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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4230

Last change on this file since 4230 was 4182, checked in by scharf, 5 years ago
corrected "Former revisions" section minor formatting in "Former revisions" section added "Author" section
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z suehring $
28	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
29	!
30	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
31	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
32	!
33	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
34	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
35	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
36	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
37	!
38	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
39	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
40	! of additional debug messages
41	!
42	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
43	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
44	!
45	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
46	! instrumented with openmp directives
47	!
48	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
49	! unused variables removed
50	!
51	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
52	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
53	!
54	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
55	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
56	!
57	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
58	! Initial revision
59	!
60	!
61	! Description:
62	! ------------
63	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
64	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
65	!> (ADM-R).
66	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
67	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
68	!> yaw.
69	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
70	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
71	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
72	!> automatically).
73	!>
74	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
75	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
76	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
77	!> @todo Generate header information
78	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
79	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
80	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
81	!> @todo Include additional output variables
82	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
83	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
84	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
85	!
86	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
87	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
88
89	USE arrays_3d, &
90	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
91
92	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
93	ONLY: pi
94
95	USE control_parameters, &
96	ONLY: coupling_char, &
97	debug_output, &
98	dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
99	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
100
101	USE cpulog, &
102	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
103
104	USE grid_variables, &
105	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
106
107	USE indices, &
108	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
109	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
110
111	USE kinds
112
113	USE pegrid
114
115
116	IMPLICIT NONE
117
118	PRIVATE
119
120	!
121	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
122
123	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
124	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
125
126	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
127	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
128	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
129	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
130
131	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
132	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
133	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
134	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
135	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
136	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
137
138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
139	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
140	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
141	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
143	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
144	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
145	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
146	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
147	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
148	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
149
150	!
151	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
152	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
153
154	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
155	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
156	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
157	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
158	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
159	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
160	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
161	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
162	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
163	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
164	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
165	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
166	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
167	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
168
169
170	!
171	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
172
173	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
174	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
175	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
176
177	!
178	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
179	TYPE file_status
180	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
181	END TYPE file_status
182
183	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
184	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
185
186	!
187	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
188
189	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
190	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
191	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
192	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
193	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
194
195	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
196
197	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
198	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
199	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
200	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
201	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
202	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
203	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
204	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
205
206	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
207
208	!
209	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
210	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
211	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
212	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
213	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
214	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
215	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
216
217	!
218	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
219	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
223
224	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
225	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
226
227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
229
230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
231	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
232
233	!
234	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
235
236	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
237	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
238	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
239	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
240	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
241	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
242	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
243	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
244	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
245	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
246	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
247	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
248	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
249	!
250	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
251	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
252	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
253	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
254	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
255	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
256
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
266
267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
269
270	!
271	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
278
279	!
280	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
284
285	!
286	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
290
291	!
292	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
296
297	!
298	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
302	!
303	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
305
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
315
316	!
317	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
318
319	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
320
321	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
322	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
323	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
324	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
325	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
326	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
327	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
328	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
329
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
331
332	!
333	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
334
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
345	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
346	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
347	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
348
349	!
350	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
358
359
360	SAVE
361
362
363	INTERFACE wtm_parin
364	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
365	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
366
367	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
368	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
369	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
370
371	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
372	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
373	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
374
375	INTERFACE wtm_init
376	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
377	END INTERFACE wtm_init
378
379	INTERFACE wtm_actions
380	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
381	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
382	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
383
384	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
385	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
386	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
387
388	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
389	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
390	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
391
392
393	PUBLIC &
394	wtm_parin, &
395	wtm_check_parameters, &
396	wtm_init_arrays, &
397	wtm_init, &
398	wtm_actions, &
399	wtm_rrd_global, &
400	wtm_wrd_global
401
402
403	CONTAINS
404
405
406	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
407	! Description:
408	! ------------
409	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
410	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
411	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
412
413
414	IMPLICIT NONE
415
416	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
417
418	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
419	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
420	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
421	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
422	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
423	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
424	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
425	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
426	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
427	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
428	! , turb_cd_nacelle
429
430	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
431	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
432	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
433	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
434	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
435	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
436	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
437	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
438	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
439	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
440	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
441	! , turb_cd_nacelle
442	!
