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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2698

Last change on this file since 2698 was 2696, checked in by kanani, 7 years ago
Merge of branch palm4u into trunk
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2017 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z suehring $
28	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
29	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
30	!
31	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
32	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_var_list to skip module
33	! parameters during reading restart data
34	!
35	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
36	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
37	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
38	! defined
39	!
40	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
41	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
42	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
43	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
44	!
45	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
46	! Revise error message PA0462
47	!
48	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
49	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
50	!
51	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
52	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
53	!
54	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
55	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
56	!
57	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
58	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
59	!
60	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
61	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
62	!
63	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
64	!
65	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
66	! Adjustments to new topography concept
67	!
68	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
69	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
70	! Addition of a tip loss model
71	!
72	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
73	! Bugfix of pitch control
74	!
75	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
76	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
77	!
78	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
79	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
80	!
81	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
82	! Initial revision
83	!
84	!
85	! Description:
86	! ------------
87	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
88	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
89	!> (ADM-R).
90	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
91	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
92	!> yaw.
93	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
94	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
95	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
96	!> automatically).
97	!>
98	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
99	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
100	!> @todo Generate header information
101	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
102	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
103	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
104	!> @todo Include additional output variables
105	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
106	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
107	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
108	!
109	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
110	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
111
112	USE arrays_3d, &
113	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
114
115	USE constants, &
116	ONLY: pi
117
118	USE control_parameters, &
119	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
120	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
121
122	USE cpulog, &
123	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
124
125	USE grid_variables, &
126	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
127
128	USE indices, &
129	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
130	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
131
132	USE kinds
133
134	USE pegrid
135
136
137	IMPLICIT NONE
138
139	PRIVATE
140
141	!
142	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
143
144	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
145	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
146
147	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
148	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
149	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
150	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
151
152	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
153	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
154	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
155	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
156	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
157	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
158
159	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
160	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
161	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
162	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
163	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
164	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
165	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
166	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
167	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
168	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
169	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
170
171	!
172	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
173	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
174
175	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
176	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
177	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
178	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
179	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
180	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
181	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
182	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
183	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
184	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
185	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
186	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
187	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
188	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
189
190
191	!
192	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
193
194	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
195	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
196	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
197
198	!
199	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
200	TYPE file_status
201	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
202	END TYPE file_status
203
204	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
205	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
206
207	!
208	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
209
210	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
211	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
212	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
213	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
214	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
215	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
216
217	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
218
219	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
220	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
221	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
222	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
223	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
224	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
225	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
226	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
227
228	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
229
230	!
231	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
232	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
233	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
234	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
235	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
236	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
237	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
238	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
239
240	!
241	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
244	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
246
247	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
248	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
249
250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
252
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
255
256	!
257	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
258
259	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
260	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
261	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
262	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
263	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
264	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
265	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
266	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
267	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
268	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
269	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
270	!
271	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
272	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
273	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
274	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
275	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
276
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
286
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
289
290	!
291	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
298
299	!
300	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
304
305	!
306	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
310
311	!
312	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
316
317	!
318	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
322	!
323	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
325
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
335
336	!
337	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
338
339	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
340
341	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
342	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
343	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
344	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
345	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
346	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
347	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
348	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
349
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
351
352	!
353	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
354
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
365	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
366	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
367	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
368
369	!
370	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
378
379
380	SAVE
381
382
383	INTERFACE wtm_parin
384	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
385	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
386
387	INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
388	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_skip_var_list
389	END INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
390
391	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
392	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
393	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
394
395	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
396	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
397	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
398
399	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
400	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
401	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
402
403	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
404	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
405	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
406
407	INTERFACE wtm_init
408	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
409	END INTERFACE wtm_init
410
411	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
412	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
413	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
414
415	INTERFACE wtm_forces
416	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
417	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
418
419	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
420	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
421	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
422
423	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
424	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
425	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
426
427	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
428	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
429	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
430	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
431
432	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
433	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
434	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
435	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
436
437
438	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
439	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies, wtm_skip_var_list
440
441
442	CONTAINS
443
444
445	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
446	! Description:
447	! ------------
448	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
449	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
450	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
451
452
453	IMPLICIT NONE
454
455	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
456
457	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
458
459	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
460	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
461	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
462	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
463	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
464	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
465	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
466	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
467	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
468	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
469
470	!
