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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 3053

Last change on this file since 3053 was 3049, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z suehring $
28	! Error messages revised
29	!
30	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
31	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
32	!
33	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
34	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
35	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
36	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
37	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
38	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
39	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
40	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
41	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
42	! restart data is read
43	!
44	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
45	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
46	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
47	! turbine model
48	!
49	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
50	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
51	! case of restart runs
52	!
53	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
54	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
55	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
56	!
57	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
58	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
59	!
60	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
61	! Change in file header (GPL part)
62	!
63	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
64	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
65	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
66	!
67	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
68	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
69	! parameters during reading restart data
70	!
71	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
72	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
73	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
74	! defined
75	!
76	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
77	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
78	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
79	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
80	!
81	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
82	! Revise error message PA0462
83	!
84	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
85	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
86	!
87	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
88	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
89	!
90	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
91	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
92	!
93	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
94	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
95	!
96	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
97	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
98	!
99	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
100	!
101	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
102	! Adjustments to new topography concept
103	!
104	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
105	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
106	! Addition of a tip loss model
107	!
108	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
109	! Bugfix of pitch control
110	!
111	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
112	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
113	!
114	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
115	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
116	!
117	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
118	! Initial revision
119	!
120	!
121	! Description:
122	! ------------
123	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
124	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
125	!> (ADM-R).
126	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
127	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
128	!> yaw.
129	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
130	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
131	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
132	!> automatically).
133	!>
134	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
135	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
136	!> @todo Generate header information
137	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
138	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
139	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
140	!> @todo Include additional output variables
141	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
142	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
143	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
144	!
145	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
146	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
147
148	USE arrays_3d, &
149	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
150
151	USE constants, &
152	ONLY: pi
153
154	USE control_parameters, &
155	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
156	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
157
158	USE cpulog, &
159	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
160
161	USE grid_variables, &
162	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
163
164	USE indices, &
165	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
166	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
167
168	USE kinds
169
170	USE pegrid
171
172
173	IMPLICIT NONE
174
175	PRIVATE
176
177	!
178	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
179
180	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
181	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
182
183	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
184	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
185	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
186	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
187
188	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
189	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
190	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
191	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
192	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
193	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
194
195	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
196	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
197	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
198	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
199	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
200	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
201	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
202	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
203	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
204	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
205	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
206
207	!
208	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
209	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
210
211	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
212	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
213	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
214	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
215	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
216	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
217	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
218	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
219	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
220	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
221	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
222	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
223	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
224	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
225
226
227	!
228	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
229
230	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
231	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
232	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
233
234	!
235	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
236	TYPE file_status
237	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
238	END TYPE file_status
239
240	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
241	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
242
243	!
244	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
245
246	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
247	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
248	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
249	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
250	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
251	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
252
253	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
254
255	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
256	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
257	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
258	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
259	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
260	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
261	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
262	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
263
264	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
265
266	!
267	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
268	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
269	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
270	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
271	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
272	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
273	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
274	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
275
276	!
277	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
282
283	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
284	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
285
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
288
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
291
292	!
293	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
294
295	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
296	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
297	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
298	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
299	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
300	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
301	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
302	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
303	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
304	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
305	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
306	!
307	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
308	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
309	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
310	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
311	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
312
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
322
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
325
326	!
327	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
334
335	!
336	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
340
341	!
342	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
346
347	!
348	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
352
353	!
354	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
358	!
359	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
361
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
371
372	!
373	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
374
375	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
376
377	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
378	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
379	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
380	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
381	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
382	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
383	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
384	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
385
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
387
388	!
389	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
390
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
401	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
402	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
403	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
404
405	!
