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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2628

Last change on this file since 2628 was 2576, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Bugfixes for restart runs
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 115.7 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2017 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z schwenkel $
28	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_var_list to skip module
29	! parameters during reading restart data
30	!
31	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
32	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
33	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
34	! defined
35	!
36	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
37	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
38	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
39	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
40	!
41	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
42	! Revise error message PA0462
43	!
44	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
45	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
46	!
47	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
48	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
49	!
50	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
51	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
52	!
53	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
54	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
55	!
56	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
57	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
58	!
59	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
60	!
61	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
62	! Adjustments to new topography concept
63	!
64	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
65	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
66	! Addition of a tip loss model
67	!
68	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
69	! Bugfix of pitch control
70	!
71	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
72	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
73	!
74	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
75	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
76	!
77	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
78	! Initial revision
79	!
80	!
81	! Description:
82	! ------------
83	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
84	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
85	!> (ADM-R).
86	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
87	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
88	!> yaw.
89	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
90	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
91	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
92	!> automatically).
93	!>
94	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
95	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
96	!> @todo Generate header information
97	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
98	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
99	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
100	!> @todo Include additional output variables
101	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
102	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
103	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
104	!
105	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
106	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
107
108	USE arrays_3d, &
109	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
110
111	USE constants, &
112	ONLY: pi
113
114	USE control_parameters, &
115	ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, wind_turbine, &
116	initializing_actions
117
118	USE cpulog, &
119	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
120
121	USE grid_variables, &
122	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
123
124	USE indices, &
125	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
126	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
127
128	USE kinds
129
130	USE pegrid
131
132
133	IMPLICIT NONE
134
135	PRIVATE
136
137	!
138	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
139
140	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
141	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
142
143	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
144	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
145	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
146	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
147
148	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
149	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
150	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
151	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
152	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
153	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
154
155	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
156	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
157	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
158	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
159	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
160	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
161	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
162	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
163	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
164	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
165	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
166
167	!
168	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
169	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
170
171	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
172	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
173	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
174	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
175	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
176	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
177	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
178	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
179	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
180	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
181	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
182	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
183	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
184	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
185
186
187	!
188	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
189
190	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
191	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
192	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
193
194	!
195	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
196	TYPE file_status
197	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
198	END TYPE file_status
199
200	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
201	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
202
203	!
204	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
205
206	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
207	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
208	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
209	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
210	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
211	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
212
213	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
214
215	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
216	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
217	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
218	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
219	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
220	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
221	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
222	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
223
224	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
225
226	!
227	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
228	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
229	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
230	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
231	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
232	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
233	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
234	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
235
236	!
237	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
239	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
240	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
241	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
242
243	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
244	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
245
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
247	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
248
249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
251
252	!
253	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
254
255	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
256	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
257	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
258	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
259	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
260	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
261	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
262	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
263	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
264	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
265	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
266	!
267	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
268	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
269	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
270	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
271	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
272
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
282
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
285
286	!
287	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
294
295	!
296	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
300
301	!
302	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
306
307	!
308	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
312
313	!
314	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
318	!
319	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
321
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
331
332	!
333	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
334
335	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
336
337	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
338	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
339	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
340	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
341	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
342	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
343	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
344	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
345
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
347
348	!
349	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
350
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
361	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
362	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
363	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
364
365	!
366	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
374
375
376	SAVE
377
378
379	INTERFACE wtm_parin
380	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
381	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
382
383	INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
384	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_skip_var_list
385	END INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
386
387	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
388	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
389	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
390
391	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
392	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
393	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
394
395	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
396	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
397	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
398
399	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
400	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
401	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
402
403	INTERFACE wtm_init
404	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
405	END INTERFACE wtm_init
406
407	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
408	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
409	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
410
411	INTERFACE wtm_forces
412	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
413	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
414
415	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
416	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
417	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
418
419	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
420	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
421	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
422
423	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
424	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
425	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
426	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
427
428	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
429	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
430	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
431	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
432
433
434	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
435	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies, wtm_skip_var_list
436
437
438	CONTAINS
439
440
441	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
442	! Description:
443	! ------------
444	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
445	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
446	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
447
448
449	IMPLICIT NONE
450
451	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
452
453	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
454
455	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
456	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
457	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
458	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
459	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
460	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
461	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
462	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
463	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
464	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
465
466	!
