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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4336

Last change on this file since 4336 was 4329, checked in by motisi, 5 years ago
Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 118.5 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z raasch $
28	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
29	!
30	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
31	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
32	! torque and power values
33	!
34	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
35	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
36	!
37	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
38	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
39	!
40	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
41	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
42	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
43	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
44	!
45	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
46	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
47	! of additional debug messages
48	!
49	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
50	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
51	!
52	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
53	! instrumented with openmp directives
54	!
55	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
56	! unused variables removed
57	!
58	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
59	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
60	!
61	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
62	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
63	!
64	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
65	! Initial revision
66	!
67	!
68	! Description:
69	! ------------
70	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
71	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
72	!> (ADM-R).
73	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
74	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
75	!> yaw.
76	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
77	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
78	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
79	!> automatically).
80	!>
81	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
82	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
83	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
84	!> @todo Generate header information
85	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
86	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
87	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
88	!> @todo Include additional output variables
89	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
90	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
91	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
92	!
93	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
94	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
95
96	USE arrays_3d, &
97	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
98
99	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
100	ONLY: pi
101
102	USE control_parameters, &
103	ONLY: coupling_char, &
104	debug_output, &
105	dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
106	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
107
108	USE cpulog, &
109	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
110
111	USE grid_variables, &
112	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
113
114	USE indices, &
115	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
116	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_static_0
117
118	USE kinds
119
120	USE pegrid
121
122
123	IMPLICIT NONE
124
125	PRIVATE
126
127	!
128	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
129
130	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
131	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
132
133	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
134	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
135	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
136	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
137
138	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
139	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
140	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
141	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
142	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
143	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
144
145	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
146	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
147	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
148	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
149	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
150	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
151	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
152	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
153	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
154	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
155	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
156
157	!
158	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
159	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
160
161	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
162	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
163	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
164	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
165	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
166	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
167	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
168	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
169	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
170	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
171	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
172	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
173	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
174	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
175
176
177	!
178	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
179
180	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
181	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
182	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
183
184	!
185	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
186	TYPE file_status
187	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
188	END TYPE file_status
189
190	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
191	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
192
193	!
194	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
195
196	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
197	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
198	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
199	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
200	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
201
202	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
203
204	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
205	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
206	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
207	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
208	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
209	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
210	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
211	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
212
213	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
214
215	!
216	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
217	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
218	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
219	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
220	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
221	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
222	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
223
224	!
225	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
226	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
230
231	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
232	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
233
234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
236
237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
239
240	!
241	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
242
243	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
244	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
245	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
246	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
247	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
248	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
249	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
250	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
251	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
252	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
253	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
254	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
255	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
256	!
257	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
258	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
259	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
260	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
261	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
262	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
263
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
273
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
276
277	!
278	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
285
286	!
287	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
291
292	!
293	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
297
298	!
299	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
303
304	!
305	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
309	!
310	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
312
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
322
323	!
324	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
325
326	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
327
328	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
329	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
330	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
331	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
332	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
333	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
334	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
335	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
336
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
338
339	!
340	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
341
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
352	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
353	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
354	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
355
356	!
357	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
365
366
367	SAVE
368
369
370	INTERFACE wtm_parin
371	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
372	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
373
374	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
375	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
376	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
377
378	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
379	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
380	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
381
382	INTERFACE wtm_init
383	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
384	END INTERFACE wtm_init
385
386	INTERFACE wtm_actions
387	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
388	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
389	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
390
391	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
392	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
393	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
394
395	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
396	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
397	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
398
399
400	PUBLIC &
401	wtm_parin, &
402	wtm_check_parameters, &
403	wtm_init_arrays, &
404	wtm_init, &
405	wtm_actions, &
406	wtm_rrd_global, &
407	wtm_wrd_global
408
409
410	CONTAINS
411
412
413	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
414	! Description:
415	! ------------
416	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
417	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
418	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
419
420
421	IMPLICIT NONE
422
423	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
424
425	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
426	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
427	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
428	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
429	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
430	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
431	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
432	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
433	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
434	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
435	! , turb_cd_nacelle
436
437	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
438	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
439	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
440	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
441	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
442	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
443	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
444	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
445	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
446	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
447	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
448	! , turb_cd_nacelle
449	!