443	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
444	REWIND ( 11 )
445	line = ' '
446	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
447	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
448	ENDDO
449	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
450
451	!
452	!-- Read user-defined namelist
453	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
454	!
455	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
456	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
457
458	GOTO 14
459
460	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
461	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
462	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
463
464	!
465	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
466	12 REWIND ( 11 )
467	line = ' '
468	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
469	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
470	ENDDO
471	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
472
473	!
474	!-- Read user-defined namelist
475	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
476
477	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
478	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
479	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
480	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
481
482	!
483	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
484	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
485
486	GOTO 14
487
488	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
489	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
490	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
491
492	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
493
494
495	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
496
497
498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
499	! Description:
500	! ------------
501	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
503	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
504
505
506	IMPLICIT NONE
507
508
509	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
510	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
511
512	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
513	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
514
515	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
516	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
517
518	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
519	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
520
521	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
522	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
523
524	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
525	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
526
527	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
528	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
529
530	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
531	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
532
533	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
534	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
535
536	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
537	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
538
539
540	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
541
542
543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
544	! Description:
545	! ------------
546	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
548	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
549
550
551	USE control_parameters, &
552	ONLY: length, restart_string
553
554
555	IMPLICIT NONE
556
557	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
558
559
560	found = .TRUE.
561
562
563	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
564
565	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
566	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
567	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
568	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
569	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
570	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
571	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
572	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
573	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
574	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
575	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
576	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
577	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
578	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
579	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
580	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
581	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
582	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
583	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
584	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
585
586	CASE DEFAULT
587
588	found = .FALSE.
589
590	END SELECT
591
592
593	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
594
595
596	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
597	! Description:
598	! ------------
599	!> Check namelist parameter
600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
601	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
602
603
604	IMPLICIT NONE
605
606	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
607	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
608	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
609	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
610	ENDIF
611
612	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
613	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
614	'a value equal or larger than zero'
615	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
616	ENDIF
617
618
619	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
620	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
621	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
622
623	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
624	'have to be given for each turbine.'
625	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
626
627	ENDIF
628
629
630	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
631
632
633	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
634	! Description:
635	! ------------
636	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
637	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
638	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
639
640
641	IMPLICIT NONE
642
643	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
644	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
645
646	!
647	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
648	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
649
650	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
651	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
652
653	nrings(:) = 0
654	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
655
656	!
657	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
658	delta_r_factor = segment_width
659	delta_t_factor = segment_length
660	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
661
662	DO inot = 1, nturbines
663	!
664	!-- Determine number of rings:
665	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
666
667	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
668
669	ENDDO
670
671	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
672
673	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
674	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
675
676	nsegs(:,:) = 0
677	nsegs_total(:) = 0
678
679
680	DO inot = 1, nturbines
681	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
682	!
683	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
684	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
685	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
686	delta_t_factor ) )
687	ENDDO
688	!
689	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
690	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
691
692	ENDDO
693
694	!
695	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
696	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
697
698	!!
699	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
700	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
701	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
702	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
703	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
704	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
705	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
706	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
707	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
708	! ENDIF
709
710
711	!
712	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
713	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
714	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
715	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
716	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
717	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
718	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
719	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
720	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
721
722	!
723	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
724	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
725	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
726	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
727	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
728	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
729	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
730
731	!
732	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
733	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
734	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
735	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
736	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
737	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
738	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
739	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
740	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
741	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
742	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
743
744	!
745	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
746	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
747	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
748	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
749	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
750	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
751	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
752
753	!
754	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
755	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
756	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
757	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
758
759	!
760	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
761	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
762	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
763	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
764	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
765	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
766	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
767	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
768	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
769
770	!
771	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
772	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
773	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
774	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
775	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
776	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
777	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
778
779	!
780	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
781	i_hub(:) = 0
782	i_smear(:) = 0
783	j_hub(:) = 0
784	j_smear(:) = 0
785	k_hub(:) = 0
786	k_smear(:) = 0
787
788	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
789	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
790
791	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
792	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
793	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
794	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
795	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
796	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
797	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
798	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
799	ENDIF
800
801	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
802	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
803	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
804	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
805	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
806	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
807
808	!
