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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4495

Last change on this file since 4495 was 4495, checked in by raasch, 5 years ago
restart data handling with MPI-IO added, first part
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 148.4 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANYr
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2020 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch $
28	! restart data handling with MPI-IO added
29	!
30	! 4481 2020-03-31 18:55:54Z maronga
31	! ASCII output cleanup
32	!
33	! 4465 2020-03-20 11:35:48Z maronga
34	! Removed old ASCII outputm, some syntax layout adjustments, added output for
35	! rotor and tower diameters. Added warning message in case of NetCDF 3 (no
36	! WTM output file will be produced).
37	!
38	! 4460 2020-03-12 16:47:30Z oliver.maas
39	! allow for simulating up to 10 000 wind turbines
40	!
41	! 4459 2020-03-12 09:35:23Z oliver.maas
42	! avoid division by zero in tip loss correction factor calculation
43	!
44	! 4457 2020-03-11 14:20:43Z raasch
45	! use statement for exchange horiz added
46	!
47	! 4447 2020-03-06 11:05:30Z oliver.maas
48	! renamed wind_turbine_parameters namelist variables
49	!
50	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
51	! Bugfix: shifted netcdf preprocessor directive to correct position
52	!
53	! 4436 2020-03-03 12:47:02Z oliver.maas
54	! added optional netcdf data input for wtm array input parameters
55	!
56	! 4426 2020-02-27 10:02:19Z oliver.maas
57	! define time as unlimited dimension so that no maximum number
58	! of time steps has to be given for wtm_data_output
59	!
60	! 4423 2020-02-25 07:17:11Z maronga
61	! Switched to serial output as data is aggerated before anyway.
62	!
63	! 4420 2020-02-24 14:13:56Z maronga
64	! Added output control for wind turbine model
65	!
66	! 4412 2020-02-19 14:53:13Z maronga
67	! Bugfix: corrected character length in dimension_names
68	!
69	! 4411 2020-02-18 14:28:02Z maronga
70	! Added output in NetCDF format using DOM (only netcdf4-parallel is supported).
71	! Old ASCII output is still available at the moment.
72	!
73	! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring
74	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
75	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
76	!
77	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
78	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
79	! greater than dlen
80	!
81	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
82	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
83	!
84	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
85	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
86	! torque and power values
87	!
88	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
89	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
90	!
91	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
92	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
93	!
94	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
95	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
96	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
97	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
98	!
99	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
100	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
101	! of additional debug messages
102	!
103	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
104	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
105	!
106	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
107	! instrumented with openmp directives
108	!
109	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
110	! unused variables removed
111	!
112	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
113	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
114	!
115	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
116	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
117	!
118	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
119	! Initial revision
120	!
121	!
122	! Description:
123	! ------------
124	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
125	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
126	!> (ADM-R).
127	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
128	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
129	!> yaw.
130	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
131	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
132	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
133	!> automatically).
134	!>
135	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
136	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
137	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
138	!> @todo Generate header information
139	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
140	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
141	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
142	!> @todo Include additional output variables
143	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
144	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
145	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
146	!
147	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
148	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
149
150	USE arrays_3d, &
151	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
152
153	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
154	ONLY: pi
155
156	USE control_parameters, &
157	ONLY: coupling_char, &
158	debug_output, &
159	dt_3d, dz, end_time, message_string, restart_data_format_output, time_since_reference_point,&
160	wind_turbine, initializing_actions, origin_date_time
161
162	USE cpulog, &
163	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
164
165	USE data_output_module
166
167	USE grid_variables, &
168	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
169
170	USE indices, &
171	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
172	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
173
174	USE kinds
175
176	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
177	ONLY: check_existence, &
178	close_input_file, &
179	get_variable, &
180	input_pids_wtm, &
181	inquire_num_variables, &
182	inquire_variable_names, &
183	input_file_wtm, &
184	num_var_pids, &
185	open_read_file, &
186	pids_id, &
187	vars_pids
188
189	USE pegrid
190
191	USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, &
192	ONLY: rrd_mpi_io_global_array, wrd_mpi_io_global_array
193
194
195	IMPLICIT NONE
196
197	PRIVATE
198
199	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: n_turbines_max = 10000 !< maximum number of turbines (for array allocation)
200
201	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: variable_name !< name of output variable
202	CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: nc_filename
203
204	!
205	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
206
207	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_airfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
208	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_turbines = 1 !< number of turbines
209
210
211	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: output_values_1d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
212	REAL(wp), POINTER :: output_values_0d_pointer !< pointer for 2d output array
213	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: output_values_1d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
214	REAL(wp), TARGET :: output_values_0d_target !< pointer for 2d output array
215
216	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
217	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
218	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
219	LOGICAL :: tip_loss_correction = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
220
221	LOGICAL :: initial_write_coordinates = .FALSE.
222
223	REAL(wp) :: dt_data_output_wtm = 0.0_wp !< data output interval
224	REAL(wp) :: time_wtm = 0.0_wp !< time since last data output
225
226
227	REAL(wp) :: segment_length_tangential = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
228	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
229	REAL(wp) :: segment_width_radial = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
230	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
231	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
232	REAL(wp) :: tilt_angle = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt_angle of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
233
234
235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_diameter = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max), TARGET :: rotor_speed = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: yaw_angle = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
239	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_x = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
240	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_y = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
241	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: hub_z = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_radius = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: rotor_radius = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
244	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: nacelle_cd = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: tower_cd = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
246
247	!
248	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
249	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
250
251	REAL(wp) :: generator_power_rated = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
252	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
253	REAL(wp) :: rotor_inertia = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
254	REAL(wp) :: generator_inertia = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
255	REAL(wp) :: generator_efficiency = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
256	REAL(wp) :: gear_efficiency = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
257	REAL(wp) :: air_density = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
258	REAL(wp) :: generator_speed_rated = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
259	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_max = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
260	REAL(wp) :: region_2_slope = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
261	REAL(wp) :: region_2_min = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
262	REAL(wp) :: region_15_min = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
263	REAL(wp) :: generator_torque_rate_max = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
264	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
265
266
267	!
268	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
269
270	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
271	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_max = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
272	REAL(wp) :: yaw_misalignment_min = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
273
274
275	!
276	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
277
278	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
279	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
280	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
281	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
282	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
283
284	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
285
286	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
287	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
288	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
289	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
290	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
291	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
292	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
293	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
294
295	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
296
297	!
298	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
299	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
300	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
301	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
302	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
303	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
304	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
305
306	!
307	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
312
313	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
314	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
315
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
318
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
321
322	!
323	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
324
325	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
326	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
327	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
328	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
329	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
330	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
331	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
332	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
333	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
334	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
335	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
336	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
337	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
338	!
339	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
340	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
341	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
342	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
343	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
344	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
345
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
355
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
358
359	!
360	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
367
368	!
369	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
373
374	!
375	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
379
380	!
381	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
385
386	!
387	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
391	!
392	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
394
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
404
405	!
406	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
407
408	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
409
410	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
411	REAL(wp) :: region_25_min !< min region 2.5
412	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
413	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
414	REAL(wp) :: region_25_slope !< slope in region 2.5
415	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
416	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
417	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
418
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(n_turbines_max) :: rotor_speed_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
420
421	!
