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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4360

Last change on this file since 4360 was 4360, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Bugfix in output of time-averaged plant-canopy quanities; Output of plant-canopy data only where tall canopy is defined; land-surface model: fix wrong location strings; tests: update urban test case; all source code files: copyright update
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 118.7 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring $
28	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
29	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
30	!
31	! 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas
32	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
33	! greater than dlen
34	!
35	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
36	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
37	!
38	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
39	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
40	! torque and power values
41	!
42	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
43	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
44	!
45	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
46	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
47	!
48	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
49	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
50	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
51	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
52	!
53	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
54	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
55	! of additional debug messages
56	!
57	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
58	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
59	!
60	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
61	! instrumented with openmp directives
62	!
63	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
64	! unused variables removed
65	!
66	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
67	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
68	!
69	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
70	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
71	!
72	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
73	! Initial revision
74	!
75	!
76	! Description:
77	! ------------
78	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
79	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
80	!> (ADM-R).
81	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
82	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
83	!> yaw.
84	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
85	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
86	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
87	!> automatically).
88	!>
89	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
90	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
91	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
92	!> @todo Generate header information
93	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
94	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
95	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
96	!> @todo Include additional output variables
97	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
98	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
99	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
100	!
101	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
102	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
103
104	USE arrays_3d, &
105	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
106
107	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
108	ONLY: pi
109
110	USE control_parameters, &
111	ONLY: coupling_char, &
112	debug_output, &
113	dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
114	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
115
116	USE cpulog, &
117	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
118
119	USE grid_variables, &
120	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
121
122	USE indices, &
123	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
124	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_total_0
125
126	USE kinds
127
128	USE pegrid
129
130
131	IMPLICIT NONE
132
133	PRIVATE
134
135	!
136	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
137
138	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
139	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
140
141	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
142	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
143	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
144	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
145
146	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
147	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
148	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
149	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
150	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
151	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
152
153	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
154	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
155	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
156	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
157	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
158	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
159	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
160	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
161	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
162	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
163	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
164
165	!
166	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
167	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
168
169	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
170	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
171	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
172	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
173	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
174	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
175	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
176	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
177	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
178	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
179	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
180	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
181	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
182	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
183
184
185	!
186	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
187
188	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
189	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
190	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
191
192	!
193	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
194	TYPE file_status
195	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
196	END TYPE file_status
197
198	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
199	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
200
201	!
202	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
203
204	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
205	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
206	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
207	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
208	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
209
210	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
211
212	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
213	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
214	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
215	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
216	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
217	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
218	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
219	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
220
221	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
222
223	!
224	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
225	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
226	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
227	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
228	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
229	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
230	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
231
232	!
233	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
238
239	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
240	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
241
242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
244
245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
247
248	!
249	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
250
251	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
252	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
253	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
254	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
255	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
256	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
257	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
258	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
259	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
260	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
261	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
262	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
263	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
264	!
265	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
266	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
267	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
268	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
269	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
270	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
271
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
281
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
284
285	!
286	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
293
294	!
295	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
299
300	!
301	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
305
306	!
307	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
311
312	!
313	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
317	!
318	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
320
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
330
331	!
332	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
333
334	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
335
336	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
337	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
338	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
339	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
340	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
341	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
342	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
343	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
344
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
346
347	!
348	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
349
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
360	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
361	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
362	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
363
364	!
365	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
373
374
375	SAVE
376
377
378	INTERFACE wtm_parin
379	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
380	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
381
382	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
383	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
384	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
385
386	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
387	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
388	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
389
390	INTERFACE wtm_init
391	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
392	END INTERFACE wtm_init
393
394	INTERFACE wtm_actions
395	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
396	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
397	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
398
399	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
400	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
401	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
402
403	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
404	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
405	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
406
407
408	PUBLIC &
409	wtm_parin, &
410	wtm_check_parameters, &
411	wtm_init_arrays, &
412	wtm_init, &
413	wtm_actions, &
414	wtm_rrd_global, &
415	wtm_wrd_global
416
417
418	CONTAINS
419
420
421	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
422	! Description:
423	! ------------
424	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
425	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
426	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
427
428
429	IMPLICIT NONE
430
431	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
432
433	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
434	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
435	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
436	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
437	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
438	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
439	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
440	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
441	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
442	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
443	! , turb_cd_nacelle
444
445	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
446	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
447	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
448	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
449	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
450	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
451	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
452	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
453	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
454	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
455	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
456	! , turb_cd_nacelle
457	!
