818
819	!
820	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
821	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
822
823	!!
824	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
825	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
826	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
827	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
828	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
829	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
830	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
831	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
832	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
833	! ENDIF
834
835
836	!
837	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
838	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:n_turbines) )
839	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:n_turbines) )
840	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:n_turbines) )
841	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:n_turbines) )
842	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:n_turbines) )
843	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:n_turbines) )
844	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:n_turbines) )
845	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:n_turbines) )
846
847	!
848	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
849	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:n_turbines) )
850	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:n_turbines) )
851	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:n_turbines) )
852	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:n_turbines) )
853	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:n_turbines) )
854	ALLOCATE( yaw_angle_l(1:n_turbines) )
855
856	!
857	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
858	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
859	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
860	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
861	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
862	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
863	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
864	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
865	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
866	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
867	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
868
869	!
870	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
871	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
872	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
873	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
874	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
875	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
876	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
877
878	!
879	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
880	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
881	ALLOCATE( roty(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
882	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
883
884	!
885	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
886	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
887	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
888	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
889	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
890	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
891	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
892	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
893	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
894
895	!
896	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
897	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
898	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
899	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
900	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
901	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
902	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
903
904	!
905	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
906	i_hub(:) = 0
907	i_smear(:) = 0
908	j_hub(:) = 0
909	j_smear(:) = 0
910	k_hub(:) = 0
911	k_smear(:) = 0
912
913	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
914	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
915
916	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
917	generator_speed(:) = 0.0_wp
918	generator_speed_old(:) = 0.0_wp
919	generator_speed_f(:) = 0.0_wp
920	generator_speed_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
921	pitch_angle_old(:) = 0.0_wp
922	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
923	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
924	ENDIF
925
926	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
927	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
928	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
929	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
930	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
931	yaw_angle_l(:) = 0.0_wp
932
933	!
934	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
935	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
936	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
937	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
938	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
939	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
940	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
941	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
942	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
943	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
944	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
945
946	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
947	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
948	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
949	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
950	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
951	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
952
953	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
954	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
955	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
956
957	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
958	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
959	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
960	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
961	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
962	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
963	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
964	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
965
966	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
967	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
968	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
969	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
970	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
971	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
972
973
974	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
975
976
977	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
978	! Description:
979	! ------------
980	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
981	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
982	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
983
984
985	USE control_parameters, &
986	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
987
988	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
989	ONLY: exchange_horiz
990
991	IMPLICIT NONE
992
993
994
995	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
996	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
997	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
998
999
1000	!
1001	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
1002	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
1003
1004	!
1005	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
1006	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
1007	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
1008
1009	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
1010
1011	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
1012	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
1013	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
1014	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
1015
1016	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
1017
1018	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:n_turbines) )
1019	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:n_turbines) )
1020	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:n_turbines) )
1021	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:n_turbines) )
1022
1023	!
1024	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1025	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1026	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1027	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1028	!
1029	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1030	!-- be calculated:
1031
1032	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1033	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1034	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1035	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1036	!
1037	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1038	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1039	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1040	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1041	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1042	!
1043	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1044	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1045	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1046	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1047	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) + &
1048	MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + &
1049	eps_min) THEN
1050	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1051	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1052	'greater than ',MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) &
1053	+ MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + eps_min
1054	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1055	ENDIF
1056	!
1057	!-- Square of eps_min:
1058	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1059	!
1060	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1061	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1062	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1063	!
1064	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1065	!-- function:
1066	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1067
1068	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1069	tilt_angle = tilt_angle * pi / 180.0_wp
1070
1071	!
1072	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1073	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1074	yaw_angle(:) = yaw_angle(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1075	ENDIF
1076
1077
1078	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1079	!
1080	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1081	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1082
1083	!
1084	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1085	i_hub(inot) = INT( hub_x(inot) / dx )
1086	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1087	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1088
1089	!
1090	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1091	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1092	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1093	!-- function of eps_min:
1094	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1095	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1096	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1097
1098	ENDDO
1099
1100	!
1101	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1102	!-- rotor_speed for the respective processor.
1103	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1104
1105	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1106
1107	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1108
1109	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1110
1111	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1112	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1113	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1114	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1115	ENDIF
1116
1117	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1118	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1119	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1120	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1121	ENDIF
1122
1123	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1124	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1125	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1126	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1127	ENDIF
1128
1129	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1130	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1131	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1132	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1133	ENDIF
1134
1135	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1136	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1137
1138	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
1139
1140	ENDIF
1141	ENDIF
1142
1143	END DO
1144
1145	ENDIF
1146
1147	ENDIF
1148
1149	!
1150	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1151	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1152	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1153	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1154	!