809	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
810	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
811	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
812	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
813	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
814	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
815	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
816	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
817	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
818	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
819	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
820
821	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
822	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
823	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
824	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
825	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
826	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
827
828	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
829	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
830	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
831
832	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
833	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
834	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
835	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
836	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
837	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
838	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
839	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
840
841	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
842	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
843	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
844	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
845	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
846	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
847
848
849	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
850
851
852	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
853	! Description:
854	! ------------
855	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
856	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
857	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
858
859
860	USE control_parameters, &
861	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
862
863	IMPLICIT NONE
864
865	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
866	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
867	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
868
869	!
870	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
871	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
872
873	!
874	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
875	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
876	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
877
878	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
879
880	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
881	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
882	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
883	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
884
885	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
886
887	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
888	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
889	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
890	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
891
892	!
893	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
894	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
895	!-- (smearing of the forces)
896	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
897	!
898	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
899	!-- be calculated:
900
901	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
902	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
903	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
904	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
905	!
906	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
907	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
908	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
909	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
910	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
911	!
912	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
913	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
914	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
915	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
916	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
917	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
918	eps_min) THEN
919	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
920	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
921	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
922	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
923	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
924	ENDIF
925	!
926	!-- Square of eps_min:
927	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
928	!
929	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
930	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
931	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
932	!
933	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
934	!-- function:
935	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
936
937	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
938	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
939
940	!
941	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
942	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
943	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
944	ENDIF
945
946
947	DO inot = 1, nturbines
948	!
949	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
950	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
951
952	!
953	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
954	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
955	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
956	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
957
958	!
959	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
960	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
961	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
962	!-- function of eps_min:
963	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
964	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
965	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
966
967	ENDDO
968
969	!
970	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
971	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
972	IF ( speed_control) THEN
973
974	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
975
976	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
977
978	DO inot = 1, nturbines
979
980	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
981	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
982	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
983	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
984	ENDIF
985
986	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
987	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
988	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
989	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
990	ENDIF
991
992	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
993	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
994	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
995	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
996	ENDIF
997
998	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
999	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1000	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1001	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1002	ENDIF
1003
1004	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1005	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1006
1007	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1008
1009	ENDIF
1010	ENDIF
1011
1012	END DO
1013
1014	ENDIF
1015
1016	ENDIF
1017
1018	!
1019	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1020	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1021	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1022	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1023	!
1024	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1025	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1026
1027	!
1028	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1029	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1030	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1031
1032	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1033
1034	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1035
1036
1037	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1038	!
1039	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1040	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1041	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1042	i = i_hub(inot)
1043
1044	!
1045	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1046	!-- grid point indices):
1047	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1048	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1049	!
1050	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1051	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1052	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1053	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1054	!-- in grid box 1.
1055	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1056	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1057
1058	!
1059	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1060	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1061	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1062	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1063
1064	!
1065	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1066	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1067	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1068
1069	DO j = nys, nyn
1070	!
1071	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1072	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1073
1074	DO k = nzb, nzt
1075
1076	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1077	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1078	!
1079	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1080	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1081	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1082	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1083	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1084	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1085	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1086	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1087	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1088	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1089	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1090	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1091	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1092	!
1093	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1094	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1095	ELSE
1096	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1097	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1098	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1099	ENDIF
1100	!
1101	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1102	ELSE
1103	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1104	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1105	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1106	ENDIF
1107	!
1108	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1109	!-- are carried out:
1110	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1111
1112	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1113	!
1114	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1115	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1116	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1117	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1118	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1119	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1120	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1121	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1122	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1123	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1124	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1125	!
1126	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1127	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1128	ELSE
1129	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1130	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1131	ENDIF
1132	!
1133	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1134	ELSE
1135	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1136	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1137	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1138
1139	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1140
1141	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1142
1143	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1144
1145	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1146
1147	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1148
1149
1150	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1151
1152	!
1153	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1154	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1155	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1156	!!