471	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
472	REWIND ( 11 )
473	line = ' '
474	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
475	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
476	ENDDO
477	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
478
479	!
480	!-- Read user-defined namelist
481	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
482
483	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
484	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
485	'End of file has reached'
486	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
487	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
488	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
489	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
490	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
491	ENDIF
492
493	!
494	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
495	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
496
497	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
498	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
499	ENDIF
500
501	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
502
503
504	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
505
506
507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
508	! Description:
509	! ------------
510	!> Skipping the wind turbine module variables from restart-file (binary format).
511	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
512	SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
513
514	IMPLICIT NONE
515
516	CHARACTER (LEN=1) :: cdum
517	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr
518
519	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
520
521	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
522
523	READ ( 13 ) cdum
524	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
525
526	ENDDO
527
528	END SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
529
530
531	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
532	! Description:
533	! ------------
534	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
535	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
536	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
537
538	IMPLICIT NONE
539
540	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
541	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
542	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
543	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
544	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
545	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
546	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
547	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
548	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
549	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
550	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
551	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
552	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
553	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
554	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
555	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
556	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
557	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
558	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
559	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
560
561	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
562
563	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
564
565
566	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
567	! Description:
568	! ------------
569	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
570	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
571	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
572
573
574	IMPLICIT NONE
575
576	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
577
578
579	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
580	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
581
582	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
583
584	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
585	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
586	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
587	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
588	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
589	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
590	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
591	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
592	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
593	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
594	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
595	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
596	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
597	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
598	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
599	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
600	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
601	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
602	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
603	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
604
605	END SELECT
606
607	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
608
609	ENDDO
610
611	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
612
613
614	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
615	! Description:
616	! ------------
617	!> Check namelist parameter
618	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
619	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
620
621
622	IMPLICIT NONE
623
624	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
625	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
626	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
627	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
628	ENDIF
629
630	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
631	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
632	'a value larger than or equal to zero'
633	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
634	ENDIF
635
636
637	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
638	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
639	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
640
641	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
642	'have to be given for each turbine.'
643	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
644
645	ENDIF
646
647
648	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
649
650
651	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
652	! Description:
653	! ------------
654	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
655	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
656	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
657
658
659	IMPLICIT NONE
660
661	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
662	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
663
664	!
665	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
666	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
667
668	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
669	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
670
671	nrings(:) = 0
672	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
673
674	!
675	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
676	delta_r_factor = segment_width
677	delta_t_factor = segment_length
678	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
679
680	DO inot = 1, nturbines
681	!
682	!-- Determine number of rings:
683	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
684
685	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
686
687	ENDDO
688
689	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
690
691	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
692	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
693
694	nsegs(:,:) = 0
695	nsegs_total(:) = 0
696
697
698	DO inot = 1, nturbines
699	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
700	!
701	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
702	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
703	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
704	delta_t_factor ) )
705	ENDDO
706	!
707	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
708	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
709
710	ENDDO
711
712	!
713	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
714	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
715
716	!!
717	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
718	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
719	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
720	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
721	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
722	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
723	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
724	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
725	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
726	! ENDIF
727
728
729	!
730	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
731	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
732	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
733	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
734	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
735	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
736	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
737	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
738	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
739
740	!
741	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
742	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
743	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
744	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
745	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
746	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
747	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
748
749	!
750	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
751	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
752	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
753	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
754	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
755	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
756	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
757	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
758	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
759	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
760	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
761
762	!
763	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
764	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
765	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
766	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
767	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
768	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
769	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
770
771	!
772	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
773	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
774	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
775	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
776
777	!
778	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
779	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
780	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
781	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
782	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
783	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
784	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
785	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
786	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
787
788	!
789	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
790	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
791	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
792	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
793	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
794	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
795	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
796
797	!
