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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2572

Last change on this file since 2572 was 2563, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Restart runs with the usage of the wind turbine model are possible now. Further small at reading/writing restart data
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 114.7 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2017 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z scharf $
28	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
29	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
30	! defined
31	!
32	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
33	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
34	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
35	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
36	!
37	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
38	! Revise error message PA0462
39	!
40	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
41	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
42	!
43	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
44	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
45	!
46	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
47	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
48	!
49	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
50	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
51	!
52	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
53	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
54	!
55	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
56	!
57	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
58	! Adjustments to new topography concept
59	!
60	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
61	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
62	! Addition of a tip loss model
63	!
64	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
65	! Bugfix of pitch control
66	!
67	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
68	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
69	!
70	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
71	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
72	!
73	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
74	! Initial revision
75	!
76	!
77	! Description:
78	! ------------
79	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
80	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
81	!> (ADM-R).
82	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
83	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
84	!> yaw.
85	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
86	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
87	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
88	!> automatically).
89	!>
90	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
91	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
92	!> @todo Generate header information
93	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
94	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
95	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
96	!> @todo Include additional output variables
97	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
98	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
99	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
100	!
101	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
102	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
103
104	USE arrays_3d, &
105	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
106
107	USE constants, &
108	ONLY: pi
109
110	USE control_parameters, &
111	ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, wind_turbine, &
112	initializing_actions
113
114	USE cpulog, &
115	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
116
117	USE grid_variables, &
118	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
119
120	USE indices, &
121	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
122	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
123
124	USE kinds
125
126	USE pegrid
127
128
129	IMPLICIT NONE
130
131	PRIVATE
132
133	!
134	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
135
136	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
137	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
138
139	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
140	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
141	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
142	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
143
144	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
145	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
146	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
147	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
148	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
149	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
150
151	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
152	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
153	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
154	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
155	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
156	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
157	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
158	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
159	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
160	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
161	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
162
163	!
164	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
165	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
166
167	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
168	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
169	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
170	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
171	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
172	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
173	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
174	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
175	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
176	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
177	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
178	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
179	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
180	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
181
182
183	!
184	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
185
186	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
187	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
188	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
189
190	!
191	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
192	TYPE file_status
193	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
194	END TYPE file_status
195
196	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
197	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
198
199	!
200	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
201
202	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
203	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
204	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
205	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
206	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
207	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
208
209	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
210
211	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
212	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
213	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
214	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
215	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
216	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
217	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
218	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
219
220	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
221
222	!
223	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
224	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
225	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
226	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
227	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
228	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
229	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
230	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
231
232	!
233	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
238
239	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
240	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
241
242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
244
245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
247
248	!
249	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
250
251	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
252	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
253	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
254	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
255	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
256	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
257	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
258	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
259	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
260	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
261	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
262	!
263	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
264	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
265	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
266	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
267	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
268
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
278
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
281
282	!
283	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
290
291	!
292	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
296
297	!
298	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
302
303	!
304	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
308
309	!
310	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
314	!
315	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
317
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
327
328	!
329	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
330
331	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
332
333	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
334	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
335	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
336	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
337	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
338	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
339	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
340	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
341
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
343
344	!
345	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
346
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
357	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
358	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
359	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
360
361	!
362	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
370
371
372	SAVE
373
374
375	INTERFACE wtm_parin
376	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
377	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
378
379	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
380	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
381	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
382
383	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
384	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
385	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
386
387	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
388	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
389	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
390
391	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
392	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
393	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
394
395	INTERFACE wtm_init
396	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
397	END INTERFACE wtm_init
398
399	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
400	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
401	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
402
403	INTERFACE wtm_forces
404	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
405	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
406
407	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
408	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
409	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
410
411	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
412	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
413	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
414
415	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
416	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
417	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
418	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
419
420	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
421	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
422	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
423	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
424
425
426	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
427	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies
428
429
430	CONTAINS
431
432
433	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
434	! Description:
435	! ------------
436	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
437	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
438	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
439
440
441	IMPLICIT NONE
442
443	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
444
445	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
446
447	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
448	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
449	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
450	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
451	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
452	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
453	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
454	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
455	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
456	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
457
458	!