458	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
459	REWIND ( 11 )
460	line = ' '
461	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
462	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
463	ENDDO
464	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
465
466	!
467	!-- Read user-defined namelist
468	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
469	!
470	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
471	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
472
473	GOTO 14
474
475	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
476	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
477	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
478
479	!
480	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
481	12 REWIND ( 11 )
482	line = ' '
483	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
484	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
485	ENDDO
486	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
487
488	!
489	!-- Read user-defined namelist
490	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
491
492	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
493	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
494	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
495	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
496
497	!
498	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
499	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
500
501	GOTO 14
502
503	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
504	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
505	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
506
507	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
508
509
510	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
511
512
513	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
514	! Description:
515	! ------------
516	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
518	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
519
520
521	IMPLICIT NONE
522
523
524	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
525	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
526
527	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
528	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
529
530	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
531	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
532
533	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
534	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
535
536	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
537	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
538
539	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
540	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
541
542	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
543	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
544
545	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
546	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
547
548	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
549	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
550
551	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
552	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
553
554
555	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
556
557
558	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
559	! Description:
560	! ------------
561	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
563	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
564
565
566	USE control_parameters, &
567	ONLY: length, restart_string
568
569
570	IMPLICIT NONE
571
572	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
573
574
575	found = .TRUE.
576
577
578	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
579
580	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
581	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
582	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
583	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
584	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
585	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
586	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
587	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
588	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
589	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
590	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
591	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
592	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
593	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
594	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
595	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
596	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
597	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
598	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
599	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
600
601	CASE DEFAULT
602
603	found = .FALSE.
604
605	END SELECT
606
607
608	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
609
610
611	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
612	! Description:
613	! ------------
614	!> Check namelist parameter
615	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
616	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
617
618
619	IMPLICIT NONE
620
621	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
622	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
623	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
624	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
625	ENDIF
626
627	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
628	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
629	'a value equal or larger than zero'
630	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
631	ENDIF
632
633
634	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
635	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
636	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
637
638	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
639	'have to be given for each turbine.'
640	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
641
642	ENDIF
643
644
645	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
646
647
648	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
649	! Description:
650	! ------------
651	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
652	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
653	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
654
655
656	IMPLICIT NONE
657
658	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
659	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
660
661	!
662	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
663	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
664
665	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
666	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
667
668	nrings(:) = 0
669	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
670
671	!
672	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
673	delta_r_factor = segment_width
674	delta_t_factor = segment_length
675	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
676
677	DO inot = 1, nturbines
678	!
679	!-- Determine number of rings:
680	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
681
682	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
683
684	ENDDO
685
686	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
687
688	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
689	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
690
691	nsegs(:,:) = 0
692	nsegs_total(:) = 0
693
694
695	DO inot = 1, nturbines
696	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
697	!
698	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
699	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
700	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
701	delta_t_factor ) )
702	ENDDO
703	!
704	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
705	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
706
707	ENDDO
708
709	!
710	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
711	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
712
713	!!
714	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
715	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
716	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
717	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
718	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
719	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
720	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
721	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
722	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
723	! ENDIF
724
725
726	!
727	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
728	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
729	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
730	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
731	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
732	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
733	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
734	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
735	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
736
737	!
738	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
739	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
740	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
741	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
742	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
743	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
744	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
745
746	!
747	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
748	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
749	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
750	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
751	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
752	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
753	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
754	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
755	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
756	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
757	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
758
759	!
760	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
761	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
762	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
763	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
764	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
765	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
766	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
767
768	!
769	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
770	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
771	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
772	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
773
774	!
775	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
776	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
777	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
778	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
779	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
780	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
781	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
782	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
783	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
784
785	!
786	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
787	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
788	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
789	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
790	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
791	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
792	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
793
794	!
