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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2865

Last change on this file since 2865 was 2836, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients during initialization, default value of dt_dopr_listing is set to zero to allow header output
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File size: 117.5 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z kanani $
28	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
29	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
30	! turbine model
31	!
32	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
33	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
34	! case of restart runs
35	!
36	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
37	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
38	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
39	!
40	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
41	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
42	!
43	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
44	! Change in file header (GPL part)
45	!
46	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
47	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
48	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
49	!
50	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
51	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_var_list to skip module
52	! parameters during reading restart data
53	!
54	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
55	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
56	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
57	! defined
58	!
59	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
60	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
61	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
62	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
63	!
64	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
65	! Revise error message PA0462
66	!
67	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
68	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
69	!
70	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
71	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
72	!
73	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
74	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
75	!
76	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
77	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
78	!
79	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
80	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
81	!
82	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
83	!
84	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
85	! Adjustments to new topography concept
86	!
87	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
88	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
89	! Addition of a tip loss model
90	!
91	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
92	! Bugfix of pitch control
93	!
94	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
95	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
96	!
97	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
98	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
99	!
100	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
101	! Initial revision
102	!
103	!
104	! Description:
105	! ------------
106	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
107	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
108	!> (ADM-R).
109	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
110	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
111	!> yaw.
112	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
113	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
114	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
115	!> automatically).
116	!>
117	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
118	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
119	!> @todo Generate header information
120	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
121	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
122	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
123	!> @todo Include additional output variables
124	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
125	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
126	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
127	!
128	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
129	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
130
131	USE arrays_3d, &
132	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
133
134	USE constants, &
135	ONLY: pi
136
137	USE control_parameters, &
138	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
139	wind_turbine, wind_turbine_prerun, initializing_actions
140
141	USE cpulog, &
142	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
143
144	USE grid_variables, &
145	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
146
147	USE indices, &
148	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
149	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
150
151	USE kinds
152
153	USE pegrid
154
155
156	IMPLICIT NONE
157
158	PRIVATE
159
160	!
161	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
162
163	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
164	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
165
166	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
167	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
168	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
169	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
170
171	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
172	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
173	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
174	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
175	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
176	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
177
178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
179	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
180	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
181	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
182	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
183	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
184	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
185	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
186	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
187	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
188	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
189
190	!
191	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
192	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
193
194	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
195	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
196	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
197	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
198	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
199	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
200	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
201	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
202	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
203	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
204	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
205	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
206	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
207	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
208
209
210	!
211	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
212
213	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
214	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
215	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
216
217	!
218	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
219	TYPE file_status
220	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
221	END TYPE file_status
222
223	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
224	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
225
226	!
227	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
228
229	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
230	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
231	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
232	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
233	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
234	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
235
236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
237
238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
239	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
240	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
241	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
242	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
243	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
244	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
245	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
246
247	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
248
249	!
250	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
251	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
252	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
253	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
254	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
255	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
256	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
257	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
258
259	!
260	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
265
266	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
267	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
268
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
271
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
274
275	!
276	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
277
278	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
279	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
280	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
281	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
282	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
283	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
284	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
285	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
286	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
287	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
288	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
289	!
290	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
291	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
292	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
293	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
294	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
295
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
305
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
308
309	!
310	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
317
318	!
319	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
323
324	!
325	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
329
330	!
331	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
335
336	!
337	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
341	!
342	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
344
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
354
355	!
356	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
357
358	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
359
360	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
361	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
362	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
363	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
364	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
365	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
366	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
367	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
368
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
370
371	!
372	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
373
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
384	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
385	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
386	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
387
388	!
389	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
397
398
399	SAVE
400
401
402	INTERFACE wtm_parin
403	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
404	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
405
406	INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
407	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_skip_var_list
408	END INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
409
410	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
411	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
412	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
413
414	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
415	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
416	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
417
418	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
419	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
420	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
421
422	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
423	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
424	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
425
426	INTERFACE wtm_init
427	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
428	END INTERFACE wtm_init
429
430	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
431	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
432	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
433
434	INTERFACE wtm_forces
435	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
436	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
437
438	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
439	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
440	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
441
442	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
443	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
444	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
445
446	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
447	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
448	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
449	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
450
451	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
452	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
453	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
454	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
455
456
457	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
458	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies, wtm_skip_var_list
459
460
461	CONTAINS
462
463
464	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
465	! Description:
466	! ------------
467	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
468	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
469	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
470
471
472	IMPLICIT NONE
473
474	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
475
476	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
477
478	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
479	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
480	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
481	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
482	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
483	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
484	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
485	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
486	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
487	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
488
489	!