406	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
414
415
416	SAVE
417
418
419	INTERFACE wtm_parin
420	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
421	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
422
423	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
424	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
425	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
426
427	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
428	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
429	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
430
431	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
432	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
433	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
434
435	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
436	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
437	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
438
439	INTERFACE wtm_init
440	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
441	END INTERFACE wtm_init
442
443	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
444	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
445	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
446
447	INTERFACE wtm_forces
448	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
449	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
450
451	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
452	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
453	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
454
455	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
456	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
457	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
458
459	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
460	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
461	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
462	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
463
464	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
465	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
466	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
467	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
468
469
470	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
471	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
472
473
474	CONTAINS
475
476
477	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
478	! Description:
479	! ------------
480	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
481	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
482	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
483
484
485	IMPLICIT NONE
486
487	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
488
489	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
490
491	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
492	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
493	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
494	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
495	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
496	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
497	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
498	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
499	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
500	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
501
502	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
503	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
504	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
505	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
506	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
507	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
508	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
509	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
510	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
511	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
512	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
513	!
514	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
515	REWIND ( 11 )
516	line = ' '
517	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
518	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
519	ENDDO
520	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
521
522	!
523	!-- Read user-defined namelist
524	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, IOSTAT=ierrn )
525
526	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
527	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST found: ' // &
528	'End of file has reached'
529	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
530	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
531	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST: ' // &
532	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
533	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
534	ENDIF
535
536	!
537	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
538	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
539
540	GOTO 12
541
542	!
543	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
544	10 REWIND ( 11 )
545	line = ' '
546	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
547	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
548	ENDDO
549	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
550
551	!
552	!-- Read user-defined namelist
553	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
554
555	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
556	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
557	'End of file has reached'
558	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
559	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
560	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
561	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
562	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
563	ENDIF
564
565	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
566	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
567	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
568	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
569
570	!
571	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
572	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
573
574	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
575
576
577	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
578
579
580	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
581	! Description:
582	! ------------
583	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
584	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
585	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
586
587
588	IMPLICIT NONE
589
590
591	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
592	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
593
594	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
595	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
596
597	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
598	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
599
600	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
601	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
602
603	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
604	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
605
606	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
607	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
608
609	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
610	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
611
612	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
613	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
614
615	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
616	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
617
618	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
619	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
620
621
622	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
623
624
625	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
626	! Description:
627	! ------------
628	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
629	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
630	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
631
632
633	USE control_parameters, &
634	ONLY: length, restart_string
635
636
637	IMPLICIT NONE
638
639	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
640
641
642	found = .TRUE.
643
644
645	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
646
647	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
648	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
649	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
650	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
651	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
652	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
653	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
654	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
655	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
656	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
657	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
658	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
659	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
660	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
661	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
662	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
663	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
664	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
665	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
666	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
667
668	CASE DEFAULT
669
670	found = .FALSE.
671
672	END SELECT
673
674
675	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
676
677
678	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
679	! Description:
680	! ------------
681	!> Check namelist parameter
682	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
683	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
684
685
686	IMPLICIT NONE
687
688	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
689	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
690	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
691	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
692	ENDIF
693
694	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
695	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
696	'a value equal or larger than zero'
697	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
698	ENDIF
699
700
701	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
702	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
703	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
704
705	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
706	'have to be given for each turbine.'
707	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
708
709	ENDIF
710
711
712	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
713
714
715	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
716	! Description:
717	! ------------
718	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
719	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
720	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
721
722
723	IMPLICIT NONE
724
725	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
726	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
727
728	!
729	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
730	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
731
732	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
733	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
734
735	nrings(:) = 0
736	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
737
738	!
739	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
740	delta_r_factor = segment_width
741	delta_t_factor = segment_length
742	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
743
744	DO inot = 1, nturbines
745	!
746	!-- Determine number of rings:
747	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
748
749	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
750
751	ENDDO
752
753	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
754
755	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
756	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
757
758	nsegs(:,:) = 0
759	nsegs_total(:) = 0
760
761
762	DO inot = 1, nturbines
763	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
764	!
765	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
766	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
767	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
768	delta_t_factor ) )
769	ENDDO
770	!
771	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
772	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
773
774	ENDDO
775
776	!
777	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
778	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
779
780	!!
781	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
782	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
783	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
784	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
785	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
786	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
787	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
788	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
789	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
790	! ENDIF
791
792
793	!
794	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
795	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
796	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
797	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
798	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
799	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
800	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
801	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
802	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
803
804	!
805	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
806	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
807	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
808	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
809	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
810	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
811	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
812
813	!