459	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
460	REWIND ( 11 )
461	line = ' '
462	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
463	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
464	ENDDO
465	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
466
467	!
468	!-- Read user-defined namelist
469	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
470
471	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
472	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
473	'End of file has reached'
474	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
475	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
476	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
477	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
478	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
479	ENDIF
480
481	!
482	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
483	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
484
485	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
486	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
487	ENDIF
488
489	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
490
491
492	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
493
494
495	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
496	! Description:
497	! ------------
498	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
499	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
500	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
501
502	IMPLICIT NONE
503
504	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
505	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
506	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
507	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
508	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
509	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
510	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
511	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
512	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
513	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
514	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
515	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
516	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
517	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
518	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
519	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
520	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
521	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
522	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
523	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
524
525	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
526
527	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
528
529
530	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
531	! Description:
532	! ------------
533	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
534	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
535	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
536
537
538	IMPLICIT NONE
539
540	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
541
542
543	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
544	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
545
546	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
547
548	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
549	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
550	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
551	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
552	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
553	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
554	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
555	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
556	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
557	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
558	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
559	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
560	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
561	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
562	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
563	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
564	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
565	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
566	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
567	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
568
569	END SELECT
570
571	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
572
573	ENDDO
574
575	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
576
577
578	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
579	! Description:
580	! ------------
581	!> Check namelist parameter
582	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
583	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
584
585
586	IMPLICIT NONE
587
588	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
589	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
590	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
591	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
592	ENDIF
593
594	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
595	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
596	'a value larger than or equal to zero'
597	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
598	ENDIF
599
600
601	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
602	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
603	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
604
605	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
606	'have to be given for each turbine.'
607	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
608
609	ENDIF
610
611
612	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
613
614
615	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
616	! Description:
617	! ------------
618	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
619	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
620	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
621
622
623	IMPLICIT NONE
624
625	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
626	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
627
628	!
629	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
630	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
631
632	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
633	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
634
635	nrings(:) = 0
636	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
637
638	!
639	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
640	delta_r_factor = segment_width
641	delta_t_factor = segment_length
642	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
643
644	DO inot = 1, nturbines
645	!
646	!-- Determine number of rings:
647	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
648
649	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
650
651	ENDDO
652
653	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
654
655	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
656	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
657
658	nsegs(:,:) = 0
659	nsegs_total(:) = 0
660
661
662	DO inot = 1, nturbines
663	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
664	!
665	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
666	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
667	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
668	delta_t_factor ) )
669	ENDDO
670	!
671	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
672	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
673
674	ENDDO
675
676	!
677	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
678	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
679
680	!!
681	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
682	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
683	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
684	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
685	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
686	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
687	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
688	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
689	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
690	! ENDIF
691
692
693	!
694	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
695	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
696	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
697	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
698	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
699	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
700	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
701	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
702	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
703
704	!
705	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
706	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
707	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
708	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
709	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
710	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
711	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
712
713	!
714	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
715	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
716	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
717	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
718	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
719	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
720	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
721	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
722	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
723	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
724	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
725
726	!
727	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
728	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
729	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
730	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
731	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
732	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
733	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
734
735	!
736	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
737	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
738	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
739	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
740
741	!
742	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
743	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
744	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
745	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
746	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
747	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
748	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
749	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
750	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
751
752	!
753	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
754	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
755	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
756	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
757	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
758	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
759	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
760
761	!
762	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
763	i_hub(:) = 0
764	i_smear(:) = 0
765	j_hub(:) = 0
766	j_smear(:) = 0
767	k_hub(:) = 0
768	k_smear(:) = 0
769
770	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
771	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
772
773	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
774	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
775	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
776	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
777	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
778	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
779	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
780	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
781	ENDIF
782
783	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
784	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
785	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
786
787	!