795	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
796	i_hub(:) = 0
797	i_smear(:) = 0
798	j_hub(:) = 0
799	j_smear(:) = 0
800	k_hub(:) = 0
801	k_smear(:) = 0
802
803	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
804	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
805
806	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
807	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
808	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
809	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
810	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
811	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
812	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
813	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
814	ENDIF
815
816	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
817	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
818	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
819	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
820	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
821	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
822
823	!
824	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
825	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
826	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
827	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
828	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
829	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
830	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
831	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
832	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
833	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
834	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
835
836	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
837	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
838	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
839	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
840	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
841	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
842
843	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
844	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
845	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
846
847	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
848	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
849	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
850	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
851	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
852	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
853	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
854	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
855
856	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
857	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
858	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
859	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
860	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
861	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
862
863
864	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
865
866
867	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
868	! Description:
869	! ------------
870	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
871	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
872	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
873
874
875	USE control_parameters, &
876	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
877
878	IMPLICIT NONE
879
880	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
881	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
882	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
883
884	!
885	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
886	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
887
888	!
889	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
890	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
891	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
892
893	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
894
895	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
896	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
897	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
898	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
899
900	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
901
902	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
903	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
904	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
905	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
906
907	!
908	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
909	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
910	!-- (smearing of the forces)
911	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
912	!
913	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
914	!-- be calculated:
915
916	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
917	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
918	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
919	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
920	!
921	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
922	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
923	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
924	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
925	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
926	!
927	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
928	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
929	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
930	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
931	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
932	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
933	eps_min) THEN
934	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
935	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
936	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
937	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
938	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
939	ENDIF
940	!
941	!-- Square of eps_min:
942	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
943	!
944	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
945	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
946	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
947	!
948	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
949	!-- function:
950	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
951
952	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
953	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
954
955	!
956	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
957	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
958	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
959	ENDIF
960
961
962	DO inot = 1, nturbines
963	!
964	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
965	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
966
967	!
968	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
969	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
970	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
971	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
972
973	!
974	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
975	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
976	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
977	!-- function of eps_min:
978	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
979	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
980	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
981
982	ENDDO
983
984	!
985	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
986	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
987	IF ( speed_control) THEN
988
989	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
990
991	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
992
993	DO inot = 1, nturbines
994
995	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
996	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
997	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
998	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
999	ENDIF
1000
1001	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1002	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1003	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1004	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1005	ENDIF
1006
1007	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1008	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1009	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1010	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1011	ENDIF
1012
1013	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1014	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1015	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1016	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1017	ENDIF
1018
1019	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1020	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1021
1022	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1023
1024	ENDIF
1025	ENDIF
1026
1027	END DO
1028
1029	ENDIF
1030
1031	ENDIF
1032
1033	!
1034	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1035	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1036	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1037	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1038	!
1039	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1040	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1041
1042	!
1043	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1044	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1045	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1046
1047	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1048
1049	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1050
1051
1052	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1053	!
1054	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1055	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1056	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1057	i = i_hub(inot)
1058
1059	!
1060	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1061	!-- grid point indices):
1062	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1063	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1064	!
1065	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1066	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1067	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1068	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1069	!-- in grid box 1.
1070	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1071	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1072
1073	!
1074	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1075	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1076	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1077	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1078
1079	!
1080	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1081	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1082	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1083
1084	DO j = nys, nyn
1085	!
1086	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1087	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1088
1089	DO k = nzb, nzt
1090
1091	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1092	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1093	!
1094	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1095	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1096	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1097	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1098	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1099	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1100	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1101	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1102	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1103	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1104	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1105	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1106	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1107	!
1108	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1109	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1110	ELSE
1111	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1112	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1113	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1114	ENDIF
1115	!
1116	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1117	ELSE
1118	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1119	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1120	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1121	ENDIF
1122	!
1123	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1124	!-- are carried out:
1125	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1126
1127	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1128	!
1129	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1130	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1131	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1132	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1133	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1134	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1135	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1136	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1137	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1138	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1139	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1140	!
1141	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1142	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1143	ELSE
1144	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1145	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1146	ENDIF
1147	!
1148	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1149	ELSE
1150	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1151	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1152	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1153
1154	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1155
1156	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1157
1158	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1159
1160	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1161
1162	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1163
1164
1165	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1166
1167	!