814	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
815	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
816	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
817	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
818	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
819	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
820	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
821	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
822	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
823	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
824	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
825
826	!
827	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
828	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
829	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
830	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
831	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
832	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
833	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
834
835	!
836	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
837	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
838	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
839	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
840
841	!
842	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
843	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
844	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
845	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
846	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
847	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
848	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
849	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
850	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
851
852	!
853	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
854	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
855	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
856	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
857	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
858	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
859	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
860
861	!
862	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
863	i_hub(:) = 0
864	i_smear(:) = 0
865	j_hub(:) = 0
866	j_smear(:) = 0
867	k_hub(:) = 0
868	k_smear(:) = 0
869
870	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
871	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
872
873	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
874	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
875	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
876	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
877	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
878	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
879	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
880	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
881	ENDIF
882
883	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
884	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
885	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
886
887	!
888	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
889	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
890	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
891	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
892	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
893	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
894	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
895	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
896	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
897	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
898	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
899
900	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
901	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
902	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
903	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
904	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
905	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
906
907	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
908	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
909	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
910
911	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
912	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
913	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
914	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
915	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
916	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
917	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
918	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
919
920	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
921	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
922	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
923	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
924	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
925	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
926
927
928	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
929
930
931	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
932	! Description:
933	! ------------
934	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
935	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
936	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
937
938
939	IMPLICIT NONE
940
941	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
942	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
943	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
944
945	!
946	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
947	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
948
949	!
950	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
951	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
952	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
953	!
954	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
955	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
956	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
957
958	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
959	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
960	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
961
962	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
963
964	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
965	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
966	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
967	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
968
969	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
970	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
971	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
972	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
973
974	!
975	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
976	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
977	!-- (smearing of the forces)
978	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
979	!
980	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
981	!-- be calculated:
982
983	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
984	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
985	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
986	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
987	!
988	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
989	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
990	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
991	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
992	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
993	!
994	!-- Square of eps_min:
995	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
996	!
997	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
998	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
999	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1000	!
1001	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1002	!-- function:
1003	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1004
1005	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1006	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1007
1008	!
1009	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1010	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1011	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1012	ENDIF
1013
1014
1015	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1016	!
1017	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1018	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1019
1020	!
1021	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1022	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1023	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1024	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
1025
1026	!
1027	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1028	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1029	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1030	!-- function of eps_min:
1031	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1032	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1033	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
1034
1035	ENDDO
1036
1037	!
1038	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1039	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1040	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1041
1042	CALL wtm_speed_control
1043
1044	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1045
1046	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1047
1048	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1049	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1050	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1051	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1052	ENDIF
1053
1054	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1055	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1056	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1057	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1058	ENDIF
1059
1060	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1061	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1062	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1063	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1064	ENDIF
1065
1066	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1067	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1068	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1069	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1070	ENDIF
1071
1072	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1073	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1074
1075	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1076
1077	ENDIF
1078	ENDIF
1079
1080	END DO
1081
1082	ENDIF
1083
1084	ENDIF
1085
1086	!
1087	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1088	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1089	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1090	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1091	!
1092	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1093	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1094
1095	!
1096	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1097	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1098	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1099
1100	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1101
1102	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1103
1104
1105	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1106	!
1107	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1108	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1109	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1110	i = i_hub(inot)
1111
1112	!
1113	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1114	!-- grid point indices):
1115	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1116	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1117	!
1118	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1119	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1120	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1121	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1122	!-- in grid box 1.
1123	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1124	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1125
1126	!
1127	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1128	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1129	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1130	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1131
1132	!
1133	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1134	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1135	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1136
1137	DO j = nys, nyn
1138	!
1139	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1140	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1141
1142	DO k = nzb, nzt
1143
1144	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1145	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1146	!
1147	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1148	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1149	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1150	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1151	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1152	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1153	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1154	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1155	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1156	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1157	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1158	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1159	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1160	!
1161	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1162	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1163	ELSE
1164	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1165	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1166	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1167	ENDIF
1168	!
1169	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1170	ELSE
1171	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1172	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1173	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1174	ENDIF
1175	!
1176	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1177	!-- are carried out:
1178	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1179
1180	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1181	!