422	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
423
424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yaw_angle_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
429	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
430	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
431	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
433	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
434	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
435	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
436	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
437
438	!
439	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: pitch_angle_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: generator_speed_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
445	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
446	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:n_turbines_max) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
447
448
449	SAVE
450
451
452	INTERFACE wtm_parin
453	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
454	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
455
456	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
457	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
458	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
459
460	INTERFACE wtm_data_output
461	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_data_output
462	END INTERFACE wtm_data_output
463
464	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
465	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
466	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
467
468	INTERFACE wtm_init
469	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
470	END INTERFACE wtm_init
471
472	INTERFACE wtm_init_output
473	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_output
474	END INTERFACE wtm_init_output
475
476	INTERFACE wtm_actions
477	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
478	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
479	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
480
481	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
482	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global_ftn
483	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
484	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
485
486	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
487	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
488	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
489
490
491	PUBLIC &
492	dt_data_output_wtm, &
493	time_wtm, &
494	wind_turbine
495
496	PUBLIC &
497	wtm_parin, &
498	wtm_check_parameters, &
499	wtm_data_output, &
500	wtm_init_arrays, &
501	wtm_init_output, &
502	wtm_init, &
503	wtm_actions, &
504	wtm_rrd_global, &
505	wtm_wrd_global
506
507
508	CONTAINS
509
510
511	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
512	! Description:
513	! ------------
514	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
515	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
516	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
517
518	IMPLICIT NONE
519
520	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
521
522	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
523	air_density, tower_diameter, dt_data_output_wtm, &
524	gear_efficiency, gear_ratio, generator_efficiency, &
525	generator_inertia, rotor_inertia, yaw_misalignment_max, &
526	generator_torque_max, generator_torque_rate_max, yaw_misalignment_min, &
527	region_15_min, region_2_min, n_airfoils, n_turbines, &
528	rotor_speed, yaw_angle, pitch_angle, pitch_control, &
529	generator_speed_rated, generator_power_rated, hub_x, hub_y, hub_z,&
530	nacelle_radius, rotor_radius, segment_length_tangential, segment_width_radial, &
531	region_2_slope, speed_control, tilt_angle, time_turbine_on, &
532	tower_cd, pitch_rate, &
533	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tip_loss_correction
534	! , nacelle_cd
535
536	!
537	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
538	REWIND ( 11 )
539	line = ' '
540	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
541	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
542	ENDDO
543	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
544
545	!
546	!-- Read user-defined namelist
547	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 12 )
548	!
549	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
550	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
551
552	GOTO 12
553
554	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
555	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
556	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
557
558	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
559
560	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
561
562
563	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
564	! Description:
565	! ------------
566	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
567	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
568	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
569
570
571	IMPLICIT NONE
572
573
574	IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN
575
576	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed' )
577	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed
578
579	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f' )
580	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f
581
582	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
583	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_f_old
584
585	CALL wrd_write_string( 'generator_speed_old' )
586	WRITE ( 14 ) generator_speed_old
587
588	CALL wrd_write_string( 'rotor_speed' )
589	WRITE ( 14 ) rotor_speed
590
591	CALL wrd_write_string( 'yaw_angle' )
592	WRITE ( 14 ) yaw_angle
593
594	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle' )
595	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle
596
597	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_angle_old' )
598	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_angle_old
599
600	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
601	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
602
603	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
604	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
605
606	ELSEIF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'mpi' ) THEN
607
608	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed', generator_speed )
609	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f', generator_speed_f )
610	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f_old', generator_speed_f_old )
611	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_old', generator_speed_old )
612	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed )
613	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle )
614	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle )
615	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle_old', pitch_angle_old )
616	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen', torque_gen )
617	CALL wrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen_old', torque_gen_old )
618
619	ENDIF
620
621	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
622
623
624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
625	! Description:
626	! ------------
627	!> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format).
628	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
629	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_ftn( found )
630
631
632	USE control_parameters, &
633	ONLY: length, restart_string
634
635
636	IMPLICIT NONE
637
638	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
639
640
641	found = .TRUE.
642
643
644	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
645
646	CASE ( 'generator_speed' )
647	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed
648	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f' )
649	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f
650	CASE ( 'generator_speed_f_old' )
651	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_f_old
652	CASE ( 'generator_speed_old' )
653	READ ( 13 ) generator_speed_old
654	CASE ( 'rotor_speed' )
655	READ ( 13 ) rotor_speed
656	CASE ( 'yaw_angle' )
657	READ ( 13 ) yaw_angle
658	CASE ( 'pitch_angle' )
659	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle
660	CASE ( 'pitch_angle_old' )
661	READ ( 13 ) pitch_angle_old
662	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
663	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
664	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
665	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
666
667	CASE DEFAULT
668
669	found = .FALSE.
670
671	END SELECT
672
673
674	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_ftn
675
676
677	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
678	! Description:
679	! ------------
680	!> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO).
681	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
682	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
683
684	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed', generator_speed )
685	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f', generator_speed_f )
686	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_f_old', generator_speed_f_old )
687	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'generator_speed_old', generator_speed_old )
688	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed )
689	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle )
690	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle )
691	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'pitch_angle_old', pitch_angle_old )
692	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen', torque_gen )
693	CALL rrd_mpi_io_global_array( 'torque_gen_old', torque_gen_old )
694
695	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global_mpi
696
697
698	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
699	! Description:
700	! ------------
701	!> Check namelist parameter
702	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
703	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
704
705	IMPLICIT NONE
706
707	IF ( .NOT. input_pids_wtm ) THEN
708	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
709	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
710	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
711	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
712	ENDIF
713
714	IF ( ANY( rotor_speed(1:n_turbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
715	message_string = 'rotor_speed < 0.0, Please set rotor_speed to ' // &
716	'a value equal or larger than zero'
717	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
718	ENDIF
719
720
721	IF ( ANY( hub_x(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
722	ANY( hub_y(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
723	ANY( hub_z(1:n_turbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
724
725	message_string = 'hub_x, hub_y, hub_z ' // &
726	'have to be given for each turbine.'
727	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
728	ENDIF
729	ENDIF
730
731	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
732	!
733
734	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
735	! Description:
736	! ------------
737	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
738	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
739	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
740
741	IMPLICIT NONE
742
743	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
744	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
745
746	#if defined( __netcdf )
747	!
748	! Read wtm input file (netcdf) if it exists
749	IF ( input_pids_wtm ) THEN
750
751	!
752	!-- Open the wtm input file
753	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_wtm ) // &
754	TRIM( coupling_char ), pids_id )
755
756	CALL inquire_num_variables( pids_id, num_var_pids )
757
758	!
759	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names and read them
760	ALLOCATE( vars_pids(1:num_var_pids) )
761	CALL inquire_variable_names( pids_id, vars_pids )
762
763	!
