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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2834

Last change on this file since 2834 was 2792, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Bugfix for restart runs if the wind turbine model is used
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 116.7 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z raasch $
28	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
29	! case of restart runs
30	!
31	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
32	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
33	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
34	!
35	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
36	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
37	!
38	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
39	! Change in file header (GPL part)
40	!
41	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
42	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
43	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
44	!
45	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
46	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_var_list to skip module
47	! parameters during reading restart data
48	!
49	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
50	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
51	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
52	! defined
53	!
54	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
55	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
56	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
57	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
58	!
59	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
60	! Revise error message PA0462
61	!
62	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
63	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
64	!
65	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
66	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
67	!
68	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
69	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
70	!
71	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
72	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
73	!
74	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
75	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
76	!
77	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
78	!
79	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
80	! Adjustments to new topography concept
81	!
82	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
83	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
84	! Addition of a tip loss model
85	!
86	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
87	! Bugfix of pitch control
88	!
89	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
90	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
91	!
92	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
93	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
94	!
95	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
96	! Initial revision
97	!
98	!
99	! Description:
100	! ------------
101	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
102	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
103	!> (ADM-R).
104	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
105	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
106	!> yaw.
107	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
108	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
109	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
110	!> automatically).
111	!>
112	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
113	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
114	!> @todo Generate header information
115	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
116	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
117	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
118	!> @todo Include additional output variables
119	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
120	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
121	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
122	!
123	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
124	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
125
126	USE arrays_3d, &
127	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
128
129	USE constants, &
130	ONLY: pi
131
132	USE control_parameters, &
133	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
134	wind_turbine, wind_turbine_prerun, initializing_actions
135
136	USE cpulog, &
137	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
138
139	USE grid_variables, &
140	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
141
142	USE indices, &
143	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
144	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
145
146	USE kinds
147
148	USE pegrid
149
150
151	IMPLICIT NONE
152
153	PRIVATE
154
155	!
156	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
157
158	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
159	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
160
161	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
162	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
163	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
164	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
165
166	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
167	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
168	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
169	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
170	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
171	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
172
173	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
174	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
175	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
176	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
177	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
179	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
180	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
181	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
182	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
183	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
184
185	!
186	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
187	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
188
189	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
190	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
191	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
192	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
193	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
194	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
195	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
196	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
197	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
198	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
199	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
200	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
201	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
202	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
203
204
205	!
206	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
207
208	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
209	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
210	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
211
212	!
213	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
214	TYPE file_status
215	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
216	END TYPE file_status
217
218	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
219	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
220
221	!
222	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
223
224	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
225	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
226	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
227	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
228	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
229	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
230
231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
232
233	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
234	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
235	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
237	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
239	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
240	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
241
242	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
243
244	!
245	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
246	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
247	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
248	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
249	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
250	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
251	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
252	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
253
254	!
255	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
260
261	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
262	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
263
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
266
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
269
270	!
271	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
272
273	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
274	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
275	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
276	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
277	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
278	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
279	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
280	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
281	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
282	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
283	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
284	!
285	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
286	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
287	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
288	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
289	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
290
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
300
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
303
304	!
305	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
312
313	!
314	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
318
319	!
320	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
324
325	!
326	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
330
331	!
332	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
336	!
337	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
339
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
349
350	!
351	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
352
353	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
354
355	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
356	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
357	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
358	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
359	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
360	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
361	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
362	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
363
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
365
366	!
367	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
368
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
379	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
380	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
381	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
382
383	!
384	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
392
393
394	SAVE
395
396
397	INTERFACE wtm_parin
398	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
399	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
400
401	INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
402	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_skip_var_list
403	END INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
404
405	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
406	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
407	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
408
409	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
410	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
411	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
412
413	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
414	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
415	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
416
417	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
418	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
419	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
420
421	INTERFACE wtm_init
422	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
423	END INTERFACE wtm_init
424
425	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
426	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
427	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
428
429	INTERFACE wtm_forces
430	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
431	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
432
433	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
434	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
435	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
436
437	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
438	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
439	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
440
441	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
442	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
443	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
444	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
445
446	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
447	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
448	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
449	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
450
451
452	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
453	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies, wtm_skip_var_list
454
455
456	CONTAINS
457
458
459	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
460	! Description:
461	! ------------
462	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
463	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
464	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
465
466
467	IMPLICIT NONE
468
469	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
470
471	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
472
473	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
474	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
475	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
476	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
477	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
478	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
479	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
480	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
481	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
482	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
483
484	!