490	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
491	REWIND ( 11 )
492	line = ' '
493	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
494	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
495	ENDDO
496	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
497
498	!
499	!-- Read user-defined namelist
500	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
501
502	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
503	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
504	'End of file has reached'
505	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
506	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
507	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
508	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
509	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
510	ENDIF
511
512	!
513	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
514	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
515
516	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
517	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
518	ENDIF
519
520	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
521
522
523	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
524
525
526	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
527	! Description:
528	! ------------
529	!> Skipping the wind turbine module variables from restart-file (binary format).
530	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
531	SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
532
533	IMPLICIT NONE
534
535	CHARACTER (LEN=1) :: cdum
536	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr
537
538	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
539
540	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
541
542	READ ( 13 ) cdum
543	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
544
545	ENDDO
546
547	END SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
548
549
550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
551	! Description:
552	! ------------
553	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
555	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
556
557	IMPLICIT NONE
558
559	wind_turbine_prerun = .TRUE.
560
561	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
562	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
563	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
564	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
565	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
566	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
567	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
568	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
569	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
570	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
571	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
572	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
573	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
574	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
575	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
576	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
577	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
578	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
579	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
580	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
581	WRITE ( 14 ) 'wind_turbine_prerun '
582	WRITE ( 14 ) wind_turbine_prerun
583
584	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
585
586	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
587
588
589	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
590	! Description:
591	! ------------
592	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
593	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
594	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
595
596
597	IMPLICIT NONE
598
599	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
600
601
602	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
603	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
604
605	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
606
607	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
608	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
609	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
610	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
611	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
612	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
613	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
614	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
615	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
616	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
617	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
618	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
619	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
620	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
621	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
622	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
623	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
624	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
625	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
626	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
627	CASE ( 'wind_turbine_prerun' )
628	READ ( 13 ) wind_turbine_prerun
629
630	END SELECT
631
632	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
633
634	ENDDO
635
636	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
637
638
639	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
640	! Description:
641	! ------------
642	!> Check namelist parameter
643	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
644	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
645
646
647	IMPLICIT NONE
648
649	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
650	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
651	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
652	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
653	ENDIF
654
655	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
656	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
657	'a value equal or larger than zero'
658	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
659	ENDIF
660
661
662	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
663	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
664	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
665
666	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
667	'have to be given for each turbine.'
668	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
669
670	ENDIF
671
672
673	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
674
675
676	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
677	! Description:
678	! ------------
679	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
680	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
681	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
682
683
684	IMPLICIT NONE
685
686	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
687	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
688
689	!
690	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
691	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
692
693	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
694	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
695
696	nrings(:) = 0
697	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
698
699	!
700	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
701	delta_r_factor = segment_width
702	delta_t_factor = segment_length
703	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
704
705	DO inot = 1, nturbines
706	!
707	!-- Determine number of rings:
708	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
709
710	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
711
712	ENDDO
713
714	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
715
716	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
717	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
718
719	nsegs(:,:) = 0
720	nsegs_total(:) = 0
721
722
723	DO inot = 1, nturbines
724	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
725	!
726	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
727	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
728	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
729	delta_t_factor ) )
730	ENDDO
731	!
732	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
733	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
734
735	ENDDO
736
737	!
738	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
739	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
740
741	!!
742	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
743	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
744	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
745	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
746	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
747	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
748	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
749	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
750	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
751	! ENDIF
752
753
754	!
755	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
756	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
757	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
758	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
759	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
760	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
761	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
762	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
763	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
764
765	!
766	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
767	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
768	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
769	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
770	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
771	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
772	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
773
774	!