764	!-- Input of all wtm parameters
765	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_diameter' ) ) THEN
766	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_diameter', tower_diameter(1:n_turbines))
767	ENDIF
768
769	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_speed' ) ) THEN
770	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_speed', rotor_speed(1:n_turbines))
771	ENDIF
772
773	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'pitch_angle' ) ) THEN
774	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'pitch_angle', pitch_angle(1:n_turbines))
775	ENDIF
776
777	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'yaw_angle' ) ) THEN
778	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'yaw_angle', yaw_angle(1:n_turbines))
779	ENDIF
780
781	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_x' ) ) THEN
782	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_x', hub_x(1:n_turbines))
783	ENDIF
784
785	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_y' ) ) THEN
786	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_y', hub_y(1:n_turbines))
787	ENDIF
788
789	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'hub_z' ) ) THEN
790	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'hub_z', hub_z(1:n_turbines))
791	ENDIF
792
793	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_radius' ) ) THEN
794	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_radius', nacelle_radius(1:n_turbines))
795	ENDIF
796
797	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'rotor_radius' ) ) THEN
798	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'rotor_radius', rotor_radius(1:n_turbines))
799	ENDIF
800	!
801	! IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'nacelle_cd' ) ) THEN
802	! CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'nacelle_cd', nacelle_cd(1:n_turbines))
803	! ENDIF
804
805	IF ( check_existence( vars_pids, 'tower_cd' ) ) THEN
806	CALL get_variable( pids_id, 'tower_cd', tower_cd(1:n_turbines))
807	ENDIF
808	!
809	!-- Close wtm input file
810	CALL close_input_file( pids_id )
811
812	ENDIF
813	#endif
814
815	!
816	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
817	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
818
819	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:n_turbines) )
820	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:n_turbines) )
821
822	nrings(:) = 0
823	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
824
825	!
826	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
827	delta_r_factor = segment_width_radial
828	delta_t_factor = segment_length_tangential
829	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
830
831	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
832	!
833	!-- Determine number of rings:
834	nrings(inot) = NINT( rotor_radius(inot) / delta_r_init )
835
836	delta_r(inot) = rotor_radius(inot) / nrings(inot)
837
838	ENDDO
839
840	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
841
842	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:n_turbines) )
843	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:n_turbines) )
844
845	nsegs(:,:) = 0
846	nsegs_total(:) = 0
847
848
849	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
850	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
851	!
852	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
853	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
854	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
855	delta_t_factor ) )
856	ENDDO
857	!
858	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
859	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
860
861	ENDDO
862
863	!
864	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
865	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
866
867	!!
868	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
869	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
870	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
871	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
872	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
873	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
874	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
875	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
876	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
877	! ENDIF
878
879
880	!
881	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
882	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:n_turbines) )
883	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:n_turbines) )
884	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:n_turbines) )
885	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:n_turbines) )
886	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:n_turbines) )
887	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:n_turbines) )
888	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:n_turbines) )
889	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:n_turbines) )
890
891	!
892	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
893	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:n_turbines) )
894	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:n_turbines) )
895	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:n_turbines) )
896	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:n_turbines) )
897	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:n_turbines) )
898	ALLOCATE( yaw_angle_l(1:n_turbines) )
899
900	!
901	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
902	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
903	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
904	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
905	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
906	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
907	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
908	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
909	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
910	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
911	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
912
913	!
914	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
915	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
916	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
917	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
918	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
919	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
920	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
921
922	!
923	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
924	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
925	ALLOCATE( roty(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
926	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:n_turbines,1:3) )
927
928	!
929	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
930	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
931	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
932	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
933	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
934	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
935	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
936	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
937	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
938
939	!
940	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
941	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
942	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
943	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
944	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
945	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
946	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:n_turbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
947
948	!
949	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
950	i_hub(:) = 0
951	i_smear(:) = 0
952	j_hub(:) = 0
953	j_smear(:) = 0
954	k_hub(:) = 0
955	k_smear(:) = 0
956
957	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
958	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
959
960	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
961	generator_speed(:) = 0.0_wp
962	generator_speed_old(:) = 0.0_wp
963	generator_speed_f(:) = 0.0_wp
964	generator_speed_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
965	pitch_angle_old(:) = 0.0_wp
966	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
967	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
968	ENDIF
969
970	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
971	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
972	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
973	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
974	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
975	yaw_angle_l(:) = 0.0_wp
976
977	!
978	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
979	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
980	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
981	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
982	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
983	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
984	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
985	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
986	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
987	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
988	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
989
990	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
991	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
992	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
993	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
994	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
995	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
996
997	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
998	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
999	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1000
1001	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1002	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1003	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1004	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1005	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1006	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1007	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1008	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1009
1010	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1011	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1012	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1013	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1014	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1015	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1016
1017
1018	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
1019
1020
1021	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1022	! Description:
1023	! ------------
1024	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
1025	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1026	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1027
1028
1029	USE control_parameters, &
1030	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
1031
1032	USE exchange_horiz_mod, &
1033	ONLY: exchange_horiz
1034
1035	IMPLICIT NONE
1036
1037
1038
1039	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1040	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1041	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1042
1043
1044	!
1045	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
1046	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
1047
1048	!
1049	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
1050	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
1051	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
1052
1053	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
1054
1055	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
1056	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
1057	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
1058	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
1059
1060	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
1061
1062	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:n_turbines) )
1063	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:n_turbines) )
1064	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:n_turbines) )
1065	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:n_turbines) )
1066
1067	!
1068	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1069	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1070	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1071	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1072	!
1073	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1074	!-- be calculated:
1075
1076	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1077	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1078	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1079	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1080	!
1081	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1082	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1083	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1084	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1085	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1086	!
1087	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1088	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1089	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1090	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1091	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) + &
1092	MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + &
1093	eps_min) THEN
1094	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1095	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1096	'greater than ',MAXVAL(hub_z(1:n_turbines)) &
1097	+ MAXVAL(rotor_radius(1:n_turbines)) + eps_min
1098	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1099	ENDIF
1100	!
1101	!-- Square of eps_min:
1102	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1103	!
1104	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1105	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1106	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1107	!
1108	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1109	!-- function:
1110	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1111
1112	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1113	tilt_angle = tilt_angle * pi / 180.0_wp
1114
1115	!
1116	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1117	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1118	yaw_angle(:) = yaw_angle(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1119	ENDIF
1120
1121
1122	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1123	!
1124	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1125	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1126
1127	!
1128	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1129	i_hub(inot) = INT( hub_x(inot) / dx )
1130	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1131	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1132
1133	!
1134	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1135	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1136	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1137	!-- function of eps_min:
1138	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1139	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1140	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1141
1142	ENDDO
1143
1144	!
1145	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1146	!-- rotor_speed for the respective processor.
1147	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1148
1149	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1150
1151	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1152
1153	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
1154
1155	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1156	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1157	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1158	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1159	ENDIF
1160
1161	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1162	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1163	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1164	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1165	ENDIF
1166
1167	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1168	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1169	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1170	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1171	ENDIF
1172
1173	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1174	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1175	generator_speed_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1176	rotor_speed_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1177	ENDIF
1178
1179	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1180	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1181
1182	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
1183
1184	ENDIF
1185	ENDIF
1186
1187	END DO
1188
1189	ENDIF
1190
1191	ENDIF
1192
1193	!
1194	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1195	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1196	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1197	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1198	!
1199	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1200	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1201
1202	!
1203	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1204	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1205	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1206
1207	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1208
1209	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1210
1211
1212	DO inot = 1, n_turbines ! loop over number of turbines
1213	!
1214	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1215	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1216	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1217	i = i_hub(inot)
1218
1219	!
