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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 3068

Last change on this file since 3068 was 3066, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
Error messages related to the new vertical grid stretching revised, Bugfix in IF statement before error message
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 120.3 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 3066 2018-06-12 08:55:55Z Giersch $
28	! Error message revised
29	!
30	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
31	! dz was replaced by dz(1), error message concerning grid stretching has been
32	! introduced
33	!
34	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
35	! Error messages revised
36	!
37	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
38	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
39	!
40	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
41	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
42	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
43	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
44	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
45	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
46	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
47	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
48	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
49	! restart data is read
50	!
51	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
52	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
53	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
54	! turbine model
55	!
56	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
57	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
58	! case of restart runs
59	!
60	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
61	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
62	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
63	!
64	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
65	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
66	!
67	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
68	! Change in file header (GPL part)
69	!
70	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
71	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
72	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
73	!
74	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
75	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
76	! parameters during reading restart data
77	!
78	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
79	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
80	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
81	! defined
82	!
83	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
84	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
85	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
86	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
87	!
88	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
89	! Revise error message PA0462
90	!
91	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
92	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
93	!
94	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
95	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
96	!
97	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
98	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
99	!
100	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
101	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
102	!
103	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
104	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
105	!
106	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
107	!
108	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
109	! Adjustments to new topography concept
110	!
111	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
112	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
113	! Addition of a tip loss model
114	!
115	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
116	! Bugfix of pitch control
117	!
118	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
119	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
120	!
121	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
122	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
123	!
124	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
125	! Initial revision
126	!
127	!
128	! Description:
129	! ------------
130	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
131	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
132	!> (ADM-R).
133	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
134	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
135	!> yaw.
136	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
137	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
138	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
139	!> automatically).
140	!>
141	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
142	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
143	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
144	!> @todo Generate header information
145	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
146	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
147	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
148	!> @todo Include additional output variables
149	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
150	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
151	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
152	!
153	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
154	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
155
156	USE arrays_3d, &
157	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
158
159	USE constants, &
160	ONLY: pi
161
162	USE control_parameters, &
163	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
164	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
165
166	USE cpulog, &
167	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
168
169	USE grid_variables, &
170	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
171
172	USE indices, &
173	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
174	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
175
176	USE kinds
177
178	USE pegrid
179
180
181	IMPLICIT NONE
182
183	PRIVATE
184
185	!
186	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
187
188	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
189	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
190
191	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
192	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
193	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
194	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
195
196	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
197	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
198	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
199	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
200	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
201	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
202
203	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
204	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
205	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
206	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
207	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
208	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
209	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
210	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
211	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
212	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
213	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
214
215	!
216	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
217	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
218
219	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
220	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
221	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
222	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
223	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
224	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
225	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
226	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
227	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
228	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
229	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
230	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
231	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
232	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
233
234
235	!
236	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
237
238	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
239	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
240	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
241
242	!
243	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
244	TYPE file_status
245	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
246	END TYPE file_status
247
248	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
249	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
250
251	!
252	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
253
254	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
255	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
256	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
257	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
258	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
259	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
260
261	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
262
263	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
264	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
265	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
266	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
267	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
268	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
269	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
270	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
271
272	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
273
274	!
275	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
276	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
277	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
278	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
279	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
280	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
281	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
282	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
283
284	!
285	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
290
291	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
292	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
293
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
296
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
299
300	!
301	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
302
303	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
304	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
305	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
306	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
307	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
308	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
309	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
310	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
311	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
312	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
313	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
314	!
315	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
316	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
317	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
318	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
319	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
320
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
330
331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
333
334	!
335	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
342
343	!
344	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
348
349	!
350	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
354
355	!
356	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
360
361	!
362	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
366	!
367	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
369
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
379
380	!
381	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
382
383	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
384
385	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
386	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
387	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
388	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
389	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
390	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
391	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
392	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
393
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
395
396	!
397	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
398
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
409	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
410	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
411	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
412
413	!