1157	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1158	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1159	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1160	!
1161	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1162	!
1163	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1164	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1165	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1166	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1167	!!
1168	!!-- bottom intersection point
1169	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1170	!!
1171	!!-- top intersection point
1172	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1173	! ELSE
1174	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1175	! ENDIF
1176	! ENDDO
1177	!
1178	!
1179	! DO j = nys, nyn
1180	!!
1181	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1182	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1183	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1184	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1185	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1186	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1187	!!
1188	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1189	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1190	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1191	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1192	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1193	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1194	!!
1195	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1196	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1197	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1198	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1199	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1200	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1201	! dz_int = dz
1202	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1203	!!
1204	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1205	!!-- within the current grid box:
1206	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1207	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1208	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1209	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1210	! ENDIF
1211	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1212	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1213	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1214	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1215	! ENDIF
1216	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1217	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1218	! ENDIF
1219	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1220	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1221	! ENDIF
1222	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1223	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1224	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1225	! ENDIF
1226	! ENDDO
1227	! ENDIF
1228	! ENDDO
1229	! ENDIF
1230	!
1231	! ENDDO
1232	!
1233	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1234
1235	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1236
1237	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1238	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1239
1240	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1241
1242	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1243
1244	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1245
1246
1247	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1248	! Description:
1249	! ------------
1250	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1251	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1252	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1253	!
1254	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1255
1256
1257	IMPLICIT NONE
1258
1259	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1260	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1261
1262	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1263
1264	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1265
1266	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1267	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1268	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1269	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1270	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1271	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1272	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1273	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1274	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1275	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1276
1277	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1278	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1279	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1280
1281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1282	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1283
1284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1289
1290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1295
1296	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1297
1298	!
1299	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1300	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1301
1302	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1303
1304	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1305	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1306	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1307	ENDIF
1308	!
1309	!-- Read distribution table:
1310
1311	dlen = 0
1312
1313	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1314
1315	rloop3: DO
1316	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1317	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1318	dlen = dlen + 1
1319	ENDDO rloop3
1320
1321	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1322
1323	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1324	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1325	ENDDO
1326
1327	DO jj = 1,dlen
1328	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1329	ENDDO
1330
1331	!
1332	!-- Read layout table:
1333
1334	dlen = 0
1335
1336	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1337
1338	rloop1: DO
1339	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1340	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1341	dlen = dlen + 1
1342	ENDDO rloop1
1343
1344	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1345	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1346	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1347	ENDDO
1348	DO jj = 1, dlen
1349	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1350	ENDDO
1351
1352	!
1353	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1354
1355	dlen = 0
1356
1357	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1358
1359	rloop2: DO
1360	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1361	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1362	dlen = dlen + 1
1363	ENDDO rloop2
1364
1365	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1366	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1367
1368	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1369	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1370	ENDDO
1371
1372	DO jj = 1,dlen
1373	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1374	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1375	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1376	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1377	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1378	ENDDO
1379
1380	ENDDO
1381
1382	dlenbl = dlen
1383
1384	CLOSE ( 90 )
1385
1386	!
1387	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1388	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1389	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1390	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1391	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1392
1393	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1394	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1395	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1396	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1397
1398	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1399	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1400
1401	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1402	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1403
1404	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1405
1406	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1407	!
1408	!-- Find position in table 1
1409	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1410	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1411
1412	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1413	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1414	ENDIF
1415
1416	trow = lct(1)
1417	!
1418	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1419	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1420	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1421	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1422	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1423
1424	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1425	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1426	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1427	ENDIF
1428
1429	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1430	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1431	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1432	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1433	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1434
1435	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1436	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1437	! explicitly
1438	ELSE
1439	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1440	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1441	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1442	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1443	!
1444	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1445	!-- explicitly
1446	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1447	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1448	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1449	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1450	ENDIF
1451
1452	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1453
1454	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1455	ialpha = 1
1456
1457	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1458	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1459	ENDDO
1460
1461	!