485	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
486	REWIND ( 11 )
487	line = ' '
488	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
489	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
490	ENDDO
491	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
492
493	!
494	!-- Read user-defined namelist
495	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
496
497	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
498	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
499	'End of file has reached'
500	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
501	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
502	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
503	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
504	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
505	ENDIF
506
507	!
508	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
509	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
510
511	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
512	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
513	ENDIF
514
515	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
516
517
518	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
519
520
521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
522	! Description:
523	! ------------
524	!> Skipping the wind turbine module variables from restart-file (binary format).
525	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
526	SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
527
528	IMPLICIT NONE
529
530	CHARACTER (LEN=1) :: cdum
531	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr
532
533	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
534
535	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
536
537	READ ( 13 ) cdum
538	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
539
540	ENDDO
541
542	END SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
543
544
545	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
546	! Description:
547	! ------------
548	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
549	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
550	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
551
552	IMPLICIT NONE
553
554	wind_turbine_prerun = .TRUE.
555
556	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
557	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
558	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
559	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
560	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
561	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
562	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
563	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
564	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
565	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
566	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
567	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
568	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
569	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
570	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
571	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
572	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
573	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
574	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
575	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
576	WRITE ( 14 ) 'wind_turbine_prerun '
577	WRITE ( 14 ) wind_turbine_prerun
578
579	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
580
581	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
582
583
584	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
585	! Description:
586	! ------------
587	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
588	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
589	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
590
591
592	IMPLICIT NONE
593
594	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
595
596
597	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
598	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
599
600	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
601
602	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
603	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
604	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
605	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
606	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
607	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
608	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
609	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
610	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
611	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
612	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
613	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
614	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
615	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
616	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
617	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
618	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
619	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
620	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
621	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
622	CASE ( 'wind_turbine_prerun' )
623	READ ( 13 ) wind_turbine_prerun
624
625	END SELECT
626
627	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
628
629	ENDDO
630
631	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
632
633
634	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
635	! Description:
636	! ------------
637	!> Check namelist parameter
638	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
639	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
640
641
642	IMPLICIT NONE
643
644	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
645	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
646	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
647	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
648	ENDIF
649
650	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
651	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
652	'a value equal or larger than zero'
653	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
654	ENDIF
655
656
657	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
658	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
659	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
660
661	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
662	'have to be given for each turbine.'
663	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
664
665	ENDIF
666
667
668	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
669
670
671	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
672	! Description:
673	! ------------
674	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
675	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
676	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
677
678
679	IMPLICIT NONE
680
681	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
682	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
683
684	!
685	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
686	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
687
688	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
689	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
690
691	nrings(:) = 0
692	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
693
694	!
695	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
696	delta_r_factor = segment_width
697	delta_t_factor = segment_length
698	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
699
700	DO inot = 1, nturbines
701	!
702	!-- Determine number of rings:
703	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
704
705	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
706
707	ENDDO
708
709	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
710
711	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
712	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
713
714	nsegs(:,:) = 0
715	nsegs_total(:) = 0
716
717
718	DO inot = 1, nturbines
719	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
720	!
721	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
722	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
723	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
724	delta_t_factor ) )
725	ENDDO
726	!
727	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
728	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
729
730	ENDDO
731
732	!
733	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
734	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
735
736	!!
737	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
738	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
739	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
740	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
741	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
742	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
743	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
744	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
745	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
746	! ENDIF
747
748
749	!
750	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
751	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
752	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
753	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
754	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
755	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
756	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
757	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
758	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
759
760	!
761	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
762	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
763	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
764	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
765	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
766	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
767	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
768
769	!
770	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
771	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
772	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
773	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
774	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
775	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
776	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
777	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
778	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
779	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
780	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
781
782	!