775	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
776	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
777	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
778	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
779	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
780	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
781	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
782	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
783	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
784	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
785	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
786
787	!
788	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
789	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
790	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
791	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
792	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
793	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
794	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
795
796	!
797	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
798	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
799	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
800	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
801
802	!
803	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
804	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
805	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
806	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
807	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
808	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
809	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
810	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
811	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
812
813	!
814	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
815	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
816	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
817	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
818	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
819	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
820	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
821
822	!
823	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
824	i_hub(:) = 0
825	i_smear(:) = 0
826	j_hub(:) = 0
827	j_smear(:) = 0
828	k_hub(:) = 0
829	k_smear(:) = 0
830
831	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
832	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
833
834	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
835	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
836	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
837	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
838	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
839	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
840	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
841	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
842	ENDIF
843
844	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
845	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
846	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
847
848	!
849	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
850	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
851	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
852	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
853	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
854	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
855	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
856	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
857	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
858	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
859	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
860
861	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
862	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
863	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
864	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
865	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
866	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
867
868	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
869	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
870	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
871
872	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
873	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
874	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
875	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
876	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
877	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
878	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
879	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
880
881	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
882	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
883	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
884	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
885	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
886	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
887
888
889	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
890
891
892	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
893	! Description:
894	! ------------
895	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
896	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
897	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
898
899
900	IMPLICIT NONE
901
902	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
903	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
904	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
905
906	!
907	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
908	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
909
910	!
911	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
912	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
913	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
914	!
915	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
916	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
917	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
918
919	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
920	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
921	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
922
923	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
924
925	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
926	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
927	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
928	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
929
930	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
931	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
932	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
933	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
934
935	!
936	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
937	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
938	!-- (smearing of the forces)
939	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
940	!
941	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
942	!-- be calculated:
943
944	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
945	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
946	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
947	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
948	!
949	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
950	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
951	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
952	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
953	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
954	!
955	!-- Square of eps_min:
956	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
957	!
958	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
959	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
960	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
961	!
962	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
963	!-- function:
964	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
965
966	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
967	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
968
969	!
970	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
971	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
972	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
973	ENDIF
974
975
976	DO inot = 1, nturbines
977	!
978	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
979	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
980
981	!
982	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
983	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
984	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
985	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
986
987	!
988	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
989	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
990	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
991	!-- function of eps_min:
992	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
993	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
994	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
995
996	ENDDO
997
998	!
999	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1000	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1001	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1002
1003	CALL wtm_speed_control
1004
1005	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1006
1007	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1008
1009	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1010	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1011	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1012	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1013	ENDIF
1014
1015	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1016	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1017	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1018	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1019	ENDIF
1020
1021	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1022	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1023	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1024	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1025	ENDIF
1026
1027	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1028	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1029	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1030	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1031	ENDIF
1032
1033	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1034	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1035
1036	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1037
1038	ENDIF
1039	ENDIF
1040
1041	END DO
1042
1043	ENDIF
1044
1045	ENDIF
1046
1047	!
1048	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1049	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1050	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1051	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1052	!
1053	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1054	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1055
1056	!
1057	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1058	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1059	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1060
1061	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1062
1063	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1064
1065
1066	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1067	!
1068	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1069	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1070	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1071	i = i_hub(inot)
1072
1073	!
1074	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1075	!-- grid point indices):
1076	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1077	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1078	!
1079	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1080	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1081	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1082	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1083	!-- in grid box 1.
1084	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1085	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1086
1087	!
1088	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1089	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1090	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1091	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1092
1093	!
1094	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1095	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1096	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1097
1098	DO j = nys, nyn
1099	!
1100	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1101	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1102
1103	DO k = nzb, nzt
1104
1105	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1106	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1107	!
1108	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1109	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1110	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1111	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1112	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1113	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1114	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1115	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1116	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1117	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1118	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1119	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1120	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1121	!
1122	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1123	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1124	ELSE
1125	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1126	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1127	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1128	ENDIF
1129	!
1130	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1131	ELSE
1132	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1133	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1134	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1135	ENDIF
1136	!
1137	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1138	!-- are carried out:
1139	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1140
1141	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1142	!