1182	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1183	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1184	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1185	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1186	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1187	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1188	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1189	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1190	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1191	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1192	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1193	!
1194	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1195	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1196	ELSE
1197	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1198	ENDIF
1199	!
1200	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1201	ELSE
1202	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
1203	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1204	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1205
1206	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1207
1208	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1209
1210	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1211
1212	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1213
1214	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1215
1216
1217	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1218
1219	!
1220	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1221	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1222	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1223	!!
1224	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1225	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1226	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1227	!
1228	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1229	!
1230	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1231	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1232	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1233	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1234	!!
1235	!!-- bottom intersection point
1236	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1237	!!
1238	!!-- top intersection point
1239	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1240	! ELSE
1241	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1242	! ENDIF
1243	! ENDDO
1244	!
1245	!
1246	! DO j = nys, nyn
1247	!!
1248	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1249	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1250	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1251	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1252	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1253	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1254	!!
1255	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1256	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1257	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1258	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1259	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1260	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1261	!!
1262	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1263	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1264	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1265	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1266	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1267	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1268	! dz_int = dz
1269	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1270	!!
1271	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1272	!!-- within the current grid box:
1273	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1274	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1275	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1276	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1277	! ENDIF
1278	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1279	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1280	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1281	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1282	! ENDIF
1283	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1284	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1285	! ENDIF
1286	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1287	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1288	! ENDIF
1289	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1290	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1291	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1292	! ENDIF
1293	! ENDDO
1294	! ENDIF
1295	! ENDDO
1296	! ENDIF
1297	!
1298	! ENDDO
1299	!
1300	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1301
1302	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1303
1304	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
1305	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1306
1307	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1308
1309	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1310
1311
1312	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1313	! Description:
1314	! ------------
1315	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1316	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1317	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1318	!
1319	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1320
1321
1322	IMPLICIT NONE
1323
1324	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1325	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1326
1327	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1328
1329	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1330
1331	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1332	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1333	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1334	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1335	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1336	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1337	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1338	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1339	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1340	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1341
1342	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1343	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1344	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1345
1346	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1347	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1348
1349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1354
1355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1360
1361	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1362
1363	!
1364	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1365	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1366
1367	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1368
1369	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1370	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1371	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1372	ENDIF
1373	!
1374	!-- Read distribution table:
1375
1376	dlen = 0
1377
1378	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1379
1380	rloop3: DO
1381	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1382	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1383	dlen = dlen + 1
1384	ENDDO rloop3
1385
1386	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1387
1388	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1389	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1390	ENDDO
1391
1392	DO jj = 1,dlen
1393	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1394	ENDDO
1395
1396	!
1397	!-- Read layout table:
1398
1399	dlen = 0
1400
1401	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1402
1403	rloop1: DO
1404	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1405	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1406	dlen = dlen + 1
1407	ENDDO rloop1
1408
1409	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1410	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1411	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1412	ENDDO
1413	DO jj = 1, dlen
1414	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1415	ENDDO
1416
1417	!
1418	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1419
1420	dlen = 0
1421
1422	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1423
1424	rloop2: DO
1425	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1426	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1427	dlen = dlen + 1
1428	ENDDO rloop2
1429
1430	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1431	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1432
1433	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1434	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1435	ENDDO
1436
1437	DO jj = 1,dlen
1438	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1439	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1440	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1441	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1442	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1443	ENDDO
1444
1445	ENDDO
1446
1447	dlenbl = dlen
1448
1449	CLOSE ( 90 )
1450
1451	!
1452	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1453	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1454	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1455	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1456	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1457
1458	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1459	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1460	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1461	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1462
1463	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1464	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1465
1466	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1467	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1468
1469	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1470
1471	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1472	!
1473	!-- Find position in table 1
1474	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1475	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1476
1477	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1478	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1479	ENDIF
1480
1481	trow = lct(1)
1482	!
1483	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1484	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1485	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1486	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1487	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1488
1489	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1490	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1491	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1492	ENDIF
1493
1494	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1495	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1496	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1497	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1498	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1499
1500	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
1501	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1502	! explicitly
1503	ELSE
1504	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1505	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1506	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1507	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1508	!