450	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
451	REWIND ( 11 )
452	line = ' '
453	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
454	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
455	ENDDO
456	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
457
458	!
459	!-- Read user-defined namelist
460	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
461	!
462	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
463	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
464
465	GOTO 14
466
467	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
468	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
469	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
470
471	!
472	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
473	12 REWIND ( 11 )
474	line = ' '
475	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
476	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
477	ENDDO
478	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
479
480	!
481	!-- Read user-defined namelist
482	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
483
484	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
485	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
486	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
487	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
488
489	!
490	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
491	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
492
493	GOTO 14
494
495	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
496	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
497	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
498
499	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
500
501
502	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
503
504
505	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
506	! Description:
507	! ------------
508	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
510	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
511
512
513	IMPLICIT NONE
514
515
516	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
517	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
518
519	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
520	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
521
522	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
523	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
524
525	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
526	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
527
528	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
529	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
530
531	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
532	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
533
534	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
535	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
536
537	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
538	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
539
540	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
541	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
542
543	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
544	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
545
546
547	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
548
549
550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
551	! Description:
552	! ------------
553	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
555	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
556
557
558	USE control_parameters, &
559	ONLY: length, restart_string
560
561
562	IMPLICIT NONE
563
564	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
565
566
567	found = .TRUE.
568
569
570	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
571
572	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
573	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
574	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
575	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
576	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
577	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
578	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
579	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
580	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
581	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
582	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
583	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
584	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
585	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
586	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
587	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
588	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
589	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
590	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
591	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
592
593	CASE DEFAULT
594
595	found = .FALSE.
596
597	END SELECT
598
599
600	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
601
602
603	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
604	! Description:
605	! ------------
606	!> Check namelist parameter
607	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
608	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
609
610
611	IMPLICIT NONE
612
613	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
614	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
615	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
616	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
617	ENDIF
618
619	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
620	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
621	'a value equal or larger than zero'
622	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
623	ENDIF
624
625
626	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
627	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
628	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
629
630	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
631	'have to be given for each turbine.'
632	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
633
634	ENDIF
635
636
637	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
638
639
640	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
641	! Description:
642	! ------------
643	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
644	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
645	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
646
647
648	IMPLICIT NONE
649
650	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
651	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
652
653	!
654	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
655	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
656
657	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
658	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
659
660	nrings(:) = 0
661	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
662
663	!
664	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
665	delta_r_factor = segment_width
666	delta_t_factor = segment_length
667	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
668
669	DO inot = 1, nturbines
670	!
671	!-- Determine number of rings:
672	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
673
674	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
675
676	ENDDO
677
678	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
679
680	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
681	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
682
683	nsegs(:,:) = 0
684	nsegs_total(:) = 0
685
686
687	DO inot = 1, nturbines
688	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
689	!
690	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
691	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
692	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
693	delta_t_factor ) )
694	ENDDO
695	!
696	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
697	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
698
699	ENDDO
700
701	!
702	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
703	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
704
705	!!
706	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
707	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
708	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
709	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
710	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
711	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
712	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
713	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
714	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
715	! ENDIF
716
717
718	!
719	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
720	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
721	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
722	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
723	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
724	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
725	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
726	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
727	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
728
729	!
730	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
731	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
732	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
733	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
734	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
735	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
736	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
737
738	!
739	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
740	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
741	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
742	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
743	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
744	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
745	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
746	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
747	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
748	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
749	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
750
751	!
752	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
753	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
754	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
755	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
756	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
757	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
758	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
759
760	!
761	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
762	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
763	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
764	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
765
766	!
767	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
768	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
769	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
770	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
771	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
772	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
773	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
774	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
775	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
776
777	!
778	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
779	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
780	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
781	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
782	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
783	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
784	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
785
786	!
787	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
788	i_hub(:) = 0
789	i_smear(:) = 0
790	j_hub(:) = 0
791	j_smear(:) = 0
792	k_hub(:) = 0
793	k_smear(:) = 0
794
795	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
796	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
797
798	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
799	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
800	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
801	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
802	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
803	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
804	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
805	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
806	ENDIF
807
808	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
809	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
810	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
811	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
812	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
813	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
814
815	!