1155	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1156	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1157
1158	!
1159	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1160	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1161	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1162
1163	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1164
1165	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1166
1167
1168	DO inot = 1, n_turbines ! loop over number of turbines
1169	!
1170	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1171	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1172	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1173	i = i_hub(inot)
1174
1175	!
1176	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1177	!-- grid point indices):
1178	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1179	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1180	!
1181	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1182	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1183	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1184	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1185	!-- in grid box 1.
1186	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1187	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1188
1189	!
1190	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1191	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1192	tower_n = ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1193	tower_s = ( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1194
1195	!
1196	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1197	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1198	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1199
1200	DO j = nys, nyn
1201	!
1202	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1203	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1204
1205	DO k = nzb, nzt
1206
1207	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1208	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1209	!
1210	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1211	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1212	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1213	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1214	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1215	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1216	tower_cd(inot)
1217	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1218	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1219	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1220	( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1221	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1222	tower_cd(inot)
1223	!
1224	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1225	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1226	ELSE
1227	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1228	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1229	dy * tower_cd(inot)
1230	ENDIF
1231	!
1232	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1233	ELSE
1234	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1235	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1236	tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1237	ENDIF
1238	!
1239	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1240	!-- are carried out:
1241	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1242
1243	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1244	!
1245	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1246	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1247	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1248	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1249	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) &
1250	) * tower_cd(inot)
1251	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1252	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1253	( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1254	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1255	) * tower_cd(inot)
1256	!
1257	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1258	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1259	ELSE
1260	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1261	tower_cd(inot)
1262	ENDIF
1263	!
1264	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1265	ELSE
1266	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * tower_diameter(inot) * &
1267	tower_cd(inot)
1268	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1269
1270	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1271
1272	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1273
1274	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1275
1276	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1277
1278	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1279
1280
1281	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1282
1283	!
1284	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1285	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1286	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1287	!!
1288	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1289	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1290	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1291	!
1292	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1293	!
1294	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1295	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1296	! sqrt_arg = nacelle_radius(inot)2 - ( yvalue - hub_y(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1297	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1298	!!
1299	!!-- bottom intersection point
1300	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1301	!!
1302	!!-- top intersection point
1303	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1304	! ELSE
1305	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1306	! ENDIF
1307	! ENDDO
1308	!
1309	!
1310	! DO j = nys, nyn
1311	!!
1312	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1313	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1314	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1315	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1316	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1317	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1318	!!
1319	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1320	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1321	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1322	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1323	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1324	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1325	!!
1326	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1327	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1328	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1329	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1330	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1331	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1332	! dz_int = dz
1333	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1334	!!
1335	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1336	!!-- within the current grid box:
1337	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1338	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1339	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1340	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1341	! ENDIF
1342	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1343	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1344	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1345	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1346	! ENDIF
1347	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1348	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1349	! ENDIF
1350	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1351	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1352	! ENDIF
1353	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1354	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1355	! dy_int * dz_int * nacelle_cd(inot)
1356	! ENDIF
1357	! ENDDO
1358	! ENDIF
1359	! ENDDO
1360	! ENDIF
1361	!
1362	! ENDDO
1363	!
1364	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1365
1366	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1367
1368	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1369	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1370
1371	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1372
1373	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1374
1375	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1376
1377
1378
1379	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1380
1381
1382	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1383	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1384	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1385
1386	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1387
1388	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1389
1390
1391	!
1392	!-- Create NetCDF output file
1393	#if defined( __netcdf4 )
1394	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1395	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1396	#else
1397	message_string = 'Wind turbine model output requires NetCDF version 4. ' //&
1398	'No output file will be created.'
1399	CALL message( 'wtm_init_output', 'PA0672', &
1400	0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1401	#endif
1402	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1403	!