414	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
420	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
422
423
424	SAVE
425
426
427	INTERFACE wtm_parin
428	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
429	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
430
431	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
432	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
433	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
434
435	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
436	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
437	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
438
439	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
440	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
441	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
442
443	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
444	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
445	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
446
447	INTERFACE wtm_init
448	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
449	END INTERFACE wtm_init
450
451	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
452	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
453	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
454
455	INTERFACE wtm_forces
456	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
457	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
458
459	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
460	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
461	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
462
463	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
464	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
465	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
466
467	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
468	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
469	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
470	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
471
472	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
473	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
474	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
475	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
476
477
478	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
479	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
480
481
482	CONTAINS
483
484
485	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
486	! Description:
487	! ------------
488	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
489	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
490	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
491
492
493	IMPLICIT NONE
494
495	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
496
497	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
498
499	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
500	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
501	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
502	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
503	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
504	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
505	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
506	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
507	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
508	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
509
510	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
511	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
512	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
513	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
514	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
515	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
516	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
517	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
518	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
519	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
520	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
521	!
522	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
523	REWIND ( 11 )
524	line = ' '
525	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
526	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
527	ENDDO
528	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
529
530	!
531	!-- Read user-defined namelist
532	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, IOSTAT=ierrn )
533
534	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
535	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST found: ' // &
536	'End of file has reached'
537	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
538	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
539	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST: ' // &
540	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
541	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
542	ENDIF
543
544	!
545	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
546	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
547
548	GOTO 12
549
550	!
551	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
552	10 REWIND ( 11 )
553	line = ' '
554	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
555	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
556	ENDDO
557	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
558
559	!
560	!-- Read user-defined namelist
561	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
562
563	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
564	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
565	'End of file has reached'
566	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
567	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
568	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
569	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
570	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
571	ENDIF
572
573	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
574	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
575	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
576	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
577
578	!
579	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
580	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
581
582	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
583
584
585	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
586
587
588	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
589	! Description:
590	! ------------
591	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
592	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
593	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
594
595
596	IMPLICIT NONE
597
598
599	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
600	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
601
602	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
603	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
604
605	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
606	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
607
608	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
609	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
610
611	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
612	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
613
614	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
615	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
616
617	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
618	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
619
620	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
621	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
622
623	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
624	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
625
626	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
627	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
628
629
630	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
631
632
633	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
634	! Description:
635	! ------------
636	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
637	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
638	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
639
640
641	USE control_parameters, &
642	ONLY: length, restart_string
643
644
645	IMPLICIT NONE
646
647	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
648
649
650	found = .TRUE.
651
652
653	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
654
655	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
656	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
657	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
658	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
659	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
660	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
661	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
662	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
663	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
664	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
665	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
666	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
667	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
668	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
669	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
670	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
671	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
672	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
673	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
674	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
675
676	CASE DEFAULT
677
678	found = .FALSE.
679
680	END SELECT
681
682
683	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
684
685
686	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
687	! Description:
688	! ------------
689	!> Check namelist parameter
690	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
691	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
692
693
694	IMPLICIT NONE
695
696	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
697	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
698	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
699	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
700	ENDIF
701
702	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
703	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
704	'a value equal or larger than zero'
705	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
706	ENDIF
707
708
709	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
710	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
711	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
712
713	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
714	'have to be given for each turbine.'
715	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
716
717	ENDIF
718
719
720	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
721
722
723	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
724	! Description:
725	! ------------
726	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
727	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
728	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
729
730
731	IMPLICIT NONE
732
733	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
734	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
735
736	!
737	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
738	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
739
740	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
741	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
742
743	nrings(:) = 0
744	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
745
746	!
747	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
748	delta_r_factor = segment_width
749	delta_t_factor = segment_length
750	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
751
752	DO inot = 1, nturbines
753	!
754	!-- Determine number of rings:
755	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
756
757	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
758
759	ENDDO
760
761	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
762
763	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
764	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
765
766	nsegs(:,:) = 0
767	nsegs_total(:) = 0
768
769
770	DO inot = 1, nturbines
771	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
772	!
773	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
774	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
775	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
776	delta_t_factor ) )
777	ENDDO
778	!
779	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
780	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
781
782	ENDDO
783
784	!
785	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
786	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
787
788	!!
789	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
790	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
791	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
792	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
793	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
794	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
795	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
796	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
797	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
798	! ENDIF
799
800
801	!
802	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
803	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
804	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
805	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
806	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
807	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
808	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
809	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
810	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
811
812	!
