Home

Context Navigation

wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4889

Last change on this file since 4889 was 4843, checked in by raasch, 4 years ago
local namelist parameter added to switch off the module although the respective module namelist appears in the namelist file, further copyright updates
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 147.3 KB

Line
1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
6	! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
7	! (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
10	! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
11	! Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see
14	! <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 2009-2021 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
17	! Copyright 1997-2021 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4843 2021-01-15 15:22:11Z suehring $
28	! reading of namelist file and actions in case of namelist errors revised so that statement labels
29	! and goto statements are not required any more,
30	! local namelist parameter added to switch off the module although the respective module namelist
31	! appears in the namelist file
32	!
33	! 4828 2021-01-05 11:21:41Z Giersch
34	! reset n_turbines_max to 1E4 (10 000), because it was set to 1 000 in r4497 by mistake
35	!
36	! 4535 2020-05-15 12:07:23Z raasch
37	! bugfix for restart data format query
38	!
39	! 4528 2020-05-11 14:14:09Z oliver.maas
40	! added namelist parameter smearing_kernel_size
41	!
42	! 4497 2020-04-15 10:20:51Z raasch
43	! file re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard
44	!
45	!
46	! 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch
47	! restart data handling with MPI-IO added
48	!
49	! 4481 2020-03-31 18:55:54Z maronga
50	! ASCII output cleanup
51	!
52	! 4465 2020-03-20 11:35:48Z maronga
53	! Removed old ASCII outputm, some syntax layout adjustments, added output for rotor and tower
54	! diameters. Added warning message in case of NetCDF 3 (no WTM output file will be produced).
55	!
56	! 4460 2020-03-12 16:47:30Z oliver.maas
57	! allow for simulating up to 10 000 wind turbines
58	!
59	! 4459 2020-03-12 09:35:23Z oliver.maas
60	! avoid division by zero in tip loss correction factor calculation
61	!
62	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
63	! use statement for exchange horiz added
64	!
65	! 4447 2020-03-06 11:05:30Z oliver.maas
66	! renamed wind_turbine_parameters namelist variables
67	!
68	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
69	! Bugfix: shifted netcdf preprocessor directive to correct position
70	!
71	! 4436 2020-03-03 12:47:02Z oliver.maas
72	! added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
73	!
74	! 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z oliver.maas
75	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number of time steps has to be given for
76	! wtm_data_output
77	!
78	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
79	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
80	!
81	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
82	! Added output control for wind turbine model
83	!
84	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
85	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
86	!
87	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
88	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
89	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
90	!
91	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
92	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static topography
93	! information used in wall_flags_static_0
94	!
95	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
96	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be greater than dlen
97	!
98	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
99	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
100	!
101	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
102	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher torque and power values
103	!
104	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
105	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
106	!
107	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
108	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
109	!
110	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
111	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort will happen for
112	! location values that are not implemented as CASE statements but are already realized in the code
113	! (e.g. pt-tendency)
114	!
115	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
116	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction of additional debug
117	! messages
118	!
119	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
120	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
121	!
122	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
123	! instrumented with openmp directives
124	!
125	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
126	! unused variables removed
127	!
128	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
129	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
130	!
131	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
132	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
133	!
134	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
135	! Initial revision
136	!
137	!
138	! Description:
139	! ------------
140	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The initial version
141	!> contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method (ADM-R).
142	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
143	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and yaw.
144	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine are hardcoded whereas most input
145	!> data comes from separate files (currently external, planned to be included as namelist which will
146	!> be read in automatically).
147	!>
148	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
149	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
150	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
151	!> @todo Generate header information
152	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
153	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
154	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
155	!> @todo Include additional output variables
156	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
157	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
158	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
159	!
160	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
161	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
162
163	USE arrays_3d, &
164	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
165
166	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
167	ONLY: pi
168
169	USE control_parameters, &
170	ONLY: coupling_char, &
171	debug_output, &
172	dt_3d, dz, end_time, initializing_actions, message_string, &
173	origin_date_time, restart_data_format_output, time_since_reference_point, &
174	wind_turbine
175
176	USE cpulog, &
177	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
178
179	USE data_output_module
180
181	USE grid_variables, &
182	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
183
184	USE indices, &
185	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
186	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
187
188	USE kinds
189
190	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
191	ONLY: check_existence, &
192	close_input_file, &
193	get_variable, &
194	input_pids_wtm, &
195	inquire_num_variables, &
196	inquire_variable_names, &
197	input_file_wtm, &
198	num_var_pids, &
199	open_read_file, &
200	pids_id, &
201	vars_pids
202
203	USE pegrid
204
205	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
206	ONLY: rrd_mpi_io_global_array, wrd_mpi_io_global_array
207
208
209	IMPLICIT NONE
210
211	PRIVATE
212
213	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
214	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename !<
215
216
217	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: n_turbines_max = 1E4 !< maximum number of turbines (for array allocation)
218
219
220	!
221	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
222	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_airfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
223	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_turbines = 1 !< number of turbines
224
225	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
226	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
227	LOGICAL :: tip_loss_correction = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
228	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
229
230
231	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE. !<
232
233
234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
235	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
237	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
238
239
240	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
241	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
242
243
244	REAL(wp) :: segment_length_tangential = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
245	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
246	REAL(wp) :: segment_width_radial = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
247	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
248
249	REAL(wp) :: smearing_kernel_size = 2.0_wp !< size of the smearing kernel as multiples of dx
250
251	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
252	REAL(wp) :: tilt_angle = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt_angle of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
253
254	!< ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_x = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_y = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_z = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_radius = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
259	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_cd = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_cd = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: rotor_radius = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max), TARGET :: rotor_speed = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_diameter = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: yaw_angle = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree]
266
267
268	!
269	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
270	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
271	REAL(wp) :: air_density = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
272	REAL(wp) :: gear_efficiency = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
273	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
274	REAL(wp) :: generator_power_rated = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
275	REAL(wp) :: generator_inertia = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
276	REAL(wp) :: generator_efficiency = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
277	REAL(wp) :: generator_speed_rated = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
278	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_max = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
279	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_rate_max = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
280	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
281	REAL(wp) :: region_2_slope = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
282	REAL(wp) :: region_2_min = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
283	REAL(wp) :: region_15_min = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
284	REAL(wp) :: rotor_inertia = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
285
286
287
288	!
289	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control:
290	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_max = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
291	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_min = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
292	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
293
294	!
295	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model:
296	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
297	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
298	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
299	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
300	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
301
302	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
303
304	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
305	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
306	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
307	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
308	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
309	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
310	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
311	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
312
313	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
314
315	!
316	!- Parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid:
317	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
318	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
319	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
320	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
321	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
322	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
323	!
324	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients:
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
329
330	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of the lift and drag coeff [deg]
331
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
334
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
337
338	!
339	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces:
340	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
341	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
342	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
343	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
344	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
345	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
346	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
347	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
348	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
349	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
350	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
351	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
352	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
353	!
354	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust:
355	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
356	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
357	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
358	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
359	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
360
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
370
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
373
374	!
375	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid:
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
382
383	!
384	!- Rotor tendencies on the segments:
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
388
389	!
390	!- Rotor tendencies on the rings:
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
394
395	!
396	!- Rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines:
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
400
401	!
402	!- Rotor tendencies on coordinate grid:
403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
406
407	!
408	!- Variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates:
409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
410
411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
414	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
420
421	!
422	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller:
423	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
424
425	REAL(wp) :: fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
426	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
427	REAL(wp) :: region_25_min !< min region 2.5
428	REAL(wp) :: region_25_slope !< slope in region 2.5
429	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
430	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
431	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
432	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
433
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(n_turbines_max) :: rotor_speed_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
435
436	!