798	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
799	i_hub(:) = 0
800	i_smear(:) = 0
801	j_hub(:) = 0
802	j_smear(:) = 0
803	k_hub(:) = 0
804	k_smear(:) = 0
805
806	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
807	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
808
809	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
810	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
811	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
812	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
813	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
814	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
815	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
816	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
817	ENDIF
818
819	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
820	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
821	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
822
823	!
824	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
825	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
826	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
827	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
828	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
829	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
830	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
831	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
832	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
833	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
834	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
835
836	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
837	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
838	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
839	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
840	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
841	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
842
843	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
844	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
845	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
846
847	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
848	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
849	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
850	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
851	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
852	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
853	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
854	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
855
856	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
857	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
858	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
859	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
860	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
861	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
862
863
864	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
865
866
867	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
868	! Description:
869	! ------------
870	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
871	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
872	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
873
874
875	IMPLICIT NONE
876
877	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
878	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
879	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
880
881	!
882	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
883	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
884
885	!
886	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
887	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
888	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
889	!
890	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
891	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
892	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
893
894	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
895	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
896	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
897
898	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
899
900	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
901	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
902	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
903	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
904
905	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
906	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
907	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
908	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
909
910
911	IF ( speed_control) THEN
912
913	CALL wtm_speed_control
914
915	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
916
917	DO inot = 1, nturbines
918
919	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
920	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
921	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
922	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
923	ENDIF
924
925	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
926	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
927	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
928	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
929	ENDIF
930
931	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
932	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
933	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
934	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
935	ENDIF
936
937	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
938	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
939	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
940	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
941	ENDIF
942
943	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
944	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
945
946	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
947
948	ENDIF
949	ENDIF
950
951	END DO
952
953	ENDIF
954
955	ENDIF
956
957	!
958	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
959	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
960	!-- (smearing of the forces)
961	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
962	!
963	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
964	!-- be calculated:
965
966	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
967	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
968	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
969	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
970	!
971	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
972	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
973	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
974	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
975	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
976	!
977	!-- Square of eps_min:
978	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
979	!
980	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
981	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
982	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
983	!
984	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
985	!-- function:
986	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
987
988	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
989	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
990
991	!
992	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
993	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
994	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
995	ENDIF
996
997
998	DO inot = 1, nturbines
999	!
1000	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1001	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1002
1003	!
1004	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1005	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1006	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1007	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
1008
1009	!
1010	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1011	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1012	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1013	!-- function of eps_min:
1014	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1015	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1016	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
1017
1018	ENDDO
1019
1020	!
1021	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1022	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1023	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1024	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1025	!
1026	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1027	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1028
1029	!
1030	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1031	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1032	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1033
1034	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1035
1036	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1037
1038
1039	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1040	!
1041	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1042	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1043	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1044	i = i_hub(inot)
1045
1046	!
1047	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1048	!-- grid point indices):
1049	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1050	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1051	!
1052	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1053	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1054	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1055	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1056	!-- in grid box 1.
1057	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1058	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1059
1060	!
1061	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1062	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1063	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1064	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1065
1066	!
1067	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1068	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1069	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1070
1071	DO j = nys, nyn
1072	!
1073	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1074	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1075
1076	DO k = nzb, nzt
1077
1078	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1079	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1080	!
1081	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1082	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1083	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1084	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1085	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1086	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1087	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1088	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1089	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1090	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1091	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1092	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1093	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1094	!
1095	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1096	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1097	ELSE
1098	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1099	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1100	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1101	ENDIF
1102	!
1103	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1104	ELSE
1105	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1106	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1107	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1108	ENDIF
1109	!
1110	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1111	!-- are carried out:
1112	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1113
1114	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1115	!
1116	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1117	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1118	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1119	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1120	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1121	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1122	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1123	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1124	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1125	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1126	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1127	!
1128	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1129	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1130	ELSE
1131	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1132	ENDIF
1133	!
1134	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1135	ELSE
1136	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
1137	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1138	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1139
1140	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1141
1142	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1143
1144	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1145
1146	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1147
1148	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1149
1150
1151	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1152
1153	!