1404	!-- Define dimensions in output file
1405	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:n_turbines) )
1406	DO n = 1, n_turbines
1407	ndim(n) = n
1408	ENDDO
1409	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1410	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1411	output_type = 'int32', &
1412	bounds = (/1_iwp, n_turbines/), &
1413	values_int32 = ndim )
1414	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1415
1416	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1417	dimension_name = 'time', &
1418	output_type = 'real32', &
1419	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
1420	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1421
1422	variable_name = 'x'
1423	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1424	variable_name = variable_name, &
1425	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1426	output_type = 'real32' )
1427
1428	variable_name = 'y'
1429	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1430	variable_name = variable_name, &
1431	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1432	output_type = 'real32' )
1433
1434	variable_name = 'z'
1435	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1436	variable_name = variable_name, &
1437	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1438	output_type = 'real32' )
1439
1440
1441	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter'
1442	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1443	variable_name = variable_name, &
1444	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1445	output_type = 'real32' )
1446
1447	variable_name = 'tower_diameter'
1448	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1449	variable_name = variable_name, &
1450	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1451	output_type = 'real32' )
1452
1453	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1454	variable_name = 'time', &
1455	attribute_name = 'units', &
1456	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1457
1458	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1459	variable_name = 'x', &
1460	attribute_name = 'units', &
1461	value = 'm' )
1462
1463	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1464	variable_name = 'y', &
1465	attribute_name = 'units', &
1466	value = 'm' )
1467
1468	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1469	variable_name = 'z', &
1470	attribute_name = 'units', &
1471	value = 'm' )
1472
1473	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1474	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1475	attribute_name = 'units', &
1476	value = 'm' )
1477
1478	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1479	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1480	attribute_name = 'units', &
1481	value = 'm' )
1482
1483	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1484	variable_name = 'x', &
1485	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1486	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1487
1488	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1489	variable_name = 'y', &
1490	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1491	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1492
1493	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1494	variable_name = 'z', &
1495	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1496	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1497
1498	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1499	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1500	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1501	value = 'turbine name')
1502
1503	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1504	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1505	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1506	value = 'rotor diameter')
1507
1508	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1509	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1510	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1511	value = 'tower diameter')
1512
1513	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1514	variable_name = 'time', &
1515	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1516	value = 'time')
1517
1518	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1519	variable_name = 'time', &
1520	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1521	value = 'T')
1522
1523	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1524	variable_name = 'x', &
1525	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1526	value = 'X' )
1527
1528	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1529	variable_name = 'y', &
1530	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1531	value = 'Y' )
1532
1533
1534	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1535	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1536	variable_name = variable_name, &
1537	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1538	output_type = 'real32' )
1539
1540	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1541	variable_name = variable_name, &
1542	attribute_name = 'units', &
1543	value = 'W' )
1544
1545	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1546	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1547	variable_name = variable_name, &
1548	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1549	output_type = 'real32' )
1550
1551	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1552	variable_name = variable_name, &
1553	attribute_name = 'units', &
1554	value = 'rad/s' )
1555
1556	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1557	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1558	variable_name = variable_name, &
1559	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1560	output_type = 'real32' )
1561
1562	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1563	variable_name = variable_name, &
1564	attribute_name = 'units', &
1565	value = 'Nm' )
1566
1567	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1568	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1569	variable_name = variable_name, &
1570	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1571	output_type = 'real32' )
1572
1573	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1574	variable_name = variable_name, &
1575	attribute_name = 'units', &
1576	value = 'degrees' )
1577
1578	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1579	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1580	variable_name = variable_name, &
1581	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1582	output_type = 'real32' )
1583
1584	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1585	variable_name = variable_name, &
1586	attribute_name = 'units', &
1587	value = 'W' )
1588
1589	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1590	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1591	variable_name = variable_name, &
1592	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1593	output_type = 'real32' )
1594
1595	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1596	variable_name = variable_name, &
1597	attribute_name = 'units', &
1598	value = 'rad/s' )
1599
1600	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1601	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1602	variable_name = variable_name, &
1603	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1604	output_type = 'real32' )
1605
1606	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1607	variable_name = variable_name, &
1608	attribute_name = 'units', &
1609	value = 'N' )
1610
1611	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1612	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1613	variable_name = variable_name, &
1614	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1615	output_type = 'real32' )
1616
1617	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1618	variable_name = variable_name, &
1619	attribute_name = 'units', &
1620	value = 'Nm' )
1621
1622	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1623	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1624	variable_name = variable_name, &
1625	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1626	output_type = 'real32' )
1627
1628	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1629	variable_name = variable_name, &
1630	attribute_name = 'units', &
1631	value = 'degrees' )
1632
1633	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1634	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1635	variable_name = variable_name, &
1636	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1637	output_type = 'real32' )
1638
1639	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1640	variable_name = variable_name, &
1641	attribute_name = 'units', &
1642	value = 'degrees' )
1643
1644	ENDIF
1645	END SUBROUTINE
1646
1647	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1648	! Description:
1649	! ------------
1650	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1651	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1652	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1653	!
1654	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1655
1656
1657	IMPLICIT NONE
1658
1659	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1660	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1661
1662	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1663
1664	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1665
1666	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1667	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1668	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1669	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1670	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1671	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1672	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1673	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1674	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1675	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1676
1677	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1678	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1679	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1680
1681	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1682	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1683
1684	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1685	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1686	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1687	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1688	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1689
1690	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1691	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1692	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1693	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1694	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1695
1696	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*n_airfoils+1) )
1697
1698	!
1699	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1700	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1701
1702	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1703
1704	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1705	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1706	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1707	ENDIF
1708	!