1220	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1221	!-- grid point indices):
1222	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1223	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( hub_y(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1224	!
1225	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1226	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1227	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1228	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1229	!-- in grid box 1.
1230	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) - nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1231	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( hub_z(inot) + nacelle_radius(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1232
1233	!
1234	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1235	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1236	tower_n = ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1237	tower_s = ( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1238
1239	!
1240	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1241	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1242	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1243
1244	DO j = nys, nyn
1245	!
1246	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1247	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1248
1249	DO k = nzb, nzt
1250
1251	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1252	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1253	!
1254	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1255	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1256	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1257	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1258	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1259	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1260	tower_cd(inot)
1261	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1262	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1263	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1264	( ( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1265	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1266	tower_cd(inot)
1267	!
1268	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1269	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1270	ELSE
1271	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - &
1272	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1273	dy * tower_cd(inot)
1274	ENDIF
1275	!
1276	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1277	ELSE
1278	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( hub_z(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1279	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1280	tower_diameter(inot) * tower_cd(inot)
1281	ENDIF
1282	!
1283	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1284	!-- are carried out:
1285	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1286
1287	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1288	!
1289	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1290	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1291	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1292	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1293	( hub_y(inot) - 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) &
1294	) * tower_cd(inot)
1295	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1296	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1297	( hub_y(inot) + 0.5_wp * tower_diameter(inot) ) - &
1298	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1299	) * tower_cd(inot)
1300	!
1301	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1302	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1303	ELSE
1304	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1305	tower_cd(inot)
1306	ENDIF
1307	!
1308	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1309	ELSE
1310	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * tower_diameter(inot) * &
1311	tower_cd(inot)
1312	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1313
1314	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1315
1316	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1317
1318	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1319
1320	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1321
1322	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1323
1324
1325	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1326
1327	!
1328	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1329	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1330	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1331	!!
1332	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1333	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1334	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1335	!
1336	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1337	!
1338	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1339	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1340	! sqrt_arg = nacelle_radius(inot)2 - ( yvalue - hub_y(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1341	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1342	!!
1343	!!-- bottom intersection point
1344	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1345	!!
1346	!!-- top intersection point
1347	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = hub_z(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1348	! ELSE
1349	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1350	! ENDIF
1351	! ENDDO
1352	!
1353	!
1354	! DO j = nys, nyn
1355	!!
1356	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1357	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1358	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1359	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1360	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1361	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1362	!!
1363	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1364	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1365	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1366	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1367	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1368	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1369	!!
1370	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1371	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1372	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1373	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1374	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1375	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1376	! dz_int = dz
1377	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1378	!!
1379	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1380	!!-- within the current grid box:
1381	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1382	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1383	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1384	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1385	! ENDIF
1386	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1387	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1388	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1389	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1390	! ENDIF
1391	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1392	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1393	! ENDIF
1394	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1395	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1396	! ENDIF
1397	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1398	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1399	! dy_int * dz_int * nacelle_cd(inot)
1400	! ENDIF
1401	! ENDDO
1402	! ENDIF
1403	! ENDDO
1404	! ENDIF
1405	!
1406	! ENDDO
1407	!
1408	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1409
1410	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1411
1412	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1413	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1414
1415	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1416
1417	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1418
1419	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1420
1421
1422
1423	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_output
1424
1425
1426	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps !< number of timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1427	! INTEGER(iwp) :: ntimesteps_max = 80000 !< number of maximum timesteps defined in NetCDF output file
1428	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
1429
1430	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index
1431
1432	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ndim !< dummy to write dimension
1433
1434
1435	!
1436	!-- Create NetCDF output file
1437	#if defined( __netcdf4 )
1438	nc_filename = 'DATA_1D_TS_WTM_NETCDF' // TRIM( coupling_char )
1439	return_value = dom_def_file( nc_filename, 'netcdf4-serial' )
1440	#else
1441	message_string = 'Wind turbine model output requires NetCDF version 4. ' //&
1442	'No output file will be created.'
1443	CALL message( 'wtm_init_output', 'PA0672', &
1444	0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1445	#endif
1446	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
1447	!
1448	!-- Define dimensions in output file
1449	ALLOCATE( ndim(1:n_turbines) )
1450	DO n = 1, n_turbines
1451	ndim(n) = n
1452	ENDDO
1453	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1454	dimension_name = 'turbine', &
1455	output_type = 'int32', &
1456	bounds = (/1_iwp, n_turbines/), &
1457	values_int32 = ndim )
1458	DEALLOCATE( ndim )
1459
1460	return_value = dom_def_dim( nc_filename, &
1461	dimension_name = 'time', &
1462	output_type = 'real32', &
1463	bounds = (/1_iwp/), &
1464	values_realwp = (/0.0_wp/) )
1465
1466	variable_name = 'x'
1467	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1468	variable_name = variable_name, &
1469	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1470	output_type = 'real32' )
1471
1472	variable_name = 'y'
1473	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1474	variable_name = variable_name, &
1475	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1476	output_type = 'real32' )
1477
1478	variable_name = 'z'
1479	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1480	variable_name = variable_name, &
1481	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1482	output_type = 'real32' )
1483
1484
1485	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter'
1486	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1487	variable_name = variable_name, &
1488	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1489	output_type = 'real32' )
1490
1491	variable_name = 'tower_diameter'
1492	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1493	variable_name = variable_name, &
1494	dimension_names = (/'turbine'/), &
1495	output_type = 'real32' )
1496
1497	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1498	variable_name = 'time', &
1499	attribute_name = 'units', &
1500	value = 'seconds since ' // origin_date_time )
1501
1502	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1503	variable_name = 'x', &
1504	attribute_name = 'units', &
1505	value = 'm' )
1506
1507	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1508	variable_name = 'y', &
1509	attribute_name = 'units', &
1510	value = 'm' )
1511
1512	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1513	variable_name = 'z', &
1514	attribute_name = 'units', &
1515	value = 'm' )
1516
1517	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1518	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1519	attribute_name = 'units', &
1520	value = 'm' )
1521
1522	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1523	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1524	attribute_name = 'units', &
1525	value = 'm' )
1526
1527	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1528	variable_name = 'x', &
1529	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1530	value = 'x location of rotor center' )
1531
1532	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1533	variable_name = 'y', &
1534	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1535	value = 'y location of rotor center' )
1536
1537	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1538	variable_name = 'z', &
1539	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1540	value = 'z location of rotor center' )
1541
1542	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1543	variable_name = 'turbine_name', &
1544	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1545	value = 'turbine name')
1546
1547	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1548	variable_name = 'rotor_diameter', &
1549	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1550	value = 'rotor diameter')
1551
1552	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1553	variable_name = 'tower_diameter', &
1554	attribute_name = 'long_name', &
1555	value = 'tower diameter')
1556
1557	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1558	variable_name = 'time', &
1559	attribute_name = 'standard_name', &
1560	value = 'time')
1561
1562	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1563	variable_name = 'time', &
1564	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1565	value = 'T')
1566
1567	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1568	variable_name = 'x', &
1569	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1570	value = 'X' )
1571
1572	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1573	variable_name = 'y', &
1574	attribute_name = 'axis', &
1575	value = 'Y' )
1576
1577
1578	variable_name = 'generator_power'
1579	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1580	variable_name = variable_name, &
1581	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1582	output_type = 'real32' )
1583
1584	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1585	variable_name = variable_name, &
1586	attribute_name = 'units', &
1587	value = 'W' )
1588
1589	variable_name = 'generator_speed'
1590	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1591	variable_name = variable_name, &
1592	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1593	output_type = 'real32' )
1594
1595	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1596	variable_name = variable_name, &
1597	attribute_name = 'units', &
1598	value = 'rad/s' )
1599
1600	variable_name = 'generator_torque'
1601	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1602	variable_name = variable_name, &
1603	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1604	output_type = 'real32' )
1605
1606	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1607	variable_name = variable_name, &
1608	attribute_name = 'units', &
1609	value = 'Nm' )
1610
1611	variable_name = 'pitch_angle'
1612	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1613	variable_name = variable_name, &
1614	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1615	output_type = 'real32' )
1616
1617	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1618	variable_name = variable_name, &
1619	attribute_name = 'units', &
1620	value = 'degrees' )
1621
1622	variable_name = 'rotor_power'
1623	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1624	variable_name = variable_name, &
1625	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1626	output_type = 'real32' )
1627