1509	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1510	!-- explicitly
1511	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1512	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1513	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1514	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1515	ENDIF
1516
1517	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1518
1519	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1520	ialpha = 1
1521
1522	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1523	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1524	ENDDO
1525
1526	!
1527	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1528	!-- segments and angles of attack
1529	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1530	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1531	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1532	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1533	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1534	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1535	( alpha_attack_i - &
1536	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1537	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1538	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1539	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1540	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1541	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1542	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1543	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1544	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1545	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1546	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1547	( alpha_attack_i - &
1548	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1549	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1550	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1551	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1552	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1553
1554	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1555
1556	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1557
1558
1559	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1560
1561
1562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1563	! Description:
1564	! ------------
1565	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1566	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1567	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1568	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1569
1570
1571	IMPLICIT NONE
1572
1573	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1574	!
1575	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1576	!-- the rotors
1577	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1578	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1579	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1580
1581	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1582	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1583	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1584
1585	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1586	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1587	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1588
1589	!
1590	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1591	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1592
1593	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1594	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1595	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1596	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1597	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1598	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1599	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1600	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1601	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1602	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1603	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1604	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1605	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1606	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1607	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1608	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1609	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1610	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1611	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1612	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1613	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1614	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1615	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1616	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1617
1618	!
1619	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1620	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1621	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1622	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1623	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1624
1625	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1626
1627
1628	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1629	! Description:
1630	! ------------
1631	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1632	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1633	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1634
1635
1636	IMPLICIT NONE
1637
1638	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1639
1640	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1641	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1643	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1644	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1645	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1646
1647	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1648	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1649	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1650
1651	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1652	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1653
1654	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1655
1656
1657	!
1658	! Variables for pitch control
1659	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1660	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1661
1662	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1663	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1664
1665	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1666
1667
1668	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1669
1670
1671	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1672
1673	!
1674	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1675	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1676	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1677	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1678	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1679	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1680	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1681	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1682	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1683	!
1684	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1685	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1686
1687	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1688	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1689	!
1690	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1691	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1692
1693	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1694	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1695	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1696	!
1697	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1698	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1699
1700	!
1701	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1702	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1703	!
1704	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1705	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1706	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1707	!
1708	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1709	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1710	!-- with y-axis):
1711	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1712	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1713	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1714
1715	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1716	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1717	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1718	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1719	re(3) = sin_rot
1720
1721	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1722	!
1723	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1724	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1725	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1726	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1727
1728	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1729	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1730	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1731	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1732	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1733
1734	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1735	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1736
1737	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1738	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1739
1740	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1741	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1742
1743	!
1744	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1745
1746	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1747	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1748	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1749	!
1750	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1751	!-- the current PE:
1752	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1753	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1754
1755	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1756	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1757	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1758	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1759	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1760	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1761	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1762	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1763	gg = dx * dy
1764
1765	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1766	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1767	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1768	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1769	) / gg
1770
1771	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1772	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1773	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1774	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1775	) / gg
1776
1777	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1778	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1779	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1780
1781	ELSE
1782	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1783	ENDIF
1784	ELSE
1785	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1786	ENDIF
1787
1788
1789	!
1790	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1791	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1792	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1793	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1794	!
1795	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1796	!-- the current PE:
1797	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1798	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1799
1800	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1801	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1802	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1803	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1804	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1805	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1806	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1807	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1808	gg = dx * dy
1809
1810	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1811	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1812	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1813	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1814	) / gg
1815
1816	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1817	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1818	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1819	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1820	) / gg
1821
1822	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1823	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1824	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1825
1826	ELSE
1827	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1828	ENDIF
1829	ELSE
1830	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1831	ENDIF
1832
1833
1834	!
1835	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1836	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1837	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1838	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
1839	!
1840	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1841	!-- the current PE:
1842	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1843	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1844
1845	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1846	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1847	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1848	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1849	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1850	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1851	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1852	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1853	gg = dx * dy
1854
1855	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1856	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1857	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1858	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1859	) / gg
1860
1861	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1862	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1863	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1864	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1865	) / gg
1866
1867	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1868	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
1869	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1870	ELSE
1871	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1872	ENDIF
1873	ELSE
1874	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1875	ENDIF
1876
1877	ENDDO
1878	ENDDO
1879
1880	ENDDO
1881
1882	!