783	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
784	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
785	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
786	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
787	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
788	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
789	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
790
791	!
792	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
793	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
794	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
795	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
796
797	!
798	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
799	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
800	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
801	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
802	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
803	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
804	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
805	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
806	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
807
808	!
809	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
810	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
811	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
812	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
813	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
814	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
815	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
816
817	!
818	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
819	i_hub(:) = 0
820	i_smear(:) = 0
821	j_hub(:) = 0
822	j_smear(:) = 0
823	k_hub(:) = 0
824	k_smear(:) = 0
825
826	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
827	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
828
829	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
830	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
831	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
832	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
833	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
834	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
835	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
836	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
837	ENDIF
838
839	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
840	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
841	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
842
843	!
844	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
845	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
846	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
847	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
848	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
849	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
850	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
851	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
852	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
853	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
854	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
855
856	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
857	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
858	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
859	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
860	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
861	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
862
863	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
864	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
865	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
866
867	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
868	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
869	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
870	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
871	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
872	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
873	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
874	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
875
876	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
877	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
878	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
879	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
880	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
881	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
882
883
884	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
885
886
887	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
888	! Description:
889	! ------------
890	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
891	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
892	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
893
894
895	IMPLICIT NONE
896
897	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
898	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
899	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
900
901	!
902	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
903	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
904
905	!
906	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
907	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
908	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
909	!
910	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
911	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
912	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
913
914	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
915	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
916	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
917
918	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
919
920	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
921	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
922	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
923	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
924
925	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
926	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
927	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
928	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
929
930	!
931	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
932	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
933	!-- (smearing of the forces)
934	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
935	!
936	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
937	!-- be calculated:
938
939	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
940	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
941	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
942	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
943	!
944	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
945	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
946	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
947	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
948	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
949	!
950	!-- Square of eps_min:
951	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
952	!
953	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
954	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
955	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
956	!
957	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
958	!-- function:
959	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
960
961	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
962	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
963
964	!
965	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
966	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
967	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
968	ENDIF
969
970
971	DO inot = 1, nturbines
972	!
973	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
974	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
975
976	!
977	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
978	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
979	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
980	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
981
982	!
983	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
984	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
985	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
986	!-- function of eps_min:
987	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
988	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
989	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
990
991	ENDDO
992
993	!
994	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
995	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
996	IF ( speed_control) THEN
997
998	CALL wtm_speed_control
999
1000	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1001
1002	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1003
1004	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1005	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1006	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1007	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1008	ENDIF
1009
1010	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1011	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1012	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1013	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1014	ENDIF
1015
1016	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1017	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1018	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1019	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1020	ENDIF
1021
1022	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1023	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1024	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1025	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1026	ENDIF
1027
1028	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1029	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1030
1031	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1032
1033	ENDIF
1034	ENDIF
1035
1036	END DO
1037
1038	ENDIF
1039
1040	ENDIF
1041
1042	!
1043	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1044	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1045	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1046	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1047	!
1048	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1049	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1050
1051	!
1052	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1053	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1054	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1055
1056	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1057
1058	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1059
1060
1061	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1062	!
1063	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1064	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1065	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1066	i = i_hub(inot)
1067
1068	!
1069	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1070	!-- grid point indices):
1071	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1072	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1073	!
1074	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1075	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1076	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1077	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1078	!-- in grid box 1.
1079	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1080	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1081
1082	!
1083	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1084	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1085	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1086	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1087
1088	!
1089	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1090	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1091	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1092
1093	DO j = nys, nyn
1094	!
1095	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1096	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1097
1098	DO k = nzb, nzt
1099
1100	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1101	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1102	!
1103	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1104	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1105	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1106	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1107	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1108	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1109	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1110	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1111	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1112	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1113	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1114	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1115	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1116	!
1117	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1118	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1119	ELSE
1120	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1121	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1122	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1123	ENDIF
1124	!
1125	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1126	ELSE
1127	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1128	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1129	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1130	ENDIF
1131	!
1132	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1133	!-- are carried out:
1134	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1135
1136	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1137	!