1462	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1463	!-- segments and angles of attack
1464
1465	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1466	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1467	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1468	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1469	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1470	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1471	( alpha_attack_i - &
1472	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1473	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1474	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1475	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1476	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1477	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1478	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1479	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1480	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1481	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1482	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1483	( alpha_attack_i - &
1484	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1485	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1486	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1487	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1488	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1489
1490	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1491
1492	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1493
1494
1495	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1496
1497
1498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1499	! Description:
1500	! ------------
1501	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1502	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1504	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1505
1506
1507	IMPLICIT NONE
1508
1509	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1510	!
1511	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1512	!-- the rotors
1513	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1514	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1515	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1516
1517	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1518	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1519	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1520
1521	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1522	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1523	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1524
1525	!
1526	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1527	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1528
1529	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1530	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1531	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1532	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1533	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1534	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1535	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1536	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1537	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1538	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1539	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1540	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1541	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1542	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1543	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1544	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1545	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1546	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1547	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1548	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1549	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1550	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1551	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1552	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1553
1554	!
1555	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1556	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1557	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1558	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1559	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1560
1561	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1562
1563
1564	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1565	! Description:
1566	! ------------
1567	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1568	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1569	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1570
1571
1572	IMPLICIT NONE
1573
1574	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1575
1576	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1577	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1578	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1579	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1580	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1581	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1582
1583	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1584	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1585	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1586
1587	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1588	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1589
1590	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1591
1592
1593	!
1594	! Variables for pitch control
1595	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1596
1597	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1598	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1599
1600	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1601
1602
1603	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1604
1605
1606	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1607
1608	!
1609	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1610	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1611	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1612	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1613	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1614	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1615	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1616	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1617	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1618	!
1619	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1620	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1621
1622	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1623	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1624	!
1625	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1626
1627	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1628	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1629	!$OMP DO
1630	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1631
1632	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1633	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1634	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1635	!
1636	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1637	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1638
1639	!
1640	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1641	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1642	!
1643	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1644	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1645	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1646	!
1647	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1648	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1649	!-- with y-axis):
1650	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1651	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1652	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1653
1654	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1655	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1656	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1657	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1658	re(3) = sin_rot
1659
1660	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1661	!
1662	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1663	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1664	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1665	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1666
1667	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1668	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1669	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1670	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1671	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1672
1673	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1674	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1675
1676	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1677	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1678
1679	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1680	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1681
1682	!
1683	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1684
1685	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1686	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1687	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1688	!
1689	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1690	!-- the current PE:
1691	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1692	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1693
1694	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1695	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1696	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1697	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1698	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1699	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1700	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1701	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1702	gg = dx * dy
1703
1704	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1705	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1706	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1707	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1708	) / gg
1709
1710	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1711	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1712	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1713	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1714	) / gg
1715
1716	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1717	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1718	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1719
1720	ELSE
1721	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1722	ENDIF
1723	ELSE
1724	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1725	ENDIF
1726
1727
1728	!
1729	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1730	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1731	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1732	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1733	!
1734	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1735	!-- the current PE:
1736	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1737	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1738
1739	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1740	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1741	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1742	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1743	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1744	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1745	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1746	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1747	gg = dx * dy
1748
1749	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1750	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1751	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1752	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1753	) / gg
1754
1755	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1756	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1757	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1758	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1759	) / gg
1760
1761	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1762	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1763	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1764
1765	ELSE
1766	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1767	ENDIF
1768	ELSE
1769	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1770	ENDIF
1771
1772
1773	!
1774	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1775	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1776	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1777	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1778	!
1779	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1780	!-- the current PE:
1781	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1782	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1783
1784	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1785	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1786	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1787	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1788	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1789	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1790	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1791	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1792	gg = dx * dy
1793
1794	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1795	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1796	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1797	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1798	) / gg
1799
1800	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1801	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1802	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1803	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1804	) / gg
1805
1806	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1807	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1808	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1809	ELSE
1810	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1811	ENDIF
1812	ELSE
1813	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1814	ENDIF
1815
1816	ENDDO
1817	ENDDO
1818	!$OMP END PARALLEL
1819
1820	ENDDO
1821
1822	!