1883	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1884	#if defined( __parallel )
1885	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1886	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1887	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1888	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1889	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1890	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1891	#else
1892	u_int = u_int_1_l
1893	v_int = v_int_1_l
1894	w_int = w_int_1_l
1895	#endif
1896
1897
1898	!
1899	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1900
1901	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1902	pit_loop: DO
1903
1904	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1905	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1906	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1907	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1908	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1909	ELSE
1910	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1911	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1912	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1913	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1914	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1915	ENDIF
1916	ENDIF
1917
1918	!
1919	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1920	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1921	!
1922	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1923	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1924	!
1925	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1926	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1927	!
1928	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1929	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1930	!-- with y-axis):
1931	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1932	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1933	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1934	!
1935	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1936	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1937	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1938	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1939	re(3) = sin_rot
1940
1941	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1942	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1943	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1944	rea(3) = cos_rot
1945
1946	!
1947	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1948	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1949	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1950	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1951	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1952	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1953	!
1954	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1955	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1956	!-- tilt:
1957	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1958	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1959	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1960	!
1961	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1962	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1963
1964	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1965
1966	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1967
1968	!
1969	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1970	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1971	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1972	!
1973	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1974	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1975	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1976	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1977	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1978	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1979	!
1980	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1981	!
1982	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1983	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1984	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1985	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1986	!
1987	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1988	!-- direction:
1989	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1990	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1991	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1992	!
1993	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1994	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1995
1996	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1997	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1998	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1999
2000	!
2001	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2002	!-- to the current radial position:
2003
2004	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2005	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2006
2007	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2008	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2009	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2010	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2011	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2012	ELSE
2013	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2014	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2015	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2016	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2017	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2018	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2019	ENDIF
2020
2021	!
2022	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2023	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2024	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2025	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2026	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2027	!
2028	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2029	!-- angle of attack:
2030	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2031	!
2032	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2033	!-- to angles given in degree:
2034	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2035	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2036	!
2037	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2038	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
2039
2040	!
2041	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2042	!-- to the rotor:
2043	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2044	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2045	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2046
2047	!
2048	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2049	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2050	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2051	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2052
2053	!
2054	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2055	!-- the current radial position:
2056
2057	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2058	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2059	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2060	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2061	ELSE
2062	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2063	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2064	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2065	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2066	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2067	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2068	ENDIF
2069
2070	!
2071	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2072	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2073	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2074	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2075	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2076	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2077	!
2078	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2079	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2080	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2081	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2082	!
2083	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2084	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2085	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2086	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2087
2088	!
2089	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2090	!-- angles given in radian:
2091	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2092	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2093
2094	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2095
2096	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2097	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2098	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2099	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2100	!--
2101	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2102	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2103	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2104
2105	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2106
2107	ENDIF
2108	!
2109	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2110	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2111	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2112
2113	!
2114	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2115
2116	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2117	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2118
2119	!
2120	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2121	!-- for each ring segment:
2122	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2123	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2124	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2125
2126	!
2127	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2128	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2129	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2130	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2131	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2132	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2133	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2134	!
2135	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2136	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2137	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2138
2139	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2140	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2141
2142	!
2143	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2144	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2145	thrust_seg(rseg)
2146
2147
2148	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2149
2150	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2151
2152	!
2153	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2154	!-- each ring:
2155	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2156	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2157	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2158
2159
2160	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2161
2162
2163	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2164
2165
2166	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2167	!
2168	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2169
2170	!
2171	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2172	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2173	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2174	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2175	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2176	( inertia_rot + &
2177	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2178
2179	!
2180	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2181	!-- and rotor speed
2182	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2183
2184	ENDIF
2185
2186	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2187
2188	!
2189	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2190	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2191	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2192	!-- gain
2193	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2194	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2195	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2196	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2197	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2198	!
2199	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2200	CYCLE pit_loop
2201	ENDIF
2202
2203	!
2204	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2205	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2206	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2207	ENDIF
2208	EXIT pit_loop
2209	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2210
2211
2212	!
