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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 3841

Last change on this file since 3841 was 3832, checked in by raasch, 6 years ago
some routines instrumented with openmp directives, loop reordering for performance optimization
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 121.7 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z suehring $
28	! instrumented with openmp directives
29	!
30	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
31	! unused variables removed
32	!
33	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
34	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
35	!
36	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
37	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
38	!
39	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
40	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
41	!
42	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
43	! Minor formating changes
44	!
45	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
46	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
47	!
48	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
49	! unused variables removed
50	!
51	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
52	! Check for vertical stretching has been revised.
53	!
54	! 3139 2018-07-17 11:30:10Z Giersch
55	! Bugfix in calculation of alpha_attack
56	!
57	! 3069 2018-06-15 07:56:09Z witha
58	! Initialization of some arrays added
59	!
60	! 3066 2018-06-12 08:55:55Z Giersch
61	! Error message revised
62	!
63	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
64	! dz was replaced by dz(1), error message concerning grid stretching has been
65	! introduced
66	!
67	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
68	! Error messages revised
69	!
70	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
71	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
72	!
73	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
74	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
75	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
76	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
77	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
78	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
79	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
80	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
81	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
82	! restart data is read
83	!
84	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
85	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
86	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
87	! turbine model
88	!
89	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
90	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
91	! case of restart runs
92	!
93	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
94	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
95	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
96	!
97	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
98	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
99	!
100	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
101	! Change in file header (GPL part)
102	!
103	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
104	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
105	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
106	!
107	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
108	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
109	! parameters during reading restart data
110	!
111	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
112	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
113	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
114	! defined
115	!
116	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
117	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
118	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
119	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
120	!
121	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
122	! Revise error message PA0462
123	!
124	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
125	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
126	!
127	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
128	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
129	!
130	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
131	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
132	!
133	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
134	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
135	!
136	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
137	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
138	!
139	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
140	!
141	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
142	! Adjustments to new topography concept
143	!
144	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
145	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
146	! Addition of a tip loss model
147	!
148	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
149	! Bugfix of pitch control
150	!
151	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
152	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
153	!
154	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
155	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
156	!
157	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
158	! Initial revision
159	!
160	!
161	! Description:
162	! ------------
163	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
164	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
165	!> (ADM-R).
166	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
167	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
168	!> yaw.
169	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
170	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
171	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
172	!> automatically).
173	!>
174	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
175	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
176	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
177	!> @todo Generate header information
178	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
179	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
180	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
181	!> @todo Include additional output variables
182	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
183	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
184	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
185	!
186	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
187	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
188
189	USE arrays_3d, &
190	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
191
192	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
193	ONLY: pi
194
195	USE control_parameters, &
196	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
197	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
198
199	USE cpulog, &
200	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
201
202	USE grid_variables, &
203	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
204
205	USE indices, &
206	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
207	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
208
209	USE kinds
210
211	USE pegrid
212
213
214	IMPLICIT NONE
215
216	PRIVATE
217
218	!
219	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
220
221	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
222	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
223
224	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
225	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
226	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
227	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
228
229	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
230	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
231	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
232	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
233	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
234	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
235
236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
239	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
240	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
241	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
244	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
245	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
247
248	!
249	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
250	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
251
252	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
253	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
254	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
255	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
256	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
257	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
258	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
259	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
260	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
261	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
262	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
263	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
264	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
265	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
266
267
268	!
269	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
270
271	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
272	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
273	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
274
275	!
276	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
277	TYPE file_status
278	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
279	END TYPE file_status
280
281	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
282	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
283
284	!
285	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
286
287	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
288	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
289	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
290	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
291	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
292
293	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
294
295	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
296	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
297	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
298	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
299	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
300	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
301	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
302	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
303
304	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
305
306	!
307	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
308	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
309	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
310	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
311	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
312	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
313	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
314
315	!
316	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
321
322	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
323	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
324
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
327
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
330
331	!
332	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
333
334	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
335	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
336	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
337	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
338	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
339	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
340	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
341	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
342	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
343	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
344	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
345	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
346	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
347	!
348	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
349	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
350	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
351	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
352	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
353	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
354
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
364
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
367
368	!
369	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
376
377	!
378	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
382
383	!
384	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
388
389	!
390	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
394
395	!
396	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
400	!
401	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
403
404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
413
414	!