1709	!-- Read distribution table:
1710
1711	dlen = 0
1712
1713	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1714
1715	rloop3: DO
1716	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1717	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1718	dlen = dlen + 1
1719	ENDDO rloop3
1720
1721	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1722
1723	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1724	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1725	ENDDO
1726
1727	DO jj = 1,dlen
1728	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1729	ENDDO
1730
1731	!
1732	!-- Read layout table:
1733
1734	dlen = 0
1735
1736	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1737
1738	rloop1: DO
1739	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1740	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1741	dlen = dlen + 1
1742	ENDDO rloop1
1743
1744	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1745	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1746	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1747	ENDDO
1748	DO jj = 1, dlen
1749	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1750	ENDDO
1751
1752	!
1753	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1754
1755	dlen = 0
1756
1757	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1758
1759	rloop2: DO
1760	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1761	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1762	dlen = dlen + 1
1763	ENDDO rloop2
1764
1765	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils), &
1766	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils) )
1767
1768	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1769	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1770	ENDDO
1771
1772	DO jj = 1,dlen
1773	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1774	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1775	DO ii= 1, n_airfoils
1776	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1777	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1778	ENDDO
1779
1780	ENDDO
1781
1782	dlenbl = dlen
1783
1784	CLOSE ( 90 )
1785
1786	!
1787	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rotor_radius(1)=63m)
1788	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1789	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1790	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1791	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1792
1793	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1794	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1795	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1796	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1797
1798	radres = INT( rotor_radius(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1799	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1800
1801	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1802	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1803
1804	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1805
1806	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1807	!
1808	!-- Find position in table 1
1809	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1810	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1811
1812	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1813	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1814	ENDIF
1815
1816	trow = lct(1)
1817	!
1818	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1819	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1820	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1821	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1822	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1823
1824	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1825	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1826	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1827	ENDIF
1828
1829	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1830	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1831	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1832	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1833	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1834
1835	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1836	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1837	! explicitly
1838	ELSE
1839	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1840	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1841	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1842	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1843	!
1844	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1845	!-- explicitly
1846	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1847	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1848	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1849	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1850	ENDIF
1851
1852	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1853
1854	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1855	ialpha = 1
1856
1857	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
1858	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1859	ENDDO
1860
1861	!
1862	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1863	!-- segments and angles of attack
1864
1865	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1866	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1867	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1868	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1869	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1870	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1871	( alpha_attack_i - &
1872	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1873	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1874	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1875	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1876	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1877	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1878	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1879	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1880	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1881	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1882	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1883	( alpha_attack_i - &
1884	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1885	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1886	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1887	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1888	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1889
1890	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1891
1892	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1893
1894
1895	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1896
1897
1898	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1899	! Description:
1900	! ------------
1901	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1902	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1903	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1904	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1905
1906
1907	IMPLICIT NONE
1908
1909	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1910	!
1911	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1912	!-- the rotors
1913	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1914	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1915	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1916
1917	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1918	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1919	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1920
1921	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1922	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1923	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1924
1925	!
1926	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1927	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1928
1929	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1930	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1931	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1932	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1933	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1934	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1935	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1936	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1937	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1938	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1939	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1940	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1941	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1942	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1943	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1944	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1945	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1946	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1947	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1948	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1949	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1950	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1951	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1952	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1953
1954	!
1955	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1956	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1957	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1958	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1959	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1960
1961	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1962
1963
1964	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1965	! Description:
1966	! ------------
1967	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1968	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1969	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1970
1971
1972	IMPLICIT NONE
1973
1974
1975	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1976	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1977	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1978	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1979	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1980	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1981
1982	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1983	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1984	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1985
1986	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1987	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1988
1989	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1990
1991
1992	!
1993	! Variables for pitch control
1994	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1995
1996	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1997	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1998
1999	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
2000
2001
2002	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
2003
2004
2005	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2006
2007	!
2008	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
2009	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2010	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2011	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2012	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
2013	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2014	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2015	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2016	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
2017	!
2018	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2019	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2020
2021	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2022	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2023	!
2024	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2025
2026	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
2027	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
2028	!$OMP DO
2029	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2030
2031	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
2032	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
2033	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
2034	!
2035	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2036	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2037
2038	!
2039	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2040	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2041	!
2042	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2043	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
2044	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2045	!
2046	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2047	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2048	!-- with y-axis):
2049	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2050	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2051	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2052
2053	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2054	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2055	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2056	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2057	re(3) = sin_rot
2058
2059	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2060	!
2061	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2062	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2063	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2064	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2065
2066	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2067	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
2068	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
2069	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
2070	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2071
2072	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2073	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2074
2075	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2076	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2077
2078	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2079	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2080
2081	!