816	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
817	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
818	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
819	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
820	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
821	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
822	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
823	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
824	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
825	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
826	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
827
828	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
829	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
830	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
831	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
832	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
833	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
834
835	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
836	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
837	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
838
839	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
840	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
841	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
842	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
843	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
844	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
845	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
846	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
847
848	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
849	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
850	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
851	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
852	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
853	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
854
855
856	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
857
858
859	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
860	! Description:
861	! ------------
862	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
863	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
864	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
865
866
867	USE control_parameters, &
868	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
869
870	IMPLICIT NONE
871
872	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
873	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
874	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
875
876	!
877	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
878	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
879
880	!
881	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
882	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
883	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
884
885	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
886
887	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
888	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
889	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
890	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
891
892	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
893
894	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
895	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
896	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
897	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
898
899	!
900	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
901	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
902	!-- (smearing of the forces)
903	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
904	!
905	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
906	!-- be calculated:
907
908	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
909	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
910	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
911	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
912	!
913	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
914	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
915	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
916	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
917	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
918	!
919	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
920	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
921	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
922	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
923	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
924	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
925	eps_min) THEN
926	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
927	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
928	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
929	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
930	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
931	ENDIF
932	!
933	!-- Square of eps_min:
934	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
935	!
936	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
937	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
938	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
939	!
940	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
941	!-- function:
942	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
943
944	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
945	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
946
947	!
948	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
949	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
950	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
951	ENDIF
952
953
954	DO inot = 1, nturbines
955	!
956	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
957	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
958
959	!
960	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
961	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
962	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
963	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
964
965	!
966	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
967	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
968	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
969	!-- function of eps_min:
970	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
971	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
972	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
973
974	ENDDO
975
976	!
977	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
978	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
979	IF ( speed_control) THEN
980
981	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
982
983	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
984
985	DO inot = 1, nturbines
986
987	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
988	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
989	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
990	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
991	ENDIF
992
993	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
994	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
995	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
996	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
997	ENDIF
998
999	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1000	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1001	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1002	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1003	ENDIF
1004
1005	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1006	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1007	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1008	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1009	ENDIF
1010
1011	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1012	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1013
1014	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1015
1016	ENDIF
1017	ENDIF
1018
1019	END DO
1020
1021	ENDIF
1022
1023	ENDIF
1024
1025	!
1026	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1027	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1028	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1029	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1030	!
1031	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1032	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1033
1034	!
1035	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1036	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1037	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1038
1039	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1040
1041	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1042
1043
1044	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1045	!
1046	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1047	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1048	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1049	i = i_hub(inot)
1050
1051	!
1052	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1053	!-- grid point indices):
1054	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1055	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1056	!
1057	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1058	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1059	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1060	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1061	!-- in grid box 1.
1062	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1063	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1064
1065	!
1066	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1067	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1068	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1069	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1070
1071	!
1072	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1073	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1074	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1075
1076	DO j = nys, nyn
1077	!
1078	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1079	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1080
1081	DO k = nzb, nzt
1082
1083	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1084	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1085	!
1086	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1087	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1088	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1089	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1090	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1091	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1092	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1093	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1094	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1095	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1096	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1097	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1098	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1099	!
1100	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1101	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1102	ELSE
1103	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1104	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1105	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1106	ENDIF
1107	!
1108	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1109	ELSE
1110	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1111	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1112	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1113	ENDIF
1114	!
1115	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1116	!-- are carried out:
1117	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1118
1119	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1120	!
1121	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1122	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1123	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1124	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1125	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1126	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1127	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1128	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1129	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1130	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1131	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1132	!
1133	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1134	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1135	ELSE
1136	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1137	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1138	ENDIF
1139	!
1140	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1141	ELSE
1142	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1143	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1144	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1145
1146	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1147
1148	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1149
1150	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1151
1152	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1153
1154	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1155
1156
1157	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1158
1159	!
1160	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1161	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1162	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1163	!!
1164	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1165	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1166	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1167	!
1168	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1169	!