1143	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1144	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1145	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1146	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1147	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1148	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1149	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1150	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1151	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1152	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1153	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1154	!
1155	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1156	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1157	ELSE
1158	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1159	ENDIF
1160	!
1161	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1162	ELSE
1163	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
1164	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1165	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1166
1167	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1168
1169	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1170
1171	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1172
1173	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1174
1175	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1176
1177
1178	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1179
1180	!
1181	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1182	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1183	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1184	!!
1185	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1186	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1187	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1188	!
1189	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1190	!
1191	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1192	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1193	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1194	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1195	!!
1196	!!-- bottom intersection point
1197	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1198	!!
1199	!!-- top intersection point
1200	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1201	! ELSE
1202	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1203	! ENDIF
1204	! ENDDO
1205	!
1206	!
1207	! DO j = nys, nyn
1208	!!
1209	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1210	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1211	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1212	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1213	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1214	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1215	!!
1216	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1217	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1218	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1219	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1220	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1221	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1222	!!
1223	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1224	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1225	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1226	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1227	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1228	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1229	! dz_int = dz
1230	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1231	!!
1232	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1233	!!-- within the current grid box:
1234	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1235	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1236	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1237	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1238	! ENDIF
1239	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1240	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1241	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1242	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1243	! ENDIF
1244	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1245	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1246	! ENDIF
1247	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1248	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1249	! ENDIF
1250	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1251	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1252	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1253	! ENDIF
1254	! ENDDO
1255	! ENDIF
1256	! ENDDO
1257	! ENDIF
1258	!
1259	! ENDDO
1260	!
1261	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1262
1263	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1264
1265	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
1266	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1267
1268	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1269
1270	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1271
1272
1273	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1274	! Description:
1275	! ------------
1276	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1277	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1278	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1279	!
1280	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1281
1282
1283	IMPLICIT NONE
1284
1285	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1286	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1287
1288	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1289
1290	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1291
1292	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1293	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1294	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1295	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1296	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1297	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1298	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1299	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1300	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1301	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1302
1303	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1304	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1305	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1306
1307	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1308	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1309
1310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1315
1316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1321
1322	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1323
1324	!
1325	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1326	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1327
1328	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1329
1330	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1331	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1332	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1333	ENDIF
1334	!
1335	!-- Read distribution table:
1336
1337	dlen = 0
1338
1339	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1340
1341	rloop3: DO
1342	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1343	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1344	dlen = dlen + 1
1345	ENDDO rloop3
1346
1347	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1348
1349	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1350	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1351	ENDDO
1352
1353	DO jj = 1,dlen
1354	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1355	ENDDO
1356
1357	!
1358	!-- Read layout table:
1359
1360	dlen = 0
1361
1362	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1363
1364	rloop1: DO
1365	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1366	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1367	dlen = dlen + 1
1368	ENDDO rloop1
1369
1370	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1371	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1372	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1373	ENDDO
1374	DO jj = 1, dlen
1375	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1376	ENDDO
1377
1378	!
1379	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1380
1381	dlen = 0
1382
1383	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1384
1385	rloop2: DO
1386	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1387	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1388	dlen = dlen + 1
1389	ENDDO rloop2
1390
1391	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1392	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1393
1394	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1395	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1396	ENDDO
1397
1398	DO jj = 1,dlen
1399	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1400	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1401	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1402	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1403	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1404	ENDDO
1405
1406	ENDDO
1407
1408	dlenbl = dlen
1409
1410	CLOSE ( 90 )
1411
1412	!
1413	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1414	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1415	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1416	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1417	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1418
1419	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1420	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1421	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1422	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1423
1424	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1425	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1426
1427	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1428	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1429
1430	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1431
1432	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1433	!
1434	!-- Find position in table 1
1435	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1436	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1437
1438	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1439	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1440	ENDIF
1441
1442	trow = lct(1)
1443	!
1444	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1445	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1446	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1447	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1448	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1449
1450	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1451	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1452	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1453	ENDIF
1454
1455	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1456	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1457	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1458	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1459	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1460
1461	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
1462	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1463	! explicitly
1464	ELSE
1465	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1466	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1467	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1468	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1469	!