2082	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
2083
2084	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
2085	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2086	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2087	!
2088	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2089	!-- the current PE:
2090	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2091	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2092
2093	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2094	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2095	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2096	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2097	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2098	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2099	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2100	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2101	gg = dx * dy
2102
2103	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
2104	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2105	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2106	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2107	) / gg
2108
2109	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2110	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2111	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2112	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2113	) / gg
2114
2115	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
2116	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2117	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
2118
2119	ELSE
2120	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2121	ENDIF
2122	ELSE
2123	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2124	ENDIF
2125
2126
2127	!
2128	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2129	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2130	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2131	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2132	!
2133	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2134	!-- the current PE:
2135	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2136	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2137
2138	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2139	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2140	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2141	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2142	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2143	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2144	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2145	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2146	gg = dx * dy
2147
2148	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
2149	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2150	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2151	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2152	) / gg
2153
2154	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2155	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2156	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2157	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2158	) / gg
2159
2160	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
2161	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2162	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2163
2164	ELSE
2165	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2166	ENDIF
2167	ELSE
2168	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2169	ENDIF
2170
2171
2172	!
2173	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2174	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2175	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2176	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2177	!
2178	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2179	!-- the current PE:
2180	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2181	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2182
2183	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2184	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2185	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2186	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2187	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2188	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2189	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2190	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2191	gg = dx * dy
2192
2193	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
2194	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2195	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2196	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2197	) / gg
2198
2199	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2200	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2201	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2202	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2203	) / gg
2204
2205	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
2206	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2207	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2208	ELSE
2209	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2210	ENDIF
2211	ELSE
2212	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2213	ENDIF
2214
2215	ENDDO
2216	ENDDO
2217	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2218
2219	ENDDO
2220
2221	!
2222	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2223	#if defined( __parallel )
2224	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2225	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2226	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2227	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2228	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2229	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2230	#else
2231	u_int = u_int_1_l
2232	v_int = v_int_1_l
2233	w_int = w_int_1_l
2234	#endif
2235
2236
2237	!
2238	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2239
2240	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2241	pit_loop: DO
2242
2243	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2244	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2245	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2246	pitch_angle(inot) = pitch_angle(inot) + 0.25_wp
2247	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_angle(inot)
2248	ELSE
2249	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2250	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2251	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2252	pitch_angle(inot) = MAX(pitch_angle_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
2253	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2254	ENDIF
2255	ENDIF
2256
2257	!
2258	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2259	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2260	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2261	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2262	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2263	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2264	!$OMP DO
2265	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2266	!
2267	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2268	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2269	!
2270	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2271	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2272	!
2273	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2274	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2275	!-- with y-axis):
2276	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2277	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
2278	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
2279	!
2280	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2281	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2282	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2283	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2284	re(3) = sin_rot
2285
2286	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2287	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2288	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2289	rea(3) = cos_rot
2290
2291	!
2292	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2293	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2294	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2295	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2296	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2297	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2298	!
2299	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2300	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2301	!-- tilt:
2302	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2303	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2304	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2305	!
2306	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2307	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2308
2309	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2310
2311	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2312
2313	!
2314	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2315	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2316	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2317	!
2318	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2319	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2320	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2321	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2322	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2323	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2324	!
2325	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2326	!
2327	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2328	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2329	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2330	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2331	!
2332	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2333	!-- direction:
2334	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2335	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2336	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2337	!
2338	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2339	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2340
2341	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN2( u_rot , &
2342	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2343	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2344
2345	!
2346	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2347	!-- to the current radial position:
2348
2349	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2350	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2351
2352	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2353	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2354	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2355	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2356	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2357	ELSE
2358	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2359	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2360	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2361	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2362	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2363	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2364	ENDIF
2365
2366	!
2367	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2368	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2369	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2370	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2371	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2372	!
2373	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2374	!-- angle of attack:
2375	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2376	!
2377	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2378	!-- to angles given in degree:
2379	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2380	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2381	!
2382	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2383	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_angle(inot)
2384
2385	!
2386	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2387	!-- to the rotor:
2388	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2389	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2390	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2391
2392	!
2393	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2394	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2395	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2396	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2397
2398	!
2399	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2400	!-- the current radial position:
2401
2402	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2403	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2404	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2405	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2406	ELSE
2407	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2408	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2409	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2410	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2411	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2412	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2413	ENDIF
2414
2415	!
2416	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2417	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2418	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2419	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2420	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2421	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2422	!
2423	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2424	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2425	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2426	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2427	!
2428	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2429	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2430	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2431	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2432
2433	!