467	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
468	REWIND ( 11 )
469	line = ' '
470	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
471	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
472	ENDDO
473	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
474
475	!
476	!-- Read user-defined namelist
477	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
478
479	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
480	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
481	'End of file has reached'
482	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
483	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
484	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
485	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
486	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
487	ENDIF
488
489	!
490	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
491	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
492
493	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
494	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
495	ENDIF
496
497	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
498
499
500	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
501
502
503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
504	! Description:
505	! ------------
506	!> Skipping the wind turbine module variables from restart-file (binary format).
507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
508	SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
509
510	IMPLICIT NONE
511
512	CHARACTER (LEN=1) :: cdum
513	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr
514
515	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
516
517	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
518
519	READ ( 13 ) cdum
520	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
521
522	ENDDO
523
524	END SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
525
526
527	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
528	! Description:
529	! ------------
530	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
531	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
532	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
533
534	IMPLICIT NONE
535
536	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
537	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
538	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
539	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
540	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
541	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
542	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
543	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
544	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
545	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
546	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
547	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
548	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
549	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
550	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
551	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
552	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
553	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
554	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
555	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
556
557	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
558
559	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
560
561
562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
563	! Description:
564	! ------------
565	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
566	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
567	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
568
569
570	IMPLICIT NONE
571
572	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
573
574
575	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
576	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
577
578	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
579
580	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
581	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
582	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
583	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
584	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
585	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
586	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
587	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
588	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
589	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
590	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
591	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
592	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
593	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
594	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
595	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
596	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
597	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
598	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
599	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
600
601	END SELECT
602
603	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
604
605	ENDDO
606
607	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
608
609
610	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
611	! Description:
612	! ------------
613	!> Check namelist parameter
614	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
615	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
616
617
618	IMPLICIT NONE
619
620	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
621	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
622	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
623	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
624	ENDIF
625
626	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
627	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
628	'a value larger than or equal to zero'
629	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
630	ENDIF
631
632
633	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
634	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
635	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
636
637	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
638	'have to be given for each turbine.'
639	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
640
641	ENDIF
642
643
644	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
645
646
647	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
648	! Description:
649	! ------------
650	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
651	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
652	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
653
654
655	IMPLICIT NONE
656
657	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
658	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
659
660	!
661	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
662	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
663
664	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
665	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
666
667	nrings(:) = 0
668	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
669
670	!
671	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
672	delta_r_factor = segment_width
673	delta_t_factor = segment_length
674	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
675
676	DO inot = 1, nturbines
677	!
678	!-- Determine number of rings:
679	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
680
681	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
682
683	ENDDO
684
685	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
686
687	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
688	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
689
690	nsegs(:,:) = 0
691	nsegs_total(:) = 0
692
693
694	DO inot = 1, nturbines
695	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
696	!
697	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
698	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
699	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
700	delta_t_factor ) )
701	ENDDO
702	!
703	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
704	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
705
706	ENDDO
707
708	!
709	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
710	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
711
712	!!
713	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
714	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
715	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
716	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
717	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
718	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
719	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
720	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
721	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
722	! ENDIF
723
724
725	!
726	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
727	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
728	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
729	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
730	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
731	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
732	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
733	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
734	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
735
736	!
737	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
738	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
739	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
740	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
741	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
742	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
743	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
744
745	!
746	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
747	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
748	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
749	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
750	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
751	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
752	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
753	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
754	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
755	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
756	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
757
758	!
759	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
760	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
761	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
762	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
763	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
764	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
765	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
766
767	!
768	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
769	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
770	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
771	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
772
773	!
774	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
775	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
776	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
777	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
778	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
779	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
780	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
781	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
782	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
783
784	!
785	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
786	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
787	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
788	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
789	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
790	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
791	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
792
793	!