813	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
814	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
815	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
816	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
817	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
818	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
819	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
820
821	!
822	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
823	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
824	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
825	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
826	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
827	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
828	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
829	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
830	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
831	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
832	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
833
834	!
835	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
836	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
837	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
838	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
839	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
840	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
841	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
842
843	!
844	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
845	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
846	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
847	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
848
849	!
850	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
851	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
852	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
853	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
854	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
855	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
856	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
857	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
858	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
859
860	!
861	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
862	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
863	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
864	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
865	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
866	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
867	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
868
869	!
870	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
871	i_hub(:) = 0
872	i_smear(:) = 0
873	j_hub(:) = 0
874	j_smear(:) = 0
875	k_hub(:) = 0
876	k_smear(:) = 0
877
878	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
879	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
880
881	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
882	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
883	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
884	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
885	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
886	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
887	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
888	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
889	ENDIF
890
891	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
892	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
893	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
894
895	!
896	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
897	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
898	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
899	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
900	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
901	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
902	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
903	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
904	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
905	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
906	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
907
908	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
909	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
910	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
911	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
912	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
913	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
914
915	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
916	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
917	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
918
919	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
920	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
921	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
922	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
923	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
924	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
925	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
926	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
927
928	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
929	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
930	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
931	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
932	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
933	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
934
935
936	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
937
938
939	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
940	! Description:
941	! ------------
942	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
943	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
944	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
945
946
947	USE control_parameters, &
948	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
949
950	IMPLICIT NONE
951
952	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
953	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
954	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
955
956	!
957	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
958	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
959
960	!
961	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
962	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
963	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
964	!
965	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
966	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
967	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
968
969	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
970	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
971	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
972
973	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
974
975	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
976	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
977	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
978	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
979
980	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
981	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
982	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
983	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
984
985	!
986	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
987	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
988	!-- (smearing of the forces)
989	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
990	!
991	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
992	!-- be calculated:
993
994	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
995	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
996	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
997	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
998	!
999	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1000	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1001	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1002	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1003	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1004	!
1005	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1006	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1007	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1008	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1009	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz) + MAXVAL(rr) + &
1010	eps_min) THEN
1011	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1012	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1013	'greater than ', MAXVAL(rcz) + &
1014	MAXVAL(rr) + eps_min
1015	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1016	ENDIF
1017	!
1018	!-- Square of eps_min:
1019	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1020	!
1021	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1022	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1023	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1024	!
1025	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1026	!-- function:
1027	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1028
1029	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1030	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1031
1032	!
1033	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1034	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1035	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1036	ENDIF
1037
1038
1039	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1040	!
1041	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1042	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1043
1044	!
1045	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1046	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1047	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1048	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1049
1050	!
1051	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1052	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1053	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1054	!-- function of eps_min:
1055	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1056	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1057	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1058
1059	ENDDO
1060
1061	!
1062	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1063	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1064	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1065
1066	CALL wtm_speed_control
1067
1068	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1069
1070	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1071
1072	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1073	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1074	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1075	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1076	ENDIF
1077
1078	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1079	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1080	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1081	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1082	ENDIF
1083
1084	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1085	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1086	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1087	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1088	ENDIF
1089
1090	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1091	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1092	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1093	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1094	ENDIF
1095
1096	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1097	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1098
1099	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1100
1101	ENDIF
1102	ENDIF
1103
1104	END DO
1105
1106	ENDIF
1107
1108	ENDIF
1109
1110	!
1111	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1112	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1113	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1114	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1115	!
1116	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1117	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1118
1119	!
1120	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1121	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1122	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1123
1124	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1125
1126	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1127
1128
1129	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1130	!
1131	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1132	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1133	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1134	i = i_hub(inot)
1135
1136	!
1137	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1138	!-- grid point indices):
1139	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1140	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1141	!
1142	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1143	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1144	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1145	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1146	!-- in grid box 1.
1147	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1148	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1149
1150	!
1151	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1152	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1153	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1154	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1155
1156	!
1157	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1158	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1159	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1160
1161	DO j = nys, nyn
1162	!
1163	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1164	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1165
1166	DO k = nzb, nzt
1167
1168	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1169	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1170	!