1628	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1629	variable_name = variable_name, &
1630	attribute_name = 'units', &
1631	value = 'W' )
1632
1633	variable_name = 'rotor_speed'
1634	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1635	variable_name = variable_name, &
1636	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1637	output_type = 'real32' )
1638
1639	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1640	variable_name = variable_name, &
1641	attribute_name = 'units', &
1642	value = 'rad/s' )
1643
1644	variable_name = 'rotor_thrust'
1645	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1646	variable_name = variable_name, &
1647	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1648	output_type = 'real32' )
1649
1650	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1651	variable_name = variable_name, &
1652	attribute_name = 'units', &
1653	value = 'N' )
1654
1655	variable_name = 'rotor_torque'
1656	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1657	variable_name = variable_name, &
1658	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1659	output_type = 'real32' )
1660
1661	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1662	variable_name = variable_name, &
1663	attribute_name = 'units', &
1664	value = 'Nm' )
1665
1666	variable_name = 'wind_direction'
1667	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1668	variable_name = variable_name, &
1669	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1670	output_type = 'real32' )
1671
1672	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1673	variable_name = variable_name, &
1674	attribute_name = 'units', &
1675	value = 'degrees' )
1676
1677	variable_name = 'yaw_angle'
1678	return_value = dom_def_var( nc_filename, &
1679	variable_name = variable_name, &
1680	dimension_names = (/ 'turbine', 'time ' /), &
1681	output_type = 'real32' )
1682
1683	return_value = dom_def_att( nc_filename, &
1684	variable_name = variable_name, &
1685	attribute_name = 'units', &
1686	value = 'degrees' )
1687
1688	ENDIF
1689	END SUBROUTINE
1690
1691	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1692	! Description:
1693	! ------------
1694	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1695	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1696	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1697	!
1698	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1699
1700
1701	IMPLICIT NONE
1702
1703	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1704	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1705
1706	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1707
1708	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1709
1710	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1711	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1712	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1713	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1714	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1715	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1716	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1717	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1718	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1719	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1720
1721	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1722	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1723	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1724
1725	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1726	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1727
1728	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1729	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1730	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1731	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1732	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1733
1734	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1735	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1736	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1737	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1738	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1739
1740	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*n_airfoils+1) )
1741
1742	!
1743	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1744	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1745
1746	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1747
1748	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1749	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1750	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1751	ENDIF
1752	!
1753	!-- Read distribution table:
1754
1755	dlen = 0
1756
1757	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1758
1759	rloop3: DO
1760	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1761	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1762	dlen = dlen + 1
1763	ENDDO rloop3
1764
1765	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1766
1767	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1768	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1769	ENDDO
1770
1771	DO jj = 1,dlen
1772	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1773	ENDDO
1774
1775	!
1776	!-- Read layout table:
1777
1778	dlen = 0
1779
1780	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1781
1782	rloop1: DO
1783	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1784	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1785	dlen = dlen + 1
1786	ENDDO rloop1
1787
1788	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1789	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1790	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1791	ENDDO
1792	DO jj = 1, dlen
1793	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1794	ENDDO
1795
1796	!
1797	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1798
1799	dlen = 0
1800
1801	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1802
1803	rloop2: DO
1804	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1805	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1806	dlen = dlen + 1
1807	ENDDO rloop2
1808
1809	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils), &
1810	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:n_airfoils) )
1811
1812	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1813	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1814	ENDDO
1815
1816	DO jj = 1,dlen
1817	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1818	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1819	DO ii= 1, n_airfoils
1820	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1821	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1822	ENDDO
1823
1824	ENDDO
1825
1826	dlenbl = dlen
1827
1828	CLOSE ( 90 )
1829
1830	!
1831	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rotor_radius(1)=63m)
1832	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1833	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1834	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1835	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1836
1837	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1838	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1839	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1840	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1841
1842	radres = INT( rotor_radius(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1843	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1844
1845	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1846	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1847
1848	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1849
1850	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1851	!
1852	!-- Find position in table 1
1853	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1854	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1855
1856	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1857	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1858	ENDIF
1859
1860	trow = lct(1)
1861	!
1862	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1863	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1864	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1865	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1866	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1867
1868	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1869	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1870	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1871	ENDIF
1872
1873	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1874	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1875	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1876	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1877	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1878
1879	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1880	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1881	! explicitly
1882	ELSE
1883	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1884	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1885	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1886	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1887	!
1888	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1889	!-- explicitly
1890	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1891	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1892	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1893	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1894	ENDIF
1895
1896	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1897
1898	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1899	ialpha = 1
1900
1901	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
1902	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1903	ENDDO
1904
1905	!
1906	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1907	!-- segments and angles of attack
1908
1909	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1910	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1911	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1912	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1913	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1914	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1915	( alpha_attack_i - &
1916	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1917	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1918	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1919	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1920	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1921	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1922	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1923	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1924	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1925	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1926	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1927	( alpha_attack_i - &
1928	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1929	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1930	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1931	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1932	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1933
1934	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1935
1936	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1937
1938
1939	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1940
1941
1942	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1943	! Description:
1944	! ------------
1945	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1946	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1947	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1948	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1949
1950
1951	IMPLICIT NONE
1952
1953	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1954	!
1955	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1956	!-- the rotors
1957	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1958	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1959	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1960
1961	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1962	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1963	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1964
1965	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1966	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( yaw_angle(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1967	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1968
1969	!
1970	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1971	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1972
1973	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1974	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1975	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1976	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1977	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1978	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1979	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1980	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1981	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1982	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1983	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1984	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1985	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1986	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1987	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1988	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1989	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1990	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) - &
1991	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1992	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1993	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + &
1994	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt_angle )
1995	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1996	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt_angle ) ) + COS( tilt_angle )
1997
1998	!
1999	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
2000	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
2001	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
2002	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
2003	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
2004
2005	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
2006
2007
2008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2009	! Description:
2010	! ------------
2011	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
2012	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2013	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2014
2015
2016	IMPLICIT NONE
2017
2018
2019	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
2020	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
2021	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
2022	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
2023	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
2024	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
2025
2026	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
2027	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
2028	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
2029
2030	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
2031	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
2032
2033	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
2034
2035
2036	!