415	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
416
417	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
418
419	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
420	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
421	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
422	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
423	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
424	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
425	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
426	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
427
428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
429
430	!
431	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
432
433	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
435	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
436	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
437	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
439	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
443	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
444	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
445	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
446
447	!
448	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
449	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
450	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
451	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
452	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
453	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
454	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
455	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
456
457
458	SAVE
459
460
461	INTERFACE wtm_parin
462	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
463	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
464
465	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
466	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
467	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
468
469	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
470	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
471	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
472
473	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
474	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
475	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
476
477	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
478	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
479	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
480
481	INTERFACE wtm_init
482	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
483	END INTERFACE wtm_init
484
485	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
486	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
487	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
488
489	INTERFACE wtm_forces
490	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
491	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
492
493	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
494	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
495	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
496
497	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
498	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
499	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
500
501	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
502	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
503	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
504	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
505
506	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
507	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
508	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
509	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
510
511
512	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
513	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
514
515
516	CONTAINS
517
518
519	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
520	! Description:
521	! ------------
522	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
523	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
524	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
525
526
527	IMPLICIT NONE
528
529	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
530
531	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
532	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
533	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
534	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
535	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
536	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
537	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
538	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
539	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
540	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
541	! , turb_cd_nacelle
542
543	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
544	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
545	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
546	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
547	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
548	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
549	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
550	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
551	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
552	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
553	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
554	! , turb_cd_nacelle
555	!
556	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
557	REWIND ( 11 )
558	line = ' '
559	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
560	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
561	ENDDO
562	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
563
564	!
565	!-- Read user-defined namelist
566	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
567	!
568	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
569	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
570
571	GOTO 14
572
573	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
574	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
575	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
576
577	!
578	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
579	12 REWIND ( 11 )
580	line = ' '
581	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
582	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
583	ENDDO
584	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
585
586	!
587	!-- Read user-defined namelist
588	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
589
590	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
591	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
592	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
593	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
594
595	!
596	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
597	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
598
599	GOTO 14
600
601	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
602	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
603	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
604
605	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
606
607
608	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
609
610
611	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
612	! Description:
613	! ------------
614	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
615	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
616	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
617
618
619	IMPLICIT NONE
620
621
622	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
623	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
624
625	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
626	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
627
628	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
629	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
630
631	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
632	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
633
634	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
635	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
636
637	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
638	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
639
640	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
641	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
642
643	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
644	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
645
646	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
647	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
648
649	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
650	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
651
652
653	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
654
655
656	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
657	! Description:
658	! ------------
659	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
660	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
661	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
662
663
664	USE control_parameters, &
665	ONLY: length, restart_string
666
667
668	IMPLICIT NONE
669
670	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
671
672
673	found = .TRUE.
674
675
676	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
677
678	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
679	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
680	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
681	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
682	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
683	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
684	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
685	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
686	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
687	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
688	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
689	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
690	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
691	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
692	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
693	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
694	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
695	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
696	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
697	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
698
699	CASE DEFAULT
700
701	found = .FALSE.
702
703	END SELECT
704
705
706	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
707
708
709	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
710	! Description:
711	! ------------
712	!> Check namelist parameter
713	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
714	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
715
716
717	IMPLICIT NONE
718
719	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
720	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
721	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
722	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
723	ENDIF
724
725	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
726	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
727	'a value equal or larger than zero'
728	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
729	ENDIF
730
731
732	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
733	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
734	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
735
736	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
737	'have to be given for each turbine.'
738	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
739
740	ENDIF
741
742
743	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
744
745
746	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
747	! Description:
748	! ------------
749	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
750	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
751	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
752
753
754	IMPLICIT NONE
755
756	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
757	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
758
759	!
760	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
761	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
762
763	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
764	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
765
766	nrings(:) = 0
767	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
768
769	!
770	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
771	delta_r_factor = segment_width
772	delta_t_factor = segment_length
773	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
774
775	DO inot = 1, nturbines
776	!
777	!-- Determine number of rings:
778	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
779
780	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
781
782	ENDDO
783
784	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
785
786	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
787	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
788
789	nsegs(:,:) = 0
790	nsegs_total(:) = 0
791
792
793	DO inot = 1, nturbines
794	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
795	!
796	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
797	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
798	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
799	delta_t_factor ) )
800	ENDDO
801	!