1470	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1471	!-- explicitly
1472	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1473	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1474	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1475	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1476	ENDIF
1477
1478	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1479
1480	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1481	ialpha = 1
1482
1483	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1484	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1485	ENDDO
1486
1487	!
1488	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1489	!-- segments and angles of attack
1490	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1491	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1492	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1493	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1494	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1495	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1496	( alpha_attack_i - &
1497	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1498	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1499	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1500	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1501	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1502	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1503	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1504	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1505	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1506	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1507	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1508	( alpha_attack_i - &
1509	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1510	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1511	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1512	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1513	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1514
1515	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1516
1517	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1518
1519
1520	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1521
1522
1523	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1524	! Description:
1525	! ------------
1526	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1527	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1528	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1529	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1530
1531
1532	IMPLICIT NONE
1533
1534	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1535	!
1536	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1537	!-- the rotors
1538	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1539	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1540	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1541
1542	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1543	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1544	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1545
1546	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1547	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1548	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1549
1550	!
1551	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1552	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1553
1554	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1555	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1556	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1557	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1558	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1559	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1560	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1561	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1562	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1563	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1564	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1565	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1566	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1567	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1568	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1569	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1570	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1571	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1572	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1573	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1574	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1575	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1576	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1577	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1578
1579	!
1580	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1581	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1582	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1583	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1584	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1585
1586	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1587
1588
1589	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1590	! Description:
1591	! ------------
1592	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1593	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1594	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1595
1596
1597	IMPLICIT NONE
1598
1599	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1600
1601	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1602	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1603	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1604	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1605	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1606	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1607
1608	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1609	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1610	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1611
1612	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1613	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1614
1615	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1616
1617
1618	!
1619	! Variables for pitch control
1620	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1621	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1622
1623	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1624	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1625
1626	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1627
1628
1629	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1630
1631
1632	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1633
1634	!
1635	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1636	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1637	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1638	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1639	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1640	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1641	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1642	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1643	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1644	!
1645	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1646	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1647
1648	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1649	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1650	!
1651	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1652	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1653
1654	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1655	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1656	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1657	!
1658	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1659	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1660
1661	!
1662	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1663	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1664	!
1665	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1666	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1667	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1668	!
1669	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1670	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1671	!-- with y-axis):
1672	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1673	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1674	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1675
1676	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1677	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1678	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1679	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1680	re(3) = sin_rot
1681
1682	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1683	!
1684	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1685	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1686	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1687	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1688
1689	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1690	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1691	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1692	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1693	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1694
1695	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1696	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1697
1698	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1699	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1700
1701	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1702	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1703
1704	!
1705	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1706
1707	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1708	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1709	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1710	!
1711	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1712	!-- the current PE:
1713	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1714	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1715
1716	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1717	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1718	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1719	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1720	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1721	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1722	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1723	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1724	gg = dx * dy
1725
1726	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1727	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1728	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1729	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1730	) / gg
1731
1732	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1733	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1734	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1735	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1736	) / gg
1737
1738	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1739	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1740	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1741
1742	ELSE
1743	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1744	ENDIF
1745	ELSE
1746	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1747	ENDIF
1748
1749
1750	!
1751	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1752	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1753	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1754	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1755	!
1756	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1757	!-- the current PE:
1758	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1759	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1760
1761	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1762	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1763	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1764	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1765	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1766	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1767	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1768	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1769	gg = dx * dy
1770
1771	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1772	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1773	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1774	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1775	) / gg
1776
1777	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1778	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1779	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1780	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1781	) / gg
1782
1783	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1784	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1785	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1786
1787	ELSE
1788	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1789	ENDIF
1790	ELSE
1791	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1792	ENDIF
1793
1794
1795	!
1796	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1797	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1798	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1799	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
1800	!
1801	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1802	!-- the current PE:
1803	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1804	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1805
1806	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1807	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1808	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1809	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1810	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1811	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1812	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1813	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1814	gg = dx * dy
1815
1816	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1817	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1818	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1819	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1820	) / gg
1821
1822	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1823	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1824	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1825	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1826	) / gg
1827
1828	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1829	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
1830	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1831	ELSE
1832	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1833	ENDIF
1834	ELSE
1835	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1836	ENDIF
1837
1838	ENDDO
1839	ENDDO
1840
1841	ENDDO
1842
1843	!