1138	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1139	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1140	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1141	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1142	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1143	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1144	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1145	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1146	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1147	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1148	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1149	!
1150	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1151	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1152	ELSE
1153	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1154	ENDIF
1155	!
1156	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1157	ELSE
1158	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
1159	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1160	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1161
1162	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1163
1164	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1165
1166	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1167
1168	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1169
1170	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1171
1172
1173	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1174
1175	!
1176	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1177	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1178	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1179	!!
1180	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1181	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1182	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1183	!
1184	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1185	!
1186	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1187	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1188	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1189	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1190	!!
1191	!!-- bottom intersection point
1192	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1193	!!
1194	!!-- top intersection point
1195	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1196	! ELSE
1197	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1198	! ENDIF
1199	! ENDDO
1200	!
1201	!
1202	! DO j = nys, nyn
1203	!!
1204	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1205	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1206	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1207	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1208	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1209	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1210	!!
1211	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1212	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1213	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1214	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1215	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1216	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1217	!!
1218	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1219	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1220	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1221	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1222	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1223	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1224	! dz_int = dz
1225	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1226	!!
1227	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1228	!!-- within the current grid box:
1229	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1230	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1231	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1232	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1233	! ENDIF
1234	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1235	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1236	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1237	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1238	! ENDIF
1239	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1240	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1241	! ENDIF
1242	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1243	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1244	! ENDIF
1245	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1246	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1247	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1248	! ENDIF
1249	! ENDDO
1250	! ENDIF
1251	! ENDDO
1252	! ENDIF
1253	!
1254	! ENDDO
1255	!
1256	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1257
1258	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1259
1260	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
1261	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1262
1263	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1264
1265	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1266
1267
1268	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1269	! Description:
1270	! ------------
1271	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1272	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1273	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1274	!
1275	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1276
1277
1278	IMPLICIT NONE
1279
1280	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1281	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1282
1283	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1284
1285	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1286
1287	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1288	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1289	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1290	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1291	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1292	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1293	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1294	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1295	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1296	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1297
1298	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1299	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1300	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1301
1302	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1303	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1304
1305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1310
1311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1316
1317	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1318
1319	!
1320	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1321	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1322
1323	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1324
1325	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1326	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1327	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1328	ENDIF
1329	!
1330	!-- Read distribution table:
1331
1332	dlen = 0
1333
1334	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1335
1336	rloop3: DO
1337	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1338	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1339	dlen = dlen + 1
1340	ENDDO rloop3
1341
1342	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1343
1344	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1345	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1346	ENDDO
1347
1348	DO jj = 1,dlen
1349	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1350	ENDDO
1351
1352	!
1353	!-- Read layout table:
1354
1355	dlen = 0
1356
1357	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1358
1359	rloop1: DO
1360	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1361	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1362	dlen = dlen + 1
1363	ENDDO rloop1
1364
1365	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1366	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1367	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1368	ENDDO
1369	DO jj = 1, dlen
1370	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1371	ENDDO
1372
1373	!
1374	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1375
1376	dlen = 0
1377
1378	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1379
1380	rloop2: DO
1381	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1382	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1383	dlen = dlen + 1
1384	ENDDO rloop2
1385
1386	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1387	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1388
1389	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1390	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1391	ENDDO
1392
1393	DO jj = 1,dlen
1394	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1395	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1396	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1397	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1398	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1399	ENDDO
1400
1401	ENDDO
1402
1403	dlenbl = dlen
1404
1405	CLOSE ( 90 )
1406
1407	!
1408	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
1409	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
1410	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1411	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1412	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1413
1414	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1415	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1416	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1417	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1418
1419	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1420	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1421
1422
1423	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1424	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1425
1426
1427	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1428
1429	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1430
1431	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1432	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1433	ialpha = 1
1434
1435	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1436	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1437	ENDDO
1438	!
1439	!-- Find position in table
1440	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1441	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1442
1443	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1444	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1445	ENDIF
1446
1447	trow = lct(1)
1448	!
1449	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
1450	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1451	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1452	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1453	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1454
1455	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1456	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1457	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1458	ENDIF
1459
1460	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1461	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1462	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1463	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1464	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1465	ELSE
1466	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1467	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1468	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1469	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1470	ENDIF
1471
1472	!