2213	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2214
2215	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2216	!
2217	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2218	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2219	THEN
2220	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2221	THEN
2222	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2223	ENDIF
2224	ENDIF
2225
2226	ENDIF
2227
2228
2229	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2230
2231	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2232
2233
2234	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2235	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2236	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2237	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2238	!
2239	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2240	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2241	!
2242	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2243	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2244	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2245	!-- consideration
2246	!
2247	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2248	!-- of the model domain:
2249	!
2250	!--
2251	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2252	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2253	eps_min ) / dx )
2254	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2255	eps_min ) / dy )
2256
2257	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2258	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2259	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2260	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2261	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2262	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2263	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2264	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2265	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2266	!
2267	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2268	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2269
2270	!
2271	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2272	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2273	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2274	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2275	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2276	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2277	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2278	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2279	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2280	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2281	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2282
2283	!
2284	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2285	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2286	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2287	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2288	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2289	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2290	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2291	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2292	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2293	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2294	flag
2295	ENDIF
2296	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2297	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2298	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2299	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2300	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2301	flag
2302	ENDIF
2303	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2304	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2305	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2306	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2307	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2308	flag
2309	ENDIF
2310
2311	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2312	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2313
2314	!
2315	!-- Rotation of force components:
2316	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2317	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2318	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2319	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2320	) * flag
2321
2322	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2323	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2324	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2325	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2326	) * flag
2327
2328	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2329	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2330	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2331	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2332	) * flag
2333
2334	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2335	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2336	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2337
2338	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2339
2340	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2341
2342
2343	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2344	!
2345	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2346	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2347	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2348	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2349	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2350	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2351	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2352
2353	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2354	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2355	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2356	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2357	start_up = .FALSE.
2358	ENDIF
2359
2360	!
2361	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2362	!--
2363	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2364	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2365	!
2366	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2367	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2368	THEN
2369	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2370	THEN
2371
2372	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2373
2374	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2375	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2376	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2377	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2378	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2379
2380	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2381
2382	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2383
2384	ENDIF
2385	ENDIF
2386
2387	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2388
2389	!
2390	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2391	#if defined( __parallel )
2392	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2393	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2394	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2395	comm2d, ierr )
2396	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2397	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2398	#else
2399	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2400	wdir = wdir_l
2401	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2402
2403
2404	#endif
2405	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2406	!
2407	!-- Update rotor orientation
2408	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2409
2410	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2411
2412	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2413
2414	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2415	!
2416	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2417	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2418	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2419	#if defined( __parallel )
2420	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2421	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2422	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2423	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2424	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2425	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2426	#else
2427	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2428	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2429	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2430	#endif
2431
2432	ENDIF
2433
2434	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2435
2436	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2437	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2438	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2439	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2440	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2441	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2442	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2443	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2444	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2445	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2446
2447	ELSE
2448
2449	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2450	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2451	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2452	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2453	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2454	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2455	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2456	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2457	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2458	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2459	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2460	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2461	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2462	ENDIF
2463	ENDIF
2464
2465	!-- Set open flag
2466	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2467	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2468
2469	ENDIF
2470
2471	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2472
2473	!
2474	!-- Formats
2475	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2476	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2477	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2478	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2479	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2480
2481	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2482	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2483
2484
2485	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2486
2487
2488	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2489	! Description:
2490	! ------------
2491	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2492	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2493	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2494
2495	USE kinds
2496
2497	IMPLICIT NONE
2498
2499	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2500	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2501	REAL(wp) :: missal
2502
2503	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2504
2505	!
2506	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2507	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2508	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2509	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2510	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2511	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2512	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2513	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2514	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2515	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2516	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2517	!
2518	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2519	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2520	!
2521	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2522	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2523	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2524	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2525	!
2526	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2527	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2528
2529	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2530	!
2531	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2532	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2533	!
2534	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2535	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2536	!
2537	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2538	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2539	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2540	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2541	ENDIF
2542	ENDIF
2543
2544	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2545
2546	!
2547	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2548	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2549	!-- than min_miss
2550
2551	ELSE
2552	!
