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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4343

Last change on this file since 4343 was 4343, checked in by oliver.maas, 5 years ago
replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be greater than dlen
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 118.6 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4343 2019-12-17 12:26:12Z oliver.maas $
28	! replaced <= by < in line 1464 to ensure that ialpha will not be
29	! greater than dlen
30	!
31	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
32	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
33	!
34	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
35	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
36	! torque and power values
37	!
38	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
39	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
40	!
41	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
42	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
43	!
44	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
45	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
46	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
47	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
48	!
49	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
50	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
51	! of additional debug messages
52	!
53	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
54	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
55	!
56	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
57	! instrumented with openmp directives
58	!
59	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
60	! unused variables removed
61	!
62	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
63	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
64	!
65	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
66	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
67	!
68	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
69	! Initial revision
70	!
71	!
72	! Description:
73	! ------------
74	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
75	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
76	!> (ADM-R).
77	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
78	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
79	!> yaw.
80	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
81	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
82	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
83	!> automatically).
84	!>
85	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
86	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
87	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
88	!> @todo Generate header information
89	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
90	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
91	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
92	!> @todo Include additional output variables
93	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
94	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
95	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
96	!
97	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
98	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
99
100	USE arrays_3d, &
101	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
102
103	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
104	ONLY: pi
105
106	USE control_parameters, &
107	ONLY: coupling_char, &
108	debug_output, &
109	dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
110	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
111
112	USE cpulog, &
113	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
114
115	USE grid_variables, &
116	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
117
118	USE indices, &
119	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
120	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_static_0
121
122	USE kinds
123
124	USE pegrid
125
126
127	IMPLICIT NONE
128
129	PRIVATE
130
131	!
132	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
133
134	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
135	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
136
137	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
138	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
139	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
140	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
141
142	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
143	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
144	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
145	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
146	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
147	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
148
149	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
150	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
151	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
152	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
153	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
154	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
155	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
156	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
157	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
158	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
159	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
160
161	!
162	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
163	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
164
165	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
166	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
167	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
168	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
169	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
170	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
171	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
172	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
173	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
174	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
175	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
176	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
177	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
178	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
179
180
181	!
182	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
183
184	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
185	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
186	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
187
188	!
189	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
190	TYPE file_status
191	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
192	END TYPE file_status
193
194	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
195	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
196
197	!
198	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
199
200	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
201	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
202	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
203	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
204	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
205
206	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
207
208	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
209	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
210	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
211	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
212	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
213	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
214	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
215	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
216
217	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
218
219	!
220	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
221	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
222	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
223	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
224	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
225	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
226	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
227
228	!
229	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
231	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
232	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
234
235	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
236	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
237
238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
239	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
240
241	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
243
244	!
245	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
246
247	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
248	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
249	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
250	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
251	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
252	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
253	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
254	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
255	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
256	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
257	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
258	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
259	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
260	!
261	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
262	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
263	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
264	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
265	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
266	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
267
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
277
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
280
281	!
282	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
289
290	!
291	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
295
296	!
297	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
301
302	!
303	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
307
308	!
309	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
313	!
314	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
316
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
326
327	!
328	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
329
330	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
331
332	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
333	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
334	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
335	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
336	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
337	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
338	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
339	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
340
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
342
343	!
344	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
345
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
356	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
357	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
358	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
359
360	!
361	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
369
370
371	SAVE
372
373
374	INTERFACE wtm_parin
375	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
376	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
377
378	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
379	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
380	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
381
382	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
383	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
384	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
385
386	INTERFACE wtm_init
387	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
388	END INTERFACE wtm_init
389
390	INTERFACE wtm_actions
391	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
392	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
393	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
394
395	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
396	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
397	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
398
399	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
400	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
401	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
402
403
404	PUBLIC &
405	wtm_parin, &
406	wtm_check_parameters, &
407	wtm_init_arrays, &
408	wtm_init, &
409	wtm_actions, &
410	wtm_rrd_global, &
411	wtm_wrd_global
412
413
414	CONTAINS
415
416
417	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
418	! Description:
419	! ------------
420	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
421	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
422	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
423
424
425	IMPLICIT NONE
426
427	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
428
429	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
430	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
431	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
432	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
433	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
434	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
435	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
436	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
437	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
438	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
439	! , turb_cd_nacelle
440
441	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
442	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
443	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
444	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
445	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
446	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
447	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
448	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
449	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
450	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
451	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
452	! , turb_cd_nacelle
453	!