1171	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1172	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1173	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1174	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1175	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1176	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1177	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1178	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1179	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1180	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1181	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1182	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1183	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1184	!
1185	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1186	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1187	ELSE
1188	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1189	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1190	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1191	ENDIF
1192	!
1193	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1194	ELSE
1195	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1196	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1197	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1198	ENDIF
1199	!
1200	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1201	!-- are carried out:
1202	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1203
1204	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1205	!
1206	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1207	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1208	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1209	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1210	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1211	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1212	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1213	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1214	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1215	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1216	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1217	!
1218	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1219	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1220	ELSE
1221	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1222	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1223	ENDIF
1224	!
1225	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1226	ELSE
1227	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1228	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1229	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1230
1231	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1232
1233	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1234
1235	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1236
1237	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1238
1239	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1240
1241
1242	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1243
1244	!
1245	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1246	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1247	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1248	!!
1249	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1250	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1251	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1252	!
1253	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1254	!
1255	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1256	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1257	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1258	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1259	!!
1260	!!-- bottom intersection point
1261	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1262	!!
1263	!!-- top intersection point
1264	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1265	! ELSE
1266	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1267	! ENDIF
1268	! ENDDO
1269	!
1270	!
1271	! DO j = nys, nyn
1272	!!
1273	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1274	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1275	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1276	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1277	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1278	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1279	!!
1280	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1281	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1282	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1283	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1284	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1285	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1286	!!
1287	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1288	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1289	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1290	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1291	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1292	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1293	! dz_int = dz
1294	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1295	!!
1296	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1297	!!-- within the current grid box:
1298	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1299	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1300	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1301	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1302	! ENDIF
1303	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1304	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1305	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1306	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1307	! ENDIF
1308	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1309	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1310	! ENDIF
1311	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1312	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1313	! ENDIF
1314	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1315	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1316	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1317	! ENDIF
1318	! ENDDO
1319	! ENDIF
1320	! ENDDO
1321	! ENDIF
1322	!
1323	! ENDDO
1324	!
1325	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1326
1327	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1328
1329	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1330	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1331
1332	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1333
1334	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1335
1336
1337	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1338	! Description:
1339	! ------------
1340	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1341	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1342	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1343	!
1344	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1345
1346
1347	IMPLICIT NONE
1348
1349	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1350	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1351
1352	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1353
1354	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1355
1356	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1357	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1358	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1359	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1360	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1361	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1362	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1363	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1364	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1365	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1366
1367	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1368	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1369	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1370
1371	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1372	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1373
1374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1379
1380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1385
1386	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1387
1388	!
1389	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1390	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1391
1392	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1393
1394	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1395	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1396	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1397	ENDIF
1398	!
1399	!-- Read distribution table:
1400
1401	dlen = 0
1402
1403	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1404
1405	rloop3: DO
1406	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1407	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1408	dlen = dlen + 1
1409	ENDDO rloop3
1410
1411	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1412
1413	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1414	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1415	ENDDO
1416
1417	DO jj = 1,dlen
1418	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1419	ENDDO
1420
1421	!
1422	!-- Read layout table:
1423
1424	dlen = 0
1425
1426	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1427
1428	rloop1: DO
1429	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1430	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1431	dlen = dlen + 1
1432	ENDDO rloop1
1433
1434	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1435	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1436	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1437	ENDDO
1438	DO jj = 1, dlen
1439	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1440	ENDDO
1441
1442	!
1443	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1444
1445	dlen = 0
1446
1447	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1448
1449	rloop2: DO
1450	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1451	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1452	dlen = dlen + 1
1453	ENDDO rloop2
1454
1455	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1456	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1457
1458	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1459	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1460	ENDDO
1461
1462	DO jj = 1,dlen
1463	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1464	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1465	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1466	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1467	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1468	ENDDO
1469
1470	ENDDO
1471
1472	dlenbl = dlen
1473
1474	CLOSE ( 90 )
1475
1476	!
1477	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1478	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1479	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1480	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1481	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1482
1483	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1484	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1485	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1486	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1487
1488	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1489	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1490
1491	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1492	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1493
1494	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1495
1496	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1497	!
1498	!-- Find position in table 1
1499	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1500	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1501
1502	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1503	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1504	ENDIF
1505
1506	trow = lct(1)
1507	!