1170	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1171	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1172	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1173	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1174	!!
1175	!!-- bottom intersection point
1176	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1177	!!
1178	!!-- top intersection point
1179	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1180	! ELSE
1181	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1182	! ENDIF
1183	! ENDDO
1184	!
1185	!
1186	! DO j = nys, nyn
1187	!!
1188	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1189	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1190	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1191	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1192	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1193	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1194	!!
1195	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1196	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1197	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1198	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1199	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1200	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1201	!!
1202	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1203	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1204	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1205	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1206	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1207	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1208	! dz_int = dz
1209	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1210	!!
1211	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1212	!!-- within the current grid box:
1213	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1214	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1215	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1216	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1217	! ENDIF
1218	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1219	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1220	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1221	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1222	! ENDIF
1223	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1224	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1225	! ENDIF
1226	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1227	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1228	! ENDIF
1229	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1230	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1231	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1232	! ENDIF
1233	! ENDDO
1234	! ENDIF
1235	! ENDDO
1236	! ENDIF
1237	!
1238	! ENDDO
1239	!
1240	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1241
1242	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1243
1244	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1245	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1246
1247	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1248
1249	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1250
1251	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1252
1253
1254	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1255	! Description:
1256	! ------------
1257	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1258	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1259	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1260	!
1261	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1262
1263
1264	IMPLICIT NONE
1265
1266	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1267	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1268
1269	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1270
1271	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1272
1273	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1274	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1275	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1276	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1277	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1278	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1279	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1280	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1281	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1282	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1283
1284	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1285	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1286	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1287
1288	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1289	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1290
1291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1296
1297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1302
1303	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1304
1305	!
1306	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1307	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1308
1309	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1310
1311	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1312	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1313	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1314	ENDIF
1315	!
1316	!-- Read distribution table:
1317
1318	dlen = 0
1319
1320	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1321
1322	rloop3: DO
1323	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1324	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1325	dlen = dlen + 1
1326	ENDDO rloop3
1327
1328	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1329
1330	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1331	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1332	ENDDO
1333
1334	DO jj = 1,dlen
1335	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1336	ENDDO
1337
1338	!
1339	!-- Read layout table:
1340
1341	dlen = 0
1342
1343	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1344
1345	rloop1: DO
1346	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1347	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1348	dlen = dlen + 1
1349	ENDDO rloop1
1350
1351	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1352	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1353	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1354	ENDDO
1355	DO jj = 1, dlen
1356	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1357	ENDDO
1358
1359	!
1360	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1361
1362	dlen = 0
1363
1364	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1365
1366	rloop2: DO
1367	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1368	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1369	dlen = dlen + 1
1370	ENDDO rloop2
1371
1372	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1373	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1374
1375	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1376	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1377	ENDDO
1378
1379	DO jj = 1,dlen
1380	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1381	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1382	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1383	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1384	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1385	ENDDO
1386
1387	ENDDO
1388
1389	dlenbl = dlen
1390
1391	CLOSE ( 90 )
1392
1393	!
1394	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1395	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1396	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1397	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1398	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1399
1400	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1401	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1402	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1403	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1404
1405	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1406	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1407
1408	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1409	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1410
1411	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1412
1413	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1414	!
1415	!-- Find position in table 1
1416	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1417	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1418
1419	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1420	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1421	ENDIF
1422
1423	trow = lct(1)
1424	!
1425	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1426	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1427	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1428	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1429	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1430
1431	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1432	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1433	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1434	ENDIF
1435
1436	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1437	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1438	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1439	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1440	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1441
1442	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1443	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1444	! explicitly
1445	ELSE
1446	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1447	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1448	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1449	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1450	!
1451	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1452	!-- explicitly
1453	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1454	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1455	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1456	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1457	ENDIF
1458
1459	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1460
1461	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1462	ialpha = 1
1463
1464	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1465	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1466	ENDDO
1467
1468	!