2037	! Variables for pitch control
2038	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2039
2040	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
2041	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
2042
2043	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
2044
2045
2046	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
2047
2048
2049	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2050
2051	!
2052	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
2053	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2054	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2055	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2056	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
2057	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2058	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2059	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
2060	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
2061	!
2062	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2063	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2064
2065	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2066	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2067	!
2068	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2069
2070	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
2071	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
2072	!$OMP DO
2073	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2074
2075	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
2076	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
2077	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
2078	!
2079	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2080	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2081
2082	!
2083	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2084	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2085	!
2086	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2087	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
2088	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2089	!
2090	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2091	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2092	!-- with y-axis):
2093	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2094	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
2095	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
2096
2097	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2098	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2099	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2100	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2101	re(3) = sin_rot
2102
2103	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2104	!
2105	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2106	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2107	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2108	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2109
2110	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2111	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
2112	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
2113	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
2114	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2115
2116	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2117	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2118
2119	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2120	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2121
2122	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2123	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2124
2125	!
2126	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
2127
2128	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
2129	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2130	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2131	!
2132	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2133	!-- the current PE:
2134	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2135	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2136
2137	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2138	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2139	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2140	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2141	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2142	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2143	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
2144	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2145	gg = dx * dy
2146
2147	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
2148	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2149	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2150	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2151	) / gg
2152
2153	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2154	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2155	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2156	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2157	) / gg
2158
2159	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
2160	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2161	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
2162
2163	ELSE
2164	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2165	ENDIF
2166	ELSE
2167	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2168	ENDIF
2169
2170
2171	!
2172	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
2173	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2174	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
2175	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
2176	!
2177	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2178	!-- the current PE:
2179	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2180	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2181
2182	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2183	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2184	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2185	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2186	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2187	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2188	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2189	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
2190	gg = dx * dy
2191
2192	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
2193	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2194	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2195	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2196	) / gg
2197
2198	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2199	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2200	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2201	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2202	) / gg
2203
2204	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
2205	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2206	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
2207
2208	ELSE
2209	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2210	ENDIF
2211	ELSE
2212	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2213	ENDIF
2214
2215
2216	!
2217	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
2218	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
2219	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
2220	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
2221	!
2222	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
2223	!-- the current PE:
2224	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
2225	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
2226
2227	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2228	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2229	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2230	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
2231	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
2232	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2233	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
2234	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
2235	gg = dx * dy
2236
2237	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
2238	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
2239	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
2240	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
2241	) / gg
2242
2243	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
2244	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
2245	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
2246	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
2247	) / gg
2248
2249	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
2250	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
2251	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
2252	ELSE
2253	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2254	ENDIF
2255	ELSE
2256	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
2257	ENDIF
2258
2259	ENDDO
2260	ENDDO
2261	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2262
2263	ENDDO
2264
2265	!
2266	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
2267	#if defined( __parallel )
2268	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2269	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2270	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2271	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2272	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, n_turbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
2273	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2274	#else
2275	u_int = u_int_1_l
2276	v_int = v_int_1_l
2277	w_int = w_int_1_l
2278	#endif
2279
2280
2281	!
2282	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2283
2284	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2285	pit_loop: DO
2286
2287	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
2288	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
2289	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
2290	pitch_angle(inot) = pitch_angle(inot) + 0.25_wp
2291	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_angle(inot)
2292	ELSE
2293	cos_yaw = COS(yaw_angle(inot))
2294	sin_yaw = SIN(yaw_angle(inot))
2295	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2296	pitch_angle(inot) = MAX(pitch_angle_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
2297	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
2298	ENDIF
2299	ENDIF
2300
2301	!
2302	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
2303	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
2304	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
2305	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
2306	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
2307	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
2308	!$OMP DO
2309	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2310	!
2311	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
2312	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
2313	!
2314	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
2315	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2316	!
2317	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
2318	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
2319	!-- with y-axis):
2320	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
2321	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
2322	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
2323	!
2324	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
2325	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
2326	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
2327	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2328	re(3) = sin_rot
2329
2330	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2331	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2332	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2333	rea(3) = cos_rot
2334
2335	!
2336	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2337	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2338	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2339	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2340	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2341	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2342	!
2343	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2344	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2345	!-- tilt:
2346	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2347	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2348	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2349	!
2350	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2351	rbx(ring,rseg) = hub_x(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2352
2353	rby(ring,rseg) = hub_y(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2354
2355	rbz(ring,rseg) = hub_z(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2356
2357	!
2358	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2359	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2360	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2361	!
2362	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2363	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2364	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2365	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2366	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2367	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2368	!
2369	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2370	!
2371	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2372	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2373	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2374	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2375	!
2376	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2377	!-- direction:
2378	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2379	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2380	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2381	!
2382	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2383	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2384
2385	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN2( u_rot , &
2386	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2387	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2388
2389	!
2390	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2391	!-- to the current radial position:
2392
2393	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2394	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2395
2396	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2397	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2398	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2399	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2400	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2401	ELSE
2402	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2403	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2404	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2405	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2406	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2407	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2408	ENDIF
2409
2410	!
2411	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2412	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2413	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2414	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2415	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2416	!
2417	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2418	!-- angle of attack:
2419	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2420	!
2421	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2422	!-- to angles given in degree:
2423	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2424	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2425	!
2426	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2427	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_angle(inot)
2428
2429	!
2430	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2431	!-- to the rotor:
2432	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2433	( rotor_speed(inot) * cur_r - &
2434	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2435
2436	!
2437	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2438	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2439	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2440	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2441
2442	!
2443	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2444	!-- the current radial position:
2445
2446	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2447	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2448	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2449	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2450	ELSE
2451	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2452	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2453	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2454	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2455	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2456	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2457	ENDIF
2458
2459	!
2460	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2461	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2462	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2463	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2464	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2465	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2466	!
2467	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2468	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2469	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2470	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2471	!
2472	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2473	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2474	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2475	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2476
2477	!
2478	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2479	!-- angles given in radian:
2480	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2481	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2482
2483	IF ( tip_loss_correction ) THEN
2484	!
2485	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2486	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2487	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2488	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2489	!--
2490	IF ( phi_rel(rseg) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
2491	tl_factor = 1.0_wp
2492	ELSE
2493	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2494	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rotor_radius(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2495	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2496	ENDIF
2497
2498	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2499
2500	ENDIF
2501	!
2502	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2503	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2504	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2505
2506	!
2507	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2508
2509	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2510	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2511
2512	!
2513	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2514	!-- for each ring segment:
2515	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2516	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2517	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2518
2519	!
2520	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2521	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2522	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2523	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2524	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2525	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2526	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2527	!
2528	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2529	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2530	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2531
2532	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2533	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2534
2535	!
2536	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2537	!$OMP CRITICAL
2538	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2539	thrust_seg(rseg)
2540
2541
2542	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2543	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2544
2545	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2546
2547	!
2548	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2549	!-- each ring:
2550	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2551	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2552	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2553
2554
2555	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2556	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2557
2558
2559	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2560
2561
2562	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2563	!
2564	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2565
2566	!