454	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
455	REWIND ( 11 )
456	line = ' '
457	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
458	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
459	ENDDO
460	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
461
462	!
463	!-- Read user-defined namelist
464	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
465	!
466	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
467	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
468
469	GOTO 14
470
471	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
472	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
473	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
474
475	!
476	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
477	12 REWIND ( 11 )
478	line = ' '
479	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
480	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
481	ENDDO
482	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
483
484	!
485	!-- Read user-defined namelist
486	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
487
488	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
489	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
490	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
491	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
492
493	!
494	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
495	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
496
497	GOTO 14
498
499	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
500	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
501	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
502
503	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
504
505
506	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
507
508
509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
510	! Description:
511	! ------------
512	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
513	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
514	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
515
516
517	IMPLICIT NONE
518
519
520	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
521	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
522
523	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
524	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
525
526	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
527	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
528
529	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
530	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
531
532	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
533	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
534
535	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
536	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
537
538	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
539	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
540
541	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
542	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
543
544	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
545	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
546
547	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
548	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
549
550
551	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
552
553
554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
555	! Description:
556	! ------------
557	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
558	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
559	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
560
561
562	USE control_parameters, &
563	ONLY: length, restart_string
564
565
566	IMPLICIT NONE
567
568	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
569
570
571	found = .TRUE.
572
573
574	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
575
576	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
577	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
578	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
579	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
580	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
581	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
582	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
583	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
584	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
585	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
586	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
587	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
588	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
589	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
590	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
591	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
592	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
593	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
594	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
595	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
596
597	CASE DEFAULT
598
599	found = .FALSE.
600
601	END SELECT
602
603
604	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
605
606
607	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
608	! Description:
609	! ------------
610	!> Check namelist parameter
611	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
612	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
613
614
615	IMPLICIT NONE
616
617	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
618	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
619	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
620	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
621	ENDIF
622
623	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
624	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
625	'a value equal or larger than zero'
626	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
627	ENDIF
628
629
630	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
631	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
632	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
633
634	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
635	'have to be given for each turbine.'
636	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
637
638	ENDIF
639
640
641	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
642
643
644	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
645	! Description:
646	! ------------
647	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
648	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
649	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
650
651
652	IMPLICIT NONE
653
654	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
655	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
656
657	!
658	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
659	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
660
661	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
662	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
663
664	nrings(:) = 0
665	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
666
667	!
668	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
669	delta_r_factor = segment_width
670	delta_t_factor = segment_length
671	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
672
673	DO inot = 1, nturbines
674	!
675	!-- Determine number of rings:
676	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
677
678	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
679
680	ENDDO
681
682	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
683
684	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
685	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
686
687	nsegs(:,:) = 0
688	nsegs_total(:) = 0
689
690
691	DO inot = 1, nturbines
692	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
693	!
694	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
695	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
696	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
697	delta_t_factor ) )
698	ENDDO
699	!
700	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
701	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
702
703	ENDDO
704
705	!
706	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
707	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
708
709	!!
710	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
711	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
712	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
713	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
714	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
715	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
716	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
717	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
718	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
719	! ENDIF
720
721
722	!
723	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
724	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
725	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
726	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
727	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
728	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
729	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
730	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
731	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
732
733	!
734	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
735	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
736	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
737	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
738	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
739	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
740	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
741
742	!
743	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
744	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
745	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
746	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
747	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
748	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
749	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
750	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
751	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
752	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
753	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
754
755	!
756	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
757	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
758	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
759	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
760	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
761	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
762	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
763
764	!
765	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
766	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
767	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
768	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
769
770	!
771	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
772	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
773	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
774	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
775	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
776	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
777	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
778	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
779	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
780
781	!
782	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
783	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
784	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
785	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
786	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
787	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
788	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
789
790	!