437	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller:
438	INTEGER(iwp) :: wdlon !<
439	INTEGER(iwp) :: wdsho !<
440
441	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
442
443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
445	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
446	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
447	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
448	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
449	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
450	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yaw_angle_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
451
452	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
453	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
454
455
456	!
457	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts:
458	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
459	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
460	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
461	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
462	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
463	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
464	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
465
466
467	SAVE
468
469
470	INTERFACE wtm_parin
471	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
472	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
473
474	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
475	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
476	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
477
478	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
479	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
480	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
481
482	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
483	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
484	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
485
486	INTERFACE wtm_init
487	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
488	END INTERFACE wtm_init
489
490	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
491	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
492	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
493
494	INTERFACE wtm_actions
495	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
496	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
497	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
498
499	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
500	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global_ftn
501	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
502	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
503
504	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
505	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
506	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
507
508
509	PUBLIC &
510	dt_data_output_wtm, &
511	time_wtm, &
512	wind_turbine
513
514	PUBLIC &
515	wtm_parin, &
516	wtm_check_parameters, &
517	wtm_data_output, &
518	wtm_init_arrays, &
519	wtm_init_output, &
520	wtm_init, &
521	wtm_actions, &
522	wtm_rrd_global, &
523	wtm_wrd_global
524
525
526	CONTAINS
527
528
529	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
530	! Description:
531	! ------------
532	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
533	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
534	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
535
536	IMPLICIT NONE
537
538	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
539
540	INTEGER(iwp) :: io_status !< status after reading the namelist file
541
542	LOGICAL :: switch_off_module = .FALSE. !< local namelist parameter to switch off the module
543	!< although the respective module namelist appears in
544	!< the namelist file
545
546	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ air_density, &
547	dt_data_output_wtm, &
548	gear_efficiency, &
549	gear_ratio, &
550	generator_efficiency, &
551	generator_inertia, &
552	generator_power_rated, &
553	generator_speed_rated, &
554	generator_torque_max, &
555	generator_torque_rate_max, &
556	hub_x, &
557	hub_y, &
558	hub_z, &
559	nacelle_radius, &
560	n_airfoils, &
561	n_turbines, &
562	pitch_angle, &
563	pitch_control, &
564	pitch_rate, &
565	region_15_min, &
566	region_2_min, &
567	region_2_slope, &
568	rotor_inertia, &
569	rotor_radius, &
570	rotor_speed, &
571	segment_length_tangential, &
572	segment_width_radial, &
573	smearing_kernel_size, &
574	speed_control, &
575	switch_off_module, &
576	tilt_angle, &
577	time_turbine_on, &
578	tip_loss_correction, &
579	tower_cd, &
580	tower_diameter, &
581	yaw_angle, &
582	yaw_control, &
583	yaw_misalignment_max, &
584	yaw_misalignment_min, &
585	yaw_speed
586
587	!
588	!-- Move to the beginning of the namelist file and try to find and read the namelist.
589	REWIND( 11 )
590	READ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, IOSTAT=io_status )
591
592	!
593	!-- Action depending on the READ status
594	IF ( io_status == 0 ) THEN
595	!
596	!-- wind_turbine_parameters namelist was found and read correctly. Enable the
597	!-- wind turbine module.
598	IF ( .NOT. switch_off_module ) wind_turbine = .TRUE.
599
600	ELSEIF ( io_status > 0 ) THEN
601	!
602	!-- wind_turbine_parameters namelist was found but contained errors. Print an error message
603	!-- including the line that caused the problem.
604	BACKSPACE( 11 )
605	READ( 11 , '(A)' ) line
606	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
607
608	ENDIF
609
610	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
611
612
613	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
614	! Description:
615	! ------------
616	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
617	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
618	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
619
620
621	IMPLICIT NONE
622
623
624	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
625
626	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed' )
627	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed
628
629	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f' )
630	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f
631
632	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
633	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f_old
634
635	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_old' )
636	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_old
637
638	CALL wrd_write_string( 'rotor_speed' )
639	WRITE ( 14 ) rotor_speed
640
641	CALL wrd_write_string( 'yaw_angle' )
642	WRITE ( 14 ) yaw_angle
643
644	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle' )
645	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle
646
647	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle_old' )
648	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle_old
649
650	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
651	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
652
653	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
654	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
655
656	ELSEIF ( restart_data_format_output(1:3) == 'mpi' ) THEN
657
658	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed', generator_speed )
659	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f', generator_speed_f )
660	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f_old', generator_speed_f_old )
661	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_old', generator_speed_old )
662	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed )
663	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle )
664	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle )
665	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle_old', pitch_angle_old )
666	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen', torque_gen )
667	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen_old', torque_gen_old )
668
669	ENDIF
670
671	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
672
673
674	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
675	! Description:
676	! ------------
677	!> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format).
678	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
679	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_ftn( found )
680
681
682	USE control_parameters, &
683	ONLY: length, restart_string
684
685
686	IMPLICIT NONE
687
688	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
689
690
691	found = .TRUE.
692
693
694	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
695
696	CASE ( 'generator_speed' )
697	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed
698	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f' )
699	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f
700	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
701	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f_old
702	CASE ( 'generator_speed_old' )
703	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_old
704	CASE ( 'rotor_speed' )
705	READ ( 13 ) rotor_speed
706	CASE ( 'yaw_angle' )
707	READ ( 13 ) yaw_angle
708	CASE ( 'pitch_angle' )
709	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle
710	CASE ( 'pitch_angle_old' )
711	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle_old
712	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
713	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
714	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
715	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
716
717	CASE DEFAULT
718
719	found = .FALSE.
720
721	END SELECT
722
723
724	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_ftn
725
726
727	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
728	! Description:
729	! ------------
730	!> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO).
731	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
732	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
733
734	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed', generator_speed )
735	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f', generator_speed_f )
736	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f_old', generator_speed_f_old )
737	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_old', generator_speed_old )
738	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed )
739	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle )
740	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle )
741	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle_old', pitch_angle_old )
742	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen', torque_gen )
743	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen_old', torque_gen_old )
744
745	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
746
747
748	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
749	! Description:
750	! ------------
751	!> Check namelist parameter
752	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
753	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
754
755	IMPLICIT NONE
756
757	IF ( .NOT. input_pids_wtm ) THEN
758	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
759	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires speed_control = .TRUE.'
760	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
761	ENDIF
762
763	IF ( ANY( rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
764	message_string = 'rotor_speed < 0.0, Please set rotor_speed to ' // &
765	'a value equal or larger than zero'
766	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
767	ENDIF
768
769	IF ( ANY( hub_x(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
770	ANY( hub_y(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
771	ANY( hub_z(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
772
773	message_string = 'hub_x, hub_y, hub_z have to be given for each turbine.'
774	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
775	ENDIF
776	ENDIF
777
778	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
779	!
780	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
781	! Description:
782	! ------------
783	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
784	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
785	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
786
787	IMPLICIT NONE
788
789	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
790	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
791
792	#if defined( __netcdf )
793	!
794	! Read wtm input file (netcdf) if it exists:
795	IF ( input_pids_wtm ) THEN
796
797	!
798	!-- Open the wtm input file:
799	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_wtm ) // &
800	TRIM( coupling_char ), pids_id )
801
802	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
803
804	!
805	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them:
806	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
807	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
808
809	!