2434	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2435	!-- angles given in radian:
2436	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2437	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2438
2439	IF ( tip_loss_correction ) THEN
2440	!
2441	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2442	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2443	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2444	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2445	!--
2446	IF ( phi_rel(rseg) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2447	tl_factor = 1.0_wp
2448	ELSE
2449	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2450	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rotor_radius(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2451	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2452	ENDIF
2453
2454	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2455
2456	ENDIF
2457	!
2458	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2459	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2460	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2461
2462	!
2463	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2464
2465	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2466	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2467
2468	!
2469	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2470	!-- for each ring segment:
2471	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2472	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2473	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2474
2475	!
2476	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2477	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2478	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2479	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2480	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2481	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2482	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2483	!
2484	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2485	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2486	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2487
2488	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2489	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2490
2491	!
2492	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2493	!$OMP CRITICAL
2494	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2495	thrust_seg(rseg)
2496
2497
2498	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2499	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2500
2501	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2502
2503	!
2504	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2505	!-- each ring:
2506	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2507	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2508	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2509
2510
2511	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2512	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2513
2514
2515	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2516
2517
2518	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2519	!
2520	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2521
2522	!
2523	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2524	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2525	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2526	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_density * gear_efficiency - &
2527	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2528	( rotor_inertia + &
2529	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * generator_inertia ) * dt_3d
2530
2531	!
2532	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2533	!-- and rotor speed
2534	generator_speed(inot) = gear_ratio * ( rotor_speed(inot) + om_rate )
2535
2536	ENDIF
2537
2538	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2539
2540	!
2541	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2542	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2543	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2544	!-- gain
2545	IF ( ( generator_speed(inot) > generator_speed_rated ) .AND. &
2546	( pitch_angle(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2547	( pitch_angle(inot) < pitch_angle_old(inot) + &
2548	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2549	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2550	!
2551	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2552	CYCLE pit_loop
2553	ENDIF
2554
2555	!
2556	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2557	pitch_angle_old(inot) = pitch_angle(inot)
2558	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2559	ENDIF
2560	EXIT pit_loop
2561	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2562
2563
2564	!
2565	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2566
2567	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2568	!
2569	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2570	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2571	THEN
2572	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2573	THEN
2574	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2575	ENDIF
2576	ENDIF
2577
2578	ENDIF
2579
2580
2581	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2582
2583	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2584
2585
2586	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2587	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2588	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2589	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2590	!
2591	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2592	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2593	!
2594	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2595	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2596	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2597	!-- consideration
2598	!
2599	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2600	!-- of the model domain:
2601	!
2602	!--
2603	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2604	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2605	eps_min ) / dx )
2606	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2607	eps_min ) / dy )
2608
2609	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2610	!$OMP DO
2611	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2612	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2613	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2614	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2615	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2616	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2617	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2618	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2619	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2620	!
2621	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2622	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2623
2624	!
2625	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2626	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2627	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2628	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2629	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2630	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2631	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2632	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2633	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2634	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2635	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2636
2637	!
2638	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2639	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2640	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2641	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2642	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2643	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2644	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2645	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2646	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2647	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2648	flag
2649	ENDIF
2650	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2651	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2652	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2653	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2654	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2655	flag
2656	ENDIF
2657	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2658	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2659	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2660	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2661	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2662	flag
2663	ENDIF
2664
2665	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2666	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2667
2668	!
2669	!-- Rotation of force components:
2670	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2671	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2672	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2673	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2674	) * flag
2675
2676	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2677	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2678	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2679	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2680	) * flag
2681
2682	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2683	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2684	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2685	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2686	) * flag
2687
2688	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2689	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2690	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2691	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2692
2693	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2694
2695	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2696
2697
2698	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2699	!
2700	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2701	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2702	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2703	WDLON = MAX( 1 , NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 30s running mean array
2704	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:n_turbines,1:WDLON) )
2705	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2706	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2707
2708	WDSHO = MAX( 1 , NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 2s running mean array
2709	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:n_turbines,1:WDSHO) )
2710	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2711	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2712	start_up = .FALSE.
2713	ENDIF
2714
2715	!
2716	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2717	!--
2718	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2719	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2720	!
2721	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2722	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2723	THEN
2724	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2725	THEN
2726
2727	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2728
2729	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2730	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2731	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2732	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2733	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2734
2735	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2736
2737	yaw_angle_l(inot) = yaw_angle(inot)
2738
2739	ENDIF
2740	ENDIF
2741
2742	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2743
2744	!
2745	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2746	#if defined( __parallel )
2747	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2748	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2749	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2750	comm2d, ierr )
2751	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( yaw_angle_l, yaw_angle, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2752	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2753	#else
2754	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2755	wdir = wdir_l
2756	yaw_angle = yaw_angle_l
2757
2758	#endif
2759	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2760	!