1469	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1470	!-- segments and angles of attack
1471
1472	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1473	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1474	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1475	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1476	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1477	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1478	( alpha_attack_i - &
1479	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1480	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1481	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1482	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1483	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1484	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1485	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1486	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1487	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1488	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1489	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1490	( alpha_attack_i - &
1491	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1492	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1493	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1494	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1495	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1496
1497	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1498
1499	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1500
1501
1502	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1503
1504
1505	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1506	! Description:
1507	! ------------
1508	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1509	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1511	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1512
1513
1514	IMPLICIT NONE
1515
1516	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1517	!
1518	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1519	!-- the rotors
1520	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1521	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1522	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1523
1524	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1525	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1526	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1527
1528	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1529	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1530	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1531
1532	!
1533	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1534	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1535
1536	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1537	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1538	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1539	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1540	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1541	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1542	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1543	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1544	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1545	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1546	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1547	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1548	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1549	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1550	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1551	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1552	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1553	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1554	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1555	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1556	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1557	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1558	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1559	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1560
1561	!
1562	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1563	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1564	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1565	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1566	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1567
1568	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1569
1570
1571	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1572	! Description:
1573	! ------------
1574	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1575	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1576	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1577
1578
1579	IMPLICIT NONE
1580
1581	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1582
1583	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1584	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1585	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1586	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1587	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1588	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1589
1590	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1591	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1592	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1593
1594	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1595	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1596
1597	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1598
1599
1600	!
1601	! Variables for pitch control
1602	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1603
1604	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1605	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1606
1607	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1608
1609
1610	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1611
1612
1613	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1614
1615	!
1616	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1617	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1618	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1619	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1620	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1621	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1622	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1623	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1624	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1625	!
1626	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1627	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1628
1629	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1630	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1631	!
1632	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1633
1634	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1635	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1636	!$OMP DO
1637	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1638
1639	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1640	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1641	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1642	!
1643	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1644	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1645
1646	!
1647	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1648	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1649	!
1650	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1651	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1652	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1653	!
1654	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1655	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1656	!-- with y-axis):
1657	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1658	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1659	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1660
1661	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1662	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1663	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1664	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1665	re(3) = sin_rot
1666
1667	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1668	!
1669	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1670	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1671	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1672	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1673
1674	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1675	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1676	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1677	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1678	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1679
1680	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1681	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1682
1683	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1684	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1685
1686	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1687	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1688
1689	!
1690	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1691
1692	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1693	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1694	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1695	!
1696	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1697	!-- the current PE:
1698	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1699	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1700
1701	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1702	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1703	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1704	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1705	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1706	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1707	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1708	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1709	gg = dx * dy
1710
1711	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1712	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1713	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1714	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1715	) / gg
1716
1717	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1718	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1719	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1720	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1721	) / gg
1722
1723	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1724	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1725	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1726
1727	ELSE
1728	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1729	ENDIF
1730	ELSE
1731	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1732	ENDIF
1733
1734
1735	!
1736	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1737	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1738	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1739	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1740	!
1741	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1742	!-- the current PE:
1743	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1744	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1745
1746	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1747	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1748	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1749	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1750	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1751	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1752	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1753	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1754	gg = dx * dy
1755
1756	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1757	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1758	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1759	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1760	) / gg
1761
1762	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1763	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1764	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1765	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1766	) / gg
1767
1768	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1769	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1770	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1771
1772	ELSE
1773	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1774	ENDIF
1775	ELSE
1776	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1777	ENDIF
1778
1779
1780	!
1781	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1782	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1783	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1784	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1785	!
1786	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1787	!-- the current PE:
1788	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1789	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1790
1791	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1792	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1793	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1794	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1795	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1796	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1797	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1798	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1799	gg = dx * dy
1800
1801	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1802	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1803	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1804	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1805	) / gg
1806
1807	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1808	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1809	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1810	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1811	) / gg
1812
1813	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1814	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1815	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1816	ELSE
1817	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1818	ENDIF
1819	ELSE
1820	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1821	ENDIF
1822
1823	ENDDO
1824	ENDDO
1825	!$OMP END PARALLEL
1826
1827	ENDDO
1828
1829	!
1830	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1831	#if defined( __parallel )
1832	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1833	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1834	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1835	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1836	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1837	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1838	#else
1839	u_int = u_int_1_l
1840	v_int = v_int_1_l
1841	w_int = w_int_1_l
1842	#endif
1843
1844
1845	!