1844	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1845	#if defined( __parallel )
1846	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1847	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1848	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1849	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1850	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1851	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1852	#else
1853	u_int = u_int_1_l
1854	v_int = v_int_1_l
1855	w_int = w_int_1_l
1856	#endif
1857
1858
1859	!
1860	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1861
1862	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1863	pit_loop: DO
1864
1865	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1866	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1867	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1868	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1869	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1870	ELSE
1871	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1872	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1873	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1874	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1875	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1876	ENDIF
1877	ENDIF
1878
1879	!
1880	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1881	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1882	!
1883	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1884	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1885	!
1886	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1887	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1888	!
1889	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1890	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1891	!-- with y-axis):
1892	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1893	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1894	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1895	!
1896	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1897	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1898	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1899	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1900	re(3) = sin_rot
1901
1902	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1903	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1904	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1905	rea(3) = cos_rot
1906
1907	!
1908	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1909	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1910	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1911	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1912	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1913	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1914	!
1915	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1916	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1917	!-- tilt:
1918	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1919	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1920	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1921	!
1922	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1923	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1924
1925	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1926
1927	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1928
1929	!
1930	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1931	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1932	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1933	!
1934	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1935	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1936	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1937	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1938	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1939	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1940	!
1941	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1942	!
1943	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1944	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1945	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1946	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1947	!
1948	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1949	!-- direction:
1950	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1951	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1952	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1953	!
1954	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1955	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1956
1957	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1958	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1959	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1960
1961	!
1962	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1963	!-- to the current radial position:
1964
1965	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1966	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1967
1968	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1969	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1970	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1971	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1972	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1973	ELSE
1974	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1975	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1976	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1977	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1978	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1979	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1980	ENDIF
1981
1982	!
1983	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1984	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1985	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1986	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1987	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1988	!
1989	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1990	!-- angle of attack:
1991	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1992	!
1993	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1994	!-- to angles given in degree:
1995	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1996	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1997	!
1998	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1999	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
2000
2001	!
2002	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2003	!-- to the rotor:
2004	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2005	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2006	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2007
2008	!
2009	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2010	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2011	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2012	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2013
2014	!
2015	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2016	!-- the current radial position:
2017
2018	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2019	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2020	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2021	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2022	ELSE
2023	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2024	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2025	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2026	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2027	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2028	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2029	ENDIF
2030
2031	!
2032	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2033	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2034	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2035	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2036	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2037	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2038	!
2039	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2040	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2041	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2042	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2043	!
2044	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2045	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2046	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2047	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2048
2049	!
2050	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2051	!-- angles given in radian:
2052	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2053	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2054
2055	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2056
2057	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2058	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2059	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2060	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2061	!--
2062	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2063	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2064	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2065
2066	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2067
2068	END IF
2069	!
2070	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2071	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2072	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2073
2074	!
2075	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2076
2077	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2078	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2079
2080	!
2081	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2082	!-- for each ring segment:
2083	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2084	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2085	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2086
2087	!
2088	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2089	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2090	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2091	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2092	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2093	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2094	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2095	!
2096	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2097	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2098	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2099
2100	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2101	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2102
2103	!
2104	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2105	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2106	thrust_seg(rseg)
2107
2108
2109	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2110
2111	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2112
2113	!
2114	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2115	!-- each ring:
2116	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2117	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2118	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2119
2120
2121	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2122
2123
2124	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2125
2126
2127	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2128	!
2129	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2130
2131	!
2132	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2133	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2134	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2135	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2136	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2137	( inertia_rot + &
2138	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2139
2140	!
2141	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2142	!-- and rotor speed
2143	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2144
2145	ENDIF
2146
2147	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2148
2149	!
2150	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2151	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2152	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2153	!-- gain
2154	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2155	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2156	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2157	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2158	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2159	!
2160	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2161	CYCLE pit_loop
2162	ENDIF
2163
2164	!
2165	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2166	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2167	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2168	ENDIF
2169	EXIT pit_loop
2170	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2171
2172
2173	!