802	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
803	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
804
805	ENDDO
806
807	!
808	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
809	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
810
811	!!
812	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
813	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
814	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
815	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
816	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
817	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
818	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
819	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
820	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
821	! ENDIF
822
823
824	!
825	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
826	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
827	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
828	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
829	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
830	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
831	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
832	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
833	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
834
835	!
836	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
837	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
838	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
839	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
840	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
841	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
842	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
843
844	!
845	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
846	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
847	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
848	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
849	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
850	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
851	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
852	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
853	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
854	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
855	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
856
857	!
858	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
859	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
860	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
861	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
862	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
863	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
864	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
865
866	!
867	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
868	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
869	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
870	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
871
872	!
873	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
874	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
875	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
876	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
877	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
878	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
879	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
880	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
881	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
882
883	!
884	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
885	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
886	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
887	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
888	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
889	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
890	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
891
892	!
893	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
894	i_hub(:) = 0
895	i_smear(:) = 0
896	j_hub(:) = 0
897	j_smear(:) = 0
898	k_hub(:) = 0
899	k_smear(:) = 0
900
901	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
902	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
903
904	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
905	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
906	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
907	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
908	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
909	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
910	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
911	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
912	ENDIF
913
914	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
915	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
916	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
917	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
918	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
919	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
920
921	!
922	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
923	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
924	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
925	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
926	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
927	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
928	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
929	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
930	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
931	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
932	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
933
934	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
935	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
936	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
937	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
938	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
939	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
940
941	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
942	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
943	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
944
945	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
946	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
947	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
948	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
949	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
950	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
951	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
952	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
953
954	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
955	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
956	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
957	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
958	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
959	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
960
961
962	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
963
964
965	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
966	! Description:
967	! ------------
968	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
969	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
970	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
971
972
973	USE control_parameters, &
974	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
975
976	IMPLICIT NONE
977
978	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
979	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
980	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
981
982	!
983	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
984	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
985
986	!
987	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
988	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
989	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
990
991	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
992
993	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
994	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
995	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
996	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
997
998	CALL location_message( 'initializing wind turbine model', .FALSE. )
999
1000	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
1001	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
1002	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
1003	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
1004
1005	!
1006	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1007	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1008	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1009	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1010	!
1011	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1012	!-- be calculated:
1013
1014	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1015	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1016	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1017	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1018	!
1019	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1020	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1021	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1022	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1023	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1024	!
1025	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1026	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1027	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1028	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1029	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
1030	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
1031	eps_min) THEN
1032	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1033	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1034	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
1035	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
1036	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1037	ENDIF
1038	!
1039	!-- Square of eps_min:
1040	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1041	!
1042	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1043	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1044	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1045	!
1046	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1047	!-- function:
1048	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1049
1050	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1051	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1052
1053	!
1054	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1055	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1056	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1057	ENDIF
1058
1059
1060	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1061	!
1062	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1063	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1064
1065	!
1066	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1067	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1068	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1069	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1070
1071	!
1072	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1073	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1074	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1075	!-- function of eps_min:
1076	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1077	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1078	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1079
1080	ENDDO
1081
1082	!
1083	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1084	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1085	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1086
1087	CALL wtm_speed_control
1088
1089	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1090
1091	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1092
1093	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1094	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1095	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1096	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1097	ENDIF
1098
1099	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1100	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1101	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1102	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1103	ENDIF
1104
1105	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1106	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1107	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1108	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1109	ENDIF
1110
1111	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1112	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1113	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1114	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1115	ENDIF
1116
1117	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1118	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1119
1120	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1121
1122	ENDIF
1123	ENDIF
1124
1125	END DO
1126
1127	ENDIF
1128
1129	ENDIF
1130
1131	!
1132	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1133	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1134	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1135	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1136	!
1137	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1138	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1139
1140	!
1141	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1142	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1143	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1144
1145	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1146
1147	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1148
1149
1150	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1151	!
1152	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1153	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1154	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1155	i = i_hub(inot)
1156
1157	!
1158	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1159	!-- grid point indices):
1160	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1161	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1162	!
1163	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1164	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1165	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1166	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1167	!-- in grid box 1.
1168	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1169	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1170
1171	!
1172	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1173	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1174	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1175	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1176
1177	!
1178	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1179	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1180	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1181
1182	DO j = nys, nyn
1183	!