1154	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1155	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1156	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1157	!!
1158	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1159	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1160	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1161	!
1162	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1163	!
1164	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1165	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1166	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1167	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1168	!!
1169	!!-- bottom intersection point
1170	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1171	!!
1172	!!-- top intersection point
1173	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1174	! ELSE
1175	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1176	! ENDIF
1177	! ENDDO
1178	!
1179	!
1180	! DO j = nys, nyn
1181	!!
1182	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1183	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1184	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1185	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1186	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1187	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1188	!!
1189	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1190	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1191	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1192	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1193	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1194	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1195	!!
1196	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1197	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1198	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1199	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1200	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1201	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1202	! dz_int = dz
1203	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1204	!!
1205	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1206	!!-- within the current grid box:
1207	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1208	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1209	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1210	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1211	! ENDIF
1212	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1213	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1214	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1215	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1216	! ENDIF
1217	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1218	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1219	! ENDIF
1220	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1221	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1222	! ENDIF
1223	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1224	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1225	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1226	! ENDIF
1227	! ENDDO
1228	! ENDIF
1229	! ENDDO
1230	! ENDIF
1231	!
1232	! ENDDO
1233	!
1234	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1235
1236	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1237
1238	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
1239	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1240
1241	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1242
1243	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1244
1245
1246	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1247	! Description:
1248	! ------------
1249	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1250	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1251	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1252	!
1253	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1254
1255
1256	IMPLICIT NONE
1257
1258	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1259	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1260
1261	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1262
1263	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1264
1265	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1266	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1267	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1268	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1269	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1270	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1271	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1272	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1273	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1274	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1275
1276	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1277	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1278	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1279
1280	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1282
1283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1288
1289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1294
1295	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1296
1297	!
1298	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1299	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1300
1301	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1302
1303	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1304	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1305	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1306	ENDIF
1307	!
1308	!-- Read distribution table:
1309
1310	dlen = 0
1311
1312	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1313
1314	rloop3: DO
1315	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1316	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1317	dlen = dlen + 1
1318	ENDDO rloop3
1319
1320	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1321
1322	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1323	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1324	ENDDO
1325
1326	DO jj = 1,dlen
1327	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1328	ENDDO
1329
1330	!
1331	!-- Read layout table:
1332
1333	dlen = 0
1334
1335	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1336
1337	rloop1: DO
1338	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1339	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1340	dlen = dlen + 1
1341	ENDDO rloop1
1342
1343	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1344	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1345	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1346	ENDDO
1347	DO jj = 1, dlen
1348	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1349	ENDDO
1350
1351	!
1352	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1353
1354	dlen = 0
1355
1356	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1357
1358	rloop2: DO
1359	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1360	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1361	dlen = dlen + 1
1362	ENDDO rloop2
1363
1364	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1365	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1366
1367	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1368	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1369	ENDDO
1370
1371	DO jj = 1,dlen
1372	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1373	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1374	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1375	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1376	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1377	ENDDO
1378
1379	ENDDO
1380
1381	dlenbl = dlen
1382
1383	CLOSE ( 90 )
1384
1385	!
1386	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
1387	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
1388	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1389	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1390	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1391
1392	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1393	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1394	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1395	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1396
1397	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1398	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1399
1400
1401	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1402	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1403
1404
1405	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1406
1407	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1408
1409	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1410	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1411	ialpha = 1
1412
1413	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1414	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1415	ENDDO
1416	!
1417	!-- Find position in table
1418	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1419	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1420
1421	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1422	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1423	ENDIF
1424
1425	trow = lct(1)
1426	!
1427	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
1428	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1429	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1430	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1431	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1432
1433	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1434	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1435	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1436	ENDIF
1437
1438	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1439	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1440	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1441	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1442	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1443	ELSE
1444	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1445	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1446	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1447	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1448	ENDIF
1449
1450	!