1508	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1509	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1510	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1511	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1512	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1513
1514	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1515	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1516	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1517	ENDIF
1518
1519	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1520	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1521	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1522	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1523	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1524
1525	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
1526	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1527	! explicitly
1528	ELSE
1529	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1530	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1531	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1532	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1533	!
1534	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1535	!-- explicitly
1536	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1537	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1538	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1539	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1540	ENDIF
1541
1542	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1543
1544	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1545	ialpha = 1
1546
1547	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1548	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1549	ENDDO
1550
1551	!
1552	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1553	!-- segments and angles of attack
1554	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1555	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1556	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1557	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1558	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1559	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1560	( alpha_attack_i - &
1561	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1562	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1563	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1564	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1565	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1566	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1567	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1568	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1569	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1570	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1571	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1572	( alpha_attack_i - &
1573	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1574	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1575	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1576	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1577	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1578
1579	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1580
1581	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1582
1583
1584	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1585
1586
1587	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1588	! Description:
1589	! ------------
1590	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1591	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1592	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1593	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1594
1595
1596	IMPLICIT NONE
1597
1598	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1599	!
1600	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1601	!-- the rotors
1602	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1603	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1604	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1605
1606	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1607	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1608	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1609
1610	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1611	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1612	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1613
1614	!
1615	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1616	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1617
1618	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1619	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1620	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1621	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1622	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1623	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1624	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1625	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1626	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1627	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1628	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1629	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1630	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1631	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1632	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1633	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1634	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1635	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1636	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1637	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1638	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1639	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1640	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1641	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1642
1643	!
1644	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1645	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1646	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1647	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1648	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1649
1650	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1651
1652
1653	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1654	! Description:
1655	! ------------
1656	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1657	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1658	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1659
1660
1661	IMPLICIT NONE
1662
1663	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1664
1665	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1666	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1667	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1668	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1669	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1670	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1671
1672	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1673	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1674	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1675
1676	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1677	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1678
1679	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1680
1681
1682	!
1683	! Variables for pitch control
1684	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1685	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1686
1687	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1688	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1689
1690	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1691
1692
1693	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1694
1695
1696	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1697
1698	!
1699	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1700	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1701	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1702	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1703	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1704	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1705	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1706	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1707	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1708	!
1709	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1710	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1711
1712	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1713	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1714	!
1715	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1716	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1717
1718	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1719	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1720	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1721	!
1722	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1723	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1724
1725	!
1726	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1727	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1728	!
1729	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1730	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1731	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1732	!
1733	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1734	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1735	!-- with y-axis):
1736	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1737	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1738	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1739
1740	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1741	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1742	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1743	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1744	re(3) = sin_rot
1745
1746	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1747	!
1748	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1749	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1750	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1751	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1752
1753	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1754	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1755	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1756	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1757	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1758
1759	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1760	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1761
1762	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1763	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1764
1765	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1766	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1767
1768	!
1769	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1770
1771	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1772	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1773	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1774	!
1775	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1776	!-- the current PE:
1777	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1778	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1779
1780	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1781	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1782	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1783	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1784	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1785	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1786	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1787	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1788	gg = dx * dy
1789
1790	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1791	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1792	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1793	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1794	) / gg
1795
1796	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1797	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1798	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1799	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1800	) / gg
1801
1802	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1803	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1804	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1805
1806	ELSE
1807	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1808	ENDIF
1809	ELSE
1810	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1811	ENDIF
1812
1813
1814	!
1815	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1816	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1817	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1818	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1819	!
1820	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1821	!-- the current PE:
1822	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1823	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1824
1825	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1826	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1827	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1828	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1829	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1830	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1831	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1832	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1833	gg = dx * dy
1834
1835	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1836	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1837	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1838	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1839	) / gg
1840
1841	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1842	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1843	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1844	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1845	) / gg
1846
1847	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1848	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1849	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1850
1851	ELSE
1852	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1853	ENDIF
1854	ELSE
1855	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1856	ENDIF
1857
1858
1859	!
1860	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1861	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1862	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1863	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1864	!