810	!-- Input of all wtm parameters:
811	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_diameter' ) ) THEN
812	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_diameter', tower_diameter(1:n_turbines) )
813	ENDIF
814
815	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_speed' ) ) THEN
816	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) )
817	ENDIF
818
819	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'pitch_angle' ) ) THEN
820	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle(1:n_turbines) )
821	ENDIF
822
823	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'yaw_angle' ) ) THEN
824	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle(1:n_turbines) )
825	ENDIF
826
827	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_x' ) ) THEN
828	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_x', hub_x(1:n_turbines) )
829	ENDIF
830
831	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_y' ) ) THEN
832	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_y', hub_y(1:n_turbines) )
833	ENDIF
834
835	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_z' ) ) THEN
836	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_z', hub_z(1:n_turbines) )
837	ENDIF
838
839	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_radius' ) ) THEN
840	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_radius', nacelle_radius(1:n_turbines) )
841	ENDIF
842
843	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_radius' ) ) THEN
844	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_radius', rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) )
845	ENDIF
846	!
847	! IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_cd' ) ) THEN
848	! CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_cd', nacelle_cd(1:n_turbines) )
849	! ENDIF
850
851	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_cd' ) ) THEN
852	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_cd', tower_cd(1:n_turbines) )
853	ENDIF
854	!
855	!-- Close wtm input file:
856	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
857
858	ENDIF
859	#endif
860
861	!
862	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
863	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
864	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:n_turbines) )
865	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:n_turbines) )
866
867	nrings(:) = 0
868	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
869
870	!
871	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
872	delta_r_factor = segment_width_radial
873	delta_t_factor = segment_length_tangential
874	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1) )
875
876	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
877	!
878	!-- Determine number of rings:
879	nrings(inot) = NINT( rotor_radius(inot) / delta_r_init )
880
881	delta_r(inot) = rotor_radius(inot) / nrings(inot)
882
883	ENDDO
884
885	nrings_max = MAXVAL( nrings )
886
887	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:n_turbines) )
888	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:n_turbines) )
889
890	nsegs(:,:) = 0
891	nsegs_total(:) = 0
892
893
894	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
895	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
896	!
897	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
898	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * ( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
899	delta_t_factor ) )
900	ENDDO
901	!
902	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
903	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
904	ENDDO
905
906	!
907	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
908	nsegs_max = MAXVAL( nsegs )
909
910	!!
911	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
912	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
913	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
914	! PRINT*, '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
915	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
916	! PRINT*, '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
917	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
918	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
919	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
920	! ENDIF
921
922
923	!
924	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines):
925	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:n_turbines) )
926	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:n_turbines) )
927	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:n_turbines) )
928	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:n_turbines) )
929	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:n_turbines) )
930	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:n_turbines) )
931	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:n_turbines) )
932	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:n_turbines) )
933
934	!
935	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control:
936	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:n_turbines) )
937	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:n_turbines) )
938	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:n_turbines) )
939	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:n_turbines) )
940	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:n_turbines) )
941	ALLOCATE( yaw_angle_l(1:n_turbines) )
942
943	!
944	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments):
945	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
946	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
947	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
948	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
949	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
950	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
951	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
952	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
953	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
954	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
955
956	!
957	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments):
958	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
959	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
960	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
961	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
962	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
963	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
964
965	!
966	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays:
967	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
968	ALLOCATE( roty(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
969	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
970
971	!
972	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points):
973	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
974	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
975	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
976	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
977	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
978	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
979	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
980	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
981
982	!
983	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays:
984	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
985	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
986	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
987	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
988	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
989	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
990
991	!
992	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
993	i_hub(:) = 0
994	i_smear(:) = 0
995	j_hub(:) = 0
996	j_smear(:) = 0
997	k_hub(:) = 0
998	k_smear(:) = 0
999
1000	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1001	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1002
1003	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1004	generator_speed(:) = 0.0_wp
1005	generator_speed_old(:) = 0.0_wp
1006	generator_speed_f(:) = 0.0_wp
1007	generator_speed_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
1008	pitch_angle_old(:) = 0.0_wp
1009	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
1010	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
1011	ENDIF
1012
1013	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
1014	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
1015	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
1016	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
1017	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
1018	yaw_angle_l(:) = 0.0_wp
1019
1020	!
1021	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments):
1022	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
1023	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
1024	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
1025	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1026	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1027	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1028	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
1029	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
1030	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
1031	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
1032
1033	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1034	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1035	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1036	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1037	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1038	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1039
1040	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1041	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1042	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1043
1044	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1045	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1046	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1047	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1048	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1049	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1050	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1051	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1052
1053	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1054	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1055	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1056	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1057	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1058	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1059
1060
1061	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
1062
1063
1064	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1065	! Description:
1066	! ------------
1067	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
1068	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1069	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1070
1071
1072	USE control_parameters, &
1073	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
1074
1075	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
1076	ONLY: exchange_horiz
1077
1078	IMPLICIT NONE
1079
1080
1081
1082	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1083	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1084	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1085
1086
1087	!
1088	!-- Help variables for the smearing function:
1089	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
1090
1091	!
1092	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag:
1093	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
1094	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
1095
1096	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
1097	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
1098	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
1099	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
1100
1101	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
1102
1103
1104	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
1105
1106	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:n_turbines) )
1107	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:n_turbines) )
1108	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:n_turbines) )
1109	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:n_turbines) )
1110
1111	!
1112	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1113	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel (smearing of the forces)
1114	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1115	!
1116	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will be calculated:
1117
1118	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to be a reasonable
1119	!-- value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy, DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1120	eps_kernel = smearing_kernel_size * dx
1121	!
1122	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following if the integral of
1123	!-- the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall be equal to the integral of the Gaussian
1124	!-- function used before:
1125	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1126	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1127	!
1128	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind turbine model.
1129	!-- Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above the area where the wtm is active.
1130	!-- ABS (...) is required because the default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp
1131	!-- (negative):
1132	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL( hub_z(1:n_turbines) ) + &
1133	MAXVAL( rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) ) + &
1134	eps_min) THEN
1135	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical stretching is applied has ' // &
1136	'to be greater than ',MAXVAL( hub_z(1:n_turbines) ) &
1137	+ MAXVAL( rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) ) + eps_min
1138	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1139	ENDIF
1140	!
1141	!-- Square of eps_min:
1142	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1143	!
1144	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1145	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1146	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1147	!
1148	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing function:
1149	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1150
1151	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1152	tilt_angle = tilt_angle * pi / 180.0_wp
1153
1154	!
1155	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1156	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1157	yaw_angle(:) = yaw_angle(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1158	ENDIF
1159
1160
1161	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1162	!
1163	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined:
1164	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1165
1166	!
1167	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height:
1168	i_hub(inot) = INT( hub_x(inot) / dx )
1169	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1170	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1171
1172	!
1173	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1174	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than eps_min, the
1175	!-- smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a function of eps_min:
1176	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1177	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1178	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1179
1180	ENDDO
1181
1182	!
1183	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local rotor_speed for the
1184	!-- respective processor:
1185	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1186
1187	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1188
1189	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1190
1191	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1192
1193	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1194	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1195	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1196	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1197	ENDIF
1198
1199	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1200	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1201	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1202	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1203	ENDIF
1204
1205	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1206	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1207	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1208	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1209	ENDIF
1210
1211	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1212	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1213	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1214	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1215	ENDIF
1216
1217	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1218	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1219
1220	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
1221
1222	ENDIF
1223	ENDIF
1224
1225	END DO
1226
1227	ENDIF
1228
1229	ENDIF
1230
1231	!
1232	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1233	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area of the nacelle and the
1234	!-- tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1235	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1236	!
1237	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor
1238	!-- area.
1239
1240	!