1451	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1452	!-- segments and angles of attack
1453
1454	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1455	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1456	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1457	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1458	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1459	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1460	( alpha_attack_i - &
1461	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1462	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1463	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1464	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1465	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1466	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1467	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1468	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1469	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1470	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1471	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1472	( alpha_attack_i - &
1473	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1474	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1475	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1476	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1477	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1478
1479	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1480
1481	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1482
1483	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1484
1485
1486	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1487	! Description:
1488	! ------------
1489	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1490	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1491	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1492	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1493
1494
1495	IMPLICIT NONE
1496
1497	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1498	!
1499	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1500	!-- the rotors
1501	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1502	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1503	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1504
1505	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1506	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1507	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1508
1509	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1510	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1511	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1512
1513	!
1514	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1515	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1516
1517	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1518	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1519	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1520	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1521	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1522	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1523	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1524	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1525	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1526	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1527	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1528	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1529	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1530	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1531	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1532	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1533	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1534	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1535	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1536	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1537	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1538	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1539	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1540	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1541
1542	!
1543	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1544	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1545	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1546	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1547	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1548
1549	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1550
1551
1552	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1553	! Description:
1554	! ------------
1555	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1557	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1558
1559
1560	IMPLICIT NONE
1561
1562	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1563
1564	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1566	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1567	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1568	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1569	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1570
1571	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1572	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1573	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1574
1575	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1576	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1577
1578	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1579
1580
1581	!
1582	! Variables for pitch control
1583	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1584	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1585
1586	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1587	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1588
1589	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1590
1591
1592	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1593
1594
1595	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1596
1597	!
1598	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1599	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1600	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1601	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1602	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1603	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1604	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1605	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1606	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1607	!
1608	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1609	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1610
1611	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1612	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1613	!
1614	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1615	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1616
1617	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1618	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1619	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1620	!
1621	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1622	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1623
1624	!
1625	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1626	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1627	!
1628	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1629	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1630	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1631	!
1632	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1633	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1634	!-- with y-axis):
1635	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1636	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1637	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1638
1639	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1640	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1641	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1642	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1643	re(3) = sin_rot
1644
1645	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1646	!
1647	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1648	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1649	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1650	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1651
1652	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1653	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1654	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1655	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1656	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1657
1658	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1659	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1660
1661	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1662	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1663
1664	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1665	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1666
1667	!
1668	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1669
1670	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1671	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1672	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1673	!
1674	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1675	!-- the current PE:
1676	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1677	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1678
1679	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1680	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1681	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1682	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1683	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1684	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1685	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1686	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1687	gg = dx * dy
1688
1689	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1690	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1691	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1692	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1693	) / gg
1694
1695	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1696	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1697	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1698	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1699	) / gg
1700
1701	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1702	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1703	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1704
1705	ELSE
1706	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1707	ENDIF
1708	ELSE
1709	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1710	ENDIF
1711
1712
1713	!
1714	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1715	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1716	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1717	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1718	!
1719	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1720	!-- the current PE:
1721	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1722	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1723
1724	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1725	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1726	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1727	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1728	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1729	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1730	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1731	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1732	gg = dx * dy
1733
1734	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1735	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1736	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1737	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1738	) / gg
1739
1740	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1741	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1742	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1743	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1744	) / gg
1745
1746	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1747	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1748	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1749
1750	ELSE
1751	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1752	ENDIF
1753	ELSE
1754	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1755	ENDIF
1756
1757
1758	!
1759	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1760	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1761	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1762	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
1763	!
1764	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1765	!-- the current PE:
1766	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1767	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1768
1769	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1770	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1771	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1772	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1773	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1774	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1775	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1776	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1777	gg = dx * dy
1778
1779	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1780	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1781	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1782	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1783	) / gg
1784
1785	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1786	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1787	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1788	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1789	) / gg
1790
1791	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1792	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
1793	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1794	ELSE
1795	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1796	ENDIF
1797	ELSE
1798	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1799	ENDIF
1800
1801	ENDDO
1802	ENDDO
1803
1804	ENDDO
1805
1806	!
1807	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1808	#if defined( __parallel )
1809	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1810	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1811	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1812	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1813	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1814	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1815	#else
1816	u_int = u_int_1_l
1817	v_int = v_int_1_l
1818	w_int = w_int_1_l
1819	#endif
1820
1821
1822	!