791	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
792	i_hub(:) = 0
793	i_smear(:) = 0
794	j_hub(:) = 0
795	j_smear(:) = 0
796	k_hub(:) = 0
797	k_smear(:) = 0
798
799	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
800	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
801
802	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
803	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
804	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
805	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
806	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
807	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
808	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
809	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
810	ENDIF
811
812	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
813	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
814	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
815	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
816	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
817	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
818
819	!
820	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
821	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
822	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
823	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
824	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
825	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
826	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
827	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
828	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
829	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
830	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
831
832	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
833	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
834	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
835	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
836	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
837	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
838
839	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
840	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
841	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
842
843	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
844	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
845	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
846	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
847	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
848	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
849	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
850	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
851
852	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
853	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
854	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
855	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
856	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
857	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
858
859
860	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
861
862
863	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
864	! Description:
865	! ------------
866	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
867	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
868	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
869
870
871	USE control_parameters, &
872	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
873
874	IMPLICIT NONE
875
876	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
877	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
878	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
879
880	!
881	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
882	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
883
884	!
885	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
886	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
887	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
888
889	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
890
891	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
892	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
893	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
894	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
895
896	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
897
898	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
899	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
900	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
901	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
902
903	!
904	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
905	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
906	!-- (smearing of the forces)
907	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
908	!
909	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
910	!-- be calculated:
911
912	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
913	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
914	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
915	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
916	!
917	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
918	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
919	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
920	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
921	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
922	!
923	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
924	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
925	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
926	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
927	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
928	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
929	eps_min) THEN
930	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
931	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
932	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
933	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
934	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
935	ENDIF
936	!
937	!-- Square of eps_min:
938	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
939	!
940	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
941	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
942	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
943	!
944	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
945	!-- function:
946	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
947
948	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
949	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
950
951	!
952	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
953	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
954	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
955	ENDIF
956
957
958	DO inot = 1, nturbines
959	!
960	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
961	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
962
963	!
964	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
965	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
966	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
967	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
968
969	!
970	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
971	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
972	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
973	!-- function of eps_min:
974	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
975	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
976	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
977
978	ENDDO
979
980	!
981	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
982	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
983	IF ( speed_control) THEN
984
985	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
986
987	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
988
989	DO inot = 1, nturbines
990
991	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
992	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
993	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
994	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
995	ENDIF
996
997	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
998	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
999	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1000	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1001	ENDIF
1002
1003	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1004	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1005	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1006	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1007	ENDIF
1008
1009	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1010	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1011	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1012	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1013	ENDIF
1014
1015	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1016	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1017
1018	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1019
1020	ENDIF
1021	ENDIF
1022
1023	END DO
1024
1025	ENDIF
1026
1027	ENDIF
1028
1029	!
1030	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1031	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1032	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1033	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1034	!
1035	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1036	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1037
1038	!
1039	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1040	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1041	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1042
1043	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1044
1045	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1046
1047
1048	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1049	!
1050	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1051	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1052	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1053	i = i_hub(inot)
1054
1055	!
1056	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1057	!-- grid point indices):
1058	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1059	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1060	!
1061	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1062	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1063	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1064	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1065	!-- in grid box 1.
1066	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1067	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1068
1069	!
1070	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1071	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1072	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1073	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1074
1075	!
1076	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1077	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1078	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1079
1080	DO j = nys, nyn
1081	!
1082	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1083	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1084
1085	DO k = nzb, nzt
1086
1087	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1088	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1089	!
1090	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1091	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1092	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1093	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1094	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1095	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1096	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1097	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1098	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1099	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1100	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1101	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1102	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1103	!
1104	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1105	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1106	ELSE
1107	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1108	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1109	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1110	ENDIF
1111	!
1112	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1113	ELSE
1114	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1115	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1116	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1117	ENDIF
1118	!
1119	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1120	!-- are carried out:
1121	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1122
1123	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1124	!
1125	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1126	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1127	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1128	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1129	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1130	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1131	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1132	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1133	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1134	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1135	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1136	!
1137	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1138	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1139	ELSE
1140	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1141	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1142	ENDIF
1143	!
1144	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1145	ELSE
1146	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1147	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1148	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1149
1150	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1151
1152	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1153
1154	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1155
1156	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1157
1158	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1159
1160
1161	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1162
1163	!