1168	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1169	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1170	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1171	!!
1172	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1173	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1174	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1175	!
1176	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1177	!
1178	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1179	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1180	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1181	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1182	!!
1183	!!-- bottom intersection point
1184	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1185	!!
1186	!!-- top intersection point
1187	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1188	! ELSE
1189	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1190	! ENDIF
1191	! ENDDO
1192	!
1193	!
1194	! DO j = nys, nyn
1195	!!
1196	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1197	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1198	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1199	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1200	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1201	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1202	!!
1203	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1204	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1205	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1206	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1207	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1208	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1209	!!
1210	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1211	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1212	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1213	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1214	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1215	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1216	! dz_int = dz
1217	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1218	!!
1219	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1220	!!-- within the current grid box:
1221	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1222	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1223	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1224	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1225	! ENDIF
1226	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1227	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1228	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1229	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1230	! ENDIF
1231	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1232	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1233	! ENDIF
1234	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1235	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1236	! ENDIF
1237	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1238	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1239	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1240	! ENDIF
1241	! ENDDO
1242	! ENDIF
1243	! ENDDO
1244	! ENDIF
1245	!
1246	! ENDDO
1247	!
1248	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1249
1250	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1251
1252	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1253	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1254
1255	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1256
1257	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1258
1259	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1260
1261
1262	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1263	! Description:
1264	! ------------
1265	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1266	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1267	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1268	!
1269	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1270
1271
1272	IMPLICIT NONE
1273
1274	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1275	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1276
1277	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1278
1279	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1280
1281	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1282	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1283	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1284	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1285	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1286	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1287	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1288	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1289	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1290	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1291
1292	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1293	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1294	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1295
1296	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1297	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1298
1299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1304
1305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1310
1311	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1312
1313	!
1314	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1315	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1316
1317	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1318
1319	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1320	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1321	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1322	ENDIF
1323	!
1324	!-- Read distribution table:
1325
1326	dlen = 0
1327
1328	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1329
1330	rloop3: DO
1331	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1332	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1333	dlen = dlen + 1
1334	ENDDO rloop3
1335
1336	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1337
1338	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1339	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1340	ENDDO
1341
1342	DO jj = 1,dlen
1343	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1344	ENDDO
1345
1346	!
1347	!-- Read layout table:
1348
1349	dlen = 0
1350
1351	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1352
1353	rloop1: DO
1354	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1355	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1356	dlen = dlen + 1
1357	ENDDO rloop1
1358
1359	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1360	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1361	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1362	ENDDO
1363	DO jj = 1, dlen
1364	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1365	ENDDO
1366
1367	!
1368	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1369
1370	dlen = 0
1371
1372	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1373
1374	rloop2: DO
1375	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1376	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1377	dlen = dlen + 1
1378	ENDDO rloop2
1379
1380	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1381	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1382
1383	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1384	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1385	ENDDO
1386
1387	DO jj = 1,dlen
1388	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1389	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1390	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1391	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1392	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1393	ENDDO
1394
1395	ENDDO
1396
1397	dlenbl = dlen
1398
1399	CLOSE ( 90 )
1400
1401	!
1402	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1403	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1404	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1405	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1406	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1407
1408	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1409	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1410	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1411	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1412
1413	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1414	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1415
1416	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1417	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1418
1419	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1420
1421	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1422	!
1423	!-- Find position in table 1
1424	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1425	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1426
1427	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1428	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1429	ENDIF
1430
1431	trow = lct(1)
1432	!
1433	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1434	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1435	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1436	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1437	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1438
1439	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1440	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1441	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1442	ENDIF
1443
1444	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1445	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1446	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1447	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1448	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1449
1450	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1451	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1452	! explicitly
1453	ELSE
1454	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1455	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1456	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1457	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1458	!
1459	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1460	!-- explicitly
1461	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1462	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1463	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1464	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1465	ENDIF
1466
1467	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1468
1469	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1470	ialpha = 1
1471
1472	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
1473	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1474	ENDDO
1475
1476	!