2553	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2554	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2555	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2556	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2557	!
2558	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2559	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2560	!
2561	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2562	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2563	!
2564	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2565	!-- yaw direction is still right
2566	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2567	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2568	!
2569	!-- Continue yawing
2570	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2571	ELSE
2572	!
2573	!-- Stop yawing
2574	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2575	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2576	ENDIF
2577	ELSE
2578	!
2579	!-- Continue yawing
2580	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2581	ENDIF
2582
2583	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2584
2585	ENDIF
2586
2587	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2588
2589
2590	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2591	! Description:
2592	! ------------
2593	!> Initialization of the speed control
2594	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2595	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2596
2597
2598	IMPLICIT NONE
2599
2600	!
2601	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2602	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2603	!
2604	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2605	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2606	!
2607	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2608	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2609	!
2610	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2611	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2612	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2613	!
2614	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2615	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2616	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2617	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2618	!
2619	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2620	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2621	!
2622	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2623	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2624	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2625	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2626	ENDIF
2627
2628	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2629
2630
2631	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2632	! Description:
2633	! ------------
2634	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2635	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2636	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2637
2638
2639	IMPLICIT NONE
2640
2641	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2642
2643
2644
2645	!
2646	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2647	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2648	!-- offshore system developement"
2649
2650	!
2651	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2652	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2653	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2654	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2655	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2656
2657	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2658	!
2659	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2660	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2661
2662	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2663	!
2664	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2665	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2666
2667	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2668	!
2669	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2670	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2671	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2672
2673	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2674	!
2675	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2676	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2677
2678	ELSE
2679	!
2680	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2681	!-- keep the power constant:
2682	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2683
2684	ENDIF
2685	!
2686	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2687	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2688	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2689	!
2690	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2691	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2692	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2693	!
2694	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2695	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2696
2697
2698	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2699
2700
2701	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2702	! Description:
2703	! ------------
2704	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2705	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2706	!> Call for all grid points
2707	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2708	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2709
2710
2711	IMPLICIT NONE
2712
2713	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2714	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2715	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2716	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2717
2718
2719	SELECT CASE ( component )
2720
2721	CASE ( 1 )
2722	!
2723	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2724	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2725	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2726	DO j = nysg, nyng
2727	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2728	!
2729	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2730	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2731	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2732	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2733	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2734
2735	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2736	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2737	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2738	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2739	ENDDO
2740	ENDDO
2741	ENDDO
2742	ENDIF
2743
2744	CASE ( 2 )
2745	!
2746	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2747	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2748	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2749	DO j = nysg, nyng
2750	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2751	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2752	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2753	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2754	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2755	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2756	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2757	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2758	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2759	ENDDO
2760	ENDDO
2761	ENDDO
2762	ENDIF
2763
2764	CASE ( 3 )
2765	!
2766	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2767	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2768	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2769	DO j = nysg, nyng
2770	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2771	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2772	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2773	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2774	ENDDO
2775	ENDDO
2776	ENDDO
2777	ENDIF
2778
2779
2780	CASE DEFAULT
2781
2782	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2783	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2784
2785	END SELECT
2786
2787
2788	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2789
2790
2791	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2792	! Description:
2793	! ------------
2794	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2795	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2796	!> Call for grid point i,j
2797	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2798	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2799
2800
2801	IMPLICIT NONE
2802
2803	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2804	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2805	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2806	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2807
2808	SELECT CASE ( component )
2809
2810	CASE ( 1 )
2811	!
2812	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2813	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2814	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2815	!
2816	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2817	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2818	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2819	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2820	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2821	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2822	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2823	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2824	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2825	ENDDO
2826	ENDIF
2827
2828	CASE ( 2 )
2829	!
2830	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2831	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2832	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2833	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2834	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2835	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2836	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2837	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2838	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2839	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2840	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2841	ENDDO
2842	ENDIF
2843
2844	CASE ( 3 )
2845	!
2846	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2847	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2848	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2849	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2850	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2851	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2852	ENDDO
2853	ENDIF
2854
2855
2856	CASE DEFAULT
2857
2858	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2859	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2860
2861	END SELECT
2862
2863
2864	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2865
2866	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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