1473	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1474	!-- segments and angles of attack
1475	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1476	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1477	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1478	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1479	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1480	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1481	( alpha_attack_i - &
1482	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1483	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1484	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1485	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1486	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1487	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1488	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1489	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1490	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1491	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1492	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1493	( alpha_attack_i - &
1494	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1495	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1496	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1497	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1498	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1499
1500	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1501
1502	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1503
1504	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1505
1506
1507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1508	! Description:
1509	! ------------
1510	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1511	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1513	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1514
1515
1516	IMPLICIT NONE
1517
1518	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1519	!
1520	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1521	!-- the rotors
1522	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1523	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1524	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1525
1526	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1527	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1528	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1529
1530	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1531	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1532	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1533
1534	!
1535	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1536	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1537
1538	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1539	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1540	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1541	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1542	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1543	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1544	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1545	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1546	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1547	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1548	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1549	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1550	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1551	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1552	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1553	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1554	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1555	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1556	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1557	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1558	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1559	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1560	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1561	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1562
1563	!
1564	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1565	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1566	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1567	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1568	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1569
1570	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1571
1572
1573	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1574	! Description:
1575	! ------------
1576	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1577	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1578	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1579
1580
1581	IMPLICIT NONE
1582
1583	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1584
1585	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1586	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1587	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1588	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1589	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1590	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1591
1592	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1593	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1594	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1595
1596	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1597	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1598
1599	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1600
1601
1602	!
1603	! Variables for pitch control
1604	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1605	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1606
1607	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1608	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1609
1610	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1611
1612
1613	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1614
1615
1616	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1617
1618	!
1619	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1620	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1621	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1622	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1623	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1624	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1625	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1626	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1627	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1628	!
1629	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1630	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1631
1632	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1633	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1634	!
1635	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1636	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1637
1638	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1639	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1640	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1641	!
1642	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1643	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1644
1645	!
1646	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1647	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1648	!
1649	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1650	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1651	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1652	!
1653	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1654	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1655	!-- with y-axis):
1656	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1657	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1658	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1659
1660	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1661	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1662	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1663	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1664	re(3) = sin_rot
1665
1666	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1667	!
1668	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1669	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1670	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1671	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1672
1673	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1674	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1675	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1676	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1677	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1678
1679	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1680	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1681
1682	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1683	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1684
1685	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1686	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1687
1688	!
1689	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1690
1691	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1692	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1693	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1694	!
1695	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1696	!-- the current PE:
1697	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1698	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1699
1700	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1701	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1702	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1703	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1704	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1705	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1706	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1707	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1708	gg = dx * dy
1709
1710	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1711	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1712	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1713	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1714	) / gg
1715
1716	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1717	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1718	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1719	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1720	) / gg
1721
1722	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1723	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1724	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1725
1726	ELSE
1727	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1728	ENDIF
1729	ELSE
1730	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1731	ENDIF
1732
1733
1734	!
1735	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1736	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1737	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1738	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1739	!
1740	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1741	!-- the current PE:
1742	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1743	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1744
1745	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1746	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1747	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1748	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1749	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1750	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1751	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1752	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1753	gg = dx * dy
1754
1755	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1756	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1757	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1758	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1759	) / gg
1760
1761	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1762	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1763	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1764	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1765	) / gg
1766
1767	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1768	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1769	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1770
1771	ELSE
1772	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1773	ENDIF
1774	ELSE
1775	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1776	ENDIF
1777
1778
1779	!
1780	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1781	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1782	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1783	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
1784	!
1785	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1786	!-- the current PE:
1787	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1788	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1789
1790	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1791	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1792	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1793	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1794	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1795	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1796	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1797	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1798	gg = dx * dy
1799
1800	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1801	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1802	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1803	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1804	) / gg
1805
1806	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1807	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1808	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1809	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1810	) / gg
1811
1812	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1813	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
1814	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1815	ELSE
1816	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1817	ENDIF
1818	ELSE
1819	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1820	ENDIF
1821
1822	ENDDO
1823	ENDDO
1824
1825	ENDDO
1826
1827	!