2567	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2568	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2569	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2570	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_density * gear_efficiency - &
2571	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2572	( rotor_inertia + &
2573	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * generator_inertia ) * dt_3d
2574
2575	!
2576	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2577	!-- and rotor speed
2578	generator_speed(inot) = gear_ratio * ( rotor_speed(inot) + om_rate )
2579
2580	ENDIF
2581
2582	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2583
2584	!
2585	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2586	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2587	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2588	!-- gain
2589	IF ( ( generator_speed(inot) > generator_speed_rated ) .AND. &
2590	( pitch_angle(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2591	( pitch_angle(inot) < pitch_angle_old(inot) + &
2592	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2593	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2594	!
2595	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2596	CYCLE pit_loop
2597	ENDIF
2598
2599	!
2600	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2601	pitch_angle_old(inot) = pitch_angle(inot)
2602	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2603	ENDIF
2604	EXIT pit_loop
2605	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2606
2607
2608	!
2609	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2610
2611	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2612	!
2613	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2614	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2615	THEN
2616	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2617	THEN
2618	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2619	ENDIF
2620	ENDIF
2621
2622	ENDIF
2623
2624
2625	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2626
2627	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2628
2629
2630	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2631	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2632	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2633	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2634	!
2635	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2636	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2637	!
2638	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2639	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2640	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2641	!-- consideration
2642	!
2643	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2644	!-- of the model domain:
2645	!
2646	!--
2647	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2648	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2649	eps_min ) / dx )
2650	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rotor_radius(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2651	eps_min ) / dy )
2652
2653	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2654	!$OMP DO
2655	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2656	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2657	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2658	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2659	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2660	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2661	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2662	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2663	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2664	!
2665	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2666	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2667
2668	!
2669	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2670	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2671	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2672	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2673	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2674	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2675	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2676	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2677	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2678	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2679	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2680
2681	!
2682	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2683	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2684	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2685	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2686	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2687	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2688	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2689	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2690	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2691	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2692	flag
2693	ENDIF
2694	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2695	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2696	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2697	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2698	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2699	flag
2700	ENDIF
2701	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2702	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2703	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2704	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2705	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2706	flag
2707	ENDIF
2708
2709	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2710	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2711
2712	!
2713	!-- Rotation of force components:
2714	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2715	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2716	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2717	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2718	) * flag
2719
2720	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2721	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2722	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2723	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2724	) * flag
2725
2726	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2727	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2728	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2729	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2730	) * flag
2731
2732	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2733	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2734	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2735	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2736
2737	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2738
2739	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2740
2741
2742	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2743	!
2744	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2745	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2746	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2747	WDLON = MAX( 1 , NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 30s running mean array
2748	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:n_turbines,1:WDLON) )
2749	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2750	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2751
2752	WDSHO = MAX( 1 , NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ) ! 2s running mean array
2753	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:n_turbines,1:WDSHO) )
2754	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2755	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2756	start_up = .FALSE.
2757	ENDIF
2758
2759	!
2760	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2761	!--
2762	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2763	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2764	!
2765	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2766	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2767	THEN
2768	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2769	THEN
2770
2771	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2772
2773	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2774	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2775	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2776	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2777	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2778
2779	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2780
2781	yaw_angle_l(inot) = yaw_angle(inot)
2782
2783	ENDIF
2784	ENDIF
2785
2786	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2787
2788	!
2789	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2790	#if defined( __parallel )
2791	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2792	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2793	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2794	comm2d, ierr )
2795	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( yaw_angle_l, yaw_angle, n_turbines, MPI_REAL, &
2796	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2797	#else
2798	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2799	wdir = wdir_l
2800	yaw_angle = yaw_angle_l
2801
2802	#endif
2803	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
2804	!
2805	!-- Update rotor orientation
2806	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2807
2808	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2809
2810	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2811
2812	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2813	!
2814	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2815	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed, generator_speed_old, n_turbines, &
2816	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2817	#if defined( __parallel )
2818	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, n_turbines, &
2819	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2820	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( rotor_speed_l, rotor_speed, n_turbines, &
2821	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2822	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( generator_speed_f, generator_speed_f_old, n_turbines, &
2823	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2824	#else
2825	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2826	rotor_speed = rotor_speed_l
2827	generator_speed_f_old = generator_speed_f
2828	#endif
2829
2830	ENDIF
2831
2832	ENDIF
2833
2834	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2835
2836
2837	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2838
2839
2840	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2841	! Description:
2842	! ------------
2843	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2844	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2845	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2846
2847	USE kinds
2848
2849	IMPLICIT NONE
2850
2851	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2852	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2853	REAL(wp) :: missal
2854
2855	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2856
2857	!
2858	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2859	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2860	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2861	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2862	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2863	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2864	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2865	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2866	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2867	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2868	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2869	!
2870	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2871	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2872	!
2873	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2874	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2875	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2876	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2877	!
2878	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2879	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2880
2881	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - yaw_angle(inot)
2882	!
2883	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than yaw_misalignment_max
2884	IF ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_max ) THEN
2885	!
2886	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2887	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2888	!
2889	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2890	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2891	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2892	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2893	ENDIF
2894	ENDIF
2895
2896	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2897
2898	!
2899	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2900	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2901	!-- than yaw_misalignment_min
2902
2903	ELSE
2904	!
2905	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2906	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2907	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2908	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2909	!
2910	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2911	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2912	!
2913	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2914	missal = SUM( wd2_l - yaw_angle(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2915	!
2916	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2917	!-- yaw direction is still right
2918	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > yaw_misalignment_min ) .AND. &
2919	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2920	!
2921	!-- Continue yawing
2922	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2923	ELSE
2924	!
2925	!-- Stop yawing
2926	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2927	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2928	ENDIF
2929	ELSE
2930	!
2931	!-- Continue yawing
2932	yaw_angle(inot) = yaw_angle(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2933	ENDIF
2934
2935	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2936
2937	ENDIF
2938
2939	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2940
2941
2942	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2943	! Description:
2944	! ------------
2945	!> Initialization of the speed control
2946	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2947	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2948
2949
2950	IMPLICIT NONE
2951
2952	!
2953	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2954	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2955	!
2956	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2957	slope15 = ( region_2_slope * region_2_min * region_2_min ) / &
2958	( region_2_min - region_15_min )
2959	!
2960	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2961	vs_sysp = generator_speed_rated / 1.1_wp
2962	!
2963	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2964	region_25_slope = ( generator_power_rated / generator_speed_rated ) / &
2965	( generator_speed_rated - vs_sysp )
2966	!
2967	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2968	region_25_min = ( region_25_slope - SQRT( region_25_slope * &
2969	( region_25_slope - 4.0_wp * region_2_slope * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2970	( 2.0_wp * region_2_slope )
2971	!
2972	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2973	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2974	!
2975	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2976	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2977	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2978	torque_gen_old(:) = generator_torque_max
2979	ENDIF
2980
2981	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2982
2983
2984	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2985	! Description:
2986	! ------------
2987	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2988	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2989	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2990
2991
2992	IMPLICIT NONE
2993
2994	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2995
2996
2997	!
2998	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2999	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
3000	!-- offshore system developement"
3001
3002	!