1164	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1165	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1166	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1167	!!
1168	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1169	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1170	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1171	!
1172	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1173	!
1174	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1175	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1176	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1177	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1178	!!
1179	!!-- bottom intersection point
1180	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1181	!!
1182	!!-- top intersection point
1183	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1184	! ELSE
1185	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1186	! ENDIF
1187	! ENDDO
1188	!
1189	!
1190	! DO j = nys, nyn
1191	!!
1192	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1193	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1194	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1195	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1196	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1197	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1198	!!
1199	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1200	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1201	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1202	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1203	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1204	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1205	!!
1206	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1207	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1208	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1209	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1210	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1211	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1212	! dz_int = dz
1213	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1214	!!
1215	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1216	!!-- within the current grid box:
1217	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1218	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1219	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1220	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1221	! ENDIF
1222	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1223	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1224	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1225	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1226	! ENDIF
1227	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1228	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1229	! ENDIF
1230	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1231	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1232	! ENDIF
1233	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1234	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1235	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1236	! ENDIF
1237	! ENDDO
1238	! ENDIF
1239	! ENDDO
1240	! ENDIF
1241	!
1242	! ENDDO
1243	!
1244	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1245
1246	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1247
1248	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1249	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1250
1251	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1252
1253	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1254
1255	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1256
1257
1258	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1259	! Description:
1260	! ------------
1261	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1262	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1263	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1264	!
1265	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1266
1267
1268	IMPLICIT NONE
1269
1270	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1271	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1272
1273	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1274
1275	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1276
1277	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1278	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1279	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1280	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1281	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1282	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1283	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1284	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1285	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1286	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1287
1288	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1289	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1290	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1291
1292	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1293	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1294
1295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1300
1301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1306
1307	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1308
1309	!
1310	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1311	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1312
1313	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1314
1315	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1316	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1317	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1318	ENDIF
1319	!
1320	!-- Read distribution table:
1321
1322	dlen = 0
1323
1324	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1325
1326	rloop3: DO
1327	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1328	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1329	dlen = dlen + 1
1330	ENDDO rloop3
1331
1332	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1333
1334	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1335	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1336	ENDDO
1337
1338	DO jj = 1,dlen
1339	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1340	ENDDO
1341
1342	!
1343	!-- Read layout table:
1344
1345	dlen = 0
1346
1347	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1348
1349	rloop1: DO
1350	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1351	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1352	dlen = dlen + 1
1353	ENDDO rloop1
1354
1355	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1356	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1357	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1358	ENDDO
1359	DO jj = 1, dlen
1360	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1361	ENDDO
1362
1363	!
1364	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1365
1366	dlen = 0
1367
1368	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1369
1370	rloop2: DO
1371	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1372	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1373	dlen = dlen + 1
1374	ENDDO rloop2
1375
1376	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1377	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1378
1379	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1380	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1381	ENDDO
1382
1383	DO jj = 1,dlen
1384	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1385	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1386	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1387	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1388	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1389	ENDDO
1390
1391	ENDDO
1392
1393	dlenbl = dlen
1394
1395	CLOSE ( 90 )
1396
1397	!
1398	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1399	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1400	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1401	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1402	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1403
1404	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1405	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1406	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1407	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1408
1409	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1410	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1411
1412	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1413	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1414
1415	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1416
1417	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1418	!
1419	!-- Find position in table 1
1420	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1421	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1422
1423	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1424	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1425	ENDIF
1426
1427	trow = lct(1)
1428	!
1429	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1430	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1431	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1432	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1433	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1434
1435	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1436	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1437	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1438	ENDIF
1439
1440	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1441	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1442	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1443	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1444	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1445
1446	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1447	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1448	! explicitly
1449	ELSE
1450	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1451	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1452	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1453	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1454	!
1455	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1456	!-- explicitly
1457	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1458	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1459	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1460	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1461	ENDIF
1462
1463	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1464
1465	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1466	ialpha = 1
1467
1468	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha < dlen ) )
1469	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1470	ENDDO
1471
1472	!