1828	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1829	#if defined( __parallel )
1830	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1831	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1832	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1833	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1834	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1835	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1836	#else
1837	u_int = u_int_1_l
1838	v_int = v_int_1_l
1839	w_int = w_int_1_l
1840	#endif
1841
1842
1843	!
1844	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1845
1846	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1847	pit_loop: DO
1848
1849	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1850	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1851	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1852	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1853	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1854	ELSE
1855	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1856	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1857	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1858	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1859	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1860	ENDIF
1861	ENDIF
1862
1863	!
1864	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1865	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1866	!
1867	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1868	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1869	!
1870	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1871	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1872	!
1873	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1874	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1875	!-- with y-axis):
1876	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1877	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1878	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1879	!
1880	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1881	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1882	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1883	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1884	re(3) = sin_rot
1885
1886	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1887	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1888	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1889	rea(3) = cos_rot
1890
1891	!
1892	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1893	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1894	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1895	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1896	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1897	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1898	!
1899	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1900	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1901	!-- tilt:
1902	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1903	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1904	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1905	!
1906	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1907	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1908
1909	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1910
1911	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1912
1913	!
1914	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1915	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1916	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1917	!
1918	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1919	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1920	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1921	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1922	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1923	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1924	!
1925	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1926	!
1927	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1928	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1929	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1930	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1931	!
1932	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1933	!-- direction:
1934	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1935	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1936	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1937	!
1938	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1939	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1940
1941	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1942	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1943	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1944
1945	!
1946	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1947	!-- to the current radial position:
1948
1949	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1950	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1951
1952	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1953	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1954	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1955	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1956	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1957	ELSE
1958	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1959	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1960	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1961	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1962	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1963	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1964	ENDIF
1965
1966	!
1967	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1968	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1969	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1970	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1971	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1972	!
1973	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1974	!-- angle of attack:
1975	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1976	!
1977	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1978	!-- to angles given in degree:
1979	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1980	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1981	!
1982	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1983	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
1984
1985	!
1986	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1987	!-- to the rotor:
1988	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
1989	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1990	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
1991
1992	!
1993	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1994	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
1995	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
1996	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1997
1998	!
1999	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2000	!-- the current radial position:
2001
2002	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2003	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2004	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2005	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2006	ELSE
2007	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2008	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2009	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2010	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2011	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2012	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2013	ENDIF
2014
2015	!
2016	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2017	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2018	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
2019	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
2020	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2021	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
2022	!
2023	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2024	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2025	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2026	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2027	!
2028	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2029	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2030	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2031	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2032
2033	!
2034	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2035	!-- angles given in radian:
2036	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2037	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2038
2039	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2040
2041	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2042	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2043	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2044	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2045	!--
2046	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2047	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2048	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2049
2050	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2051
2052	END IF
2053	!
2054	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2055	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2056	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2057
2058	!
2059	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2060
2061	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2062	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2063
2064	!
2065	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2066	!-- for each ring segment:
2067	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2068	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2069	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2070
2071	!
2072	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2073	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2074	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2075	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2076	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2077	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2078	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2079	!
2080	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2081	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2082	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2083
2084	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2085	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2086
2087	!
2088	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2089	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2090	thrust_seg(rseg)
2091
2092
2093	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2094
2095	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2096
2097	!
2098	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2099	!-- each ring:
2100	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2101	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2102	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2103
2104
2105	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2106
2107
2108	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2109
2110
2111	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2112	!
2113	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2114
2115	!
2116	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2117	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2118	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2119	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2120	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2121	( inertia_rot + &
2122	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2123
2124	!
2125	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2126	!-- and rotor speed
2127	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2128
2129	ENDIF
2130
2131	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2132
2133	!
2134	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2135	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2136	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2137	!-- gain
2138	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2139	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2140	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2141	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2142	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2143	!
2144	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2145	CYCLE pit_loop
2146	ENDIF
2147
2148	!
2149	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2150	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2151	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2152	ENDIF
2153	EXIT pit_loop
2154	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2155
2156
2157	!
2158	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2159
2160	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2161	!