788	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
789	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
790	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
791	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
792	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
793	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
794	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
795	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
796	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
797	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
798	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
799
800	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
801	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
802	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
803	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
804	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
805	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
806
807	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
808	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
809	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
810
811	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
812	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
813	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
814	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
815	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
816	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
817	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
818	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
819
820	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
821	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
822	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
823	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
824	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
825	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
826
827
828	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
829
830
831	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
832	! Description:
833	! ------------
834	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
835	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
836	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
837
838
839	IMPLICIT NONE
840
841	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
842	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
843	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
844
845	!
846	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
847	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
848
849	!
850	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
851	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
852	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
853	!
854	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
855	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
856	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
857
858	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
859	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
860	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
861
862	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
863
864	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
865	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
866	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
867	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
868
869	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
870	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
871	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
872	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
873
874
875	IF ( speed_control) THEN
876
877	CALL wtm_speed_control
878
879	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
880
881	DO inot = 1, nturbines
882
883	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
884	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
885	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
886	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
887	ENDIF
888
889	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
890	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
891	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
892	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
893	ENDIF
894
895	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
896	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
897	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
898	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
899	ENDIF
900
901	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
902	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
903	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
904	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
905	ENDIF
906
907	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
908	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
909
910	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
911
912	ENDIF
913	ENDIF
914
915	END DO
916
917	ENDIF
918
919	ENDIF
920
921	!
922	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
923	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
924	!-- (smearing of the forces)
925	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
926	!
927	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
928	!-- be calculated:
929
930	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
931	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
932	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
933	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
934	!
935	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
936	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
937	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
938	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
939	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
940	!
941	!-- Square of eps_min:
942	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
943	!
944	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
945	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
946	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
947	!
948	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
949	!-- function:
950	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
951
952	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
953	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
954
955	!
956	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
957	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
958	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
959	ENDIF
960
961
962	DO inot = 1, nturbines
963	!
964	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
965	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
966
967	!
968	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
969	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
970	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
971	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
972
973	!
974	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
975	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
976	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
977	!-- function of eps_min:
978	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
979	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
980	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
981
982	ENDDO
983
984	!
985	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
986	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
987	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
988	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
989	!
990	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
991	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
992
993	!
994	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
995	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
996	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
997
998	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
999
1000	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1001
1002
1003	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1004	!
1005	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1006	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1007	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1008	i = i_hub(inot)
1009
1010	!
1011	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1012	!-- grid point indices):
1013	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1014	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1015	!
1016	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1017	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1018	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1019	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1020	!-- in grid box 1.
1021	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1022	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1023
1024	!
1025	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1026	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1027	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1028	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1029
1030	!
1031	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1032	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1033	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1034
1035	DO j = nys, nyn
1036	!
1037	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1038	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1039
1040	DO k = nzb, nzt
1041
1042	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1043	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1044	!
1045	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1046	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1047	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1048	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1049	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1050	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1051	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1052	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1053	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1054	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1055	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1056	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1057	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1058	!
1059	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1060	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1061	ELSE
1062	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1063	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1064	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1065	ENDIF
1066	!
1067	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1068	ELSE
1069	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1070	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1071	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1072	ENDIF
1073	!
1074	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1075	!-- are carried out:
1076	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1077
1078	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1079	!
1080	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1081	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1082	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1083	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1084	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1085	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1086	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1087	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1088	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1089	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1090	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1091	!
1092	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1093	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1094	ELSE
1095	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1096	ENDIF
1097	!
1098	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1099	ELSE
1100	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
1101	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1102	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1103
1104	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1105
1106	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1107
1108	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1109
1110	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1111
1112	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1113
1114
1115	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1116
1117	!
1118	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1119	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1120	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1121	!!
1122	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1123	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1124	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1125	!
1126	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1127	!
1128	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1129	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1130	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1131	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1132	!!
1133	!!-- bottom intersection point
1134	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1135	!!
1136	!!-- top intersection point
1137	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1138	! ELSE
1139	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1140	! ENDIF
1141	! ENDDO
1142	!
1143	!
1144	! DO j = nys, nyn
1145	!!