1184	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1185	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1186
1187	DO k = nzb, nzt
1188
1189	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1190	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1191	!
1192	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1193	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1194	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1195	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1196	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1197	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1198	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1199	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1200	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1201	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1202	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1203	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1204	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1205	!
1206	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1207	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1208	ELSE
1209	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1210	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1211	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1212	ENDIF
1213	!
1214	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1215	ELSE
1216	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1217	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1218	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1219	ENDIF
1220	!
1221	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1222	!-- are carried out:
1223	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1224
1225	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1226	!
1227	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1228	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1229	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1230	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1231	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1232	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1233	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1234	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1235	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1236	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1237	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1238	!
1239	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1240	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1241	ELSE
1242	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1243	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1244	ENDIF
1245	!
1246	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1247	ELSE
1248	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1249	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1250	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1251
1252	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1253
1254	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1255
1256	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1257
1258	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1259
1260	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1261
1262
1263	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1264
1265	!
1266	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1267	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1268	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1269	!!
1270	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1271	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1272	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1273	!
1274	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1275	!
1276	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1277	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1278	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1279	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1280	!!
1281	!!-- bottom intersection point
1282	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1283	!!
1284	!!-- top intersection point
1285	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1286	! ELSE
1287	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1288	! ENDIF
1289	! ENDDO
1290	!
1291	!
1292	! DO j = nys, nyn
1293	!!
1294	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1295	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1296	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1297	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1298	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1299	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1300	!!
1301	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1302	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1303	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1304	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1305	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1306	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1307	!!
1308	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1309	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1310	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1311	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1312	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1313	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1314	! dz_int = dz
1315	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1316	!!
1317	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1318	!!-- within the current grid box:
1319	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1320	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1321	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1322	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1323	! ENDIF
1324	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1325	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1326	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1327	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1328	! ENDIF
1329	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1330	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1331	! ENDIF
1332	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1333	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1334	! ENDIF
1335	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1336	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1337	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1338	! ENDIF
1339	! ENDDO
1340	! ENDIF
1341	! ENDDO
1342	! ENDIF
1343	!
1344	! ENDDO
1345	!
1346	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1347
1348	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1349
1350	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1351	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1352
1353	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1354
1355	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1356
1357	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1358
1359
1360	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1361	! Description:
1362	! ------------
1363	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1364	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1365	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1366	!
1367	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1368
1369
1370	IMPLICIT NONE
1371
1372	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1373	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1374
1375	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1376
1377	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1378
1379	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1380	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1381	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1382	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1383	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1384	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1385	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1386	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1387	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1388	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1389
1390	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1391	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1392	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1393
1394	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1395	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1396
1397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1402
1403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1408
1409	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1410
1411	!
1412	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1413	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1414
1415	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1416
1417	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1418	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1419	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1420	ENDIF
1421	!
1422	!-- Read distribution table:
1423
1424	dlen = 0
1425
1426	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1427
1428	rloop3: DO
1429	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1430	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1431	dlen = dlen + 1
1432	ENDDO rloop3
1433
1434	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1435
1436	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1437	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1438	ENDDO
1439
1440	DO jj = 1,dlen
1441	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1442	ENDDO
1443
1444	!
1445	!-- Read layout table:
1446
1447	dlen = 0
1448
1449	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1450
1451	rloop1: DO
1452	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1453	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1454	dlen = dlen + 1
1455	ENDDO rloop1
1456
1457	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1458	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1459	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1460	ENDDO
1461	DO jj = 1, dlen
1462	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1463	ENDDO
1464
1465	!
1466	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1467
1468	dlen = 0
1469
1470	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1471
1472	rloop2: DO
1473	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1474	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1475	dlen = dlen + 1
1476	ENDDO rloop2
1477
1478	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1479	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1480
1481	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1482	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1483	ENDDO
1484
1485	DO jj = 1,dlen
1486	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1487	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1488	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1489	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1490	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1491	ENDDO
1492
1493	ENDDO
1494
1495	dlenbl = dlen
1496
1497	CLOSE ( 90 )
1498
1499	!
1500	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1501	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1502	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1503	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1504	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1505
1506	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1507	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1508	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1509	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1510
1511	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1512	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1513
1514	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1515	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1516
1517	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1518
1519	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1520	!