1823	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1824
1825	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1826	pit_loop: DO
1827
1828	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1829	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1830	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1831	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1832	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1833	ELSE
1834	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1835	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1836	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1837	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1838	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1839	ENDIF
1840	ENDIF
1841
1842	!
1843	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1844	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1845	!
1846	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1847	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1848	!
1849	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1850	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1851	!
1852	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1853	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1854	!-- with y-axis):
1855	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1856	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1857	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1858	!
1859	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1860	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1861	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1862	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1863	re(3) = sin_rot
1864
1865	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1866	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1867	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1868	rea(3) = cos_rot
1869
1870	!
1871	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1872	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1873	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1874	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1875	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1876	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1877	!
1878	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1879	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1880	!-- tilt:
1881	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1882	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1883	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1884	!
1885	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1886	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1887
1888	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1889
1890	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1891
1892	!
1893	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1894	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1895	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1896	!
1897	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1898	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1899	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1900	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1901	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1902	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1903	!
1904	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1905	!
1906	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1907	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1908	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1909	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1910	!
1911	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1912	!-- direction:
1913	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1914	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1915	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1916	!
1917	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1918	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1919
1920	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1921	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1922	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1923
1924	!
1925	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1926	!-- to the current radial position:
1927
1928	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1929	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1930
1931	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1932	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1933	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1934	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1935	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1936	ELSE
1937	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1938	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1939	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1940	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1941	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1942	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1943	ENDIF
1944
1945	!
1946	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1947	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1948	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1949	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1950	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1951	!
1952	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1953	!-- angle of attack:
1954	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1955	!
1956	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1957	!-- to angles given in degree:
1958	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1959	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1960	!
1961	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1962	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
1963
1964	!
1965	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1966	!-- to the rotor:
1967	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
1968	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1969	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
1970
1971	!
1972	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1973	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
1974	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
1975	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1976
1977	!
1978	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
1979	!-- the current radial position:
1980
1981	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1982	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1983	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
1984	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
1985	ELSE
1986	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
1987	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1988	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
1989	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
1990	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1991	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1992	ENDIF
1993
1994	!
1995	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
1996	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
1997	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
1998	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
1999	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2000	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
2001	!
2002	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2003	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2004	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2005	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2006	!
2007	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2008	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2009	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2010	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2011
2012	!
2013	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2014	!-- angles given in radian:
2015	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2016	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2017
2018	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2019
2020	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2021	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2022	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2023	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2024	!--
2025	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2026	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2027	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2028
2029	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2030
2031	END IF
2032	!
2033	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2034	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2035	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2036
2037	!
2038	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2039
2040	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2041	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2042
2043	!
2044	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2045	!-- for each ring segment:
2046	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2047	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2048	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2049
2050	!
2051	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2052	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2053	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2054	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2055	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2056	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2057	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2058	!
2059	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2060	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2061	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2062
2063	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2064	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2065
2066	!
2067	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2068	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2069	thrust_seg(rseg)
2070
2071
2072	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2073
2074	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2075
2076	!
2077	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2078	!-- each ring:
2079	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2080	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2081	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2082
2083
2084	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2085
2086
2087	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2088
2089
2090	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2091	!
2092	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2093
2094	!
2095	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2096	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2097	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2098	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2099	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2100	( inertia_rot + &
2101	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2102
2103	!
2104	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2105	!-- and rotor speed
2106	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2107
2108	ENDIF
2109
2110	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2111
2112	!
2113	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2114	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2115	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2116	!-- gain
2117	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2118	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2119	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2120	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2121	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2122	!
2123	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2124	CYCLE pit_loop
2125	ENDIF
2126
2127	!
2128	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2129	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2130	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2131	ENDIF
2132	EXIT pit_loop
2133	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2134
2135
2136	!
2137	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2138
2139	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2140	!