1846	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1847
1848	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1849	pit_loop: DO
1850
1851	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1852	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1853	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1854	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1855	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1856	ELSE
1857	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1858	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1859	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1860	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1861	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1862	ENDIF
1863	ENDIF
1864
1865	!
1866	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1867	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
1868	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
1869	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
1870	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
1871	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
1872	!$OMP DO
1873	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1874	!
1875	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1876	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1877	!
1878	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1879	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1880	!
1881	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1882	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1883	!-- with y-axis):
1884	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1885	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1886	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1887	!
1888	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1889	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1890	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1891	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1892	re(3) = sin_rot
1893
1894	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1895	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1896	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1897	rea(3) = cos_rot
1898
1899	!
1900	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1901	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1902	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1903	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1904	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1905	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1906	!
1907	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1908	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1909	!-- tilt:
1910	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1911	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1912	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1913	!
1914	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1915	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1916
1917	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1918
1919	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1920
1921	!
1922	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1923	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1924	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1925	!
1926	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1927	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1928	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1929	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1930	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1931	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1932	!
1933	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1934	!
1935	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1936	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1937	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1938	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1939	!
1940	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1941	!-- direction:
1942	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1943	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1944	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1945	!
1946	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1947	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1948
1949	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1950	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1951	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1952
1953	!
1954	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1955	!-- to the current radial position:
1956
1957	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1958	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1959
1960	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1961	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1962	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1963	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1964	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1965	ELSE
1966	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1967	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1968	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1969	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1970	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1971	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1972	ENDIF
1973
1974	!
1975	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1976	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1977	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1978	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1979	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1980	!
1981	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1982	!-- angle of attack:
1983	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1984	!
1985	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1986	!-- to angles given in degree:
1987	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1988	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1989	!
1990	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1991	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
1992
1993	!
1994	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1995	!-- to the rotor:
1996	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
1997	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1998	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
1999
2000	!
2001	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2002	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2003	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2004	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2005
2006	!
2007	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2008	!-- the current radial position:
2009
2010	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2011	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2012	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2013	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2014	ELSE
2015	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2016	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2017	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2018	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2019	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2020	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2021	ENDIF
2022
2023	!
2024	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2025	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2026	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2027	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2028	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2029	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2030	!
2031	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2032	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2033	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2034	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2035	!
2036	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2037	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2038	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2039	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2040
2041	!
2042	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2043	!-- angles given in radian:
2044	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2045	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2046
2047	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2048
2049	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2050	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2051	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2052	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2053	!--
2054	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2055	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2056	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2057
2058	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2059
2060	ENDIF
2061	!
2062	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2063	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2064	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2065
2066	!
2067	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2068
2069	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2070	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2071
2072	!
2073	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2074	!-- for each ring segment:
2075	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2076	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2077	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2078
2079	!
2080	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2081	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2082	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2083	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2084	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2085	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2086	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2087	!
2088	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2089	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2090	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2091
2092	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2093	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2094
2095	!
2096	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2097	!$OMP CRITICAL
2098	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2099	thrust_seg(rseg)
2100
2101
2102	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2103	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2104
2105	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2106
2107	!
2108	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2109	!-- each ring:
2110	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2111	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2112	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2113
2114
2115	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2116	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2117
2118
2119	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2120
2121
2122	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2123	!
2124	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2125
2126	!
2127	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2128	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2129	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2130	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2131	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2132	( inertia_rot + &
2133	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2134
2135	!
2136	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2137	!-- and rotor speed
2138	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2139
2140	ENDIF
2141
2142	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2143
2144	!
2145	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2146	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2147	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2148	!-- gain
2149	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2150	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2151	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2152	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2153	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2154	!
2155	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2156	CYCLE pit_loop
2157	ENDIF
2158
2159	!
2160	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2161	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2162	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2163	ENDIF
2164	EXIT pit_loop
2165	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2166
2167
2168	!
2169	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2170
2171	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2172	!
2173	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2174	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2175	THEN
2176	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2177	THEN
2178	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2179	ENDIF
2180	ENDIF
2181
2182	ENDIF
2183
2184
2185	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2186
2187	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2188
2189
2190	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2191	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2192	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2193	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2194	!