2174	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2175
2176	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2177	!
2178	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2179	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2180	THEN
2181	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2182	THEN
2183	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2184	ENDIF
2185	ENDIF
2186
2187	ENDIF
2188
2189
2190	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2191
2192	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2193
2194
2195	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2196	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2197	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2198	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2199	!
2200	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2201	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2202	!
2203	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2204	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2205	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2206	!-- consideration
2207	!
2208	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2209	!-- of the model domain:
2210	!
2211	!--
2212	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2213	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2214	eps_min ) / dx )
2215	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2216	eps_min ) / dy )
2217
2218	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2219	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2220	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2221	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2222	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2223	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2224	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2225	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2226	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2227	!
2228	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2229	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2230
2231	!
2232	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2233	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2234	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2235	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2236	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2237	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2238	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2239	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2240	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2241	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2242	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2243
2244	!
2245	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2246	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2247	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2248	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2249	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2250	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2251	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2252	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2253	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2254	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2255	flag
2256	ENDIF
2257	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2258	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2259	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2260	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2261	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2262	flag
2263	ENDIF
2264	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2265	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2266	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2267	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2268	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2269	flag
2270	ENDIF
2271
2272	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2273	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2274
2275	!
2276	!-- Rotation of force components:
2277	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2278	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2279	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2280	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2281	) * flag
2282
2283	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2284	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2285	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2286	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2287	) * flag
2288
2289	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2290	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2291	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2292	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2293	) * flag
2294
2295	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2296	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2297	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2298
2299	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2300
2301	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2302
2303
2304	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2305	!
2306	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2307	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2308	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2309	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2310	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2311	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2312	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2313
2314	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2315	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2316	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2317	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2318	start_up = .FALSE.
2319	ENDIF
2320
2321	!
2322	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2323	!--
2324	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2325	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2326	!
2327	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2328	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2329	THEN
2330	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2331	THEN
2332
2333	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2334
2335	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2336	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2337	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2338	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2339	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2340
2341	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2342
2343	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2344
2345	ENDIF
2346	ENDIF
2347
2348	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2349
2350	!
2351	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2352	#if defined( __parallel )
2353	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2354	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2355	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2356	comm2d, ierr )
2357	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2358	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2359	#else
2360	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2361	wdir = wdir_l
2362	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2363
2364
2365	#endif
2366	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2367	!
2368	!-- Update rotor orientation
2369	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2370
2371	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2372
2373	END IF ! end of yaw control
2374
2375	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2376	!
2377	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2378	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2379	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2380	#if defined( __parallel )
2381	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2382	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2383	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2384	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2385	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2386	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2387	#else
2388	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2389	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2390	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2391	#endif
2392
2393	ENDIF
2394
2395	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2396
2397	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2398	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2399	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2400	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2401	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2402	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2403	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2404	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2405	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2406	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2407
2408	ELSE
2409
2410	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2411	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2412	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2413	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2414	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2415	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2416	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2417	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2418	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2419	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2420	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2421	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2422	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2423	ENDIF
2424	ENDIF
2425
2426	!-- Set open flag
2427	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2428	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2429
2430	ENDIF
2431
2432	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2433
2434	!
2435	!-- Formats
2436	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2437	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2438	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2439	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2440	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2441
2442	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2443	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2444
2445
2446	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2447
2448
2449	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2450	! Description:
2451	! ------------
2452	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2453	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2454	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2455
2456	USE kinds
2457
2458	IMPLICIT NONE
2459
2460	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2461	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2462	REAL(wp) :: missal
2463
2464	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2465
2466	!
2467	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2468	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2469	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2470	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2471	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2472	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2473	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2474	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2475	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2476	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2477	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2478	!
2479	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2480	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2481	!
2482	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2483	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2484	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2485	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2486	!
2487	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2488	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2489
2490	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2491	!
2492	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2493	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2494	!
2495	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2496	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2497	!
2498	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2499	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2500	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2501	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2502	ENDIF
2503	ENDIF
2504
2505	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2506
2507	!
2508	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2509	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2510	!-- than min_miss
2511
2512	ELSE
2513	!