1865	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1866	!-- the current PE:
1867	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1868	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1869
1870	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1871	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1872	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1873	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1874	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1875	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1876	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1877	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1878	gg = dx * dy
1879
1880	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1881	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1882	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1883	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1884	) / gg
1885
1886	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1887	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1888	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1889	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1890	) / gg
1891
1892	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1893	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1894	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1895	ELSE
1896	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1897	ENDIF
1898	ELSE
1899	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1900	ENDIF
1901
1902	ENDDO
1903	ENDDO
1904
1905	ENDDO
1906
1907	!
1908	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1909	#if defined( __parallel )
1910	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1911	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1912	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1913	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1914	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1915	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1916	#else
1917	u_int = u_int_1_l
1918	v_int = v_int_1_l
1919	w_int = w_int_1_l
1920	#endif
1921
1922
1923	!
1924	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1925
1926	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1927	pit_loop: DO
1928
1929	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1930	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1931	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1932	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1933	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1934	ELSE
1935	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1936	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1937	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1938	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1939	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1940	ENDIF
1941	ENDIF
1942
1943	!
1944	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1945	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1946	!
1947	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1948	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1949	!
1950	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1951	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1952	!
1953	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1954	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1955	!-- with y-axis):
1956	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1957	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1958	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1959	!
1960	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1961	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1962	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1963	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1964	re(3) = sin_rot
1965
1966	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1967	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1968	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1969	rea(3) = cos_rot
1970
1971	!
1972	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1973	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1974	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1975	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1976	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1977	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1978	!
1979	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1980	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1981	!-- tilt:
1982	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1983	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1984	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1985	!
1986	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1987	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1988
1989	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1990
1991	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1992
1993	!
1994	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1995	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1996	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1997	!
1998	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1999	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2000	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2001	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2002	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2003	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2004	!
2005	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2006	!
2007	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2008	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2009	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2010	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2011	!
2012	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2013	!-- direction:
2014	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2015	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2016	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2017	!
2018	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2019	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2020
2021	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2022	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2023	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2024
2025	!
2026	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2027	!-- to the current radial position:
2028
2029	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2030	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2031
2032	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2033	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2034	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2035	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2036	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2037	ELSE
2038	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2039	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2040	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2041	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2042	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2043	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2044	ENDIF
2045
2046	!
2047	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2048	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2049	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2050	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2051	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2052	!
2053	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2054	!-- angle of attack:
2055	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2056	!
2057	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2058	!-- to angles given in degree:
2059	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2060	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2061	!
2062	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2063	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
2064
2065	!
2066	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2067	!-- to the rotor:
2068	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2069	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2070	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2071
2072	!
2073	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2074	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2075	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2076	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2077
2078	!
2079	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2080	!-- the current radial position:
2081
2082	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2083	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2084	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2085	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2086	ELSE
2087	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2088	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2089	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2090	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2091	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2092	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2093	ENDIF
2094
2095	!
2096	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2097	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2098	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2099	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2100	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2101	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2102	!
2103	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2104	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2105	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2106	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2107	!
2108	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2109	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2110	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2111	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2112
2113	!
2114	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2115	!-- angles given in radian:
2116	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2117	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2118
2119	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2120
2121	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2122	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2123	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2124	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2125	!--
2126	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2127	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2128	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2129
2130	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2131
2132	ENDIF
2133	!
2134	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2135	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2136	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2137
2138	!
2139	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2140
2141	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2142	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2143
2144	!
2145	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2146	!-- for each ring segment:
2147	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2148	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2149	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2150
2151	!
2152	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2153	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2154	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2155	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2156	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2157	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2158	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2159	!
2160	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2161	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2162	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2163
2164	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2165	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2166
2167	!
2168	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2169	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2170	thrust_seg(rseg)
2171
2172
2173	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2174
2175	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2176
2177	!
2178	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2179	!-- each ring:
2180	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2181	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2182	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2183
2184
2185	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2186
2187
2188	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2189
2190
2191	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2192	!
2193	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2194
2195	!
2196	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2197	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2198	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2199	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2200	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2201	( inertia_rot + &
2202	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2203
2204	!
2205	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2206	!-- and rotor speed
2207	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2208
2209	ENDIF
2210
2211	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2212
2213	!
2214	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2215	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2216	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2217	!-- gain
2218	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2219	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2220	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2221	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2222	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2223	!