794	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
795	i_hub(:) = 0
796	i_smear(:) = 0
797	j_hub(:) = 0
798	j_smear(:) = 0
799	k_hub(:) = 0
800	k_smear(:) = 0
801
802	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
803	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
804
805	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
806	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
807	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
808	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
809	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
810	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
811	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
812	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
813	ENDIF
814
815	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
816	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
817	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
818
819	!
820	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
821	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
822	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
823	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
824	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
825	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
826	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
827	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
828	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
829	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
830	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
831
832	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
833	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
834	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
835	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
836	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
837	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
838
839	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
840	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
841	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
842
843	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
844	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
845	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
846	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
847	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
848	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
849	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
850	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
851
852	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
853	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
854	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
855	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
856	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
857	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
858
859
860	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
861
862
863	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
864	! Description:
865	! ------------
866	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
867	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
868	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
869
870
871	IMPLICIT NONE
872
873	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
874	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
875	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
876
877	!
878	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
879	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
880
881	!
882	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
883	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
884	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
885	!
886	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
887	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
888	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
889
890	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
891	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
892	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
893
894	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
895
896	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
897	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
898	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
899	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
900
901	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
902	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
903	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
904	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
905
906
907	IF ( speed_control) THEN
908
909	CALL wtm_speed_control
910
911	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
912
913	DO inot = 1, nturbines
914
915	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
916	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
917	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
918	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
919	ENDIF
920
921	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
922	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
923	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
924	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
925	ENDIF
926
927	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
928	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
929	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
930	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
931	ENDIF
932
933	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
934	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
935	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
936	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
937	ENDIF
938
939	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
940	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
941
942	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
943
944	ENDIF
945	ENDIF
946
947	END DO
948
949	ENDIF
950
951	ENDIF
952
953	!
954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
955	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
956	!-- (smearing of the forces)
957	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
958	!
959	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
960	!-- be calculated:
961
962	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
963	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
964	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
965	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
966	!
967	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
968	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
969	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
970	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
971	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
972	!
973	!-- Square of eps_min:
974	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
975	!
976	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
977	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
978	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
979	!
980	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
981	!-- function:
982	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
983
984	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
985	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
986
987	!
988	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
989	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
990	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
991	ENDIF
992
993
994	DO inot = 1, nturbines
995	!
996	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
997	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
998
999	!
1000	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1001	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1002	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1003	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
1004
1005	!
1006	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1007	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1008	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1009	!-- function of eps_min:
1010	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1011	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1012	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
1013
1014	ENDDO
1015
1016	!
1017	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1018	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1019	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1020	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1021	!
1022	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1023	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1024
1025	!
1026	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1027	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1028	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1029
1030	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1031
1032	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1033
1034
1035	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1036	!
1037	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1038	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1039	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1040	i = i_hub(inot)
1041
1042	!
1043	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1044	!-- grid point indices):
1045	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1046	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1047	!
1048	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1049	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1050	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1051	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1052	!-- in grid box 1.
1053	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1054	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1055
1056	!
1057	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1058	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1059	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1060	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1061
1062	!
1063	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1064	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1065	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1066
1067	DO j = nys, nyn
1068	!
1069	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1070	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1071
1072	DO k = nzb, nzt
1073
1074	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1075	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1076	!
1077	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1078	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1079	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1080	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1081	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1082	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1083	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1084	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1085	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1086	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1087	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1088	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1089	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1090	!
1091	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1092	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1093	ELSE
1094	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1095	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1096	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1097	ENDIF
1098	!
1099	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1100	ELSE
1101	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1102	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1103	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1104	ENDIF
1105	!
1106	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1107	!-- are carried out:
1108	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1109
1110	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1111	!
1112	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1113	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1114	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1115	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1116	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1117	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1118	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1119	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1120	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1121	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1122	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1123	!
1124	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1125	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1126	ELSE
1127	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1128	ENDIF
1129	!
1130	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1131	ELSE
1132	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
1133	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1134	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1135
1136	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1137
1138	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1139
1140	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1141
1142	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1143
1144	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1145
1146
1147	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1148
1149	!