1521	!-- Find position in table 1
1522	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1523	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1524
1525	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1526	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1527	ENDIF
1528
1529	trow = lct(1)
1530	!
1531	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1532	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1533	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1534	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1535	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1536
1537	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1538	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1539	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1540	ENDIF
1541
1542	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1543	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1544	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1545	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1546	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1547
1548	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1549	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1550	! explicitly
1551	ELSE
1552	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1553	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1554	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1555	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1556	!
1557	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1558	!-- explicitly
1559	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1560	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1561	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1562	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1563	ENDIF
1564
1565	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1566
1567	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1568	ialpha = 1
1569
1570	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1571	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1572	ENDDO
1573
1574	!
1575	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1576	!-- segments and angles of attack
1577
1578	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1579	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1580	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1581	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1582	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1583	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1584	( alpha_attack_i - &
1585	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1586	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1587	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1588	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1589	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1590	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1591	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1592	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1593	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1594	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1595	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1596	( alpha_attack_i - &
1597	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1598	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1599	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1600	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1601	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1602
1603	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1604
1605	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1606
1607
1608	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1609
1610
1611	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1612	! Description:
1613	! ------------
1614	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1615	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1616	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1617	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1618
1619
1620	IMPLICIT NONE
1621
1622	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1623	!
1624	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1625	!-- the rotors
1626	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1627	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1628	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1629
1630	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1631	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1632	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1633
1634	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1635	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1636	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1637
1638	!
1639	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1640	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1641
1642	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1643	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1644	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1645	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1646	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1647	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1648	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1649	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1650	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1651	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1652	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1653	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1654	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1655	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1656	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1657	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1658	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1659	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1660	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1661	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1662	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1663	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1664	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1665	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1666
1667	!
1668	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1669	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1670	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1671	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1672	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1673
1674	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1675
1676
1677	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1678	! Description:
1679	! ------------
1680	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1681	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1682	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1683
1684
1685	IMPLICIT NONE
1686
1687	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1688
1689	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1690	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1691	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1692	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1693	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1694	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1695
1696	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1697	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1698	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1699
1700	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1701	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1702
1703	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1704
1705
1706	!
1707	! Variables for pitch control
1708	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1709
1710	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1711	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1712
1713	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1714
1715
1716	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1717
1718
1719	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1720
1721	!
1722	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1723	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1724	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1725	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1726	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1727	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1728	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1729	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1730	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1731	!
1732	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1733	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1734
1735	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1736	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1737	!
1738	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1739
1740	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1741	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1742	!$OMP DO
1743	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1744
1745	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1746	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1747	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1748	!
1749	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1750	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1751
1752	!
1753	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1754	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1755	!
1756	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1757	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1758	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1759	!
1760	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1761	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1762	!-- with y-axis):
1763	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1764	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1765	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1766
1767	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1768	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1769	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1770	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1771	re(3) = sin_rot
1772
1773	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1774	!
1775	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1776	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1777	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1778	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1779
1780	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1781	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1782	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1783	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1784	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1785
1786	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1787	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1788
1789	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1790	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1791
1792	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1793	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1794
1795	!
1796	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1797
1798	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1799	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1800	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1801	!
1802	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1803	!-- the current PE:
1804	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1805	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1806
1807	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1808	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1809	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1810	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1811	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1812	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1813	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1814	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1815	gg = dx * dy
1816
1817	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1818	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1819	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1820	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1821	) / gg
1822
1823	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1824	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1825	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1826	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1827	) / gg
1828
1829	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1830	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1831	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1832
1833	ELSE
1834	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1835	ENDIF
1836	ELSE
1837	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1838	ENDIF
1839
1840
1841	!
1842	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1843	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1844	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1845	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1846	!
1847	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1848	!-- the current PE:
1849	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1850	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1851
1852	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1853	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1854	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1855	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1856	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1857	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1858	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1859	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1860	gg = dx * dy
1861
1862	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1863	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1864	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1865	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1866	) / gg
1867
1868	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1869	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1870	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1871	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1872	) / gg
1873
1874	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1875	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1876	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1877
1878	ELSE
1879	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1880	ENDIF
1881	ELSE
1882	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1883	ENDIF
1884
1885
1886	!
1887	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1888	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1889	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1890	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1891	!