2162	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2163	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2164	THEN
2165	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2166	THEN
2167	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2168	ENDIF
2169	ENDIF
2170
2171	ENDIF
2172
2173
2174	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2175
2176	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2177
2178
2179	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2180	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2181	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2182	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2183	!
2184	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2185	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2186	!
2187	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2188	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2189	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2190	!-- consideration
2191	!
2192	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2193	!-- of the model domain:
2194	!
2195	!--
2196	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2197	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2198	eps_min ) / dx )
2199	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2200	eps_min ) / dy )
2201
2202	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2203	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2204	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2205	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2206	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2207	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2208	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2209	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2210	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2211	!
2212	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2213	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2214
2215	!
2216	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2217	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2218	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2219	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2220	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2221	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2222	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2223	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2224	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2225	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2226	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2227
2228	!
2229	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2230	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2231	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2232	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2233	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2234	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2235	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2236	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2237	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2238	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2239	flag
2240	ENDIF
2241	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2242	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2243	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2244	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2245	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2246	flag
2247	ENDIF
2248	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2249	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2250	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2251	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2252	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2253	flag
2254	ENDIF
2255
2256	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2257	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2258
2259	!
2260	!-- Rotation of force components:
2261	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2262	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2263	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2264	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2265	) * flag
2266
2267	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2268	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2269	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2270	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2271	) * flag
2272
2273	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2274	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2275	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2276	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2277	) * flag
2278
2279	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2280	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2281	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2282
2283	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2284
2285	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2286
2287
2288	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2289	!
2290	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2291	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2292	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2293	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2294	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2295	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2296	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2297
2298	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2299	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2300	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2301	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2302	start_up = .FALSE.
2303	ENDIF
2304
2305	!
2306	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2307	!--
2308	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2309	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2310	!
2311	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2312	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2313	THEN
2314	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2315	THEN
2316
2317	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2318
2319	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2320	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2321	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2322	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2323	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2324
2325	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2326
2327	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2328
2329	ENDIF
2330	ENDIF
2331
2332	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2333
2334	!
2335	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2336	#if defined( __parallel )
2337	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2338	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2339	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2340	comm2d, ierr )
2341	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2342	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2343	#else
2344	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2345	wdir = wdir_l
2346	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2347
2348
2349	#endif
2350	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2351	!
2352	!-- Update rotor orientation
2353	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2354
2355	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2356
2357	END IF ! end of yaw control
2358
2359	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2360	!
2361	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2362	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2363	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2364	#if defined( __parallel )
2365	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2366	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2367	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2368	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2369	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2370	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2371	#else
2372	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2373	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2374	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2375	#endif
2376
2377	ENDIF
2378
2379	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2380
2381	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2382	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2383	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2384	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2385	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2386	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2387	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2388	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2389	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2390	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2391
2392	ELSE
2393
2394	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2395	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2396	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2397	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2398	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2399	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2400	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2401	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2402	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2403	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2404	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2405	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2406	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2407	ENDIF
2408	ENDIF
2409
2410	!-- Set open flag
2411	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2412	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2413
2414	ENDIF
2415
2416	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2417
2418	!
2419	!-- Formats
2420	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2421	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2422	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2423	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2424	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2425
2426	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2427	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2428
2429
2430	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2431
2432
2433	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2434	! Description:
2435	! ------------
2436	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2437	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2438	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2439
2440	USE kinds
2441
2442	IMPLICIT NONE
2443
2444	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2445	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2446	REAL(wp) :: missal
2447
2448	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2449
2450	!
2451	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2452	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2453	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2454	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2455	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2456	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2457	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2458	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2459	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2460	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2461	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2462	!
2463	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2464	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2465	!
2466	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2467	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2468	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2469	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2470	!
2471	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2472	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2473
2474	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2475	!
2476	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2477	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2478	!
2479	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2480	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2481	!
2482	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2483	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2484	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2485	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2486	ENDIF
2487	ENDIF
2488
2489	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2490
2491	!
2492	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2493	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2494	!-- than min_miss
2495
2496	ELSE
2497	!
2498	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2499	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2500	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2501	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2502	!