1477	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1478	!-- segments and angles of attack
1479
1480	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1481	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1482	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1483	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1484	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1485	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1486	( alpha_attack_i - &
1487	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1488	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1489	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1490	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1491	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1492	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1493	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1494	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1495	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1496	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1497	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1498	( alpha_attack_i - &
1499	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1500	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1501	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1502	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1503	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1504
1505	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1506
1507	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1508
1509
1510	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1511
1512
1513	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1514	! Description:
1515	! ------------
1516	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1517	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1519	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1520
1521
1522	IMPLICIT NONE
1523
1524	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1525	!
1526	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1527	!-- the rotors
1528	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1529	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1530	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1531
1532	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1533	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1534	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1535
1536	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1537	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1538	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1539
1540	!
1541	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1542	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1543
1544	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1545	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1546	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1547	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1548	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1549	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1550	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1551	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1552	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1553	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1554	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1555	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1556	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1557	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1558	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1559	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1560	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1561	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1562	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1563	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1564	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1565	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1566	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1567	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1568
1569	!
1570	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1571	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1572	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1573	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1574	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1575
1576	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1577
1578
1579	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1580	! Description:
1581	! ------------
1582	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1583	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1584	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1585
1586
1587	IMPLICIT NONE
1588
1589	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1590
1591	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1592	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1593	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1594	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1595	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1596	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1597
1598	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1599	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1600	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1601
1602	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1603	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1604
1605	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1606
1607
1608	!
1609	! Variables for pitch control
1610	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1611
1612	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1613	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1614
1615	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1616
1617
1618	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1619
1620
1621	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1622
1623	!
1624	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1625	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1626	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1627	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1628	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1629	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1630	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1631	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1632	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1633	!
1634	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1635	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1636
1637	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1638	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1639	!
1640	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1641
1642	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1643	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1644	!$OMP DO
1645	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1646
1647	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1648	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1649	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1650	!
1651	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1652	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1653
1654	!
1655	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1656	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1657	!
1658	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1659	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1660	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1661	!
1662	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1663	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1664	!-- with y-axis):
1665	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1666	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1667	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1668
1669	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1670	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1671	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1672	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1673	re(3) = sin_rot
1674
1675	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1676	!
1677	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1678	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1679	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1680	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1681
1682	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1683	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1684	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1685	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1686	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1687
1688	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1689	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1690
1691	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1692	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1693
1694	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1695	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1696
1697	!
1698	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1699
1700	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1701	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1702	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1703	!
1704	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1705	!-- the current PE:
1706	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1707	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1708
1709	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1710	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1711	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1712	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1713	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1714	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1715	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1716	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1717	gg = dx * dy
1718
1719	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1720	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1721	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1722	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1723	) / gg
1724
1725	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1726	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1727	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1728	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1729	) / gg
1730
1731	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1732	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1733	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1734
1735	ELSE
1736	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1737	ENDIF
1738	ELSE
1739	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1740	ENDIF
1741
1742
1743	!
1744	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1745	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1746	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1747	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1748	!
1749	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1750	!-- the current PE:
1751	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1752	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1753
1754	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1755	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1756	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1757	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1758	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1759	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1760	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1761	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1762	gg = dx * dy
1763
1764	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1765	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1766	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1767	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1768	) / gg
1769
1770	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1771	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1772	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1773	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1774	) / gg
1775
1776	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1777	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1778	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1779
1780	ELSE
1781	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1782	ENDIF
1783	ELSE
1784	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1785	ENDIF
1786
1787
1788	!
1789	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1790	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1791	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1792	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1793	!
1794	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1795	!-- the current PE:
1796	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1797	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1798
1799	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1800	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1801	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1802	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1803	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1804	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1805	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1806	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1807	gg = dx * dy
1808
1809	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1810	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1811	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1812	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1813	) / gg
1814
1815	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1816	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1817	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1818	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1819	) / gg
1820
1821	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1822	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1823	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1824	ELSE
1825	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1826	ENDIF
1827	ELSE
1828	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1829	ENDIF
1830
1831	ENDDO
1832	ENDDO
1833	!$OMP END PARALLEL
1834
1835	ENDDO
1836
1837	!