2761	!-- Update rotor orientation
2762	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2763
2764	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2765
2766	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2767
2768	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2769	!
2770	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2771	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed, generator_speed_old, n_turbines, &
2772	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2773	#if defined( __parallel )
2774	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, n_turbines, &
2775	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2776	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( rotor_speed_l, rotor_speed, n_turbines, &
2777	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2778	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed_f, generator_speed_f_old, n_turbines, &
2779	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2780	#else
2781	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2782	rotor_speed = rotor_speed_l
2783	generator_speed_f_old = generator_speed_f
2784	#endif
2785
2786	ENDIF
2787
2788	ENDIF
2789
2790	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2791
2792
2793	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2794
2795
2796	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2797	! Description:
2798	! ------------
2799	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2800	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2801	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2802
2803	USE kinds
2804
2805	IMPLICIT NONE
2806
2807	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2808	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2809	REAL(wp) :: missal
2810
2811	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2812
2813	!
2814	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2815	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2816	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2817	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2818	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2819	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2820	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2821	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2822	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2823	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2824	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2825	!
2826	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2827	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2828	!
2829	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2830	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2831	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2832	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2833	!
2834	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2835	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2836
2837	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - yaw_angle(inot)
2838	!
2839	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than yaw_misalignment_max
2840	IF ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_max ) THEN
2841	!
2842	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2843	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2844	!
2845	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2846	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2847	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2848	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2849	ENDIF
2850	ENDIF
2851
2852	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2853
2854	!
2855	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2856	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2857	!-- than yaw_misalignment_min
2858
2859	ELSE
2860	!
2861	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2862	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2863	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2864	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2865	!
2866	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2867	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2868	!
2869	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2870	missal = SUM( wd2_l - yaw_angle(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2871	!
2872	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2873	!-- yaw direction is still right
2874	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_min ) .AND. &
2875	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2876	!
2877	!-- Continue yawing
2878	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2879	ELSE
2880	!
2881	!-- Stop yawing
2882	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2883	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2884	ENDIF
2885	ELSE
2886	!
2887	!-- Continue yawing
2888	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2889	ENDIF
2890
2891	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2892
2893	ENDIF
2894
2895	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2896
2897
2898	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2899	! Description:
2900	! ------------
2901	!> Initialization of the speed control
2902	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2903	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2904
2905
2906	IMPLICIT NONE
2907
2908	!
2909	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2910	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2911	!
2912	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2913	slope15 = ( region_2_slope * region_2_min * region_2_min ) / &
2914	( region_2_min - region_15_min )
2915	!
2916	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2917	vs_sysp = generator_speed_rated / 1.1_wp
2918	!
2919	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2920	region_25_slope = ( generator_power_rated / generator_speed_rated ) / &
2921	( generator_speed_rated - vs_sysp )
2922	!
2923	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2924	region_25_min = ( region_25_slope - SQRT( region_25_slope * &
2925	( region_25_slope - 4.0_wp * region_2_slope * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2926	( 2.0_wp * region_2_slope )
2927	!
2928	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2929	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2930	!
2931	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2932	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2933	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2934	torque_gen_old(:) = generator_torque_max
2935	ENDIF
2936
2937	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2938
2939
2940	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2941	! Description:
2942	! ------------
2943	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2944	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2945	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2946
2947
2948	IMPLICIT NONE
2949
2950	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2951
2952
2953	!
2954	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2955	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2956	!-- offshore system developement"
2957
2958	!
2959	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2960	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2961	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2962	generator_speed_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * generator_speed(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2963	generator_speed_f_old(inot)
2964
2965	IF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_15_min ) THEN
2966	!
2967	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2968	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2969
2970	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_2_min ) THEN
2971	!
2972	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2973	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - region_15_min )
2974
2975	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_25_min ) THEN
2976	!
2977	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2978	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2979	torque_gen(inot) = region_2_slope * generator_speed_f(inot) * generator_speed_f(inot)
2980
2981	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) < generator_speed_rated ) THEN
2982	!
2983	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2984	torque_gen(inot) = region_25_slope * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2985
2986	ELSE
2987	!
2988	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2989	!-- keep the power constant:
2990	torque_gen(inot) = generator_power_rated / generator_speed_f(inot)
2991
2992	ENDIF
2993	!
2994	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2995	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2996	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * generator_torque_rate_max ), &
2997	generator_torque_rate_max )
2998	!
2999	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
3000	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
3001	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), generator_torque_max )
3002	!