1241	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points between rotor disk
1242	!-- and the numerical grid:
1243	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1244
1245	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1246
1247	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1248
1249
1250	DO inot = 1, n_turbines ! loop over number of turbines
1251	!
1252	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of the rotor center
1253	!-- (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that the mean flow is perpendicular to the
1254	!-- rotor area):
1255	i = i_hub(inot)
1256
1257	!
1258	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding grid point indices):
1259	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1260	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1261	!
1262	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding grid point indices).
1263	!-- The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as the first level for the u-component
1264	!-- (index 0) is situated below the surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already
1265	!-- be contained in grid box 1:
1266	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1267	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1268
1269	!
1270	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and the right boundaries of
1271	!-- the tower:
1272	tower_n = ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1273	tower_s = ( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1274
1275	!
1276	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower area and multiply
1277	!-- it with the drag of the tower:
1278	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1279
1280	DO j = nys, nyn
1281	!
1282	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower:
1283	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1284
1285	DO k = nzb, nzt
1286
1287	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1288	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1289	!
1290	!-- Leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1291	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1292	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1293	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1294	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1295	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1296	tower_cd(inot)
1297
1298	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1299	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1300	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1301	( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1302	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1303	tower_cd(inot)
1304	!
1305	!-- Grid boxes inbetween (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1306	ELSE
1307	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1308	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * dy * &
1309	tower_cd(inot)
1310	ENDIF
1311	!
1312	!-- Tower lies completely within one grid box:
1313	ELSE
1314	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1315	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1316	tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1317	ENDIF
1318	!
1319	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions are carried out:
1320	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1321
1322	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1323	!
1324	!-- Leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1325	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1326	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( ( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1327	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) &
1328	* tower_cd(inot)
1329
1330	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1331	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * &
1332	tower_diameter(inot) ) - ( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) &
1333	* dy ) * tower_cd(inot)
1334	!
1335	!-- Grid boxes inbetween (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1336	ELSE
1337	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * tower_cd(inot)
1338	ENDIF
1339	!
1340	!-- Tower lies completely within one grid box:
1341	ELSE
1342	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1343	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1344
1345	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1346
1347	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1348
1349	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1350
1351	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1352
1353	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1354
1355
1356	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1357
1358	!
1359	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1360	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC cluster (Oldenburg)
1361	!!
1362	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for the calculation
1363	!!-- of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called circle_points in the following):
1364	!
1365	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1366	!
1367	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1368	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1369	! sqrt_arg = nacelle_radius(inot)2 - ( yvalue - hub_y(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1370	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1371	!!
1372	!!-- bottom intersection point
1373	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1374	!!
1375	!!-- top intersection point
1376	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1377	! ELSE
1378	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1379	! ENDIF
1380	! ENDDO
1381	!
1382	!
1383	! DO j = nys, nyn
1384	!!
1385	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle (y) it can
1386	!!-- automatically be stated that there is no overlap between the grid box and the nacelle
1387	!!-- and consequently we can set nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1388	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1389	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1390	!!
1391	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle (z) it can
1392	!!-- automatically be stated that there is no overlap between the grid box and the
1393	!!-- nacelle and consequently we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1394	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1395	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1396	!!
1397	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated. Here, the points on the
1398	!!-- circle that have been determined above are used in order to calculate the
1399	!!-- overlap between the gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1400	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1401	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1402	! dz_int = dz
1403	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1404	!!
1405	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle within the current
1406	!!-- grid box:
1407	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1408	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1409	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1410	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1411	! ENDIF
1412	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1413	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1414	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1415	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1416	! ENDIF
1417	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1418	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1419	! ENDIF
1420	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1421	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1422	! ENDIF
1423	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1424	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1425	! dy_int * dz_int * nacelle_cd(inot)
1426	! ENDIF
1427	! ENDDO
1428	! ENDIF
1429	! ENDDO
1430	! ENDIF
1431	!
1432	! ENDDO
1433	!
1434	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1435
1436	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1437
1438	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1439	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1440
1441	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1442
1443	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1444
1445	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1446
1447
1448
1449	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1450
1451
1452	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1453	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1454	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1455
1456	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1457
1458	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1459
1460
1461	!
1462	!-- Create NetCDF output file:
1463	#if defined( __netcdf4 )
1464	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1465	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1466	#else
1467	message_string = 'Wind turbine model output requires NetCDF version 4. ' // &
1468	'No output file will be created.'
1469	CALL message( 'wtm_init_output', 'PA0672', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1470	#endif
1471	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1472	!
1473	!-- Define dimensions in output file:
1474	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:n_turbines) )
1475	DO n = 1, n_turbines
1476	ndim(n) = n
1477	ENDDO
1478	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1479	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1480	output_type = 'int32', &
1481	bounds = (/1_iwp, n_turbines/), &
1482	values_int32 = ndim )
1483	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1484
1485	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1486	dimension_name = 'time', &
1487	output_type = 'real32', &
1488	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
1489	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1490
1491	variable_name = 'x'
1492	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1493	variable_name = variable_name, &
1494	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1495	output_type = 'real32' )
1496
1497	variable_name = 'y'
1498	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1499	variable_name = variable_name, &
1500	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1501	output_type = 'real32' )
1502
1503	variable_name = 'z'
1504	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1505	variable_name = variable_name, &
1506	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1507	output_type = 'real32' )
1508
1509
1510	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter'
1511	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1512	variable_name = variable_name, &
1513	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1514	output_type = 'real32' )
1515
1516	variable_name = 'tower_diameter'
1517	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1518	variable_name = variable_name, &
1519	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1520	output_type = 'real32' )
1521
1522	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1523	variable_name = 'time', &
1524	attribute_name = 'units', &
1525	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1526
1527	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1528	variable_name = 'x', &
1529	attribute_name = 'units', &
1530	value = 'm' )
1531
1532	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1533	variable_name = 'y', &
1534	attribute_name = 'units', &
1535	value = 'm' )
1536
1537	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1538	variable_name = 'z', &
1539	attribute_name = 'units', &
1540	value = 'm' )
1541
1542	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1543	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1544	attribute_name = 'units', &
1545	value = 'm' )
1546
1547	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1548	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1549	attribute_name = 'units', &
1550	value = 'm' )
1551
1552	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1553	variable_name = 'x', &
1554	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1555	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1556
1557	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1558	variable_name = 'y', &
1559	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1560	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1561
1562	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1563	variable_name = 'z', &
1564	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1565	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1566
1567	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1568	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1569	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1570	value = 'turbine name')
1571
1572	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1573	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1574	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1575	value = 'rotor diameter')
1576
1577	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1578	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1579	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1580	value = 'tower diameter')
1581
1582	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1583	variable_name = 'time', &
1584	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1585	value = 'time')
1586
1587	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1588	variable_name = 'time', &
1589	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1590	value = 'T')
1591
1592	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1593	variable_name = 'x', &
1594	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1595	value = 'X' )
1596
1597	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1598	variable_name = 'y', &
1599	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1600	value = 'Y' )
1601
1602
1603	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1604	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1605	variable_name = variable_name, &
1606	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1607	output_type = 'real32' )
1608
1609	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1610	variable_name = variable_name, &
1611	attribute_name = 'units', &
1612	value = 'W' )
1613
1614	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1615	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1616	variable_name = variable_name, &
1617	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1618	output_type = 'real32' )
1619
1620	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1621	variable_name = variable_name, &
1622	attribute_name = 'units', &
1623	value = 'rad/s' )
1624
1625	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1626	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1627	variable_name = variable_name, &
1628	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1629	output_type = 'real32' )
1630
1631	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1632	variable_name = variable_name, &
1633	attribute_name = 'units', &
1634	value = 'Nm' )
1635
1636	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1637	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1638	variable_name = variable_name, &
1639	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1640	output_type = 'real32' )
1641
1642	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1643	variable_name = variable_name, &
1644	attribute_name = 'units', &
1645	value = 'degrees' )
1646
1647	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1648	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1649	variable_name = variable_name, &
1650	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1651	output_type = 'real32' )
1652
1653	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1654	variable_name = variable_name, &
1655	attribute_name = 'units', &
1656	value = 'W' )
1657
1658	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1659	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1660	variable_name = variable_name, &
1661	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1662	output_type = 'real32' )
1663
1664	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1665	variable_name = variable_name, &
1666	attribute_name = 'units', &
1667	value = 'rad/s' )
1668
1669	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1670	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1671	variable_name = variable_name, &
1672	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1673	output_type = 'real32' )
1674
1675	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1676	variable_name = variable_name, &
1677	attribute_name = 'units', &
1678	value = 'N' )
1679
1680	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1681	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1682	variable_name = variable_name, &
1683	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1684	output_type = 'real32' )
1685
1686	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1687	variable_name = variable_name, &
1688	attribute_name = 'units', &
1689	value = 'Nm' )
1690
1691	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1692	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1693	variable_name = variable_name, &
1694	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1695	output_type = 'real32' )
1696
1697	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1698	variable_name = variable_name, &
1699	attribute_name = 'units', &
1700	value = 'degrees' )
1701
1702	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1703	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1704	variable_name = variable_name, &
1705	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1706	output_type = 'real32' )
1707
1708	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1709	variable_name = variable_name, &
1710	attribute_name = 'units', &
1711	value = 'degrees' )
1712
1713	ENDIF
1714	END SUBROUTINE
1715
1716	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1717	! Description:
1718	! ------------
1719	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables and the distribution of lift and
1720	!> drag tables along the blade
1721	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1722	!