2514	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2515	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2516	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2517	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2518	!
2519	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2520	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2521	!
2522	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2523	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2524	!
2525	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2526	!-- yaw direction is still right
2527	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2528	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2529	!
2530	!-- Continue yawing
2531	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2532	ELSE
2533	!
2534	!-- Stop yawing
2535	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2536	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2537	ENDIF
2538	ELSE
2539	!
2540	!-- Continue yawing
2541	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2542	ENDIF
2543
2544	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2545
2546	ENDIF
2547
2548	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2549
2550
2551	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2552	! Description:
2553	! ------------
2554	!> Initialization of the speed control
2555	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2556	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2557
2558
2559	IMPLICIT NONE
2560
2561	!
2562	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2563	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2564	!
2565	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2566	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2567	!
2568	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2569	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2570	!
2571	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2572	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2573	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2574	!
2575	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2576	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2577	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2578	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2579	!
2580	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2581	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2582	!
2583	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2584	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2585	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2586	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2587	ENDIF
2588
2589	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2590
2591
2592	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2593	! Description:
2594	! ------------
2595	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2596	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2597	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2598
2599
2600	IMPLICIT NONE
2601
2602	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2603
2604
2605
2606	!
2607	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2608	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2609	!-- offshore system developement"
2610
2611	!
2612	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2613	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2614	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2615	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2616	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2617
2618	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2619	!
2620	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2621	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2622
2623	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2624	!
2625	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2626	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2627
2628	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2629	!
2630	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2631	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2632	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2633
2634	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2635	!
2636	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2637	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2638
2639	ELSE
2640	!
2641	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2642	!-- keep the power constant:
2643	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2644
2645	ENDIF
2646	!
2647	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2648	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2649	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2650	!
2651	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2652	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2653	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2654	!
2655	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2656	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2657
2658
2659	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2660
2661
2662	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2663	! Description:
2664	! ------------
2665	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2666	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2667	!> Call for all grid points
2668	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2669	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2670
2671
2672	IMPLICIT NONE
2673
2674	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2675	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2676	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2677	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2678
2679
2680	SELECT CASE ( component )
2681
2682	CASE ( 1 )
2683	!
2684	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2685	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2686	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2687	DO j = nysg, nyng
2688	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2689	!
2690	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2691	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2692	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2693	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2694	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2695
2696	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2697	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2698	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2699	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2700	ENDDO
2701	ENDDO
2702	ENDDO
2703	ENDIF
2704
2705	CASE ( 2 )
2706	!
2707	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2708	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2709	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2710	DO j = nysg, nyng
2711	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2712	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2713	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2714	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2715	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2716	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2717	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2718	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2719	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2720	ENDDO
2721	ENDDO
2722	ENDDO
2723	ENDIF
2724
2725	CASE ( 3 )
2726	!
2727	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2728	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2729	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2730	DO j = nysg, nyng
2731	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2732	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2733	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2734	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2735	ENDDO
2736	ENDDO
2737	ENDDO
2738	ENDIF
2739
2740
2741	CASE DEFAULT
2742
2743	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2744	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2745
2746	END SELECT
2747
2748
2749	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2750
2751
2752	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2753	! Description:
2754	! ------------
2755	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2756	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2757	!> Call for grid point i,j
2758	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2759	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2760
2761
2762	IMPLICIT NONE
2763
2764	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2765	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2766	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2767	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2768
2769	SELECT CASE ( component )
2770
2771	CASE ( 1 )
2772	!
2773	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2774	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2775	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2776	!
2777	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2778	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2779	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2780	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2781	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2782	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2783	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2784	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2785	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2786	ENDDO
2787	ENDIF
2788
2789	CASE ( 2 )
2790	!
2791	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2792	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2793	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2794	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2795	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2796	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2797	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2798	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2799	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2800	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2801	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2802	ENDDO
2803	ENDIF
2804
2805	CASE ( 3 )
2806	!
2807	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2808	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2809	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2810	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2811	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2812	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2813	ENDDO
2814	ENDIF
2815
2816
2817	CASE DEFAULT
2818
2819	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2820	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2821
2822	END SELECT
2823
2824
2825	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2826
2827	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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