1838	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1839	#if defined( __parallel )
1840	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1841	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1842	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1843	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1844	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1845	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1846	#else
1847	u_int = u_int_1_l
1848	v_int = v_int_1_l
1849	w_int = w_int_1_l
1850	#endif
1851
1852
1853	!
1854	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1855
1856	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1857	pit_loop: DO
1858
1859	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1860	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1861	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1862	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1863	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1864	ELSE
1865	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1866	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1867	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1868	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1869	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1870	ENDIF
1871	ENDIF
1872
1873	!
1874	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1875	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
1876	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
1877	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
1878	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
1879	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
1880	!$OMP DO
1881	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1882	!
1883	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1884	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1885	!
1886	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1887	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1888	!
1889	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1890	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1891	!-- with y-axis):
1892	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1893	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1894	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1895	!
1896	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1897	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1898	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1899	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1900	re(3) = sin_rot
1901
1902	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1903	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1904	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1905	rea(3) = cos_rot
1906
1907	!
1908	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1909	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1910	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1911	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1912	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1913	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1914	!
1915	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1916	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1917	!-- tilt:
1918	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1919	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1920	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1921	!
1922	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1923	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1924
1925	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1926
1927	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1928
1929	!
1930	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1931	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1932	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1933	!
1934	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1935	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1936	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1937	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1938	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1939	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1940	!
1941	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1942	!
1943	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1944	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1945	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1946	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1947	!
1948	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1949	!-- direction:
1950	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1951	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1952	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1953	!
1954	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1955	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1956
1957	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1958	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1959	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1960
1961	!
1962	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1963	!-- to the current radial position:
1964
1965	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1966	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1967
1968	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1969	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1970	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1971	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1972	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1973	ELSE
1974	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1975	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1976	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1977	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1978	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1979	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1980	ENDIF
1981
1982	!
1983	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1984	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1985	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1986	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1987	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1988	!
1989	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1990	!-- angle of attack:
1991	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1992	!
1993	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1994	!-- to angles given in degree:
1995	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1996	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1997	!
1998	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1999	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2000
2001	!
2002	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2003	!-- to the rotor:
2004	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2005	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2006	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2007
2008	!
2009	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2010	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2011	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2012	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2013
2014	!
2015	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2016	!-- the current radial position:
2017
2018	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2019	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2020	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2021	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2022	ELSE
2023	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2024	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2025	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2026	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2027	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2028	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2029	ENDIF
2030
2031	!
2032	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2033	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2034	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2035	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2036	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2037	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2038	!
2039	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2040	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2041	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2042	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2043	!
2044	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2045	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2046	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2047	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2048
2049	!
2050	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2051	!-- angles given in radian:
2052	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2053	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2054
2055	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2056
2057	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2058	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2059	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2060	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2061	!--
2062	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2063	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2064	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2065
2066	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2067
2068	ENDIF
2069	!
2070	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2071	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2072	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2073
2074	!
2075	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2076
2077	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2078	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2079
2080	!
2081	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2082	!-- for each ring segment:
2083	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2084	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2085	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2086
2087	!
2088	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2089	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2090	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2091	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2092	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2093	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2094	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2095	!
2096	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2097	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2098	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2099
2100	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2101	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2102
2103	!
2104	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2105	!$OMP CRITICAL
2106	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2107	thrust_seg(rseg)
2108
2109
2110	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2111	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2112
2113	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2114
2115	!
2116	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2117	!-- each ring:
2118	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2119	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2120	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2121
2122
2123	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2124	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2125
2126
2127	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2128
2129
2130	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2131	!
2132	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2133
2134	!
2135	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2136	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2137	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2138	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2139	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2140	( inertia_rot + &
2141	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2142
2143	!
2144	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2145	!-- and rotor speed
2146	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2147
2148	ENDIF
2149
2150	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2151
2152	!
2153	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2154	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2155	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2156	!-- gain
2157	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2158	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2159	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2160	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2161	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2162	!
2163	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2164	CYCLE pit_loop
2165	ENDIF
2166
2167	!
2168	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2169	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2170	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2171	ENDIF
2172	EXIT pit_loop
2173	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2174
2175
2176	!
2177	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2178
2179	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2180	!