2224	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2225	CYCLE pit_loop
2226	ENDIF
2227
2228	!
2229	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2230	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2231	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2232	ENDIF
2233	EXIT pit_loop
2234	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2235
2236
2237	!
2238	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2239
2240	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2241	!
2242	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2243	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2244	THEN
2245	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2246	THEN
2247	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2248	ENDIF
2249	ENDIF
2250
2251	ENDIF
2252
2253
2254	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2255
2256	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2257
2258
2259	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2260	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2261	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2262	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2263	!
2264	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2265	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2266	!
2267	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2268	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2269	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2270	!-- consideration
2271	!
2272	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2273	!-- of the model domain:
2274	!
2275	!--
2276	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2277	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2278	eps_min ) / dx )
2279	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2280	eps_min ) / dy )
2281
2282	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2283	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2284	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2285	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2286	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2287	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2288	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2289	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2290	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2291	!
2292	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2293	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2294
2295	!
2296	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2297	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2298	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2299	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2300	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2301	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2302	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2303	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2304	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2305	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2306	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2307
2308	!
2309	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2310	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2311	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2312	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2313	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2314	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2315	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2316	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2317	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2318	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2319	flag
2320	ENDIF
2321	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2322	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2323	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2324	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2325	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2326	flag
2327	ENDIF
2328	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2329	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2330	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2331	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2332	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2333	flag
2334	ENDIF
2335
2336	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2337	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2338
2339	!
2340	!-- Rotation of force components:
2341	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2342	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2343	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2344	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2345	) * flag
2346
2347	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2348	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2349	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2350	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2351	) * flag
2352
2353	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2354	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2355	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2356	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2357	) * flag
2358
2359	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2360	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2361	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2362
2363	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2364
2365	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2366
2367
2368	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2369	!
2370	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2371	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2372	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2373	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2374	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2375	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2376	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2377
2378	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2379	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2380	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2381	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2382	start_up = .FALSE.
2383	ENDIF
2384
2385	!
2386	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2387	!--
2388	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2389	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2390	!
2391	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2392	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2393	THEN
2394	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2395	THEN
2396
2397	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2398
2399	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2400	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2401	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2402	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2403	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2404
2405	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2406
2407	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2408
2409	ENDIF
2410	ENDIF
2411
2412	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2413
2414	!
2415	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2416	#if defined( __parallel )
2417	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2418	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2419	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2420	comm2d, ierr )
2421	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2422	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2423	#else
2424	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2425	wdir = wdir_l
2426	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2427
2428
2429	#endif
2430	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2431	!
2432	!-- Update rotor orientation
2433	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2434
2435	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2436
2437	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2438
2439	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2440	!
2441	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2442	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2443	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2444	#if defined( __parallel )
2445	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2446	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2447	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2448	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2449	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2450	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2451	#else
2452	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2453	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2454	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2455	#endif
2456
2457	ENDIF
2458
2459	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2460
2461	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2462	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2463	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2464	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2465	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2466	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2467	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2468	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2469	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2470	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2471
2472	ELSE
2473
2474	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2475	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2476	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2477	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2478	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2479	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2480	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2481	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2482	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2483	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2484	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2485	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2486	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2487	ENDIF
2488	ENDIF
2489
2490	!-- Set open flag
2491	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2492	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2493
2494	ENDIF
2495
2496	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2497
2498	!
2499	!-- Formats
2500	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2501	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2502	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2503	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2504	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2505
2506	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2507	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2508
2509
2510	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2511
2512
2513	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2514	! Description:
2515	! ------------
2516	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2518	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2519
2520	USE kinds
2521
2522	IMPLICIT NONE
2523
2524	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2525	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2526	REAL(wp) :: missal
2527
2528	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2529
2530	!
2531	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2532	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2533	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2534	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2535	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2536	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2537	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2538	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2539	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2540	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2541	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2542	!
2543	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2544	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2545	!
2546	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2547	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2548	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2549	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2550	!
2551	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2552	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2553
2554	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2555	!
2556	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2557	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2558	!
2559	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2560	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2561	!
2562	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2563	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2564	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2565	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2566	ENDIF
2567	ENDIF
2568
2569	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2570
2571	!