1146	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1147	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1148	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1149	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1150	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1151	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1152	!!
1153	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1154	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1155	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1156	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1157	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1158	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1159	!!
1160	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1161	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1162	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1163	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1164	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1165	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1166	! dz_int = dz
1167	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1168	!!
1169	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1170	!!-- within the current grid box:
1171	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1172	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1173	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1174	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1175	! ENDIF
1176	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1177	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1178	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1179	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1180	! ENDIF
1181	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1182	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1183	! ENDIF
1184	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1185	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1186	! ENDIF
1187	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1188	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1189	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1190	! ENDIF
1191	! ENDDO
1192	! ENDIF
1193	! ENDDO
1194	! ENDIF
1195	!
1196	! ENDDO
1197	!
1198	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1199
1200	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1201
1202	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
1203	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1204
1205	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1206
1207	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1208
1209
1210	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1211	! Description:
1212	! ------------
1213	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1214	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1215	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1216	!
1217	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1218
1219
1220	IMPLICIT NONE
1221
1222	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1223	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1224
1225	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1226
1227	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1228
1229	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1230	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1231	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1232	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1233	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1234	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1235	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1236	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1237	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1238	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1239
1240	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1241	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1242	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1243
1244	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1245	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1246
1247	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1252
1253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1258
1259	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1260
1261	!
1262	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1263	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1264
1265	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1266
1267	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1268	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1269	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1270	ENDIF
1271	!
1272	!-- Read distribution table:
1273
1274	dlen = 0
1275
1276	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1277
1278	rloop3: DO
1279	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1280	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1281	dlen = dlen + 1
1282	ENDDO rloop3
1283
1284	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1285
1286	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1287	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1288	ENDDO
1289
1290	DO jj = 1,dlen
1291	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1292	ENDDO
1293
1294	!
1295	!-- Read layout table:
1296
1297	dlen = 0
1298
1299	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1300
1301	rloop1: DO
1302	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1303	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1304	dlen = dlen + 1
1305	ENDDO rloop1
1306
1307	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1308	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1309	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1310	ENDDO
1311	DO jj = 1, dlen
1312	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1313	ENDDO
1314
1315	!
1316	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1317
1318	dlen = 0
1319
1320	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1321
1322	rloop2: DO
1323	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1324	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1325	dlen = dlen + 1
1326	ENDDO rloop2
1327
1328	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1329	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1330
1331	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1332	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1333	ENDDO
1334
1335	DO jj = 1,dlen
1336	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1337	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1338	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1339	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1340	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1341	ENDDO
1342
1343	ENDDO
1344
1345	dlenbl = dlen
1346
1347	CLOSE ( 90 )
1348
1349	!
1350	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
1351	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
1352	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1353	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1354	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1355
1356	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1357	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1358	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1359	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1360
1361	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1362	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1363
1364
1365	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1366	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1367
1368
1369	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1370
1371	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1372
1373	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1374	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1375	ialpha = 1
1376
1377	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1378	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1379	ENDDO
1380	!
1381	!-- Find position in table
1382	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1383	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1384
1385	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1386	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1387	ENDIF
1388
1389	trow = lct(1)
1390	!
1391	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
1392	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1393	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1394	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1395	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1396
1397	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1398	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1399	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1400	ENDIF
1401
1402	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1403	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1404	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1405	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1406	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1407	ELSE
1408	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1409	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1410	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1411	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1412	ENDIF
1413
1414	!
1415	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1416	!-- segments and angles of attack
1417
1418	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1419	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1420	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1421	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1422	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1423	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1424	( alpha_attack_i - &
1425	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1426	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1427	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1428	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1429	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1430	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1431	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1432	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1433	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1434	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1435	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1436	( alpha_attack_i - &
1437	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1438	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1439	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1440	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1441	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1442
1443	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1444
1445	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1446
1447	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1448
1449
1450	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1451	! Description:
1452	! ------------
1453	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1454	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1455	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1456	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1457
1458
1459	IMPLICIT NONE
1460
1461	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1462	!