2503	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2504	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2505	!
2506	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2507	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2508	!
2509	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2510	!-- yaw direction is still right
2511	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2512	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2513	!
2514	!-- Continue yawing
2515	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2516	ELSE
2517	!
2518	!-- Stop yawing
2519	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2520	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2521	ENDIF
2522	ELSE
2523	!
2524	!-- Continue yawing
2525	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2526	ENDIF
2527
2528	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2529
2530	ENDIF
2531
2532	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2533
2534
2535	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2536	! Description:
2537	! ------------
2538	!> Initialization of the speed control
2539	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2540	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2541
2542
2543	IMPLICIT NONE
2544
2545	!
2546	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2547	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2548	!
2549	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2550	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2551	!
2552	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2553	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2554	!
2555	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2556	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2557	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2558	!
2559	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2560	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2561	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2562	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2563	!
2564	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2565	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2566	!
2567	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2568	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2569	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2570	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2571	ENDIF
2572
2573	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2574
2575
2576	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2577	! Description:
2578	! ------------
2579	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2580	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2581	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2582
2583
2584	IMPLICIT NONE
2585
2586	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2587
2588
2589
2590	!
2591	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2592	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2593	!-- offshore system developement"
2594
2595	!
2596	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2597	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2598	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2599	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2600	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2601
2602	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2603	!
2604	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2605	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2606
2607	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2608	!
2609	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2610	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2611
2612	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2613	!
2614	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2615	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2616	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2617
2618	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2619	!
2620	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2621	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2622
2623	ELSE
2624	!
2625	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2626	!-- keep the power constant:
2627	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2628
2629	ENDIF
2630	!
2631	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2632	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2633	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2634	!
2635	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2636	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2637	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2638	!
2639	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2640	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2641
2642
2643	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2644
2645
2646	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2647	! Description:
2648	! ------------
2649	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2650	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2651	!> Call for all grid points
2652	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2653	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2654
2655
2656	IMPLICIT NONE
2657
2658	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2659	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2660	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2661	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2662
2663
2664	SELECT CASE ( component )
2665
2666	CASE ( 1 )
2667	!
2668	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2669	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2670	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2671	DO j = nysg, nyng
2672	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2673	!
2674	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2675	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2676	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2677	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2678	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2679
2680	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2681	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2682	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2683	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2684	ENDDO
2685	ENDDO
2686	ENDDO
2687	ENDIF
2688
2689	CASE ( 2 )
2690	!
2691	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2692	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2693	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2694	DO j = nysg, nyng
2695	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2696	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2697	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2698	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2699	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2700	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2701	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2702	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2703	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2704	ENDDO
2705	ENDDO
2706	ENDDO
2707	ENDIF
2708
2709	CASE ( 3 )
2710	!
2711	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2712	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2713	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2714	DO j = nysg, nyng
2715	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2716	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2717	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2718	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2719	ENDDO
2720	ENDDO
2721	ENDDO
2722	ENDIF
2723
2724
2725	CASE DEFAULT
2726
2727	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2728	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2729
2730	END SELECT
2731
2732
2733	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2734
2735
2736	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2737	! Description:
2738	! ------------
2739	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2740	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2741	!> Call for grid point i,j
2742	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2743	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2744
2745
2746	IMPLICIT NONE
2747
2748	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2749	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2750	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2751	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2752
2753	SELECT CASE ( component )
2754
2755	CASE ( 1 )
2756	!
2757	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2758	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2759	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2760	!
2761	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2762	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2763	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2764	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2765	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2766	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2767	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2768	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2769	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2770	ENDDO
2771	ENDIF
2772
2773	CASE ( 2 )
2774	!
2775	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2776	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2777	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2778	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2779	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2780	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2781	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2782	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2783	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2784	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2785	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2786	ENDDO
2787	ENDIF
2788
2789	CASE ( 3 )
2790	!
2791	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2792	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2793	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2794	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2795	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2796	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2797	ENDDO
2798	ENDIF
2799
2800
2801	CASE DEFAULT
2802
2803	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2804	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2805
2806	END SELECT
2807
2808
2809	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2810
2811	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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