2181	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2182	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2183	THEN
2184	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2185	THEN
2186	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2187	ENDIF
2188	ENDIF
2189
2190	ENDIF
2191
2192
2193	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2194
2195	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2196
2197
2198	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2199	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2200	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2201	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2202	!
2203	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2204	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2205	!
2206	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2207	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2208	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2209	!-- consideration
2210	!
2211	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2212	!-- of the model domain:
2213	!
2214	!--
2215	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2216	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2217	eps_min ) / dx )
2218	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2219	eps_min ) / dy )
2220
2221	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2222	!$OMP DO
2223	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2224	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2225	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2226	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2227	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2228	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2229	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2230	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2231	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2232	!
2233	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2234	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2235
2236	!
2237	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2238	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2239	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2240	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2241	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2242	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2243	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2244	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2245	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2246	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2247	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2248
2249	!
2250	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2251	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2252	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2253	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2254	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2255	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2256	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2257	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2258	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2259	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2260	flag
2261	ENDIF
2262	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2263	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2264	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2265	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2266	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2267	flag
2268	ENDIF
2269	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2270	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2271	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2272	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2273	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2274	flag
2275	ENDIF
2276
2277	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2278	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2279
2280	!
2281	!-- Rotation of force components:
2282	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2283	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2284	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2285	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2286	) * flag
2287
2288	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2289	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2290	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2291	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2292	) * flag
2293
2294	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2295	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2296	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2297	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2298	) * flag
2299
2300	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2301	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2302	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2303	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2304
2305	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2306
2307	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2308
2309
2310	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2311	!
2312	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2313	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2314	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2315	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2316	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2317	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2318	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2319
2320	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2321	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2322	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2323	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2324	start_up = .FALSE.
2325	ENDIF
2326
2327	!
2328	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2329	!--
2330	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2331	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2332	!
2333	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2334	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2335	THEN
2336	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2337	THEN
2338
2339	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2340
2341	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2342	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2343	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2344	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2345	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2346
2347	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2348
2349	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2350
2351	ENDIF
2352	ENDIF
2353
2354	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2355
2356	!
2357	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2358	#if defined( __parallel )
2359	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2360	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2361	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2362	comm2d, ierr )
2363	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2364	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2365	#else
2366	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2367	wdir = wdir_l
2368	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2369
2370
2371	#endif
2372	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2373	!
2374	!-- Update rotor orientation
2375	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2376
2377	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2378
2379	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2380
2381	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2382	!
2383	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2384	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2385	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2386	#if defined( __parallel )
2387	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2388	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2389	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2390	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2391	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2392	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2393	#else
2394	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2395	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2396	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2397	#endif
2398
2399	ENDIF
2400
2401	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2402
2403	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2404	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2405	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2406	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2407	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2408	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2409	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2410	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2411	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2412	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2413
2414	ELSE
2415
2416	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2417	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2418	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2419	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2420	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2421	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2422	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2423	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2424	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2425	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2426	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2427	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2428	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2429	ENDIF
2430	ENDIF
2431
2432	!-- Set open flag
2433	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2434	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2435
2436	ENDIF
2437
2438	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2439
2440	!
2441	!-- Formats
2442	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2443	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2444	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed GenTorque AeroTorque ', &
2445	'Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) RotThrust WDirection ', &
2446	'YawOrient')
2447
2448	106 FORMAT (F9.2,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F12.1,3X,F12.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F12.1,2X, &
2449	F12.1,1X,F12.1,4X,F7.2,4X,F7.2)
2450
2451
2452	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2453
2454
2455	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2456	! Description:
2457	! ------------
2458	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2459	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2460	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2461
2462	USE kinds
2463
2464	IMPLICIT NONE
2465
2466	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2467	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2468	REAL(wp) :: missal
2469
2470	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2471
2472	!
2473	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2474	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2475	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2476	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2477	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2478	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2479	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2480	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2481	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2482	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2483	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2484	!
2485	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2486	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2487	!
2488	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2489	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2490	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2491	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2492	!
2493	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2494	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2495
2496	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2497	!
2498	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2499	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2500	!
2501	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2502	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2503	!
2504	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2505	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2506	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2507	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2508	ENDIF
2509	ENDIF
2510
2511	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2512
2513	!