1823	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1824	#if defined( __parallel )
1825	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1826	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1827	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1828	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1829	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1830	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1831	#else
1832	u_int = u_int_1_l
1833	v_int = v_int_1_l
1834	w_int = w_int_1_l
1835	#endif
1836
1837
1838	!
1839	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1840
1841	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1842	pit_loop: DO
1843
1844	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1845	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1846	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1847	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1848	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1849	ELSE
1850	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1851	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1852	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1853	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1854	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1855	ENDIF
1856	ENDIF
1857
1858	!
1859	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1860	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
1861	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
1862	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
1863	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
1864	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
1865	!$OMP DO
1866	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1867	!
1868	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1869	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1870	!
1871	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1872	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1873	!
1874	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1875	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1876	!-- with y-axis):
1877	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1878	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1879	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1880	!
1881	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1882	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1883	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1884	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1885	re(3) = sin_rot
1886
1887	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1888	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1889	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1890	rea(3) = cos_rot
1891
1892	!
1893	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1894	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1895	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1896	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1897	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1898	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1899	!
1900	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1901	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1902	!-- tilt:
1903	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1904	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1905	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1906	!
1907	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1908	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1909
1910	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1911
1912	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1913
1914	!
1915	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1916	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1917	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1918	!
1919	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1920	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1921	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1922	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1923	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1924	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1925	!
1926	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1927	!
1928	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1929	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1930	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1931	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1932	!
1933	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1934	!-- direction:
1935	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1936	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1937	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1938	!
1939	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1940	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1941
1942	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1943	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1944	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1945
1946	!
1947	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1948	!-- to the current radial position:
1949
1950	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1951	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1952
1953	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1954	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1955	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1956	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1957	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1958	ELSE
1959	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1960	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1961	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1962	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1963	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1964	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1965	ENDIF
1966
1967	!
1968	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1969	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1970	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1971	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1972	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1973	!
1974	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1975	!-- angle of attack:
1976	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1977	!
1978	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1979	!-- to angles given in degree:
1980	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1981	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1982	!
1983	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1984	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
1985
1986	!
1987	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1988	!-- to the rotor:
1989	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
1990	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1991	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
1992
1993	!
1994	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1995	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
1996	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
1997	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1998
1999	!
2000	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2001	!-- the current radial position:
2002
2003	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2004	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2005	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2006	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2007	ELSE
2008	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2009	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2010	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2011	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2012	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2013	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2014	ENDIF
2015
2016	!
2017	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2018	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2019	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2020	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2021	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2022	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2023	!
2024	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2025	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2026	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2027	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2028	!
2029	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2030	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2031	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2032	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2033
2034	!
2035	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2036	!-- angles given in radian:
2037	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2038	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2039
2040	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2041
2042	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2043	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2044	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2045	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2046	!--
2047	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2048	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2049	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2050
2051	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2052
2053	ENDIF
2054	!
2055	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2056	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2057	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2058
2059	!
2060	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2061
2062	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2063	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2064
2065	!
2066	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2067	!-- for each ring segment:
2068	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2069	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2070	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2071
2072	!
2073	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2074	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2075	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2076	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2077	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2078	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2079	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2080	!
2081	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2082	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2083	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2084
2085	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2086	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2087
2088	!
2089	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2090	!$OMP CRITICAL
2091	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2092	thrust_seg(rseg)
2093
2094
2095	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2096	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2097
2098	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2099
2100	!
2101	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2102	!-- each ring:
2103	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2104	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2105	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2106
2107
2108	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2109	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2110
2111
2112	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2113
2114
2115	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2116	!
2117	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2118
2119	!
2120	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2121	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2122	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2123	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2124	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2125	( inertia_rot + &
2126	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2127
2128	!
2129	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2130	!-- and rotor speed
2131	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2132
2133	ENDIF
2134
2135	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2136
2137	!
2138	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2139	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2140	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2141	!-- gain
2142	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2143	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2144	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2145	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2146	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2147	!
2148	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2149	CYCLE pit_loop
2150	ENDIF
2151
2152	!
2153	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2154	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2155	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2156	ENDIF
2157	EXIT pit_loop
2158	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2159
2160
2161	!