2572	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2573	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2574	!-- than min_miss
2575
2576	ELSE
2577	!
2578	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2579	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2580	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2581	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2582	!
2583	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2584	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2585	!
2586	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2587	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2588	!
2589	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2590	!-- yaw direction is still right
2591	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2592	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2593	!
2594	!-- Continue yawing
2595	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2596	ELSE
2597	!
2598	!-- Stop yawing
2599	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2600	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2601	ENDIF
2602	ELSE
2603	!
2604	!-- Continue yawing
2605	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2606	ENDIF
2607
2608	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2609
2610	ENDIF
2611
2612	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2613
2614
2615	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2616	! Description:
2617	! ------------
2618	!> Initialization of the speed control
2619	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2620	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2621
2622
2623	IMPLICIT NONE
2624
2625	!
2626	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2627	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2628	!
2629	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2630	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2631	!
2632	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2633	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2634	!
2635	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2636	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2637	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2638	!
2639	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2640	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2641	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2642	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2643	!
2644	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2645	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2646	!
2647	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2648	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2649	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2650	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2651	ENDIF
2652
2653	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2654
2655
2656	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2657	! Description:
2658	! ------------
2659	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2660	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2661	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2662
2663
2664	IMPLICIT NONE
2665
2666	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2667
2668
2669
2670	!
2671	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2672	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2673	!-- offshore system developement"
2674
2675	!
2676	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2677	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2678	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2679	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2680	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2681
2682	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2683	!
2684	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2685	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2686
2687	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2688	!
2689	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2690	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2691
2692	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2693	!
2694	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2695	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2696	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2697
2698	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2699	!
2700	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2701	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2702
2703	ELSE
2704	!
2705	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2706	!-- keep the power constant:
2707	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2708
2709	ENDIF
2710	!
2711	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2712	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2713	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2714	!
2715	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2716	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2717	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2718	!
2719	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2720	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2721
2722
2723	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2724
2725
2726	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2727	! Description:
2728	! ------------
2729	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2730	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2731	!> Call for all grid points
2732	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2733	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2734
2735
2736	IMPLICIT NONE
2737
2738	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2739	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2740	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2741	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2742
2743
2744	SELECT CASE ( component )
2745
2746	CASE ( 1 )
2747	!
2748	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2749	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2750	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2751	DO j = nysg, nyng
2752	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2753	!
2754	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2755	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2756	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2757	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2758	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2759
2760	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2761	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2762	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2763	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2764	ENDDO
2765	ENDDO
2766	ENDDO
2767	ENDIF
2768
2769	CASE ( 2 )
2770	!
2771	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2772	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2773	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2774	DO j = nysg, nyng
2775	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2776	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2777	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2778	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2779	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2780	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2781	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2782	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2783	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2784	ENDDO
2785	ENDDO
2786	ENDDO
2787	ENDIF
2788
2789	CASE ( 3 )
2790	!
2791	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2792	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2793	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2794	DO j = nysg, nyng
2795	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2796	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2797	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2798	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2799	ENDDO
2800	ENDDO
2801	ENDDO
2802	ENDIF
2803
2804
2805	CASE DEFAULT
2806
2807	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2808	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2809
2810	END SELECT
2811
2812
2813	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2814
2815
2816	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2817	! Description:
2818	! ------------
2819	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2820	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2821	!> Call for grid point i,j
2822	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2823	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2824
2825
2826	IMPLICIT NONE
2827
2828	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2829	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2830	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2831	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2832
2833	SELECT CASE ( component )
2834
2835	CASE ( 1 )
2836	!
2837	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2838	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2839	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2840	!
2841	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2842	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2843	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2844	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2845	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2846	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2847	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2848	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2849	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2850	ENDDO
2851	ENDIF
2852
2853	CASE ( 2 )
2854	!
2855	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2856	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2857	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2858	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2859	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2860	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2861	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2862	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2863	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2864	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2865	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2866	ENDDO
2867	ENDIF
2868
2869	CASE ( 3 )
2870	!
2871	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2872	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2873	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2874	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2875	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2876	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2877	ENDDO
2878	ENDIF
2879
2880
2881	CASE DEFAULT
2882
2883	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2884	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2885
2886	END SELECT
2887
2888
2889	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2890
2891	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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