2514	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2515	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2516	!-- than min_miss
2517
2518	ELSE
2519	!
2520	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2521	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2522	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2523	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2524	!
2525	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2526	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2527	!
2528	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2529	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2530	!
2531	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2532	!-- yaw direction is still right
2533	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2534	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2535	!
2536	!-- Continue yawing
2537	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2538	ELSE
2539	!
2540	!-- Stop yawing
2541	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2542	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2543	ENDIF
2544	ELSE
2545	!
2546	!-- Continue yawing
2547	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2548	ENDIF
2549
2550	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2551
2552	ENDIF
2553
2554	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2555
2556
2557	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2558	! Description:
2559	! ------------
2560	!> Initialization of the speed control
2561	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2562	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2563
2564
2565	IMPLICIT NONE
2566
2567	!
2568	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2569	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2570	!
2571	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2572	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2573	!
2574	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2575	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2576	!
2577	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2578	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2579	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2580	!
2581	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2582	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2583	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2584	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2585	!
2586	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2587	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2588	!
2589	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2590	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2591	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2592	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2593	ENDIF
2594
2595	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2596
2597
2598	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2599	! Description:
2600	! ------------
2601	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2602	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2603	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2604
2605
2606	IMPLICIT NONE
2607
2608	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2609
2610
2611
2612	!
2613	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2614	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2615	!-- offshore system developement"
2616
2617	!
2618	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2619	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2620	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2621	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2622	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2623
2624	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2625	!
2626	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2627	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2628
2629	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2630	!
2631	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2632	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2633
2634	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2635	!
2636	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2637	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2638	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2639
2640	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2641	!
2642	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2643	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2644
2645	ELSE
2646	!
2647	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2648	!-- keep the power constant:
2649	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2650
2651	ENDIF
2652	!
2653	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2654	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2655	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2656	!
2657	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2658	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2659	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2660	!
2661	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2662	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2663
2664
2665	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2666
2667
2668	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2669	! Description:
2670	! ------------
2671	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2672	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2673	!> Call for all grid points
2674	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2675	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2676
2677
2678	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2679
2680	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2681	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2682	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2683
2684
2685	SELECT CASE ( location )
2686
2687	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2688
2689	CALL wtm_forces
2690
2691	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2692	!
2693	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2694	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2695	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2696	DO j = nysg, nyng
2697	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2698	!
2699	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2700	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2701	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2702	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2703	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2704
2705	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2706	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2707	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2708	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2709	ENDDO
2710	ENDDO
2711	ENDDO
2712	ENDIF
2713
2714	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2715	!
2716	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2717	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2718	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2719	DO j = nysg, nyng
2720	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2721	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2722	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2723	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2724	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2725	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2726	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2727	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2728	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2729	ENDDO
2730	ENDDO
2731	ENDDO
2732	ENDIF
2733
2734	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2735	!
2736	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2737	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2738	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2739	DO j = nysg, nyng
2740	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2741	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2742	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2743	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2744	ENDDO
2745	ENDDO
2746	ENDDO
2747	ENDIF
2748
2749
2750	CASE DEFAULT
2751	CONTINUE
2752
2753	END SELECT
2754
2755
2756	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
2757
2758
2759	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2760	! Description:
2761	! ------------
2762	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2763	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2764	!> Call for grid point i,j
2765	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2766	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
2767
2768
2769	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2770	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2771	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2772	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2773
2774	SELECT CASE ( location )
2775
2776	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2777
2778	CALL wtm_forces
2779
2780	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2781	!
2782	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2783	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2784	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2785	!
2786	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2787	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2788	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2789	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2790	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2791	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2792	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2793	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2794	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2795	ENDDO
2796	ENDIF
2797
2798	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2799	!
2800	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2801	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2802	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2803	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2804	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2805	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2806	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2807	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2808	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2809	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2810	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2811	ENDDO
2812	ENDIF
2813
2814	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2815	!
2816	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2817	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2818	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2819	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2820	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2821	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2822	ENDDO
2823	ENDIF
2824
2825
2826	CASE DEFAULT
2827	CONTINUE
2828
2829	END SELECT
2830
2831
2832	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
2833
2834	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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