2141	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2142	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2143	THEN
2144	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2145	THEN
2146	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2147	ENDIF
2148	ENDIF
2149
2150	ENDIF
2151
2152
2153	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2154
2155	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2156
2157
2158	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2159	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2160	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2161	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2162	!
2163	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2164	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2165	!
2166	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2167	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2168	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2169	!-- consideration
2170	!
2171	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2172	!-- of the model domain:
2173	!
2174	!--
2175	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2176	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2177	eps_min ) / dx )
2178	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2179	eps_min ) / dy )
2180
2181	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2182	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2183	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2184	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2185	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2186	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2187	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2188	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2189	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2190	!
2191	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2192	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2193
2194	!
2195	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2196	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2197	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2198	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2199	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2200	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2201	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2202	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2203	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2204	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2205	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2206
2207	!
2208	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2209	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2210	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2211	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2212	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2213	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2214	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2215	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2216	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2217	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2218	flag
2219	ENDIF
2220	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2221	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2222	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2223	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2224	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2225	flag
2226	ENDIF
2227	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2228	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2229	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2230	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2231	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2232	flag
2233	ENDIF
2234
2235	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2236	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2237
2238	!
2239	!-- Rotation of force components:
2240	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2241	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2242	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2243	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2244	) * flag
2245
2246	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2247	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2248	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2249	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2250	) * flag
2251
2252	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2253	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2254	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2255	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2256	) * flag
2257
2258	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2259	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2260	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2261
2262	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2263
2264	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2265
2266
2267	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2268	!
2269	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2270	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2271	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2272	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2273	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2274	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2275	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2276
2277	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2278	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2279	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2280	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2281	start_up = .FALSE.
2282	ENDIF
2283
2284	!
2285	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2286	!--
2287	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2288	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2289	!
2290	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2291	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2292	THEN
2293	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2294	THEN
2295
2296	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2297
2298	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2299	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2300	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2301	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2302	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2303
2304	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2305
2306	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2307
2308	ENDIF
2309	ENDIF
2310
2311	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2312
2313	!
2314	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2315	#if defined( __parallel )
2316	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2317	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2318	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2319	comm2d, ierr )
2320	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2321	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2322	#else
2323	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2324	wdir = wdir_l
2325	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2326
2327
2328	#endif
2329	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2330	!
2331	!-- Update rotor orientation
2332	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2333
2334	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2335
2336	END IF ! end of yaw control
2337
2338	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2339	!
2340	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2341	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2342	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2343	#if defined( __parallel )
2344	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2345	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2346	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2347	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2348	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2349	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2350	#else
2351	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2352	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2353	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2354	#endif
2355
2356	ENDIF
2357
2358	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2359
2360	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2361	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2362	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2363	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2364	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2365	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2366	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2367	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2368	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2369	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2370
2371	ELSE
2372
2373	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2374	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2375	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2376	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2377	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2378	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2379	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2380	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2381	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2382	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2383	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2384	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2385	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2386	ENDIF
2387	ENDIF
2388
2389	!-- Set open flag
2390	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2391	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2392
2393	ENDIF
2394
2395	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2396
2397	!
2398	!-- Formats
2399	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2400	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2401	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2402	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2403	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2404
2405	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2406	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2407
2408
2409	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2410
2411
2412	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2413	! Description:
2414	! ------------
2415	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2417	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2418
2419	USE kinds
2420
2421	IMPLICIT NONE
2422
2423	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2424	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2425	REAL(wp) :: missal
2426
2427	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2428
2429	!
2430	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2431	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2432	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2433	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2434	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2435	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2436	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2437	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2438	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2439	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2440	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2441	!
2442	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2443	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2444	!
2445	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2446	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2447	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2448	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2449	!
2450	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2451	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2452
2453	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2454	!
2455	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2456	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2457	!
2458	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2459	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2460	!
2461	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2462	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2463	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2464	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2465	ENDIF
2466	ENDIF
2467
2468	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2469
2470	!
2471	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2472	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2473	!-- than min_miss
2474
2475	ELSE
2476	!
2477	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2478	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2479	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2480	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2481	!
2482	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2483	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2484	!
2485	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2486	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2487	!