1723	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1724
1725
1726	IMPLICIT NONE
1727
1728	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1729
1730	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1731	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1732
1733	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1734
1735	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1736	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1737	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1738	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1739	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1740	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1741	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1742	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1743	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1744	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1745
1746
1747	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1748	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1749	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1750
1751	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1752	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1753
1754	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1755	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1756	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1757	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1758	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1759
1760	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1761	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1762	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1763	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1764	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1765
1766	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2 * n_airfoils + 1) )
1767
1768	!
1769	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the layout of the rotor
1770	!-- blade and the lift and drag tables:
1771	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1772
1773	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1774	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1775	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1776	ENDIF
1777	!
1778	!-- Read distribution table:
1779	dlen = 0
1780
1781	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1782
1783	rloop3: DO
1784	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1785	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1786	dlen = dlen + 1
1787	ENDDO rloop3
1788
1789	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen) )
1790
1791	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1792	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1793	ENDDO
1794
1795	DO jj = 1, dlen
1796	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1797	ENDDO
1798
1799	!
1800	!-- Read layout table:
1801	dlen = 0
1802
1803	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1804
1805	rloop1: DO
1806	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1807	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1808	dlen = dlen + 1
1809	ENDDO rloop1
1810
1811	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1812	DO jj = 1, dlen + 1
1813	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1814	ENDDO
1815	DO jj = 1, dlen
1816	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1817	ENDDO
1818
1819	!
1820	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1821	dlen = 0
1822
1823	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1824
1825	rloop2: DO
1826	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1827	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1828	dlen = dlen + 1
1829	ENDDO rloop2
1830
1831	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils), &
1832	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils) )
1833
1834	DO jj = 1, dlen + 1
1835	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1836	ENDDO
1837
1838	DO jj = 1, dlen
1839	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1840	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1841	DO ii = 1, n_airfoils
1842	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii * 2)
1843	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii * 2 + 1)
1844	ENDDO
1845
1846	ENDDO
1847
1848	dlenbl = dlen
1849
1850	CLOSE ( 90 )
1851
1852	!
1853	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rotor_radius(1)=63m)
1854	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!) determine the
1855	!-- lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the tabulated values of each table
1856	!-- (interpolate to current angle of attack) and between the tables (interpolate to current
1857	!-- radial position):
1858	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1859	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1860	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1861	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1862
1863	radres = INT( rotor_radius(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1864	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1865
1866	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1867	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1868
1869	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1870
1871	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1872	!
1873	!-- Find position in table 1:
1874	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1875	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1876
1877	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1878	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1879	ENDIF
1880
1881	trow = lct(1)
1882	!
1883	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation:
1884	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1885	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1886	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1887	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1888
1889	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1890	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1891	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1892	ENDIF
1893
1894	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1895	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1896	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1897	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1898	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1899
1900	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1901	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1902	! explicitly
1903	ELSE
1904	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1905	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1906	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1907	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1908	!
1909	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set explicitly:
1910	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b * turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1911	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b * turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1912	ENDIF
1913
1914	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1915
1916	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1917	ialpha = 1
1918
1919	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. ( ialpha < dlen ) )
1920	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1921	ENDDO
1922
1923	!
1924	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius segments and angles
1925	!-- of attack:
1926	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_i ) / &
1927	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1928	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1929	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) + &
1930	( alpha_attack_i - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1931	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1932	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1933	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1934	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_i ) / &
1935	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1936	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1937	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) + &
1938	( alpha_attack_i - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1939	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1940	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1941	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1942
1943	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1944
1945	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1946
1947
1948	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1949
1950
1951	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1952	! Description:
1953	! ------------
1954	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect to the yaw and tilt
1955	!> angle of the rotor is calculated
1956	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1957	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1958
1959
1960	IMPLICIT NONE
1961
1962	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1963	!
1964	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to the rotors:
1965	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1966	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1967	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1968
1969	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1970	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1971	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1972
1973	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1974	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1975	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1976
1977	!
1978	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to the rotor.
1979	!-- If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1980	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1981	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1982	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1983	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1984	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1985	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1986	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1987	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1988	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1989	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1990	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1991	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1992	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1993	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1994	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1995	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1996	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1997	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1998	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1999	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
2000	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
2001	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
2002	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
2003	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
2004
2005	!
2006	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric coordinate system to the
2007	!-- cartesian coordinate system:
2008	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
2009	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
2010	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
2011
2012	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
2013
2014
2015	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2016	! Description:
2017	! ------------
2018	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
2019	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2020	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2021
2022
2023	IMPLICIT NONE
2024
2025
2026	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
2027	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
2028	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
2029	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
2030	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
2031	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
2032
2033	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
2034	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
2035	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
2036
2037	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
2038	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
2039
2040	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
2041
2042
2043	!
2044	!-- Variables for pitch control:
2045	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
2046
2047	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2048
2049	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
2050
2051	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
2052
2053
2054	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
2055
2056
2057	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2058
2059	!
2060	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
2061	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2062	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2063	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2064	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
2065	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2066	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2067	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2068	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
2069	!
2070	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2071	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2072
2073	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2074	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2075	!
2076	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2077	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
2078	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
2079	!$OMP DO
2080	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2081
2082	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
2083	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
2084	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
2085	!
2086	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2087	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2088
2089	!
2090	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2091	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2092	!
2093	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2094	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
2095	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2096	!
2097	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of rotor system
2098	!-- (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned with y-axis):
2099	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2100	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2101	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2102
2103	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to the yaw and tilt angle:
2104	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2105	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2106	re(3) = sin_rot
2107
2108	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2109	!
2110	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2111	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2112	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2113	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2114
2115	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2116	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the cartesian grid point to --!
2117	!-- !-- the coordinates of each ring segment (follows a method used in the --!
2118	!-- !-- particle model) --!