1150	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1151	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1152	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1153	!!
1154	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1155	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1156	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1157	!
1158	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1159	!
1160	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1161	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1162	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1163	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1164	!!
1165	!!-- bottom intersection point
1166	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1167	!!
1168	!!-- top intersection point
1169	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1170	! ELSE
1171	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1172	! ENDIF
1173	! ENDDO
1174	!
1175	!
1176	! DO j = nys, nyn
1177	!!
1178	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1179	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1180	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1181	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1182	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1183	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1184	!!
1185	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1186	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1187	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1188	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1189	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1190	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1191	!!
1192	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1193	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1194	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1195	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1196	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1197	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1198	! dz_int = dz
1199	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1200	!!
1201	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1202	!!-- within the current grid box:
1203	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1204	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1205	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1206	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1207	! ENDIF
1208	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1209	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1210	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1211	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1212	! ENDIF
1213	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1214	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1215	! ENDIF
1216	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1217	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1218	! ENDIF
1219	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1220	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1221	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1222	! ENDIF
1223	! ENDDO
1224	! ENDIF
1225	! ENDDO
1226	! ENDIF
1227	!
1228	! ENDDO
1229	!
1230	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1231
1232	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1233
1234	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
1235	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1236
1237	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1238
1239	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1240
1241
1242	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1243	! Description:
1244	! ------------
1245	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1246	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1247	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1248	!
1249	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1250
1251
1252	IMPLICIT NONE
1253
1254	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1255	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1256
1257	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1258
1259	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1260
1261	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1262	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1263	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1264	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1265	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1266	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1267	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1268	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1269	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1270	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1271
1272	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1273	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1274	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1275
1276	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1278
1279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1284
1285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1290
1291	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1292
1293	!
1294	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1295	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1296
1297	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1298
1299	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1300	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1301	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1302	ENDIF
1303	!
1304	!-- Read distribution table:
1305
1306	dlen = 0
1307
1308	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1309
1310	rloop3: DO
1311	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1312	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1313	dlen = dlen + 1
1314	ENDDO rloop3
1315
1316	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1317
1318	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1319	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1320	ENDDO
1321
1322	DO jj = 1,dlen
1323	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1324	ENDDO
1325
1326	!
1327	!-- Read layout table:
1328
1329	dlen = 0
1330
1331	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1332
1333	rloop1: DO
1334	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1335	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1336	dlen = dlen + 1
1337	ENDDO rloop1
1338
1339	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1340	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1341	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1342	ENDDO
1343	DO jj = 1, dlen
1344	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1345	ENDDO
1346
1347	!
1348	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1349
1350	dlen = 0
1351
1352	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1353
1354	rloop2: DO
1355	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1356	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1357	dlen = dlen + 1
1358	ENDDO rloop2
1359
1360	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1361	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1362
1363	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1364	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1365	ENDDO
1366
1367	DO jj = 1,dlen
1368	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1369	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1370	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1371	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1372	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1373	ENDDO
1374
1375	ENDDO
1376
1377	dlenbl = dlen
1378
1379	CLOSE ( 90 )
1380
1381	!
1382	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
1383	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
1384	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1385	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1386	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1387
1388	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1389	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1390	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1391	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1392
1393	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1394	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1395
1396
1397	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1398	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1399
1400
1401	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1402
1403	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1404
1405	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1406	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1407	ialpha = 1
1408
1409	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1410	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1411	ENDDO
1412	!
1413	!-- Find position in table
1414	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1415	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1416
1417	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1418	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1419	ENDIF
1420
1421	trow = lct(1)
1422	!
1423	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
1424	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1425	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1426	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1427	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1428
1429	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1430	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1431	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1432	ENDIF
1433
1434	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1435	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1436	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1437	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1438	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1439	ELSE
1440	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1441	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1442	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1443	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1444	ENDIF
1445
1446	!