2488	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2489	!-- yaw direction is still right
2490	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2491	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2492	!
2493	!-- Continue yawing
2494	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2495	ELSE
2496	!
2497	!-- Stop yawing
2498	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2499	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2500	ENDIF
2501	ELSE
2502	!
2503	!-- Continue yawing
2504	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2505	ENDIF
2506
2507	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2508
2509	ENDIF
2510
2511	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2512
2513
2514	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2515	! Description:
2516	! ------------
2517	!> Initialization of the speed control
2518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2519	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2520
2521
2522	IMPLICIT NONE
2523
2524	!
2525	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2526	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2527	!
2528	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2529	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2530	!
2531	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2532	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2533	!
2534	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2535	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2536	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2537	!
2538	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2539	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2540	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2541	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2542	!
2543	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2544	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2545	!
2546	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2547	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2548	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2549	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2550	ENDIF
2551
2552	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2553
2554
2555	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2556	! Description:
2557	! ------------
2558	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2559	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2560	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2561
2562
2563	IMPLICIT NONE
2564
2565	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2566
2567
2568
2569	!
2570	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2571	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2572	!-- offshore system developement"
2573
2574	!
2575	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2576	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2577	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2578	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2579	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2580
2581	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2582	!
2583	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2584	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2585
2586	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2587	!
2588	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2589	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2590
2591	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2592	!
2593	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2594	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2595	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2596
2597	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2598	!
2599	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2600	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2601
2602	ELSE
2603	!
2604	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2605	!-- keep the power constant:
2606	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2607
2608	ENDIF
2609	!
2610	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2611	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2612	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2613	!
2614	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2615	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2616	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2617	!
2618	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2619	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2620
2621
2622	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2623
2624
2625	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2626	! Description:
2627	! ------------
2628	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2629	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2630	!> Call for all grid points
2631	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2632	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2633
2634
2635	IMPLICIT NONE
2636
2637	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2638	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2639	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2640	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2641
2642
2643	SELECT CASE ( component )
2644
2645	CASE ( 1 )
2646	!
2647	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2648	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2649	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2650	DO j = nysg, nyng
2651	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2652	!
2653	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2654	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2655	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2656	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2657	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2658
2659	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2660	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2661	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2662	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2663	ENDDO
2664	ENDDO
2665	ENDDO
2666	ENDIF
2667
2668	CASE ( 2 )
2669	!
2670	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2671	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2672	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2673	DO j = nysg, nyng
2674	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2675	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2676	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2677	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2678	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2679	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2680	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2681	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2682	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2683	ENDDO
2684	ENDDO
2685	ENDDO
2686	ENDIF
2687
2688	CASE ( 3 )
2689	!
2690	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2691	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2692	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2693	DO j = nysg, nyng
2694	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2695	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2696	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2697	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2698	ENDDO
2699	ENDDO
2700	ENDDO
2701	ENDIF
2702
2703
2704	CASE DEFAULT
2705
2706	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2707	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2708
2709	END SELECT
2710
2711
2712	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2713
2714
2715	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2716	! Description:
2717	! ------------
2718	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2719	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2720	!> Call for grid point i,j
2721	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2722	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2723
2724
2725	IMPLICIT NONE
2726
2727	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2728	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2729	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2730	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2731
2732	SELECT CASE ( component )
2733
2734	CASE ( 1 )
2735	!
2736	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2737	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2738	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2739	!
2740	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2741	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2742	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2743	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2744	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2745	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2746	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2747	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2748	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2749	ENDDO
2750	ENDIF
2751
2752	CASE ( 2 )
2753	!
2754	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2755	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2756	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2757	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2758	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2759	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2760	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2761	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2762	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2763	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2764	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2765	ENDDO
2766	ENDIF
2767
2768	CASE ( 3 )
2769	!
2770	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2771	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2772	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2773	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2774	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2775	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2776	ENDDO
2777	ENDIF
2778
2779
2780	CASE DEFAULT
2781
2782	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2783	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2784
2785	END SELECT
2786
2787
2788	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2789
2790	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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