1463	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1464	!-- the rotors
1465	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1466	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1467	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1468
1469	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1470	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1471	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1472
1473	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1474	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1475	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1476
1477	!
1478	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1479	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1480
1481	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1482	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1483	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1484	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1485	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1486	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1487	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1488	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1489	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1490	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1491	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1492	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1493	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1494	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1495	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1496	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1497	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1498	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1499	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1500	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1501	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1502	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1503	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1504	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1505
1506	!
1507	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1508	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1509	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1510	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1511	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1512
1513	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1514
1515
1516	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1517	! Description:
1518	! ------------
1519	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1520	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1521	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1522
1523
1524	IMPLICIT NONE
1525
1526	CHARACTER (LEN=2) :: turbine_id
1527
1528	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1529	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1530	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1531	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1532	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1533	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1534
1535	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1536	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1537	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1538
1539	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1540	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1541
1542	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1543
1544
1545	!
1546	! Variables for pitch control
1547	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1548	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1549
1550	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1551	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1552
1553	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1554
1555
1556	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1557
1558
1559	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1560
1561	!
1562	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1563	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1564	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1565	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1566	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1567	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1568	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1569	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1570	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1571	!
1572	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1573	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1574
1575	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1576	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1577	!
1578	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1579	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1580
1581	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1582	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1583	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1584	!
1585	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1586	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1587
1588	!
1589	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1590	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1591	!
1592	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1593	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1594	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1595	!
1596	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1597	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1598	!-- with y-axis):
1599	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1600	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1601	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1602
1603	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1604	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1605	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1606	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1607	re(3) = sin_rot
1608
1609	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1610	!
1611	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1612	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1613	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1614	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1615
1616	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1617	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1618	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1619	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1620	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1621
1622	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1623	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1624
1625	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1626	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1627
1628	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1629	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1630
1631	!
1632	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1633
1634	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1635	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1636	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1637	!
1638	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1639	!-- the current PE:
1640	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1641	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1642
1643	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1644	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1645	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1646	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1647	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1648	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1649	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1650	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1651	gg = dx * dy
1652
1653	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1654	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1655	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1656	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1657	) / gg
1658
1659	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1660	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1661	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1662	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1663	) / gg
1664
1665	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1666	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1667	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1668
1669	ELSE
1670	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1671	ENDIF
1672	ELSE
1673	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1674	ENDIF
1675
1676
1677	!
1678	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1679	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1680	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1681	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1682	!
1683	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1684	!-- the current PE:
1685	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1686	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1687
1688	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1689	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1690	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1691	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1692	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1693	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1694	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1695	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1696	gg = dx * dy
1697
1698	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1699	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1700	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1701	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1702	) / gg
1703
1704	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1705	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1706	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1707	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1708	) / gg
1709
1710	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1711	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1712	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1713
1714	ELSE
1715	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1716	ENDIF
1717	ELSE
1718	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1719	ENDIF
1720
1721
1722	!
1723	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1724	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1725	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1726	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
1727	!
1728	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1729	!-- the current PE:
1730	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1731	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1732
1733	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1734	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1735	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1736	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1737	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1738	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1739	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1740	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1741	gg = dx * dy
1742
1743	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1744	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1745	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1746	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1747	) / gg
1748
1749	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1750	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1751	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1752	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1753	) / gg
1754
1755	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1756	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
1757	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1758	ELSE
1759	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1760	ENDIF
1761	ELSE
1762	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1763	ENDIF
1764
1765	ENDDO
1766	ENDDO
1767
1768	ENDDO
1769
1770	!
1771	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1772	#if defined( __parallel )
1773	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1774	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1775	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1776	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1777	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1778	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1779	#else
1780	u_int = u_int_1_l
1781	v_int = v_int_1_l
1782	w_int = w_int_1_l
1783	#endif
1784
1785
1786	!
1787	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1788
1789	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1790	pit_loop: DO
1791
1792	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1793	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1794	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1795	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1796	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1797	ELSE
1798	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1799	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1800	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1801	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1802	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1803	ENDIF
1804	ENDIF
1805
1806	!