1892	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1893	!-- the current PE:
1894	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1895	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1896
1897	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1898	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1899	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1900	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1901	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1902	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1903	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1904	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1905	gg = dx * dy
1906
1907	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1908	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1909	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1910	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1911	) / gg
1912
1913	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1914	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1915	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1916	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1917	) / gg
1918
1919	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1920	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1921	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1922	ELSE
1923	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1924	ENDIF
1925	ELSE
1926	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1927	ENDIF
1928
1929	ENDDO
1930	ENDDO
1931	!$OMP END PARALLEL
1932
1933	ENDDO
1934
1935	!
1936	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1937	#if defined( __parallel )
1938	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1939	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1940	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1941	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1942	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1943	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1944	#else
1945	u_int = u_int_1_l
1946	v_int = v_int_1_l
1947	w_int = w_int_1_l
1948	#endif
1949
1950
1951	!
1952	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1953
1954	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1955	pit_loop: DO
1956
1957	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1958	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1959	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1960	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1961	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1962	ELSE
1963	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1964	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1965	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1966	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1967	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1968	ENDIF
1969	ENDIF
1970
1971	!
1972	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1973	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
1974	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
1975	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
1976	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
1977	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
1978	!$OMP DO
1979	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1980	!
1981	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1982	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1983	!
1984	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1985	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1986	!
1987	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1988	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1989	!-- with y-axis):
1990	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1991	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1992	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1993	!
1994	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1995	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1996	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1997	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1998	re(3) = sin_rot
1999
2000	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2001	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2002	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2003	rea(3) = cos_rot
2004
2005	!
2006	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2007	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2008	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2009	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2010	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2011	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2012	!
2013	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2014	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2015	!-- tilt:
2016	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2017	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2018	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2019	!
2020	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2021	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2022
2023	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2024
2025	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2026
2027	!
2028	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2029	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2030	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2031	!
2032	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2033	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2034	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2035	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2036	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2037	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2038	!
2039	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2040	!
2041	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2042	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2043	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2044	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2045	!
2046	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2047	!-- direction:
2048	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2049	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2050	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2051	!
2052	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2053	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2054
2055	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2056	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2057	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2058
2059	!
2060	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2061	!-- to the current radial position:
2062
2063	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2064	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2065
2066	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2067	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2068	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2069	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2070	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2071	ELSE
2072	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2073	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2074	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2075	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2076	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2077	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2078	ENDIF
2079
2080	!
2081	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2082	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2083	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2084	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2085	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2086	!
2087	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2088	!-- angle of attack:
2089	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2090	!
2091	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2092	!-- to angles given in degree:
2093	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2094	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2095	!
2096	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2097	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2098
2099	!
2100	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2101	!-- to the rotor:
2102	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2103	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2104	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2105
2106	!
2107	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2108	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2109	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2110	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2111
2112	!
2113	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2114	!-- the current radial position:
2115
2116	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2117	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2118	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2119	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2120	ELSE
2121	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2122	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2123	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2124	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2125	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2126	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2127	ENDIF
2128
2129	!
2130	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2131	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2132	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2133	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2134	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2135	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2136	!
2137	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2138	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2139	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2140	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2141	!
2142	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2143	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2144	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2145	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2146
2147	!
2148	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2149	!-- angles given in radian:
2150	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2151	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2152
2153	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2154
2155	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2156	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2157	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2158	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2159	!--
2160	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2161	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2162	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2163
2164	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2165
2166	ENDIF
2167	!
2168	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2169	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2170	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2171
2172	!
2173	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2174
2175	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2176	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2177
2178	!
2179	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2180	!-- for each ring segment:
2181	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2182	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2183	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2184
2185	!
2186	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2187	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2188	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2189	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2190	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2191	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2192	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2193	!
2194	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2195	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2196	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2197
2198	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2199	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2200
2201	!
2202	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2203	!$OMP CRITICAL
2204	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2205	thrust_seg(rseg)
2206
2207
2208	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2209	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2210
2211	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2212
2213	!
2214	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2215	!-- each ring:
2216	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2217	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2218	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2219
2220
2221	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2222	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2223
2224
2225	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2226
2227
2228	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2229	!
2230	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2231
2232	!
2233	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2234	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2235	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2236	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2237	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2238	( inertia_rot + &
2239	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2240
2241	!
2242	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2243	!-- and rotor speed
2244	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2245
2246	ENDIF
2247
2248	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2249
2250	!