1447	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1448	!-- segments and angles of attack
1449
1450	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1451	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1452	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1453	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1454	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1455	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1456	( alpha_attack_i - &
1457	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1458	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1459	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1460	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1461	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1462	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1463	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1464	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1465	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1466	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1467	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1468	( alpha_attack_i - &
1469	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1470	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1471	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1472	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1473	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1474
1475	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1476
1477	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1478
1479	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1480
1481
1482	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1483	! Description:
1484	! ------------
1485	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1486	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1487	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1488	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1489
1490
1491	IMPLICIT NONE
1492
1493	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1494	!
1495	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1496	!-- the rotors
1497	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1498	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1499	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1500
1501	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1502	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1503	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1504
1505	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1506	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1507	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1508
1509	!
1510	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1511	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1512
1513	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1514	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1515	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1516	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1517	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1518	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1519	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1520	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1521	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1522	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1523	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1524	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1525	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1526	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1527	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1528	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1529	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1530	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1531	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1532	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1533	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1534	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1535	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1536	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1537
1538	!
1539	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1540	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1541	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1542	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1543	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1544
1545	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1546
1547
1548	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1549	! Description:
1550	! ------------
1551	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1552	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1553	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1554
1555
1556	IMPLICIT NONE
1557
1558	CHARACTER (LEN=2) :: turbine_id
1559
1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1561	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1562	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1563	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1564	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1566
1567	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1568	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1569	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1570
1571	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1572	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1573
1574	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1575
1576
1577	!
1578	! Variables for pitch control
1579	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1580	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1581
1582	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1583	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1584
1585	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1586
1587
1588	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1589
1590
1591	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1592
1593	!
1594	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1595	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1596	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1597	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1598	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1599	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1600	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1601	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1602	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1603	!
1604	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1605	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1606
1607	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1608	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1609	!
1610	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1611	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1612
1613	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1614	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1615	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1616	!
1617	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1618	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1619
1620	!
1621	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1622	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1623	!
1624	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1625	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1626	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1627	!
1628	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1629	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1630	!-- with y-axis):
1631	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1632	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1633	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1634
1635	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1636	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1637	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1638	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1639	re(3) = sin_rot
1640
1641	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1642	!
1643	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1644	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1645	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1646	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1647
1648	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1649	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1650	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1651	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1652	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1653
1654	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1655	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1656
1657	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1658	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1659
1660	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1661	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1662
1663	!
1664	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1665
1666	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1667	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1668	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1669	!
1670	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1671	!-- the current PE:
1672	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1673	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1674
1675	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1676	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1677	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1678	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1679	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1680	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1681	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1682	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1683	gg = dx * dy
1684
1685	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1686	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1687	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1688	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1689	) / gg
1690
1691	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1692	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1693	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1694	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1695	) / gg
1696
1697	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1698	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1699	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1700
1701	ELSE
1702	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1703	ENDIF
1704	ELSE
1705	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1706	ENDIF
1707
1708
1709	!
1710	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1711	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1712	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1713	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1714	!
1715	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1716	!-- the current PE:
1717	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1718	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1719
1720	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1721	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1722	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1723	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1724	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1725	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1726	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1727	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1728	gg = dx * dy
1729
1730	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1731	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1732	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1733	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1734	) / gg
1735
1736	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1737	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1738	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1739	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1740	) / gg
1741
1742	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1743	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1744	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1745
1746	ELSE
1747	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1748	ENDIF
1749	ELSE
1750	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1751	ENDIF
1752
1753
1754	!
1755	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1756	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1757	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1758	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
1759	!
1760	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1761	!-- the current PE:
1762	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1763	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1764
1765	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1766	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1767	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1768	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1769	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1770	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1771	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1772	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1773	gg = dx * dy
1774
1775	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1776	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1777	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1778	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1779	) / gg
1780
1781	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1782	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1783	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1784	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1785	) / gg
1786
1787	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1788	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
1789	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1790	ELSE
1791	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1792	ENDIF
1793	ELSE
1794	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1795	ENDIF
1796
1797	ENDDO
1798	ENDDO
1799
1800	ENDDO
1801
1802	!
1803	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1804	#if defined( __parallel )
1805	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1806	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1807	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1808	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1809	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1810	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1811	#else
1812	u_int = u_int_1_l
1813	v_int = v_int_1_l
1814	w_int = w_int_1_l
1815	#endif
1816
1817
1818	!