1473	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1474	!-- segments and angles of attack
1475
1476	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1477	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1478	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1479	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1480	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1481	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1482	( alpha_attack_i - &
1483	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1484	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1485	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1486	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1487	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1488	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1489	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1490	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1491	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1492	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1493	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1494	( alpha_attack_i - &
1495	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1496	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1497	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1498	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1499	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1500
1501	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1502
1503	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1504
1505
1506	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1507
1508
1509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1510	! Description:
1511	! ------------
1512	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1513	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1514	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1515	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1516
1517
1518	IMPLICIT NONE
1519
1520	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1521	!
1522	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1523	!-- the rotors
1524	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1525	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1526	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1527
1528	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1529	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1530	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1531
1532	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1533	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1534	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1535
1536	!
1537	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1538	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1539
1540	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1541	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1542	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1543	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1544	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1545	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1546	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1547	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1548	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1549	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1550	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1551	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1552	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1553	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1554	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1555	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1556	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1557	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1558	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1559	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1560	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1561	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1562	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1563	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1564
1565	!
1566	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1567	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1568	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1569	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1570	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1571
1572	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1573
1574
1575	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1576	! Description:
1577	! ------------
1578	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1579	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1580	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1581
1582
1583	IMPLICIT NONE
1584
1585	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1586
1587	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1588	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1589	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1590	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1591	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1592	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1593
1594	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1595	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1596	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1597
1598	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1599	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1600
1601	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1602
1603
1604	!
1605	! Variables for pitch control
1606	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1607
1608	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1609	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1610
1611	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1612
1613
1614	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1615
1616
1617	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1618
1619	!
1620	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1621	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1622	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1623	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1624	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1625	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1626	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1627	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1628	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1629	!
1630	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1631	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1632
1633	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1634	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1635	!
1636	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1637
1638	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1639	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1640	!$OMP DO
1641	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1642
1643	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1644	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1645	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1646	!
1647	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1648	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1649
1650	!
1651	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1652	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1653	!
1654	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1655	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1656	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1657	!
1658	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1659	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1660	!-- with y-axis):
1661	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1662	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1663	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1664
1665	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1666	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1667	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1668	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1669	re(3) = sin_rot
1670
1671	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1672	!
1673	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1674	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1675	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1676	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1677
1678	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1679	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1680	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1681	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1682	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1683
1684	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1685	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1686
1687	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1688	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1689
1690	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1691	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1692
1693	!
1694	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1695
1696	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1697	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1698	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1699	!
1700	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1701	!-- the current PE:
1702	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1703	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1704
1705	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1706	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1707	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1708	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1709	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1710	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1711	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1712	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1713	gg = dx * dy
1714
1715	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1716	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1717	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1718	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1719	) / gg
1720
1721	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1722	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1723	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1724	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1725	) / gg
1726
1727	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1728	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1729	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1730
1731	ELSE
1732	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1733	ENDIF
1734	ELSE
1735	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1736	ENDIF
1737
1738
1739	!
1740	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1741	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1742	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1743	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1744	!
1745	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1746	!-- the current PE:
1747	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1748	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1749
1750	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1751	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1752	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1753	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1754	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1755	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1756	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1757	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1758	gg = dx * dy
1759
1760	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1761	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1762	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1763	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1764	) / gg
1765
1766	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1767	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1768	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1769	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1770	) / gg
1771
1772	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1773	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1774	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1775
1776	ELSE
1777	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1778	ENDIF
1779	ELSE
1780	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1781	ENDIF
1782
1783
1784	!
1785	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1786	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1787	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1788	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1789	!
1790	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1791	!-- the current PE:
1792	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1793	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1794
1795	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1796	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1797	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1798	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1799	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1800	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1801	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1802	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1803	gg = dx * dy
1804
1805	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1806	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1807	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1808	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1809	) / gg
1810
1811	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1812	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1813	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1814	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1815	) / gg
1816
1817	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1818	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1819	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1820	ELSE
1821	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1822	ENDIF
1823	ELSE
1824	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1825	ENDIF
1826
1827	ENDDO
1828	ENDDO
1829	!$OMP END PARALLEL
1830
1831	ENDDO
1832
1833	!