2251	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2252	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2253	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2254	!-- gain
2255	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2256	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2257	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2258	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2259	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2260	!
2261	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2262	CYCLE pit_loop
2263	ENDIF
2264
2265	!
2266	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2267	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2268	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2269	ENDIF
2270	EXIT pit_loop
2271	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2272
2273
2274	!
2275	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2276
2277	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2278	!
2279	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2280	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2281	THEN
2282	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2283	THEN
2284	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2285	ENDIF
2286	ENDIF
2287
2288	ENDIF
2289
2290
2291	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2292
2293	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2294
2295
2296	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2297	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2298	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2299	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2300	!
2301	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2302	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2303	!
2304	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2305	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2306	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2307	!-- consideration
2308	!
2309	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2310	!-- of the model domain:
2311	!
2312	!--
2313	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2314	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2315	eps_min ) / dx )
2316	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2317	eps_min ) / dy )
2318
2319	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2320	!$OMP DO
2321	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2322	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2323	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2324	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2325	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2326	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2327	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2328	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2329	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2330	!
2331	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2332	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2333
2334	!
2335	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2336	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2337	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2338	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2339	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2340	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2341	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2342	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2343	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2344	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2345	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2346
2347	!
2348	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2349	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2350	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2351	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2352	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2353	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2354	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2355	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2356	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2357	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2358	flag
2359	ENDIF
2360	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2361	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2362	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2363	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2364	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2365	flag
2366	ENDIF
2367	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2368	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2369	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2370	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2371	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2372	flag
2373	ENDIF
2374
2375	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2376	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2377
2378	!
2379	!-- Rotation of force components:
2380	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2381	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2382	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2383	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2384	) * flag
2385
2386	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2387	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2388	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2389	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2390	) * flag
2391
2392	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2393	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2394	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2395	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2396	) * flag
2397
2398	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2399	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2400	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2401	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2402
2403	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2404
2405	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2406
2407
2408	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2409	!
2410	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2411	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2412	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2413	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2414	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2415	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2416	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2417
2418	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2419	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2420	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2421	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2422	start_up = .FALSE.
2423	ENDIF
2424
2425	!
2426	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2427	!--
2428	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2429	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2430	!
2431	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2432	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2433	THEN
2434	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2435	THEN
2436
2437	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2438
2439	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2440	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2441	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2442	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2443	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2444
2445	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2446
2447	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2448
2449	ENDIF
2450	ENDIF
2451
2452	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2453
2454	!
2455	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2456	#if defined( __parallel )
2457	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2458	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2459	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2460	comm2d, ierr )
2461	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2462	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2463	#else
2464	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2465	wdir = wdir_l
2466	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2467
2468
2469	#endif
2470	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2471	!
2472	!-- Update rotor orientation
2473	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2474
2475	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2476
2477	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2478
2479	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2480	!
2481	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2482	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2483	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2484	#if defined( __parallel )
2485	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2486	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2487	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2488	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2489	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2490	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2491	#else
2492	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2493	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2494	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2495	#endif
2496
2497	ENDIF
2498
2499	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2500
2501	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2502	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2503	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2504	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2505	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2506	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2507	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2508	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2509	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2510	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2511
2512	ELSE
2513
2514	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2515	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2516	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2517	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2518	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2519	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2520	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2521	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2522	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2523	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2524	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2525	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2526	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2527	ENDIF
2528	ENDIF
2529
2530	!-- Set open flag
2531	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2532	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2533
2534	ENDIF
2535
2536	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2537
2538	!
2539	!-- Formats
2540	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2541	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2542	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2543	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2544	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2545
2546	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2547	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2548
2549
2550	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2551
2552
2553	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2554	! Description:
2555	! ------------
2556	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2557	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2558	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2559
2560	USE kinds
2561
2562	IMPLICIT NONE
2563
2564	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2565	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2566	REAL(wp) :: missal
2567
2568	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2569
2570	!
2571	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2572	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2573	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2574	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2575	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2576	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2577	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2578	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2579	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2580	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2581	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2582	!
2583	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2584	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2585	!
2586	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2587	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2588	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2589	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2590	!
2591	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2592	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2593
2594	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2595	!
2596	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2597	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2598	!
2599	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2600	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2601	!