1807	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1808	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1809	!
1810	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1811	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1812	!
1813	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1814	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1815	!
1816	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1817	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1818	!-- with y-axis):
1819	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1820	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1821	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1822	!
1823	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1824	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1825	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1826	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1827	re(3) = sin_rot
1828
1829	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1830	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1831	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1832	rea(3) = cos_rot
1833
1834	!
1835	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1836	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1837	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1838	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1839	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1840	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1841	!
1842	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1843	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1844	!-- tilt:
1845	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1846	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1847	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1848	!
1849	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1850	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1851
1852	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1853
1854	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1855
1856	!
1857	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1858	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1859	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1860	!
1861	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1862	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1863	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1864	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1865	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1866	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1867	!
1868	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1869	!
1870	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1871	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1872	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1873	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1874	!
1875	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1876	!-- direction:
1877	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1878	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1879	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1880	!
1881	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1882	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1883
1884	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1885	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1886	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1887
1888	!
1889	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1890	!-- to the current radial position:
1891
1892	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1893	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1894
1895	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1896	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1897	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1898	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1899	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1900	ELSE
1901	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1902	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1903	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1904	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1905	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1906	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1907	ENDIF
1908
1909	!
1910	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1911	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1912	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1913	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1914	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1915	!
1916	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1917	!-- angle of attack:
1918	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1919	!
1920	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1921	!-- to angles given in degree:
1922	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1923	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1924	!
1925	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1926	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
1927
1928	!
1929	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1930	!-- to the rotor:
1931	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
1932	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1933	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
1934
1935	!
1936	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1937	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
1938	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
1939	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1940
1941	!
1942	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
1943	!-- the current radial position:
1944
1945	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1946	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1947	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
1948	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
1949	ELSE
1950	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
1951	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1952	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
1953	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
1954	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1955	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1956	ENDIF
1957
1958	!
1959	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
1960	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
1961	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
1962	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
1963	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
1964	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
1965	!
1966	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
1967	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
1968	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
1969	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
1970	!
1971	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
1972	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
1973	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
1974	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
1975
1976	!
1977	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
1978	!-- angles given in radian:
1979	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1980	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1981
1982	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
1983
1984	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
1985	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
1986	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
1987	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
1988	!--
1989	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
1990	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
1991	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
1992
1993	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
1994
1995	END IF
1996	!
1997	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
1998	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
1999	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2000
2001	!
2002	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2003
2004	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2005	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2006
2007	!
2008	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2009	!-- for each ring segment:
2010	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2011	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2012	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2013
2014	!
2015	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2016	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2017	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2018	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2019	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2020	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2021	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2022	!
2023	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2024	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2025	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2026
2027	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2028	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2029
2030	!
2031	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2032	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2033	thrust_seg(rseg)
2034
2035
2036	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2037
2038	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2039
2040	!
2041	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2042	!-- each ring:
2043	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2044	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2045	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2046
2047
2048	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2049
2050
2051	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2052
2053
2054	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2055	!
2056	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2057
2058	!
2059	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2060	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2061	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2062	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2063	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2064	( inertia_rot + &
2065	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2066
2067	!
2068	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2069	!-- and rotor speed
2070	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2071
2072	ENDIF
2073
2074	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2075
2076	!
2077	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2078	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2079	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2080	!-- gain
2081	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2082	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2083	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2084	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2085	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2086	!
2087	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2088	CYCLE pit_loop
2089	ENDIF
2090
2091	!
2092	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2093	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2094	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2095	ENDIF
2096	EXIT pit_loop
2097	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2098
2099
2100	!
2101	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2102
2103	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2104	!
2105	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2106	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2107	THEN
2108	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2109	THEN
2110	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2111	ENDIF
2112	ENDIF
2113
2114	ENDIF
2115
2116
2117	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2118
2119	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2120
2121
2122	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2123	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2124	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2125	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2126	!
2127	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2128	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2129	!