3003	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
3004	!-- for the control of the generator torque
3005	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
3006	generator_speed_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * generator_speed(inot) + lp_coeff *&
3007	generator_speed_f_old(inot)
3008
3009	IF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_15_min ) THEN
3010	!
3011	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
3012	torque_gen(inot) = 0
3013
3014	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_2_min ) THEN
3015	!
3016	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
3017	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - region_15_min )
3018
3019	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) <= region_25_min ) THEN
3020	!
3021	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
3022	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
3023	torque_gen(inot) = region_2_slope * generator_speed_f(inot) * generator_speed_f(inot)
3024
3025	ELSEIF ( generator_speed_f(inot) < generator_speed_rated ) THEN
3026	!
3027	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
3028	torque_gen(inot) = region_25_slope * ( generator_speed_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
3029
3030	ELSE
3031	!
3032	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
3033	!-- keep the power constant:
3034	torque_gen(inot) = generator_power_rated / generator_speed_f(inot)
3035
3036	ENDIF
3037	!
3038	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
3039	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
3040	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * generator_torque_rate_max ), &
3041	generator_torque_rate_max )
3042	!
3043	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
3044	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
3045	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), generator_torque_max )
3046	!
3047	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
3048	rotor_speed_l(inot) = generator_speed(inot) / gear_ratio
3049
3050
3051	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
3052
3053
3054	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3055	! Description:
3056	! ------------
3057	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3058	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3059	!> Call for all grid points
3060	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3061	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
3062
3063
3064	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3065
3066	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3067	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3068	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3069
3070
3071	SELECT CASE ( location )
3072
3073	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3074
3075	CALL wtm_forces
3076
3077	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3078	!
3079	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3080	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3081	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3082	DO j = nysg, nyng
3083	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3084	!
3085	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3086	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3087	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3088	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3089	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3090
3091	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3092	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3093	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3094	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3095	ENDDO
3096	ENDDO
3097	ENDDO
3098	ENDIF
3099
3100	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3101	!
3102	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3103	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3104	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3105	DO j = nysg, nyng
3106	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3107	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3108	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3109	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3110	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3111	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3112	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3113	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3114	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3115	ENDDO
3116	ENDDO
3117	ENDDO
3118	ENDIF
3119
3120	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3121	!
3122	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3123	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3124	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3125	DO j = nysg, nyng
3126	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3127	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3128	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3129	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3130	ENDDO
3131	ENDDO
3132	ENDDO
3133	ENDIF
3134
3135
3136	CASE DEFAULT
3137	CONTINUE
3138
3139	END SELECT
3140
3141
3142	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
3143
3144
3145	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3146	! Description:
3147	! ------------
3148	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
3149	!> flow components (tendency terms)
3150	!> Call for grid point i,j
3151	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3152	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
3153
3154
3155	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
3156	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3157	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3158	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3159
3160	SELECT CASE ( location )
3161
3162	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
3163
3164	CALL wtm_forces
3165
3166	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
3167	!
3168	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
3169	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3170	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3171	!
3172	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
3173	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3174	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3175	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3176	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
3177	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
3178	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
3179	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3180	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
3181	ENDDO
3182	ENDIF
3183
3184	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
3185	!
3186	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
3187	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3188	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3189	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3190	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3191	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
3192	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
3193	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
3194	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
3195	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3196	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
3197	ENDDO
3198	ENDIF
3199
3200	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
3201	!
3202	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
3203	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
3204	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
3205	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
3206	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
3207	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
3208	ENDDO
3209	ENDIF
3210
3211
3212	CASE DEFAULT
3213	CONTINUE
3214
3215	END SELECT
3216
3217
3218	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
3219
3220
3221	SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3222
3223
3224	INTEGER(iwp) :: t_ind = 0 !< time index
3225
3226	INTEGER(iwp) :: return_value !< returned status value of called function
3227
3228	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
3229
3230	!
3231	!-- At the first call of this routine write the spatial coordinates.
3232	IF ( .NOT. initial_write_coordinates ) THEN
3233	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3234	output_values_1d_target = hub_x(1:n_turbines)
3235	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3236	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3237	'x', &
3238	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3239	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3240	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3241
3242	output_values_1d_target = hub_y(1:n_turbines)
3243	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3244	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3245	'y', &
3246	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3247	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3248	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3249
3250	output_values_1d_target = hub_z(1:n_turbines)
3251	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3252	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3253	'z', &
3254	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3255	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3256	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3257
3258	output_values_1d_target = rotor_radius(1:n_turbines) * 2.0_wp
3259	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3260	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3261	'rotor_diameter', &
3262	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3263	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3264	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3265
3266	output_values_1d_target = tower_diameter(1:n_turbines)
3267	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3268	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3269	'tower_diameter', &
3270	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3271	bounds_start = (/1/), &
3272	bounds_end = (/n_turbines/) )
3273
3274	initial_write_coordinates = .TRUE.
3275	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3276	ENDIF
3277
3278	t_ind = t_ind + 1
3279
3280	ALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target(1:n_turbines) )
3281	output_values_1d_target = rotor_speed(:)
3282	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3283
3284	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3285	'rotor_speed', &
3286	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3287	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3288	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3289
3290	output_values_1d_target = generator_speed(:)
3291	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3292	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3293	'generator_speed', &
3294	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3295	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3296	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3297
3298	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)
3299	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3300
3301	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3302	'generator_torque', &
3303	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3304	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3305	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3306
3307	output_values_1d_target = torque_total(:)
3308	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3309
3310	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3311	'rotor_torque', &
3312	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3313	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3314	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3315
3316	output_values_1d_target = pitch_angle(:)
3317	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3318
3319	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3320	'pitch_angle', &
3321	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3322	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3323	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3324
3325	output_values_1d_target = torque_gen_old(:)generator_speed(:)generator_efficiency
3326	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3327
3328	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3329	'generator_power', &
3330	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3331	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3332	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3333
3334	DO inot = 1, n_turbines
3335	output_values_1d_target(inot) = torque_total(inot)rotor_speed(inot)air_density
3336	ENDDO
3337	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3338
3339	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3340	'rotor_power', &
3341	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3342	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3343	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3344
3345	output_values_1d_target = thrust_rotor(:)
3346	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3347
3348	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3349	'rotor_thrust', &
3350	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3351	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3352	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3353
3354	output_values_1d_target = wdir(:)*180.0_wp/pi
3355	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3356
3357	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3358	'wind_direction', &
3359	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3360	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3361	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3362
3363	output_values_1d_target = (yaw_angle(:))*180.0_wp/pi
3364	output_values_1d_pointer => output_values_1d_target
3365
3366	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3367	'yaw_angle', &
3368	values_realwp_1d = output_values_1d_pointer, &
3369	bounds_start = (/1, t_ind/), &
3370	bounds_end = (/n_turbines, t_ind /) )
3371
3372	output_values_0d_target = time_since_reference_point
3373	output_values_0d_pointer => output_values_0d_target
3374
3375	return_value = dom_write_var( nc_filename, &
3376	'time', &
3377	values_realwp_0d = output_values_0d_pointer, &
3378	bounds_start = (/t_ind/), &
3379	bounds_end = (/t_ind/) )
3380
3381	DEALLOCATE ( output_values_1d_target )
3382
3383	ENDIF
3384
3385	END SUBROUTINE wtm_data_output
3386
3387	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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