2119	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2120
2121	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2122	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2123
2124	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2125	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2126
2127	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2128	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2129
2130	!
2131	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
2132	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
2133	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2134	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2135	!
2136	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on the current PE:
2137	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2138	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2139
2140	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2141	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2142	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2143	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2144	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2145	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2146	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2147	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2148	gg = dx * dy
2149
2150	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) &
2151	+ dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2152
2153	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) &
2154	+ dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2155
2156	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + ( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2157	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
2158
2159	ELSE
2160	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2161	ENDIF
2162
2163	ELSE
2164	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2165	ENDIF
2166
2167
2168	!
2169	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2170	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2171	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2172	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2173	!
2174	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on the current PE:
2175	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2176	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2177
2178	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2179	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2180	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2181	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2182	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2183	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2184	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2185	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2186	gg = dx * dy
2187
2188	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) &
2189	+ dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2190
2191	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) &
2192	+ dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2193
2194	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + ( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2195	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2196
2197	ELSE
2198	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2199	ENDIF
2200
2201	ELSE
2202	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2203	ENDIF
2204
2205
2206	!
2207	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2208	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2209	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2210	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2211	!
2212	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on the current PE:
2213	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2214	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2215
2216	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2217	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2218	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2219	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2220	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2221	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2222	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2223	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2224	gg = dx * dy
2225
2226	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) &
2227	+ dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2228
2229	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) &
2230	+ dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) ) / gg
2231
2232	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + ( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2233	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2234	ELSE
2235	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2236	ENDIF
2237
2238	ELSE
2239	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2240	ENDIF
2241
2242	ENDDO
2243
2244	ENDDO
2245	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2246
2247	ENDDO
2248
2249	!
2250	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2251	#if defined( __parallel )
2252	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2253	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2254	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2255	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2256	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2257	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2258	#else
2259	u_int = u_int_1_l
2260	v_int = v_int_1_l
2261	w_int = w_int_1_l
2262	#endif
2263
2264
2265	!
2266	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2267	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2268	pit_loop: DO
2269
2270	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2271	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2272	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2273	pitch_angle(inot) = pitch_angle(inot) + 0.25_wp
2274	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_angle(inot)
2275	ELSE
2276	cos_yaw = COS( yaw_angle(inot) )
2277	sin_yaw = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) )
2278	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2279	pitch_angle(inot) = MAX( pitch_angle_old(inot) - pitch_rate * dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2280	ENDIF
2281	ENDIF
2282
2283	!
2284	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2285	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2286	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2287	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2288	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2289	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2290	!$OMP DO
2291	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2292	!
2293	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2294	cur_r = ( ring - 0.5_wp ) * delta_r(inot)
2295	!
2296	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2297	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2298	!
2299	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of rotor system
2300	!-- (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned with y-axis):
2301	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2302	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2303	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2304	!
2305	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to the yaw and tilt angle:
2306	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2307	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2308	re(3) = sin_rot
2309
2310	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2311	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2312	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2313	rea(3) = cos_rot
2314
2315	!
2316	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of velocities and forces the
2317	!-- unit vectors perpendicular to the rotor area in direction of the positive yaw
2318	!-- angle are defined:
2319	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2320	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2321	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2322	!
2323	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix gives the final unit
2324	!-- vector with consideration of the rotor tilt:
2325	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2326	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2327	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2328	!
2329	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2330	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2331
2332	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2333
2334	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2335
2336	!
2337	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2338	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2339	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2340	!
2341	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its components perpendicular
2342	!-- and parallel to the rotor area.
2343	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-coordinates y' and z.
2344	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied on the hydrodynamic
2345	!-- equations.
2346	!
2347	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area:
2348	!
2349	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2350	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg) * rotn(1) + v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2351	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2352	!
2353
2354	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal direction:
2355	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2356	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2357	!
2358
2359	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane and the direction of the
2360	!-- flow relative to the rotor:
2361	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN2( u_rot , ( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - vtheta(rseg) ) )
2362
2363	!
2364	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values to the current
2365	!-- radial position:
2366	lct = minloc( ABS( cur_r-lrd ) )
2367	rad_d = cur_r-lrd(lct)
2368
2369	IF ( cur_r == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2370	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2371
2372	ELSE IF ( cur_r >= lrd(size(ard)) ) THEN
2373	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard) ) + ard(size(ard) -1 ) ) / 2.0_wp
2374
2375	ELSE
2376	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard( lct(1) ) * ( ( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - cur_r ) / &
2377	( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) ) + &
2378	( ard( lct(1) + 1 ) * ( ( cur_r - lrd( lct(1) ) ) / &
2379	( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) )
2380	ENDIF
2381
2382	!
2383	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all angles.
2384	!-- Therefore, a transformation from angles given in degree to angles given in radian
2385	!-- is necessary here:
2386	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * ( ( 2.0_wp * pi ) / 360.0_wp )
2387	!
2388	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local angle of attack:
2389	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2390	!
2391	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian to angles given in
2392	!-- degree:
2393	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * ( 360.0_wp / ( 2.0_wp * pi ) )
2394	!
2395	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2396	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_angle(inot)
2397
2398	!
2399	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative to the rotor:
2400	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot*2 + ( rotor_speed(inot) cur_r - vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2401
2402	!
2403	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2404	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2405	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2406	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2407
2408	!
2409	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to the current radial
2410	!-- position:
2411	IF ( cur_r == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2412	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2413
2414	ELSE IF ( cur_r >= lrd( size(crd) ) ) THEN
2415	chord(rseg) = ( crd( size(crd) ) + ard( size(crd) - 1 ) ) / 2.0_wp
2416
2417	ELSE
2418	chord(rseg) = ( crd( lct(1) ) * ( ( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - cur_r ) / &
2419	( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) ) + ( crd( lct(1) + 1 ) &
2420	* ( ( cur_r - lrd( lct(1) ) ) / ( lrd( lct(1) + 1 ) - &
2421	lrd( lct(1) ) ) ) )
2422	ENDIF
2423
2424	!
2425	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for finding the appropriate
2426	!-- interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2427	!-- (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601, so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2428	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2429	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2430	!
2431	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for finding the appropriate
2432	!-- interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2433	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2434	!
2435	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients for the current
2436	!-- radial position and angle of attack:
2437	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2438	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2439
2440	!
2441	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to angles given in radian:
2442	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * ( ( 2.0_wp * pi ) / 360.0_wp )
2443
2444	IF ( tip_loss_correction ) THEN
2445	!
2446	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito.
2447	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force.
2448	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift coefficient and
2449	!-- not to the drag coefficient in our case.
2450	IF ( phi_rel(rseg) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2451	tl_factor = 1.0_wp
2452
2453	ELSE
2454	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2455	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rotor_radius(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2456	( 2.0 * cur_r * ABS( SIN( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2457	ENDIF
2458
2459	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2460
2461	ENDIF
2462	!
2463	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2464	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2465	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2466
2467	!
2468	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2469	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * ( vrel(rseg)*2 ) 3.0_wp * chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) &
2470	/ nsegs(ring,inot)
2471
2472	!
2473	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force) for each ring segment:
2474	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * ( turb_cl(rseg) * COS (phi_rel(rseg) ) + &
2475	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN( phi_rel(rseg) ) )
2476
2477	!
2478	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting on the flow in the
2479	!-- azimuthal direction: force vector as basis for torque (torque itself would be the
2480	!-- vector product of the radius vector and the force vector):
2481	torque_seg = pre_factor * ( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN (phi_rel(rseg) ) - &
2482	turb_cd(rseg) * COS( phi_rel(rseg) ) )
2483	!