2162	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2163
2164	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2165	!
2166	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2167	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2168	THEN
2169	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2170	THEN
2171	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2172	ENDIF
2173	ENDIF
2174
2175	ENDIF
2176
2177
2178	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2179
2180	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2181
2182
2183	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2184	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2185	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2186	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2187	!
2188	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2189	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2190	!
2191	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2192	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2193	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2194	!-- consideration
2195	!
2196	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2197	!-- of the model domain:
2198	!
2199	!--
2200	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2201	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2202	eps_min ) / dx )
2203	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2204	eps_min ) / dy )
2205
2206	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2207	!$OMP DO
2208	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2209	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2210	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2211	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2212	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2213	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2214	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2215	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2216	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2217	!
2218	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2219	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2220
2221	!
2222	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2223	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2224	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2225	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2226	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2227	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2228	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2229	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2230	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2231	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2232	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2233
2234	!
2235	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2236	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2237	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2238	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2239	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2240	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2241	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2242	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2243	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2244	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2245	flag
2246	ENDIF
2247	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2248	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2249	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2250	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2251	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2252	flag
2253	ENDIF
2254	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2255	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2256	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2257	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2258	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2259	flag
2260	ENDIF
2261
2262	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2263	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2264
2265	!
2266	!-- Rotation of force components:
2267	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2268	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2269	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2270	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2271	) * flag
2272
2273	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2274	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2275	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2276	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2277	) * flag
2278
2279	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2280	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2281	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2282	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2283	) * flag
2284
2285	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2286	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2287	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2288	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2289
2290	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2291
2292	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2293
2294
2295	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2296	!
2297	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2298	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2299	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2300	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2301	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2302	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2303	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2304
2305	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2306	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2307	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2308	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2309	start_up = .FALSE.
2310	ENDIF
2311
2312	!
2313	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2314	!--
2315	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2316	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2317	!
2318	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2319	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2320	THEN
2321	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2322	THEN
2323
2324	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2325
2326	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2327	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2328	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2329	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2330	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2331
2332	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2333
2334	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2335
2336	ENDIF
2337	ENDIF
2338
2339	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2340
2341	!
2342	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2343	#if defined( __parallel )
2344	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2345	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2346	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2347	comm2d, ierr )
2348	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2349	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2350	#else
2351	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2352	wdir = wdir_l
2353	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2354
2355
2356	#endif
2357	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2358	!
2359	!-- Update rotor orientation
2360	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2361
2362	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2363
2364	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2365
2366	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2367	!
2368	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2369	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2370	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2371	#if defined( __parallel )
2372	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2373	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2374	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2375	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2376	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2377	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2378	#else
2379	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2380	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2381	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2382	#endif
2383
2384	ENDIF
2385
2386	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2387
2388	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2389	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2390	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2391	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2392	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2393	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2394	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2395	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2396	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2397	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2398
2399	ELSE
2400
2401	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2402	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2403	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2404	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2405	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2406	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2407	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2408	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2409	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2410	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2411	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2412	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2413	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2414	ENDIF
2415	ENDIF
2416
2417	!-- Set open flag
2418	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2419	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2420
2421	ENDIF
2422
2423	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2424
2425	!
2426	!-- Formats
2427	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2428	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2429	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2430	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2431	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2432
2433	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2434	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2435
2436
2437	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2438
2439
2440	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2441	! Description:
2442	! ------------
2443	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2444	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2445	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2446
2447	USE kinds
2448
2449	IMPLICIT NONE
2450
2451	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2452	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2453	REAL(wp) :: missal
2454
2455	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2456
2457	!
2458	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2459	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2460	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2461	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2462	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2463	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2464	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2465	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2466	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2467	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2468	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2469	!
2470	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2471	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2472	!
2473	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2474	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2475	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2476	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2477	!
2478	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2479	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2480
2481	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2482	!
2483	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2484	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2485	!
2486	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2487	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2488	!
2489	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2490	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2491	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2492	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2493	ENDIF
2494	ENDIF
2495
2496	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2497
2498	!
2499	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2500	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2501	!-- than min_miss
2502
2503	ELSE
2504	!