1834	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1835	#if defined( __parallel )
1836	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1837	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1838	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1839	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1840	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1841	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1842	#else
1843	u_int = u_int_1_l
1844	v_int = v_int_1_l
1845	w_int = w_int_1_l
1846	#endif
1847
1848
1849	!
1850	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1851
1852	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1853	pit_loop: DO
1854
1855	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1856	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1857	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1858	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1859	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1860	ELSE
1861	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1862	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1863	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1864	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1865	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1866	ENDIF
1867	ENDIF
1868
1869	!
1870	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1871	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
1872	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
1873	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
1874	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
1875	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
1876	!$OMP DO
1877	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1878	!
1879	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1880	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1881	!
1882	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1883	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1884	!
1885	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1886	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1887	!-- with y-axis):
1888	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1889	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1890	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1891	!
1892	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1893	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1894	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1895	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1896	re(3) = sin_rot
1897
1898	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1899	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1900	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1901	rea(3) = cos_rot
1902
1903	!
1904	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1905	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1906	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1907	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1908	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1909	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1910	!
1911	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1912	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1913	!-- tilt:
1914	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1915	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1916	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1917	!
1918	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1919	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1920
1921	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1922
1923	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1924
1925	!
1926	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1927	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1928	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1929	!
1930	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1931	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1932	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1933	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1934	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1935	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1936	!
1937	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1938	!
1939	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1940	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1941	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1942	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1943	!
1944	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1945	!-- direction:
1946	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1947	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1948	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1949	!
1950	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1951	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1952
1953	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1954	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1955	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1956
1957	!
1958	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1959	!-- to the current radial position:
1960
1961	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1962	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1963
1964	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1965	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1966	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1967	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1968	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1969	ELSE
1970	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1971	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1972	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1973	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1974	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1975	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1976	ENDIF
1977
1978	!
1979	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1980	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1981	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1982	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1983	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1984	!
1985	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1986	!-- angle of attack:
1987	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1988	!
1989	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1990	!-- to angles given in degree:
1991	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1992	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1993	!
1994	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1995	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
1996
1997	!
1998	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1999	!-- to the rotor:
2000	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2001	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2002	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2003
2004	!
2005	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2006	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2007	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2008	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2009
2010	!
2011	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2012	!-- the current radial position:
2013
2014	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2015	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2016	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2017	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2018	ELSE
2019	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2020	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2021	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2022	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2023	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2024	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2025	ENDIF
2026
2027	!
2028	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2029	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2030	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2031	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2032	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2033	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2034	!
2035	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2036	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2037	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2038	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2039	!
2040	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2041	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2042	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2043	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2044
2045	!
2046	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2047	!-- angles given in radian:
2048	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2049	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2050
2051	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2052
2053	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2054	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2055	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2056	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2057	!--
2058	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2059	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2060	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2061
2062	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2063
2064	ENDIF
2065	!
2066	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2067	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2068	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2069
2070	!
2071	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2072
2073	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2074	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2075
2076	!
2077	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2078	!-- for each ring segment:
2079	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2080	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2081	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2082
2083	!
2084	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2085	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2086	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2087	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2088	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2089	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2090	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2091	!
2092	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2093	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2094	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2095
2096	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2097	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2098
2099	!
2100	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2101	!$OMP CRITICAL
2102	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2103	thrust_seg(rseg)
2104
2105
2106	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2107	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2108
2109	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2110
2111	!
2112	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2113	!-- each ring:
2114	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2115	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2116	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2117
2118
2119	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2120	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2121
2122
2123	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2124
2125
2126	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2127	!
2128	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2129
2130	!
2131	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2132	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2133	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2134	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2135	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2136	( inertia_rot + &
2137	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2138
2139	!
2140	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2141	!-- and rotor speed
2142	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2143
2144	ENDIF
2145
2146	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2147
2148	!
2149	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2150	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2151	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2152	!-- gain
2153	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2154	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2155	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2156	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2157	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2158	!
2159	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2160	CYCLE pit_loop
2161	ENDIF
2162
2163	!
2164	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2165	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2166	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2167	ENDIF
2168	EXIT pit_loop
2169	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2170
2171
2172	!
2173	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2174
2175	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2176	!