2195	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2196	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2197	!
2198	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2199	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2200	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2201	!-- consideration
2202	!
2203	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2204	!-- of the model domain:
2205	!
2206	!--
2207	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2208	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2209	eps_min ) / dx )
2210	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2211	eps_min ) / dy )
2212
2213	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2214	!$OMP DO
2215	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2216	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2217	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2218	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2219	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2220	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2221	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2222	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2223	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2224	!
2225	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2226	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2227
2228	!
2229	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2230	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2231	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2232	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2233	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2234	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2235	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2236	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2237	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2238	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2239	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2240
2241	!
2242	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2243	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2244	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2245	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2246	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2247	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2248	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2249	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2250	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2251	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2252	flag
2253	ENDIF
2254	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2255	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2256	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2257	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2258	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2259	flag
2260	ENDIF
2261	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2262	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2263	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2264	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2265	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2266	flag
2267	ENDIF
2268
2269	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2270	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2271
2272	!
2273	!-- Rotation of force components:
2274	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2275	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2276	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2277	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2278	) * flag
2279
2280	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2281	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2282	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2283	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2284	) * flag
2285
2286	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2287	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2288	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2289	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2290	) * flag
2291
2292	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2293	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2294	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2295	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2296
2297	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2298
2299	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2300
2301
2302	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2303	!
2304	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2305	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2306	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2307	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2308	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2309	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2310	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2311
2312	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2313	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2314	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2315	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2316	start_up = .FALSE.
2317	ENDIF
2318
2319	!
2320	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2321	!--
2322	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2323	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2324	!
2325	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2326	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2327	THEN
2328	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2329	THEN
2330
2331	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2332
2333	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2334	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2335	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2336	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2337	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2338
2339	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2340
2341	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2342
2343	ENDIF
2344	ENDIF
2345
2346	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2347
2348	!
2349	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2350	#if defined( __parallel )
2351	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2352	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2353	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2354	comm2d, ierr )
2355	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2356	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2357	#else
2358	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2359	wdir = wdir_l
2360	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2361
2362
2363	#endif
2364	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2365	!
2366	!-- Update rotor orientation
2367	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2368
2369	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2370
2371	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2372
2373	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2374	!
2375	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2376	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2377	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2378	#if defined( __parallel )
2379	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2380	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2381	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2382	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2383	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2384	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2385	#else
2386	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2387	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2388	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2389	#endif
2390
2391	ENDIF
2392
2393	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2394
2395	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2396	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2397	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2398	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2399	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2400	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2401	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2402	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2403	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2404	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2405
2406	ELSE
2407
2408	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2409	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2410	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2411	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2412	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2413	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2414	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2415	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2416	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2417	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2418	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2419	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2420	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2421	ENDIF
2422	ENDIF
2423
2424	!-- Set open flag
2425	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2426	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2427
2428	ENDIF
2429
2430	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2431
2432	!
2433	!-- Formats
2434	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2435	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2436	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed GenTorque AeroTorque ', &
2437	'Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) RotThrust WDirection ', &
2438	'YawOrient')
2439
2440	106 FORMAT (F9.2,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F12.1,3X,F12.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F12.1,2X, &
2441	F12.1,1X,F12.1,4X,F7.2,4X,F7.2)
2442
2443
2444	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2445
2446
2447	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2448	! Description:
2449	! ------------
2450	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2451	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2452	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2453
2454	USE kinds
2455
2456	IMPLICIT NONE
2457
2458	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2459	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2460	REAL(wp) :: missal
2461
2462	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2463
2464	!
2465	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2466	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2467	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2468	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2469	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2470	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2471	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2472	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2473	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2474	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2475	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2476	!
2477	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2478	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2479	!
2480	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2481	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2482	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2483	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2484	!
2485	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2486	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2487
2488	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2489	!
2490	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2491	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2492	!
2493	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2494	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2495	!
2496	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2497	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2498	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2499	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2500	ENDIF
2501	ENDIF
2502
2503	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2504
2505	!