3003	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
3004	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
3005
3006
3007	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
3008
3009
3010	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3011	! Description:
3012	! ------------
3013	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3014	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3015	!> Call for all grid points
3016	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3017	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
3018
3019
3020	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3021
3022	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3023	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3024	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3025
3026
3027	SELECT CASE ( location )
3028
3029	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3030
3031	CALL wtm_forces
3032
3033	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3034	!
3035	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3036	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3037	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3038	DO j = nysg, nyng
3039	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3040	!
3041	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3042	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3043	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3044	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3045	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3046
3047	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3048	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3049	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3050	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3051	ENDDO
3052	ENDDO
3053	ENDDO
3054	ENDIF
3055
3056	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3057	!
3058	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3059	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3060	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3061	DO j = nysg, nyng
3062	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3063	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3064	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3065	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3066	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3067	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3068	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3069	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3070	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3071	ENDDO
3072	ENDDO
3073	ENDDO
3074	ENDIF
3075
3076	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3077	!
3078	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3079	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3080	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3081	DO j = nysg, nyng
3082	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3083	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3084	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3085	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3086	ENDDO
3087	ENDDO
3088	ENDDO
3089	ENDIF
3090
3091
3092	CASE DEFAULT
3093	CONTINUE
3094
3095	END SELECT
3096
3097
3098	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3099
3100
3101	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3102	! Description:
3103	! ------------
3104	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3105	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3106	!> Call for grid point i,j
3107	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3108	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3109
3110
3111	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3112	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3113	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3114	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3115
3116	SELECT CASE ( location )
3117
3118	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3119
3120	CALL wtm_forces
3121
3122	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3123	!
3124	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3125	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3126	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3127	!
3128	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3129	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3130	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3131	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3132	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3133	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3134	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3135	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3136	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3137	ENDDO
3138	ENDIF
3139
3140	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3141	!
3142	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3143	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3144	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3145	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3146	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3147	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3148	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3149	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3150	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3151	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3152	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3153	ENDDO
3154	ENDIF
3155
3156	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3157	!
3158	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3159	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3160	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3161	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3162	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3163	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3164	ENDDO
3165	ENDIF
3166
3167
3168	CASE DEFAULT
3169	CONTINUE
3170
3171	END SELECT
3172
3173
3174	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3175
3176
3177	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3178
3179
3180	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3181
3182	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3183
3184	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3185
3186	!
3187	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates.
3188	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3189	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3190	output_values_1d_target = hub_x(1:n_turbines)
3191	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3192	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3193	'x', &
3194	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3195	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3196	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3197
3198	output_values_1d_target = hub_y(1:n_turbines)
3199	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3200	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3201	'y', &
3202	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3203	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3204	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3205
3206	output_values_1d_target = hub_z(1:n_turbines)
3207	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3208	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3209	'z', &
3210	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3211	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3212	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3213
3214	output_values_1d_target = rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) * 2.0_wp
3215	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3216	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3217	'rotor_diameter', &
3218	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3219	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3220	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3221
3222	output_values_1d_target = tower_diameter(1:n_turbines)
3223	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3224	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3225	'tower_diameter', &
3226	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3227	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3228	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3229
3230	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3231	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3232	ENDIF
3233
3234	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3235
3236	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3237	output_values_1d_target = rotor_speed(:)
3238	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3239
3240	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3241	'rotor_speed', &
3242	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3243	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3244	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3245
3246	output_values_1d_target = generator_speed(:)
3247	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3248	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3249	'generator_speed', &
3250	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3251	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3252	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3253
3254	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3255	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3256
3257	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3258	'generator_torque', &
3259	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3260	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3261	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3262
3263	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3264	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3265
3266	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3267	'rotor_torque', &
3268	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3269	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3270	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3271
3272	output_values_1d_target = pitch_angle(:)
3273	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3274
3275	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3276	'pitch_angle', &
3277	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3278	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3279	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3280
3281	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)generator_speed(:)generator_efficiency
3282	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3283
3284	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3285	'generator_power', &
3286	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3287	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3288	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3289
3290	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
3291	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot)rotor_speed(inot)air_density
3292	ENDDO
3293	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3294
3295	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3296	'rotor_power', &
3297	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3298	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3299	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3300
3301	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3302	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3303
3304	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3305	'rotor_thrust', &
3306	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3307	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3308	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3309
3310	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3311	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3312
3313	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3314	'wind_direction', &
3315	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3316	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3317	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3318
3319	output_values_1d_target = (yaw_angle(:))*180.0_wp/pi
3320	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3321
3322	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3323	'yaw_angle', &
3324	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3325	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3326	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3327
3328	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3329	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3330
3331	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3332	'time', &
3333	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3334	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3335	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3336
3337	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3338
3339	ENDIF
3340
3341	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3342
3343	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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