2177	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2178	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2179	THEN
2180	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2181	THEN
2182	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2183	ENDIF
2184	ENDIF
2185
2186	ENDIF
2187
2188
2189	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2190
2191	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2192
2193
2194	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2195	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2196	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2197	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2198	!
2199	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2200	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2201	!
2202	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2203	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2204	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2205	!-- consideration
2206	!
2207	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2208	!-- of the model domain:
2209	!
2210	!--
2211	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2212	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2213	eps_min ) / dx )
2214	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2215	eps_min ) / dy )
2216
2217	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2218	!$OMP DO
2219	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2220	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2221	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2222	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2223	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2224	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2225	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2226	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2227	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2228	!
2229	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2230	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2231
2232	!
2233	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2234	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2235	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2236	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2237	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2238	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2239	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2240	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2241	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2242	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2243	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2244
2245	!
2246	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2247	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2248	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2249	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2250	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2251	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2252	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2253	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2254	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2255	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2256	flag
2257	ENDIF
2258	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2259	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2260	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2261	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2262	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2263	flag
2264	ENDIF
2265	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2266	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2267	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2268	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2269	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2270	flag
2271	ENDIF
2272
2273	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2274	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2275
2276	!
2277	!-- Rotation of force components:
2278	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2279	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2280	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2281	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2282	) * flag
2283
2284	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2285	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2286	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2287	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2288	) * flag
2289
2290	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2291	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2292	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2293	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2294	) * flag
2295
2296	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2297	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2298	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2299	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2300
2301	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2302
2303	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2304
2305
2306	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2307	!
2308	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2309	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2310	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2311	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2312	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2313	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2314	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2315
2316	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2317	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2318	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2319	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2320	start_up = .FALSE.
2321	ENDIF
2322
2323	!
2324	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2325	!--
2326	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2327	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2328	!
2329	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2330	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2331	THEN
2332	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2333	THEN
2334
2335	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2336
2337	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2338	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2339	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2340	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2341	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2342
2343	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2344
2345	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2346
2347	ENDIF
2348	ENDIF
2349
2350	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2351
2352	!
2353	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2354	#if defined( __parallel )
2355	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2356	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2357	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2358	comm2d, ierr )
2359	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2360	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2361	#else
2362	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2363	wdir = wdir_l
2364	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2365
2366
2367	#endif
2368	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2369	!
2370	!-- Update rotor orientation
2371	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2372
2373	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2374
2375	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2376
2377	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2378	!
2379	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2380	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2381	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2382	#if defined( __parallel )
2383	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2384	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2385	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2386	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2387	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2388	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2389	#else
2390	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2391	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2392	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2393	#endif
2394
2395	ENDIF
2396
2397	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2398
2399	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2400	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2401	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2402	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2403	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2404	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2405	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2406	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2407	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2408	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2409
2410	ELSE
2411
2412	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2413	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2414	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2415	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2416	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2417	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2418	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2419	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2420	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2421	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2422	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2423	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2424	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2425	ENDIF
2426	ENDIF
2427
2428	!-- Set open flag
2429	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2430	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2431
2432	ENDIF
2433
2434	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2435
2436	!
2437	!-- Formats
2438	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2439	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2440	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed GenTorque AeroTorque ', &
2441	'Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) RotThrust WDirection ', &
2442	'YawOrient')
2443
2444	106 FORMAT (F9.2,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F12.1,3X,F12.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F12.1,2X, &
2445	F12.1,1X,F12.1,4X,F7.2,4X,F7.2)
2446
2447
2448	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2449
2450
2451	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2452	! Description:
2453	! ------------
2454	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2455	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2456	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2457
2458	USE kinds
2459
2460	IMPLICIT NONE
2461
2462	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2463	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2464	REAL(wp) :: missal
2465
2466	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2467
2468	!
2469	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2470	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2471	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2472	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2473	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2474	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2475	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2476	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2477	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2478	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2479	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2480	!
2481	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2482	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2483	!
2484	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2485	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2486	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2487	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2488	!
2489	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2490	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2491
2492	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2493	!
2494	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2495	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2496	!
2497	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2498	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2499	!
2500	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2501	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2502	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2503	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2504	ENDIF
2505	ENDIF
2506
2507	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2508
2509	!