2130	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2131	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2132	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2133	!-- consideration
2134	!
2135	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2136	!-- of the model domain:
2137	!
2138	!--
2139	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2140	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2141	eps_min ) / dx )
2142	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2143	eps_min ) / dy )
2144
2145	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2146	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2147	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2148	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2149	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2150	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2151	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2152	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2153	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2154	!
2155	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2156	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2157
2158	!
2159	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2160	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2161	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2162	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2163	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2164	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2165	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2166	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2167	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2168	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2169	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2170
2171	!
2172	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2173	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2174	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2175	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2176	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2177	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2178	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2179	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2180	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2181	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2182	flag
2183	ENDIF
2184	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2185	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2186	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2187	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2188	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2189	flag
2190	ENDIF
2191	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2192	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2193	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2194	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2195	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2196	flag
2197	ENDIF
2198
2199	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2200	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2201
2202	!
2203	!-- Rotation of force components:
2204	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2205	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2206	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2207	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2208	) * flag
2209
2210	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2211	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2212	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2213	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2214	) * flag
2215
2216	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2217	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2218	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2219	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2220	) * flag
2221
2222	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2223	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2224	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2225
2226	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2227
2228	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2229
2230
2231	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2232	!
2233	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2234	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2235	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2236	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2237	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2238	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2239	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2240
2241	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2242	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2243	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2244	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2245	start_up = .FALSE.
2246	ENDIF
2247
2248	!
2249	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2250	!--
2251	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2252	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2253	!
2254	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2255	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2256	THEN
2257	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2258	THEN
2259
2260	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2261
2262	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2263	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2264	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2265	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2266	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2267
2268	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2269
2270	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2271
2272	ENDIF
2273	ENDIF
2274
2275	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2276
2277	!
2278	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2279	#if defined( __parallel )
2280	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2281	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2282	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2283	comm2d, ierr )
2284	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2285	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2286	#else
2287	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2288	wdir = wdir_l
2289	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2290
2291
2292	#endif
2293	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2294	!
2295	!-- Update rotor orientation
2296	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2297
2298	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2299
2300	END IF ! end of yaw control
2301
2302	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2303	!
2304	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2305	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2306	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2307	#if defined( __parallel )
2308	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2309	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2310	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2311	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2312	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2313	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2314	#else
2315	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2316	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2317	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2318	#endif
2319
2320	ENDIF
2321
2322	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2323
2324	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2325	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2326	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2327	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2328	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2329	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2330	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2331	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2332	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2333	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2334
2335	ELSE
2336
2337	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(I2.2)') inot
2338	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'TURBINE_PARAMETERS'//turbine_id ), &
2339	FORM='FORMATTED' )
2340	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2341	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2342	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2343	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2344	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2345	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2346	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2347	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2348	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2349	ENDIF
2350	ENDIF
2351
2352	!-- Set open flag
2353	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2354	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2355
2356	ENDIF
2357
2358	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2359
2360	!
2361	!-- Formats
2362	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2363	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2364	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2365	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2366	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2367
2368	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2369	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2370
2371
2372	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2373
2374
2375	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2376	! Description:
2377	! ------------
2378	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2379	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2380	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2381
2382	USE kinds
2383
2384	IMPLICIT NONE
2385
2386	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2387	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2388	REAL(wp) :: missal
2389
2390	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2391
2392	!
2393	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2394	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2395	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2396	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2397	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2398	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2399	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2400	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2401	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2402	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2403	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2404	!
2405	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2406	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2407	!
2408	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2409	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2410	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2411	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2412	!
2413	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2414	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2415
2416	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2417	!
2418	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2419	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2420	!
2421	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2422	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2423	!
2424	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2425	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2426	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2427	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2428	ENDIF
2429	ENDIF
2430
2431	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2432
2433	!
2434	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2435	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2436	!-- than min_miss
2437
2438	ELSE
2439	!
2440	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2441	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2442	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2443	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2444	!
2445	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2446	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2447	!
2448	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2449	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2450	!