2505	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2506	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2507	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2508	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2509	!
2510	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2511	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2512	!
2513	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2514	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2515	!
2516	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2517	!-- yaw direction is still right
2518	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2519	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2520	!
2521	!-- Continue yawing
2522	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2523	ELSE
2524	!
2525	!-- Stop yawing
2526	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2527	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2528	ENDIF
2529	ELSE
2530	!
2531	!-- Continue yawing
2532	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2533	ENDIF
2534
2535	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2536
2537	ENDIF
2538
2539	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2540
2541
2542	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2543	! Description:
2544	! ------------
2545	!> Initialization of the speed control
2546	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2547	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2548
2549
2550	IMPLICIT NONE
2551
2552	!
2553	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2554	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2555	!
2556	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2557	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2558	!
2559	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2560	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2561	!
2562	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2563	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2564	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2565	!
2566	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2567	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2568	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2569	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2570	!
2571	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2572	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2573	!
2574	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2575	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2576	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2577	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2578	ENDIF
2579
2580	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2581
2582
2583	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2584	! Description:
2585	! ------------
2586	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2587	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2588	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2589
2590
2591	IMPLICIT NONE
2592
2593	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2594
2595
2596
2597	!
2598	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2599	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2600	!-- offshore system developement"
2601
2602	!
2603	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2604	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2605	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2606	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2607	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2608
2609	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2610	!
2611	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2612	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2613
2614	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2615	!
2616	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2617	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2618
2619	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2620	!
2621	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2622	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2623	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2624
2625	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2626	!
2627	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2628	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2629
2630	ELSE
2631	!
2632	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2633	!-- keep the power constant:
2634	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2635
2636	ENDIF
2637	!
2638	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2639	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2640	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2641	!
2642	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2643	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2644	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2645	!
2646	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2647	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2648
2649
2650	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2651
2652
2653	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2654	! Description:
2655	! ------------
2656	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2657	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2658	!> Call for all grid points
2659	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2660	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2661
2662
2663	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2664
2665	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2666	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2667	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2668
2669
2670	SELECT CASE ( location )
2671
2672	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2673
2674	CALL wtm_forces
2675
2676	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2677	!
2678	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2679	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2680	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2681	DO j = nysg, nyng
2682	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2683	!
2684	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2685	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2686	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2687	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2688	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2689
2690	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2691	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2692	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2693	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2694	ENDDO
2695	ENDDO
2696	ENDDO
2697	ENDIF
2698
2699	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2700	!
2701	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2702	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2703	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2704	DO j = nysg, nyng
2705	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2706	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2707	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2708	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2709	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2710	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2711	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2712	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2713	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2714	ENDDO
2715	ENDDO
2716	ENDDO
2717	ENDIF
2718
2719	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2720	!
2721	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2722	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2723	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2724	DO j = nysg, nyng
2725	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2726	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2727	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2728	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2729	ENDDO
2730	ENDDO
2731	ENDDO
2732	ENDIF
2733
2734
2735	CASE DEFAULT
2736	CONTINUE
2737
2738	END SELECT
2739
2740
2741	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
2742
2743
2744	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2745	! Description:
2746	! ------------
2747	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2748	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2749	!> Call for grid point i,j
2750	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2751	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
2752
2753
2754	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2755	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2756	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2757	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2758
2759	SELECT CASE ( location )
2760
2761	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2762
2763	CALL wtm_forces
2764
2765	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2766	!
2767	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2768	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2769	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2770	!
2771	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2772	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2773	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2774	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2775	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2776	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2777	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2778	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2779	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2780	ENDDO
2781	ENDIF
2782
2783	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2784	!
2785	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2786	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2787	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2788	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2789	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2790	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2791	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2792	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2793	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2794	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2795	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2796	ENDDO
2797	ENDIF
2798
2799	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2800	!
2801	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2802	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2803	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2804	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2805	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2806	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2807	ENDDO
2808	ENDIF
2809
2810
2811	CASE DEFAULT
2812	CONTINUE
2813
2814	END SELECT
2815
2816
2817	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
2818
2819	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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