2510	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2511	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2512	!-- than min_miss
2513
2514	ELSE
2515	!
2516	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2517	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2518	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2519	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2520	!
2521	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2522	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2523	!
2524	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2525	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2526	!
2527	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2528	!-- yaw direction is still right
2529	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2530	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2531	!
2532	!-- Continue yawing
2533	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2534	ELSE
2535	!
2536	!-- Stop yawing
2537	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2538	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2539	ENDIF
2540	ELSE
2541	!
2542	!-- Continue yawing
2543	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2544	ENDIF
2545
2546	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2547
2548	ENDIF
2549
2550	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2551
2552
2553	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2554	! Description:
2555	! ------------
2556	!> Initialization of the speed control
2557	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2558	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2559
2560
2561	IMPLICIT NONE
2562
2563	!
2564	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2565	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2566	!
2567	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2568	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2569	!
2570	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2571	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2572	!
2573	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2574	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2575	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2576	!
2577	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2578	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2579	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2580	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2581	!
2582	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2583	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2584	!
2585	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2586	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2587	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2588	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2589	ENDIF
2590
2591	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2592
2593
2594	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2595	! Description:
2596	! ------------
2597	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2598	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2599	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2600
2601
2602	IMPLICIT NONE
2603
2604	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2605
2606
2607
2608	!
2609	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2610	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2611	!-- offshore system developement"
2612
2613	!
2614	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2615	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2616	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2617	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2618	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2619
2620	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2621	!
2622	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2623	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2624
2625	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2626	!
2627	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2628	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2629
2630	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2631	!
2632	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2633	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2634	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2635
2636	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2637	!
2638	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2639	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2640
2641	ELSE
2642	!
2643	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2644	!-- keep the power constant:
2645	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2646
2647	ENDIF
2648	!
2649	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2650	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2651	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2652	!
2653	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2654	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2655	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2656	!
2657	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2658	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2659
2660
2661	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2662
2663
2664	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2665	! Description:
2666	! ------------
2667	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2668	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2669	!> Call for all grid points
2670	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2671	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2672
2673
2674	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2675
2676	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2677	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2678	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2679
2680
2681	SELECT CASE ( location )
2682
2683	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2684
2685	CALL wtm_forces
2686
2687	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2688	!
2689	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2690	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2691	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2692	DO j = nysg, nyng
2693	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2694	!
2695	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2696	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2697	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2698	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2699	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2700
2701	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2702	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2703	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2704	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2705	ENDDO
2706	ENDDO
2707	ENDDO
2708	ENDIF
2709
2710	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2711	!
2712	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2713	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2714	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2715	DO j = nysg, nyng
2716	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2717	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2718	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2719	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2720	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2721	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2722	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2723	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2724	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2725	ENDDO
2726	ENDDO
2727	ENDDO
2728	ENDIF
2729
2730	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2731	!
2732	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2733	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2734	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2735	DO j = nysg, nyng
2736	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2737	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2738	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2739	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2740	ENDDO
2741	ENDDO
2742	ENDDO
2743	ENDIF
2744
2745
2746	CASE DEFAULT
2747	CONTINUE
2748
2749	END SELECT
2750
2751
2752	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
2753
2754
2755	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2756	! Description:
2757	! ------------
2758	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2759	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2760	!> Call for grid point i,j
2761	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2762	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
2763
2764
2765	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2766	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2767	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2768	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2769
2770	SELECT CASE ( location )
2771
2772	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2773
2774	CALL wtm_forces
2775
2776	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2777	!
2778	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2779	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2780	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2781	!
2782	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2783	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2784	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2785	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2786	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2787	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2788	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2789	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2790	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2791	ENDDO
2792	ENDIF
2793
2794	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2795	!
2796	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2797	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2798	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2799	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2800	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2801	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2802	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2803	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2804	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2805	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2806	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2807	ENDDO
2808	ENDIF
2809
2810	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2811	!
2812	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2813	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2814	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2815	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2816	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2817	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2818	ENDDO
2819	ENDIF
2820
2821
2822	CASE DEFAULT
2823	CONTINUE
2824
2825	END SELECT
2826
2827
2828	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
2829
2830	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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