2451	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2452	!-- yaw direction is still right
2453	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2454	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2455	!
2456	!-- Continue yawing
2457	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2458	ELSE
2459	!
2460	!-- Stop yawing
2461	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2462	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2463	ENDIF
2464	ELSE
2465	!
2466	!-- Continue yawing
2467	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2468	ENDIF
2469
2470	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2471
2472	ENDIF
2473
2474	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2475
2476
2477	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2478	! Description:
2479	! ------------
2480	!> Initialization of the speed control
2481	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2482	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2483
2484
2485	IMPLICIT NONE
2486
2487	!
2488	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2489	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2490	!
2491	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2492	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2493	!
2494	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2495	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2496	!
2497	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2498	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2499	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2500	!
2501	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2502	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2503	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2504	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2505	!
2506	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2507	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2508	!
2509	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2510	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2511	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2512	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2513	ENDIF
2514
2515	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2516
2517
2518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2519	! Description:
2520	! ------------
2521	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2522	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2523	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2524
2525
2526	IMPLICIT NONE
2527
2528	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2529
2530
2531
2532	!
2533	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2534	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2535	!-- offshore system developement"
2536
2537	!
2538	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2539	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2540	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2541	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2542	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2543
2544	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2545	!
2546	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2547	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2548
2549	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2550	!
2551	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2552	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2553
2554	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2555	!
2556	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2557	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2558	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2559
2560	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2561	!
2562	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2563	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2564
2565	ELSE
2566	!
2567	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2568	!-- keep the power constant:
2569	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2570
2571	ENDIF
2572	!
2573	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2574	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2575	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2576	!
2577	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2578	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2579	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2580	!
2581	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2582	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2583
2584
2585	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2586
2587
2588	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2589	! Description:
2590	! ------------
2591	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2592	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2593	!> Call for all grid points
2594	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2595	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2596
2597
2598	IMPLICIT NONE
2599
2600	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2601	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2602	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2603	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2604
2605
2606	SELECT CASE ( component )
2607
2608	CASE ( 1 )
2609	!
2610	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2611	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2612	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2613	DO j = nysg, nyng
2614	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2615	!
2616	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2617	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2618	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2619	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2620	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2621
2622	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2623	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2624	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2625	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2626	ENDDO
2627	ENDDO
2628	ENDDO
2629	ENDIF
2630
2631	CASE ( 2 )
2632	!
2633	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2634	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2635	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2636	DO j = nysg, nyng
2637	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2638	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2639	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2640	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2641	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2642	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2643	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2644	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2645	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2646	ENDDO
2647	ENDDO
2648	ENDDO
2649	ENDIF
2650
2651	CASE ( 3 )
2652	!
2653	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2654	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2655	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2656	DO j = nysg, nyng
2657	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2658	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2659	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2660	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2661	ENDDO
2662	ENDDO
2663	ENDDO
2664	ENDIF
2665
2666
2667	CASE DEFAULT
2668
2669	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2670	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2671
2672	END SELECT
2673
2674
2675	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2676
2677
2678	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2679	! Description:
2680	! ------------
2681	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2682	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2683	!> Call for grid point i,j
2684	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2685	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2686
2687
2688	IMPLICIT NONE
2689
2690	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2691	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2692	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2693	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2694
2695	SELECT CASE ( component )
2696
2697	CASE ( 1 )
2698	!
2699	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2700	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2701	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2702	!
2703	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2704	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2705	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2706	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2707	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2708	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2709	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2710	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2711	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2712	ENDDO
2713	ENDIF
2714
2715	CASE ( 2 )
2716	!
2717	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2718	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2719	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2720	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2721	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2722	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2723	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2724	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2725	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2726	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2727	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2728	ENDDO
2729	ENDIF
2730
2731	CASE ( 3 )
2732	!
2733	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2734	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2735	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2736	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2737	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2738	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2739	ENDDO
2740	ENDIF
2741
2742
2743	CASE DEFAULT
2744
2745	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2746	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2747
2748	END SELECT
2749
2750
2751	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2752
2753	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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