1819	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1820
1821	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1822	pit_loop: DO
1823
1824	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1825	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1826	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1827	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1828	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1829	ELSE
1830	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1831	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1832	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1833	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1834	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1835	ENDIF
1836	ENDIF
1837
1838	!
1839	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1840	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1841	!
1842	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1843	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1844	!
1845	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1846	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1847	!
1848	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1849	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1850	!-- with y-axis):
1851	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1852	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1853	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1854	!
1855	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1856	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1857	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1858	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1859	re(3) = sin_rot
1860
1861	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1862	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1863	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1864	rea(3) = cos_rot
1865
1866	!
1867	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1868	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1869	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1870	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1871	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1872	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1873	!
1874	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1875	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1876	!-- tilt:
1877	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1878	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1879	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1880	!
1881	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1882	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1883
1884	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1885
1886	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1887
1888	!
1889	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1890	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1891	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1892	!
1893	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1894	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1895	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1896	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1897	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1898	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1899	!
1900	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1901	!
1902	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1903	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1904	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1905	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1906	!
1907	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1908	!-- direction:
1909	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1910	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1911	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1912	!
1913	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1914	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1915
1916	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1917	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1918	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1919
1920	!
1921	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1922	!-- to the current radial position:
1923
1924	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1925	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1926
1927	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1928	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1929	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1930	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1931	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1932	ELSE
1933	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1934	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1935	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1936	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1937	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1938	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1939	ENDIF
1940
1941	!
1942	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1943	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1944	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1945	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1946	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1947	!
1948	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1949	!-- angle of attack:
1950	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1951	!
1952	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1953	!-- to angles given in degree:
1954	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1955	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1956	!
1957	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1958	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
1959
1960	!
1961	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1962	!-- to the rotor:
1963	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
1964	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1965	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
1966
1967	!
1968	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1969	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
1970	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
1971	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1972
1973	!
1974	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
1975	!-- the current radial position:
1976
1977	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1978	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1979	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
1980	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
1981	ELSE
1982	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
1983	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1984	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
1985	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
1986	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1987	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1988	ENDIF
1989
1990	!
1991	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
1992	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
1993	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
1994	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
1995	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
1996	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
1997	!
1998	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
1999	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2000	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2001	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2002	!
2003	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2004	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2005	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2006	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2007
2008	!
2009	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2010	!-- angles given in radian:
2011	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2012	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2013
2014	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2015
2016	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2017	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2018	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2019	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2020	!--
2021	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2022	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2023	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2024
2025	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2026
2027	END IF
2028	!
2029	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2030	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2031	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2032
2033	!
2034	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2035
2036	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2037	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2038
2039	!
2040	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2041	!-- for each ring segment:
2042	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2043	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2044	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2045
2046	!
2047	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2048	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2049	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2050	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2051	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2052	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2053	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2054	!
2055	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2056	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2057	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2058
2059	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2060	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2061
2062	!
2063	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2064	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2065	thrust_seg(rseg)
2066
2067
2068	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2069
2070	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2071
2072	!
2073	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2074	!-- each ring:
2075	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2076	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2077	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2078
2079
2080	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2081
2082
2083	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2084
2085
2086	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2087	!
2088	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2089
2090	!
2091	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2092	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2093	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2094	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2095	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2096	( inertia_rot + &
2097	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2098
2099	!
2100	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2101	!-- and rotor speed
2102	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2103
2104	ENDIF
2105
2106	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2107
2108	!
2109	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2110	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2111	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2112	!-- gain
2113	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2114	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2115	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2116	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2117	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2118	!
2119	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2120	CYCLE pit_loop
2121	ENDIF
2122
2123	!
2124	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2125	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2126	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2127	ENDIF
2128	EXIT pit_loop
2129	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2130
2131
2132	!
2133	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2134
2135	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2136	!
2137	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2138	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2139	THEN
2140	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2141	THEN
2142	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2143	ENDIF
2144	ENDIF
2145
2146	ENDIF
2147
2148
2149	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2150
2151	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2152
2153
2154	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2155	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2156	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2157	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2158	!
2159	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2160	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2161	!
2162	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2163	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2164	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2165	!-- consideration
2166	!
2167	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2168	!-- of the model domain:
2169	!
2170	!--
2171	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2172	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2173	eps_min ) / dx )
2174	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2175	eps_min ) / dy )
2176
2177	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2178	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2179	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2180	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2181	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2182	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2183	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2184	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2185	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2186	!
2187	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2188	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2189
2190	!
2191	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2192	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2193	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2194	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2195	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2196	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2197	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2198	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2199	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2200	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2201	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2202
2203	!
2204	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2205	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2206	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2207	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2208	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2209	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2210	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2211	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2212	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2213	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2214	flag
2215	ENDIF
2216	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2217	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2218	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2219	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2220	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2221	flag
2222	ENDIF
2223	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2224	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2225	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2226	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2227	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2228	flag
2229	ENDIF
2230
2231	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2232	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2233
2234	!
2235	!-- Rotation of force components:
2236	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2237	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2238	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2239	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2240	) * flag
2241
2242	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2243	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2244	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2245	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2246	) * flag
2247
2248	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2249	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2250	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2251	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2252	) * flag
2253
2254	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2255	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2256	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2257
2258	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2259
2260	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2261
2262
2263	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2264	!
2265	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2266	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2267	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2268	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2269	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2270	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2271	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2272
2273	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2274	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2275	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2276	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2277	start_up = .FALSE.
2278	ENDIF
2279
2280	!
2281	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2282	!--
2283	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2284	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2285	!
2286	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2287	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2288	THEN
2289	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2290	THEN
2291
2292	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2293
2294	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2295	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2296	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2297	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2298	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2299
2300	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2301
2302	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2303
2304	ENDIF
2305	ENDIF
2306
2307	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2308
2309	!
2310	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2311	#if defined( __parallel )
2312	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2313	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2314	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2315	comm2d, ierr )
2316	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2317	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2318	#else
2319	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2320	wdir = wdir_l
2321	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2322
2323
2324	#endif
2325	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2326	!
2327	!-- Update rotor orientation
2328	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2329
2330	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2331
2332	END IF ! end of yaw control
2333
2334	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2335	!
2336	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2337	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2338	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2339	#if defined( __parallel )
2340	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2341	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2342	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2343	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2344	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2345	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2346	#else
2347	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2348	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2349	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2350	#endif
2351
2352	ENDIF
2353
2354	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2355
2356	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2357	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2358	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2359	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2360	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2361	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2362	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2363	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2364	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2365	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2366
2367	ELSE
2368
2369	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(I2.2)') inot
2370	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'TURBINE_PARAMETERS'//turbine_id ), &
2371	FORM='FORMATTED' )
2372	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2373	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2374	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2375	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2376	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2377	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2378	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2379	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2380	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2381	ENDIF
2382	ENDIF
2383
2384	!-- Set open flag
2385	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2386	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2387
2388	ENDIF
2389
2390	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2391
2392	!
2393	!-- Formats
2394	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2395	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2396	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2397	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2398	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2399
2400	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2401	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2402
2403
2404	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2405
2406
2407	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2408	! Description:
2409	! ------------
2410	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2411	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2412	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2413
2414	USE kinds
2415
2416	IMPLICIT NONE
2417
2418	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2419	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2420	REAL(wp) :: missal
2421
2422	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2423
2424	!
2425	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2426	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2427	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2428	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2429	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2430	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2431	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2432	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2433	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2434	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2435	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2436	!
2437	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2438	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2439	!
2440	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2441	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2442	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2443	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2444	!
2445	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2446	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2447
2448	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2449	!
2450	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2451	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2452	!
2453	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2454	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2455	!
2456	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2457	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2458	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2459	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2460	ENDIF
2461	ENDIF
2462
2463	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2464
2465	!
2466	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2467	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2468	!-- than min_miss
2469
2470	ELSE
2471	!
2472	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2473	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2474	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2475	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2476	!
2477	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2478	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2479	!
2480	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2481	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2482	!
2483	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2484	!-- yaw direction is still right
2485	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2486	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2487	!
2488	!-- Continue yawing
2489	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2490	ELSE
2491	!
2492	!-- Stop yawing
2493	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2494	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2495	ENDIF
2496	ELSE
2497	!
2498	!-- Continue yawing
2499	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2500	ENDIF
2501
2502	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2503
2504	ENDIF
2505
2506	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2507
2508
2509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2510	! Description:
2511	! ------------
2512	!> Initialization of the speed control
2513	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2514	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2515
2516
2517	IMPLICIT NONE
2518
2519	!
2520	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2521	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2522	!
2523	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2524	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2525	!
2526	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2527	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2528	!
2529	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2530	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2531	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2532	!
2533	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2534	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2535	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2536	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2537	!
2538	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2539	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2540	!
2541	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2542	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2543	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2544	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2545	ENDIF
2546
2547	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2548
2549
2550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2551	! Description:
2552	! ------------
2553	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2555	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2556
2557
2558	IMPLICIT NONE
2559
2560	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2561
2562
2563
2564	!
2565	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2566	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2567	!-- offshore system developement"
2568
2569	!
2570	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2571	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2572	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2573	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2574	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2575
2576	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2577	!
2578	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2579	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2580
2581	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2582	!
2583	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2584	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2585
2586	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2587	!
2588	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2589	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2590	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2591
2592	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2593	!
2594	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2595	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2596
2597	ELSE
2598	!
2599	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2600	!-- keep the power constant:
2601	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2602
2603	ENDIF
2604	!
2605	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2606	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2607	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2608	!
2609	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2610	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2611	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2612	!
2613	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2614	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2615
2616
2617	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2618
2619
2620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2621	! Description:
2622	! ------------
2623	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2624	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2625	!> Call for all grid points
2626	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2627	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2628
2629
2630	IMPLICIT NONE
2631
2632	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2633	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2634	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2635	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2636
2637
2638	SELECT CASE ( component )
2639
2640	CASE ( 1 )
2641	!
2642	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2643	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2644	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2645	DO j = nysg, nyng
2646	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2647	!
2648	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2649	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2650	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2651	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2652	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2653
2654	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2655	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2656	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2657	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2658	ENDDO
2659	ENDDO
2660	ENDDO
2661	ENDIF
2662
2663	CASE ( 2 )
2664	!
2665	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2666	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2667	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2668	DO j = nysg, nyng
2669	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2670	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2671	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2672	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2673	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2674	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2675	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2676	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2677	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2678	ENDDO
2679	ENDDO
2680	ENDDO
2681	ENDIF
2682
2683	CASE ( 3 )
2684	!
2685	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2686	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2687	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2688	DO j = nysg, nyng
2689	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2690	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2691	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2692	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2693	ENDDO
2694	ENDDO
2695	ENDDO
2696	ENDIF
2697
2698
2699	CASE DEFAULT
2700
2701	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2702	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2703
2704	END SELECT
2705
2706
2707	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2708
2709
2710	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2711	! Description:
2712	! ------------
2713	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2714	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2715	!> Call for grid point i,j
2716	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2717	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2718
2719
2720	IMPLICIT NONE
2721
2722	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2723	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2724	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2725	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2726
2727	SELECT CASE ( component )
2728
2729	CASE ( 1 )
2730	!
2731	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2732	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2733	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2734	!
2735	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2736	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2737	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2738	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2739	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2740	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2741	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2742	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2743	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2744	ENDDO
2745	ENDIF
2746
2747	CASE ( 2 )
2748	!
2749	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2750	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2751	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2752	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2753	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2754	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2755	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2756	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2757	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2758	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2759	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2760	ENDDO
2761	ENDIF
2762
2763	CASE ( 3 )
2764	!
2765	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2766	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2767	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2768	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2769	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2770	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2771	ENDDO
2772	ENDIF
2773
2774
2775	CASE DEFAULT
2776
2777	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2778	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2779
2780	END SELECT
2781
2782
2783	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2784
2785	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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