2602	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2603	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2604	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2605	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2606	ENDIF
2607	ENDIF
2608
2609	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2610
2611	!
2612	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2613	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2614	!-- than min_miss
2615
2616	ELSE
2617	!
2618	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2619	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2620	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2621	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2622	!
2623	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2624	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2625	!
2626	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2627	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2628	!
2629	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2630	!-- yaw direction is still right
2631	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2632	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2633	!
2634	!-- Continue yawing
2635	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2636	ELSE
2637	!
2638	!-- Stop yawing
2639	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2640	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2641	ENDIF
2642	ELSE
2643	!
2644	!-- Continue yawing
2645	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2646	ENDIF
2647
2648	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2649
2650	ENDIF
2651
2652	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2653
2654
2655	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2656	! Description:
2657	! ------------
2658	!> Initialization of the speed control
2659	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2660	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2661
2662
2663	IMPLICIT NONE
2664
2665	!
2666	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2667	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2668	!
2669	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2670	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2671	!
2672	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2673	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2674	!
2675	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2676	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2677	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2678	!
2679	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2680	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2681	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2682	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2683	!
2684	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2685	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2686	!
2687	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2688	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2689	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2690	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2691	ENDIF
2692
2693	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2694
2695
2696	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2697	! Description:
2698	! ------------
2699	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2700	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2701	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2702
2703
2704	IMPLICIT NONE
2705
2706	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2707
2708
2709
2710	!
2711	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2712	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2713	!-- offshore system developement"
2714
2715	!
2716	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2717	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2718	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2719	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2720	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2721
2722	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2723	!
2724	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2725	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2726
2727	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2728	!
2729	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2730	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2731
2732	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2733	!
2734	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2735	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2736	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2737
2738	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2739	!
2740	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2741	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2742
2743	ELSE
2744	!
2745	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2746	!-- keep the power constant:
2747	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2748
2749	ENDIF
2750	!
2751	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2752	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2753	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2754	!
2755	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2756	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2757	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2758	!
2759	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2760	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2761
2762
2763	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2764
2765
2766	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2767	! Description:
2768	! ------------
2769	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2770	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2771	!> Call for all grid points
2772	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2773	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2774
2775
2776	IMPLICIT NONE
2777
2778	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2779	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2780	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2781	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2782
2783
2784	SELECT CASE ( component )
2785
2786	CASE ( 1 )
2787	!
2788	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2789	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2790	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2791	DO j = nysg, nyng
2792	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2793	!
2794	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2795	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2796	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2797	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2798	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2799
2800	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2801	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2802	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2803	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2804	ENDDO
2805	ENDDO
2806	ENDDO
2807	ENDIF
2808
2809	CASE ( 2 )
2810	!
2811	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2812	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2813	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2814	DO j = nysg, nyng
2815	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2816	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2817	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2818	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2819	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2820	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2821	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2822	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2823	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2824	ENDDO
2825	ENDDO
2826	ENDDO
2827	ENDIF
2828
2829	CASE ( 3 )
2830	!
2831	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2832	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2833	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2834	DO j = nysg, nyng
2835	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2836	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2837	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2838	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2839	ENDDO
2840	ENDDO
2841	ENDDO
2842	ENDIF
2843
2844
2845	CASE DEFAULT
2846
2847	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2848	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2849
2850	END SELECT
2851
2852
2853	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2854
2855
2856	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2857	! Description:
2858	! ------------
2859	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2860	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2861	!> Call for grid point i,j
2862	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2863	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2864
2865
2866	IMPLICIT NONE
2867
2868	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2869	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2870	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2871	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2872
2873	SELECT CASE ( component )
2874
2875	CASE ( 1 )
2876	!
2877	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2878	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2879	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2880	!
2881	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2882	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2883	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2884	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2885	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2886	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2887	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2888	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2889	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2890	ENDDO
2891	ENDIF
2892
2893	CASE ( 2 )
2894	!
2895	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2896	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2897	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2898	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2899	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2900	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2901	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2902	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2903	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2904	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2905	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2906	ENDDO
2907	ENDIF
2908
2909	CASE ( 3 )
2910	!
2911	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2912	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2913	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2914	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2915	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2916	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2917	ENDDO
2918	ENDIF
2919
2920
2921	CASE DEFAULT
2922
2923	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2924	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2925
2926	END SELECT
2927
2928
2929	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2930
2931	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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