2484	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts: One acting along the
2485	!-- y-direction and one acting along the z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2486	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2487	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2488
2489	!
2490	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor:
2491	!$OMP CRITICAL
2492	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + thrust_seg(rseg)
2493
2494
2495	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2496	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2497
2498	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2499
2500	!
2501	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of each ring:
2502	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2503	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2504	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2505
2506
2507	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2508	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2509
2510
2511	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2512
2513
2514	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2515	!
2516	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control:
2517
2518	!
2519	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from the force balance of the
2520	!-- accelerating torque and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator:
2521	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_density * gear_efficiency - &
2522	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / ( rotor_inertia + &
2523	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * generator_inertia ) * dt_3d
2524
2525	!
2526	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio and rotor speed:
2527	generator_speed(inot) = gear_ratio * ( rotor_speed(inot) + om_rate )
2528
2529	ENDIF
2530
2531	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2532
2533	!
2534	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not saturated and the
2535	!-- change from the last time step is within the maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop
2536	!-- is repeated with a pitch gain:
2537	IF ( ( generator_speed(inot) > generator_speed_rated ) .AND. &
2538	( pitch_angle(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2539	( pitch_angle(inot) < pitch_angle_old(inot) + pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2540	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2541	!
2542	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop:
2543	CYCLE pit_loop
2544	ENDIF
2545
2546	!
2547	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step:
2548	pitch_angle_old(inot) = pitch_angle(inot)
2549	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2550	ENDIF
2551	EXIT pit_loop
2552	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2553
2554
2555	!
2556	!-- Call the rotor speed controller:
2557	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2558	!
2559	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub:
2560	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2561	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2562	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2563	ENDIF
2564	ENDIF
2565
2566	ENDIF
2567
2568
2569	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2570
2571	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2572
2573
2574	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2575	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2576	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2577	!-- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2578	!
2579	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on several mesh points in
2580	!-- order to avoid singular behaviour.
2581	!
2582	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor (calculated in user_init)
2583	!-- includes information on the distance between the center of the grid cell and the rotor
2584	!-- segment under consideration.
2585	!
2586	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part of the model domain:
2587	!
2588	!--
2589	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2590	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + eps_min ) / dx )
2591	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + eps_min ) / dy )
2592
2593	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2594	!$OMP DO
2595	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2596	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2597	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2598	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2599	DO k = nzb + 1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2600	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2601	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2602	!
2603	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography:
2604	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2605
2606	!
2607	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the current grid point and
2608	!-- each rotor area segment:
2609	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2610	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2611	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2612
2613	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2614	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2615	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2616
2617	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2618	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2619	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2620
2621	!
2622	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function (much faster than
2623	!-- the old Gaussian function), using some parameters that have been
2624	!-- calculated in user_init. The function is only similar to Gaussian
2625	!-- function for squared distances <= eps_min2:
2626	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2627	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2628	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2629	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * flag
2630	ENDIF
2631
2632	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2633	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2634	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2635	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * flag
2636	ENDIF
2637
2638	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2639	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2640	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2641	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * flag
2642	ENDIF
2643
2644	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2645	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2646
2647	!
2648	!-- Rotation of force components:
2649	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( thrust(k,j,i) * rotx(inot,1) + &
2650	torque_y(k,j,i) * roty(inot,1) + torque_z(k,j,i) * &
2651	rotz(inot,1) ) * flag
2652
2653	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( thrust(k,j,i) * rotx(inot,2) + &
2654	torque_y(k,j,i) * roty(inot,2) + torque_z(k,j,i) * &
2655	rotz(inot,2) ) * flag
2656
2657	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( thrust(k,j,i) * rotx(inot,3) + &
2658	torque_y(k,j,i) * roty(inot,3) + torque_z(k,j,i) * &
2659	rotz(inot,3) ) * flag
2660
2661	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2662	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2663	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2664	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2665
2666	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2667
2668	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2669
2670
2671	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2672	!
2673	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call. Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set.
2674	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2675	wdlon= MAX( 1 , NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 30s running mean array
2676	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:n_turbines,1:WDLON) )
2677	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2678	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2679
2680	wdsho = MAX( 1 , NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 2s running mean array
2681	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:n_turbines,1:wdsho) )
2682	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2683	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:wdsho) )
2684	start_up = .FALSE.
2685	ENDIF
2686
2687	!
2688	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed:
2689	!--
2690	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2691	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2692	!
2693	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub:
2694	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2695	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
2696	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2697	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( 0.5_wp * &
2698	( v(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot), i_hub(inot) + 1) + &
2699	v(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot), i_hub(inot)) ) , 0.5_wp * &
2700	( u(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot) + 1, i_hub(inot)) + &
2701	u(k_hub(inot), j_hub(inot), i_hub(inot)) ) )
2702
2703	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2704
2705	yaw_angle_l(inot) = yaw_angle(inot)
2706
2707	ENDIF
2708	ENDIF
2709
2710	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
2711
2712	!
2713	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus:
2714	#if defined( __parallel )
2715	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2716	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2717	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2718	comm2d, ierr )
2719	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( yaw_angle_l, yaw_angle, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2720	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2721	#else
2722	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2723	wdir = wdir_l
2724	yaw_angle = yaw_angle_l
2725
2726	#endif
2727	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2728	!
2729	!-- Update rotor orientation:
2730	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2731
2732	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2733
2734	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2735
2736	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2737	!
2738	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus:
2739	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed, generator_speed_old, n_turbines, &
2740	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2741	#if defined( __parallel )
2742	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, n_turbines, &
2743	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2744	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( rotor_speed_l, rotor_speed, n_turbines, &
2745	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2746	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed_f, generator_speed_f_old, n_turbines, &
2747	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2748	#else
2749	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2750	rotor_speed = rotor_speed_l
2751	generator_speed_f_old = generator_speed_f
2752	#endif
2753
2754	ENDIF
2755
2756	ENDIF
2757
2758	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2759
2760
2761	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2762
2763
2764	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2765	! Description:
2766	! ------------
2767	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2768	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2769	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2770
2771	USE kinds
2772
2773	IMPLICIT NONE
2774
2775	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2776	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2777
2778	REAL(wp) :: missal
2779
2780	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2781
2782	!
2783	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction. If the difference
2784	!-- between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The
2785	!-- mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5
2786	!-- degrees. Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly the lengths
2787	!-- of the running means change and it does not correspond to 30s/2s anymore.
2788	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2789	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause problems and the yaw
2790	!-- controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for averaging needs to be improved!
2791	!
2792	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing:
2793	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2794	!
2795	!-- Write current wind direction into array:
2796	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2797	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2798	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2799	!
2800	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies ):
2801	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2802
2803	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - yaw_angle(inot)
2804	!
2805	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than yaw_misalignment_max:
2806	IF ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_max ) THEN
2807	!
2808	!-- Check in which direction to yaw:
2809	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2810	!
2811	!-- Start yawing of turbine:
2812	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2813	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2814	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2815	ENDIF
2816	ENDIF
2817
2818	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2819
2820	!
2821	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2822	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller than
2823	!-- yaw_misalignment_min
2824
2825	ELSE
2826	!
2827	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean:
2828
2829	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2830	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2831	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2832	!
2833	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies ):
2834	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2835	!
2836	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine:
2837	missal = SUM( wd2_l - yaw_angle(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2838	!
2839	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the yaw direction is
2840	!-- still right:
2841	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_min ) .AND. &
2842	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2843	!
2844	!-- Continue yawing:
2845	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2846
2847	ELSE
2848	!
2849	!-- Stop yawing:
2850	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2851	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2852	ENDIF
2853	ELSE
2854	!