2506	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2507	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2508	!-- than min_miss
2509
2510	ELSE
2511	!
2512	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2513	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2514	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2515	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2516	!
2517	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2518	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2519	!
2520	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2521	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2522	!
2523	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2524	!-- yaw direction is still right
2525	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2526	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2527	!
2528	!-- Continue yawing
2529	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2530	ELSE
2531	!
2532	!-- Stop yawing
2533	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2534	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2535	ENDIF
2536	ELSE
2537	!
2538	!-- Continue yawing
2539	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2540	ENDIF
2541
2542	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2543
2544	ENDIF
2545
2546	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2547
2548
2549	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2550	! Description:
2551	! ------------
2552	!> Initialization of the speed control
2553	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2554	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2555
2556
2557	IMPLICIT NONE
2558
2559	!
2560	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2561	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2562	!
2563	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2564	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2565	!
2566	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2567	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2568	!
2569	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2570	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2571	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2572	!
2573	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2574	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2575	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2576	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2577	!
2578	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2579	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2580	!
2581	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2582	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2583	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2584	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2585	ENDIF
2586
2587	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2588
2589
2590	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2591	! Description:
2592	! ------------
2593	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2594	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2595	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2596
2597
2598	IMPLICIT NONE
2599
2600	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2601
2602
2603
2604	!
2605	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2606	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2607	!-- offshore system developement"
2608
2609	!
2610	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2611	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2612	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2613	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2614	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2615
2616	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2617	!
2618	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2619	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2620
2621	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2622	!
2623	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2624	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2625
2626	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2627	!
2628	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2629	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2630	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2631
2632	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2633	!
2634	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2635	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2636
2637	ELSE
2638	!
2639	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2640	!-- keep the power constant:
2641	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2642
2643	ENDIF
2644	!
2645	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2646	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2647	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2648	!
2649	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2650	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2651	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2652	!
2653	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2654	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2655
2656
2657	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2658
2659
2660	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2661	! Description:
2662	! ------------
2663	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2664	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2665	!> Call for all grid points
2666	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2667	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2668
2669
2670	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2671
2672	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2673	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2674	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2675
2676
2677	SELECT CASE ( location )
2678
2679	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2680
2681	CALL wtm_forces
2682
2683	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2684	!
2685	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2686	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2687	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2688	DO j = nysg, nyng
2689	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2690	!
2691	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2692	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2693	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2694	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2695	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2696
2697	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2698	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2699	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2700	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2701	ENDDO
2702	ENDDO
2703	ENDDO
2704	ENDIF
2705
2706	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2707	!
2708	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2709	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2710	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2711	DO j = nysg, nyng
2712	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2713	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2714	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2715	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2716	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2717	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2718	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2719	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2720	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2721	ENDDO
2722	ENDDO
2723	ENDDO
2724	ENDIF
2725
2726	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2727	!
2728	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2729	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2730	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2731	DO j = nysg, nyng
2732	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2733	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2734	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2735	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2736	ENDDO
2737	ENDDO
2738	ENDDO
2739	ENDIF
2740
2741
2742	CASE DEFAULT
2743	CONTINUE
2744
2745	END SELECT
2746
2747
2748	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
2749
2750
2751	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2752	! Description:
2753	! ------------
2754	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2755	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2756	!> Call for grid point i,j
2757	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2758	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
2759
2760
2761	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2762	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2763	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2764	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2765
2766	SELECT CASE ( location )
2767
2768	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2769
2770	CALL wtm_forces
2771
2772	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2773	!
2774	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2775	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2776	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2777	!
2778	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2779	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2780	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2781	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2782	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2783	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2784	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2785	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2786	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2787	ENDDO
2788	ENDIF
2789
2790	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2791	!
2792	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2793	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2794	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2795	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2796	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2797	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2798	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2799	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2800	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2801	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2802	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2803	ENDDO
2804	ENDIF
2805
2806	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2807	!
2808	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2809	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2810	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2811	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2812	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2813	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2814	ENDDO
2815	ENDIF
2816
2817
2818	CASE DEFAULT
2819	CONTINUE
2820
2821	END SELECT
2822
2823
2824	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
2825
2826	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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