2855	!-- Continue yawing:
2856	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2857	ENDIF
2858
2859	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2860
2861	ENDIF
2862
2863	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2864
2865
2866	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2867	! Description:
2868	! ------------
2869	!> Initialization of the speed control
2870	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2871	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2872
2873
2874	IMPLICIT NONE
2875
2876	!
2877	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for the control algorithm
2878	!-- are calculated:
2879	!
2880	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15:
2881	slope15 = ( region_2_slope * region_2_min * region_2_min ) / &
2882	( region_2_min - region_15_min )
2883	!
2884	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region:
2885	vs_sysp = generator_speed_rated / 1.1_wp
2886	!
2887	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region:
2888	region_25_slope = ( generator_power_rated / generator_speed_rated ) / &
2889	( generator_speed_rated - vs_sysp )
2890	!
2891	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region:
2892	region_25_min = ( region_25_slope - SQRT( region_25_slope * &
2893	( region_25_slope - 4.0_wp * region_2_slope * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2894	( 2.0_wp * region_2_slope )
2895	!
2896	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter:
2897	fcorner = 0.25_wp
2898	!
2899	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent an overspeeding of the rotor:
2900	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2901	torque_gen_old(:) = generator_torque_max
2902	ENDIF
2903
2904	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2905
2906
2907	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2908	! Description:
2909	! ------------
2910	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2911	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2912	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2913
2914
2915	IMPLICIT NONE
2916
2917	INTEGER(iwp):: inot
2918
2919
2920	!
2921	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW
2922	!-- Reference Wind Turbine for offshore system developement"
2923
2924	!
2925	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter for the control of the generator torque:
2926	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * fcorner)
2927	generator_speed_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * generator_speed(inot) + lp_coeff * &
2928	generator_speed_f_old(inot)
2929
2930	IF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_15_min ) THEN
2931	!
2932	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2933	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2934
2935	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_2_min ) THEN
2936	!
2937	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2938	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - region_15_min )
2939
2940	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_25_min ) THEN
2941	!
2942	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator speed to keep the
2943	!-- TSR optimal:
2944	torque_gen(inot) = region_2_slope * generator_speed_f(inot) * generator_speed_f(inot)
2945
2946	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) < generator_speed_rated ) THEN
2947	!
2948	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2949	torque_gen(inot) = region_25_slope * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2950
2951	ELSE
2952	!
2953	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to keep the power
2954	!-- constant:
2955	torque_gen(inot) = generator_power_rated / generator_speed_f(inot)
2956
2957	ENDIF
2958	!
2959	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max:
2960	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2961	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * generator_torque_rate_max ), generator_torque_rate_max )
2962	!
2963	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque:
2964	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2965	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), generator_torque_max )
2966	!
2967	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep:
2968	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
2969
2970
2971	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2972
2973
2974	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2975	! Description:
2976	! ------------
2977	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the flow components
2978	!> (tendency terms)
2979	!> Call for all grid points
2980	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2981	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2982
2983
2984	CHARACTER(LEN=*) :: location !<
2985
2986	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2987	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2988	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2989
2990
2991	SELECT CASE ( location )
2992
2993	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2994
2995	CALL wtm_forces
2996
2997	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2998	!
2999
3000	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3001	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3002	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3003	DO j = nysg, nyng
3004	DO k = nzb + 1, MAXVAL( k_hub ) + MAXVAL( k_smear )
3005	!
3006	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower:
3007	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3008	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3009	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) - tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) * &
3010	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3011	ENDDO
3012	ENDDO
3013	ENDDO
3014	ENDIF
3015
3016	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3017	!
3018	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3019	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3020	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3021	DO j = nysg, nyng
3022	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3023	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3024	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3025	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) - tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) * &
3026	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3027	ENDDO
3028	ENDDO
3029	ENDDO
3030	ENDIF
3031
3032	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3033	!
3034	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3035	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3036	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3037	DO j = nysg, nyng
3038	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3039	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) * &
3040	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3041	ENDDO
3042	ENDDO
3043	ENDDO
3044	ENDIF
3045
3046
3047	CASE DEFAULT
3048	CONTINUE
3049
3050	END SELECT
3051
3052
3053	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3054
3055
3056	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3057	! Description:
3058	! ------------
3059	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the flow components
3060	!> (tendency terms)
3061	!> Call for grid point i,j
3062	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3063	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3064
3065
3066	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3067
3068	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3069	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3070	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3071
3072	SELECT CASE ( location )
3073
3074	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3075
3076	CALL wtm_forces
3077
3078	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3079	!
3080	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3081	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3082	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3083	!
3084	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower:
3085	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3086	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3087	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) - tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) * &
3088	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3089	ENDDO
3090	ENDIF
3091
3092	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3093	!
3094	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3095	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3096	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3097	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3098	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3099	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) - tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) * &
3100	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3101	ENDDO
3102	ENDIF
3103
3104	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3105	!
3106	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3107	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3108	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3109	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) * &
3110	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3111	ENDDO
3112	ENDIF
3113
3114
3115	CASE DEFAULT
3116	CONTINUE
3117
3118	END SELECT
3119
3120
3121	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3122
3123
3124	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3125
3126
3127	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3128	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3129
3130	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3131
3132	!
3133	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates:
3134	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3135	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3136	output_values_1d_target = hub_x(1:n_turbines)
3137	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3138	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3139	'x', &
3140	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3141	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3142	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3143
3144	output_values_1d_target = hub_y(1:n_turbines)
3145	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3146	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3147	'y', &
3148	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3149	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3150	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3151
3152	output_values_1d_target = hub_z(1:n_turbines)
3153	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3154	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3155	'z', &
3156	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3157	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3158	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3159
3160	output_values_1d_target = rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) * 2.0_wp
3161	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3162	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3163	'rotor_diameter', &
3164	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3165	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3166	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3167
3168	output_values_1d_target = tower_diameter(1:n_turbines)
3169	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3170	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3171	'tower_diameter', &
3172	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3173	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3174	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3175
3176	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3177	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3178	ENDIF
3179
3180	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3181
3182	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3183	output_values_1d_target = rotor_speed(:)
3184	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3185
3186	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3187	'rotor_speed', &
3188	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3189	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3190	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3191
3192	output_values_1d_target = generator_speed(:)
3193	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3194	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3195	'generator_speed', &
3196	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3197	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3198	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3199
3200	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3201	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3202
3203	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3204	'generator_torque', &
3205	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3206	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3207	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3208
3209	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3210	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3211
3212	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3213	'rotor_torque', &
3214	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3215	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3216	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3217
3218	output_values_1d_target = pitch_angle(:)
3219	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3220
3221	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3222	'pitch_angle', &
3223	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3224	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3225	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3226
3227	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:) * generator_speed(:) * generator_efficiency
3228	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3229
3230	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3231	'generator_power', &
3232	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3233	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3234	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3235
3236	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
3237	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot) * rotor_speed(inot) * air_density
3238	ENDDO
3239	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3240
3241	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3242	'rotor_power', &
3243	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3244	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3245	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3246
3247	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3248	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3249
3250	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3251	'rotor_thrust', &
3252	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3253	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3254	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3255
3256	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3257	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3258
3259	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3260	'wind_direction', &
3261	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3262	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3263	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3264
3265	output_values_1d_target = (yaw_angle(:)) * 180.0_wp / pi
3266	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3267
3268	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3269	'yaw_angle', &
3270	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3271	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3272	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3273
3274	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3275	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3276
3277	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3278	'time', &
3279	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3280	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3281	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3282
3283	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3284
3285	ENDIF
3286
3287	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3288
3289	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4889

Download in other formats: