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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4116

Last change on this file since 4116 was 4056, checked in by Giersch, 5 years ago
Redundant example files deleted, wtm example added as a test case, bugfix in wtm
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 122.0 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z gronemeier $
28	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
29	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
30	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
31	!
32	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
33	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
34	! of additional debug messages
35	!
36	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
37	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
38	!
39	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
40	! instrumented with openmp directives
41	!
42	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
43	! unused variables removed
44	!
45	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
46	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
47	!
48	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
49	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
50	!
51	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
52	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
53	!
54	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
55	! Minor formating changes
56	!
57	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
58	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
59	!
60	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
61	! unused variables removed
62	!
63	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
64	! Check for vertical stretching has been revised.
65	!
66	! 3139 2018-07-17 11:30:10Z Giersch
67	! Bugfix in calculation of alpha_attack
68	!
69	! 3069 2018-06-15 07:56:09Z witha
70	! Initialization of some arrays added
71	!
72	! 3066 2018-06-12 08:55:55Z Giersch
73	! Error message revised
74	!
75	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
76	! dz was replaced by dz(1), error message concerning grid stretching has been
77	! introduced
78	!
79	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
80	! Error messages revised
81	!
82	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
83	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
84	!
85	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
86	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
87	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
88	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
89	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
90	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
91	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
92	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
93	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
94	! restart data is read
95	!
96	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
97	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
98	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
99	! turbine model
100	!
101	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
102	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
103	! case of restart runs
104	!
105	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
106	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
107	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
108	!
109	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
110	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
111	!
112	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
113	! Change in file header (GPL part)
114	!
115	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
116	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
117	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
118	!
119	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
120	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
121	! parameters during reading restart data
122	!
123	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
124	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
125	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
126	! defined
127	!
128	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
129	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
130	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
131	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
132	!
133	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
134	! Revise error message PA0462
135	!
136	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
137	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
138	!
139	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
140	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
141	!
142	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
143	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
144	!
145	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
146	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
147	!
148	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
149	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
150	!
151	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
152	!
153	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
154	! Adjustments to new topography concept
155	!
156	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
157	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
158	! Addition of a tip loss model
159	!
160	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
161	! Bugfix of pitch control
162	!
163	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
164	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
165	!
166	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
167	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
168	!
169	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
170	! Initial revision
171	!
172	!
173	! Description:
174	! ------------
175	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
176	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
177	!> (ADM-R).
178	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
179	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
180	!> yaw.
181	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
182	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
183	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
184	!> automatically).
185	!>
186	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
187	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
188	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
189	!> @todo Generate header information
190	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
191	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
192	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
193	!> @todo Include additional output variables
194	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
195	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
196	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
197	!
198	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
199	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
200
201	USE arrays_3d, &
202	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
203
204	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
205	ONLY: pi
206
207	USE control_parameters, &
208	ONLY: coupling_char, &
209	debug_output, &
210	dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
211	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
212
213	USE cpulog, &
214	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
215
216	USE grid_variables, &
217	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
218
219	USE indices, &
220	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
221	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
222
223	USE kinds
224
225	USE pegrid
226
227
228	IMPLICIT NONE
229
230	PRIVATE
231
232	!
233	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
234
235	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
236	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
237
238	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
239	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
240	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
241	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
242
243	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
244	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
245	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
246	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
247	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
248	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
249
250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
259	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
261
262	!
263	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
264	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
265
266	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
267	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
268	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
269	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
270	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
271	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
272	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
273	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
274	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
275	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
276	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
277	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
278	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
279	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
280
281
282	!
283	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
284
285	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
286	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
287	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
288
289	!
290	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
291	TYPE file_status
292	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
293	END TYPE file_status
294
295	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
296	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
297
298	!
299	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
300
301	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
302	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
303	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
304	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
305	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
306
307	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
308
309	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
310	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
311	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
312	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
313	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
314	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
315	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
316	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
317
318	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
319
320	!
321	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
322	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
323	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
324	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
325	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
326	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
327	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
328
329	!
330	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
335
336	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
337	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
338
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
341
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
344
345	!
346	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
347
348	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
349	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
350	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
351	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
352	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
353	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
354	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
355	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
356	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
357	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
358	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
359	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
360	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
361	!
362	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
363	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
364	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
365	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
366	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
367	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
368
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
378
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
381
382	!
383	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
390
391	!
392	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
396
397	!
398	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
402
403	!
404	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
408
409	!
410	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
411	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
414	!
415	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
417
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
420	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
427
428	!
429	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
430
431	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
432
433	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
434	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
435	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
436	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
437	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
438	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
439	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
440	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
441
442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
443
444	!
445	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
446
447	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
448	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
449	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
450	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
451	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
452	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
453	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
454	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
455	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
456	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
457	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
458	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
459	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
460
461	!
462	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
463	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
464	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
465	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
466	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
467	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
468	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
469	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
470
471
472	SAVE
473
474
475	INTERFACE wtm_parin
476	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
477	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
478
479	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
480	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
481	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
482
483	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
484	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
485	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
486
487	INTERFACE wtm_init
488	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
489	END INTERFACE wtm_init
490
491	INTERFACE wtm_actions
492	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
493	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
494	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
495
496	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
497	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
498	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
499
500	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
501	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
502	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
503
504
505	PUBLIC &
506	wtm_parin, &
507	wtm_check_parameters, &
508	wtm_init_arrays, &
509	wtm_init, &
510	wtm_actions, &
511	wtm_rrd_global, &
512	wtm_wrd_global
513
514
515	CONTAINS
516
517
518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
519	! Description:
520	! ------------
521	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
522	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
523	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
524
525
526	IMPLICIT NONE
527
528	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
529
530	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
531	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
532	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
533	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
534	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
535	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
536	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
537	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
538	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
539	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
540	! , turb_cd_nacelle
541
542	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
543	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
544	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
545	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
546	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
547	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
548	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
549	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
550	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
551	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
552	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
553	! , turb_cd_nacelle
554	!
555	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
556	REWIND ( 11 )
557	line = ' '
558	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
559	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
560	ENDDO
561	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
562
563	!
564	!-- Read user-defined namelist
565	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
566	!
567	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
568	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
569
570	GOTO 14
571
572	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
573	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
574	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
575
576	!
577	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
578	12 REWIND ( 11 )
579	line = ' '
580	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
581	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
582	ENDDO
583	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
584
585	!
586	!-- Read user-defined namelist
587	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
588
589	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
590	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
591	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
592	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
593
594	!
595	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
596	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
597
598	GOTO 14
599
600	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
601	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
602	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
603
604	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
605
606
607	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
608
609
610	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
611	! Description:
612	! ------------
613	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
614	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
615	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
616
617
618	IMPLICIT NONE
619
620
621	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
622	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
623
624	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
625	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
626
627	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
628	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
629
630	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
631	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
632
633	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
634	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
635
636	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
637	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
638
639	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
640	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
641
642	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
643	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
644
645	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
646	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
647
648	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
649	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
650
651
652	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
653
654
655	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
656	! Description:
657	! ------------
658	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
659	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
660	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
661
662
663	USE control_parameters, &
664	ONLY: length, restart_string
665
666
667	IMPLICIT NONE
668
669	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
670
671
672	found = .TRUE.
673
674
675	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
676
677	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
678	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
679	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
680	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
681	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
682	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
683	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
684	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
685	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
686	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
687	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
688	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
689	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
690	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
691	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
692	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
693	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
694	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
695	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
696	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
697
698	CASE DEFAULT
699
700	found = .FALSE.
701
702	END SELECT
703
704
705	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
706
707
708	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
709	! Description:
710	! ------------
711	!> Check namelist parameter
712	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
713	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
714
715
716	IMPLICIT NONE
717
718	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
719	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
720	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
721	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
722	ENDIF
723
724	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
725	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
726	'a value equal or larger than zero'
727	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
728	ENDIF
729
730
731	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
732	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
733	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
734
735	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
736	'have to be given for each turbine.'
737	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
738
739	ENDIF
740
741
742	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
743
744
745	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
746	! Description:
747	! ------------
748	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
749	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
750	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
751
752
753	IMPLICIT NONE
754
755	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
756	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
757
758	!
759	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
760	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
761
762	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
763	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
764
765	nrings(:) = 0
766	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
767
768	!
769	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
770	delta_r_factor = segment_width
771	delta_t_factor = segment_length
772	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
773
774	DO inot = 1, nturbines
775	!
776	!-- Determine number of rings:
777	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
778
779	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
780
781	ENDDO
782
783	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
784
785	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
786	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
787
788	nsegs(:,:) = 0
789	nsegs_total(:) = 0
790
791
792	DO inot = 1, nturbines
793	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
794	!
795	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
796	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
797	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
798	delta_t_factor ) )
799	ENDDO
800	!
801	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
802	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
803
804	ENDDO
805
806	!
807	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
808	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
809
810	!!
811	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
812	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
813	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
814	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
815	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
816	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
817	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
818	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
819	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
820	! ENDIF
821
822
823	!
824	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
825	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
826	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
827	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
828	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
829	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
830	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
831	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
832	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
833
834	!
835	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
836	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
837	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
838	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
839	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
840	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
841	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
842
843	!
844	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
845	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
846	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
847	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
848	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
849	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
850	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
851	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
852	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
853	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
854	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
855
856	!
857	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
858	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
859	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
860	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
861	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
862	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
863	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
864
865	!
866	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
867	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
868	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
869	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
870
871	!
872	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
873	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
874	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
875	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
876	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
877	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
878	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
879	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
880	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
881
882	!
883	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
884	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
885	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
886	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
887	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
888	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
889	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
890
891	!
892	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
893	i_hub(:) = 0
894	i_smear(:) = 0
895	j_hub(:) = 0
896	j_smear(:) = 0
897	k_hub(:) = 0
898	k_smear(:) = 0
899
900	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
901	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
902
903	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
904	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
905	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
906	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
907	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
908	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
909	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
910	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
911	ENDIF
912
913	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
914	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
915	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
916	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
917	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
918	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
919
920	!
921	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
922	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
923	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
924	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
925	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
926	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
927	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
928	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
929	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
930	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
931	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
932
933	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
934	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
935	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
936	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
937	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
938	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
939
940	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
941	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
942	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
943
944	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
945	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
946	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
947	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
948	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
949	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
950	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
951	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
952
953	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
954	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
955	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
956	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
957	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
958	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
959
960
961	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
962
963
964	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
965	! Description:
966	! ------------
967	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
968	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
969	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
970
971
972	USE control_parameters, &
973	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
974
975	IMPLICIT NONE
976
977	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
978	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
979	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
980
981	!
982	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
983	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
984
985	!
986	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
987	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
988	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
989
990	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
991
992	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
993	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
994	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
995	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
996
997	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
998
999	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
1000	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
1001	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
1002	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
1003
1004	!
1005	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1006	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1007	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1009	!
1010	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1011	!-- be calculated:
1012
1013	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1014	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1015	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1016	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1017	!
1018	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1019	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1020	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1021	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1022	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1023	!
1024	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1025	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1026	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1027	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1028	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
1029	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
1030	eps_min) THEN
1031	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1032	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1033	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
1034	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
1035	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1036	ENDIF
1037	!
1038	!-- Square of eps_min:
1039	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1040	!
1041	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1042	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1043	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1044	!
1045	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1046	!-- function:
1047	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1048
1049	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1050	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1051
1052	!
1053	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1054	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1055	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1056	ENDIF
1057
1058
1059	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1060	!
1061	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1062	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1063
1064	!
1065	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1066	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1067	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1068	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1069
1070	!
1071	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1072	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1073	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1074	!-- function of eps_min:
1075	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1076	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1077	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1078
1079	ENDDO
1080
1081	!
1082	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1083	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1084	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1085
1086	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1087
1088	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1089
1090	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1091
1092	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1093	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1094	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1095	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1096	ENDIF
1097
1098	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1099	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1100	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1101	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1102	ENDIF
1103
1104	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1105	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1106	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1107	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1108	ENDIF
1109
1110	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1111	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1112	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1113	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1114	ENDIF
1115
1116	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1117	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1118
1119	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1120
1121	ENDIF
1122	ENDIF
1123
1124	END DO
1125
1126	ENDIF
1127
1128	ENDIF
1129
1130	!
1131	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1132	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1133	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1134	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1135	!
1136	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1137	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1138
1139	!
1140	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1141	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1142	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1143
1144	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1145
1146	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1147
1148
1149	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1150	!
1151	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1152	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1153	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1154	i = i_hub(inot)
1155
1156	!
1157	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1158	!-- grid point indices):
1159	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1160	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1161	!
1162	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1163	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1164	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1165	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1166	!-- in grid box 1.
1167	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1168	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1169
1170	!
1171	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1172	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1173	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1174	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1175
1176	!
1177	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1178	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1179	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1180
1181	DO j = nys, nyn
1182	!
1183	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1184	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1185
1186	DO k = nzb, nzt
1187
1188	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1189	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1190	!
1191	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1192	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1193	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1194	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1195	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1196	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1197	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1198	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1199	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1200	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1201	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1202	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1203	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1204	!
1205	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1206	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1207	ELSE
1208	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1209	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1210	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1211	ENDIF
1212	!
1213	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1214	ELSE
1215	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1216	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1217	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1218	ENDIF
1219	!
1220	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1221	!-- are carried out:
1222	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1223
1224	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1225	!
1226	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1227	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1228	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1229	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1230	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1231	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1232	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1233	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1234	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1235	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1236	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1237	!
1238	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1239	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1240	ELSE
1241	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1242	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1243	ENDIF
1244	!
1245	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1246	ELSE
1247	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1248	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1249	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1250
1251	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1252
1253	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1254
1255	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1256
1257	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1258
1259	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1260
1261
1262	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1263
1264	!
1265	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1266	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1267	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1268	!!
1269	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1270	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1271	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1272	!
1273	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1274	!
1275	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1276	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1277	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1278	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1279	!!
1280	!!-- bottom intersection point
1281	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1282	!!
1283	!!-- top intersection point
1284	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1285	! ELSE
1286	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1287	! ENDIF
1288	! ENDDO
1289	!
1290	!
1291	! DO j = nys, nyn
1292	!!
1293	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1294	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1295	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1296	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1297	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1298	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1299	!!
1300	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1301	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1302	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1303	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1304	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1305	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1306	!!
1307	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1308	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1309	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1310	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1311	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1312	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1313	! dz_int = dz
1314	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1315	!!
1316	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1317	!!-- within the current grid box:
1318	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1319	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1320	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1321	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1322	! ENDIF
1323	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1324	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1325	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1326	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1327	! ENDIF
1328	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1329	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1330	! ENDIF
1331	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1332	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1333	! ENDIF
1334	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1335	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1336	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1337	! ENDIF
1338	! ENDDO
1339	! ENDIF
1340	! ENDDO
1341	! ENDIF
1342	!
1343	! ENDDO
1344	!
1345	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1346
1347	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1348
1349	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1350	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1351
1352	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1353
1354	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1355
1356	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1357
1358
1359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1360	! Description:
1361	! ------------
1362	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1363	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1364	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1365	!
1366	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1367
1368
1369	IMPLICIT NONE
1370
1371	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1372	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1373
1374	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1375
1376	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1377
1378	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1379	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1380	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1381	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1382	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1383	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1384	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1385	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1386	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1387	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1388
1389	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1390	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1391	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1392
1393	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1394	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1395
1396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1401
1402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1407
1408	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1409
1410	!
1411	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1412	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1413
1414	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1415
1416	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1417	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1418	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1419	ENDIF
1420	!
1421	!-- Read distribution table:
1422
1423	dlen = 0
1424
1425	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1426
1427	rloop3: DO
1428	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1429	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1430	dlen = dlen + 1
1431	ENDDO rloop3
1432
1433	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1434
1435	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1436	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1437	ENDDO
1438
1439	DO jj = 1,dlen
1440	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1441	ENDDO
1442
1443	!
1444	!-- Read layout table:
1445
1446	dlen = 0
1447
1448	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1449
1450	rloop1: DO
1451	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1452	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1453	dlen = dlen + 1
1454	ENDDO rloop1
1455
1456	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1457	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1458	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1459	ENDDO
1460	DO jj = 1, dlen
1461	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1462	ENDDO
1463
1464	!
1465	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1466
1467	dlen = 0
1468
1469	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1470
1471	rloop2: DO
1472	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1473	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1474	dlen = dlen + 1
1475	ENDDO rloop2
1476
1477	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1478	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1479
1480	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1481	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1482	ENDDO
1483
1484	DO jj = 1,dlen
1485	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1486	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1487	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1488	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1489	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1490	ENDDO
1491
1492	ENDDO
1493
1494	dlenbl = dlen
1495
1496	CLOSE ( 90 )
1497
1498	!
1499	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1500	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1501	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1502	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1503	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1504
1505	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1506	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1507	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1508	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1509
1510	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1511	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1512
1513	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1514	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1515
1516	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1517
1518	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1519	!
1520	!-- Find position in table 1
1521	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1522	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1523
1524	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1525	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1526	ENDIF
1527
1528	trow = lct(1)
1529	!
1530	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1531	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1532	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1533	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1534	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1535
1536	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1537	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1538	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1539	ENDIF
1540
1541	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1542	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1543	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1544	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1545	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1546
1547	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1548	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1549	! explicitly
1550	ELSE
1551	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1552	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1553	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1554	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1555	!
1556	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1557	!-- explicitly
1558	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1559	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1560	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1561	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1562	ENDIF
1563
1564	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1565
1566	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1567	ialpha = 1
1568
1569	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1570	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1571	ENDDO
1572
1573	!
1574	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1575	!-- segments and angles of attack
1576
1577	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1578	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1579	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1580	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1581	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1582	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1583	( alpha_attack_i - &
1584	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1585	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1586	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1587	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1588	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1589	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1590	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1591	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1592	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1593	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1594	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1595	( alpha_attack_i - &
1596	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1597	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1598	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1599	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1600	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1601
1602	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1603
1604	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1605
1606
1607	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1608
1609
1610	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1611	! Description:
1612	! ------------
1613	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1614	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1615	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1616	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1617
1618
1619	IMPLICIT NONE
1620
1621	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1622	!
1623	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1624	!-- the rotors
1625	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1626	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1627	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1628
1629	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1630	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1631	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1632
1633	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1634	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1635	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1636
1637	!
1638	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1639	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1640
1641	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1642	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1643	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1644	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1645	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1646	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1647	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1648	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1649	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1650	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1651	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1652	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1653	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1654	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1655	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1656	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1657	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1658	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1659	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1660	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1661	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1662	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1663	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1664	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1665
1666	!
1667	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1668	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1669	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1670	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1671	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1672
1673	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1674
1675
1676	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1677	! Description:
1678	! ------------
1679	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1680	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1681	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1682
1683
1684	IMPLICIT NONE
1685
1686	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1687
1688	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1689	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1690	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1691	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1692	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1693	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1694
1695	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1696	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1697	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1698
1699	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1700	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1701
1702	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1703
1704
1705	!
1706	! Variables for pitch control
1707	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1708
1709	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1710	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1711
1712	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1713
1714
1715	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1716
1717
1718	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1719
1720	!
1721	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1722	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1723	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1724	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1725	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1726	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1727	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1728	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1729	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1730	!
1731	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1732	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1733
1734	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1735	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1736	!
1737	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1738
1739	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1740	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1741	!$OMP DO
1742	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1743
1744	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1745	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1746	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1747	!
1748	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1749	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1750
1751	!
1752	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1753	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1754	!
1755	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1756	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1757	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1758	!
1759	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1760	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1761	!-- with y-axis):
1762	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1763	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1764	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1765
1766	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1767	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1768	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1769	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1770	re(3) = sin_rot
1771
1772	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1773	!
1774	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1775	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1776	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1777	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1778
1779	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1780	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1781	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1782	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1783	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1784
1785	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1786	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1787
1788	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1789	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1790
1791	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1792	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1793
1794	!
1795	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1796
1797	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1798	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1799	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1800	!
1801	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1802	!-- the current PE:
1803	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1804	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1805
1806	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1807	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1808	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1809	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1810	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1811	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1812	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1813	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1814	gg = dx * dy
1815
1816	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1817	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1818	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1819	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1820	) / gg
1821
1822	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1823	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1824	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1825	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1826	) / gg
1827
1828	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1829	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1830	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1831
1832	ELSE
1833	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1834	ENDIF
1835	ELSE
1836	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1837	ENDIF
1838
1839
1840	!
1841	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1842	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1843	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1844	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1845	!
1846	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1847	!-- the current PE:
1848	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1849	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1850
1851	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1852	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1853	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1854	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1855	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1856	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1857	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1858	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1859	gg = dx * dy
1860
1861	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1862	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1863	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1864	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1865	) / gg
1866
1867	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1868	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1869	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1870	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1871	) / gg
1872
1873	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1874	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1875	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1876
1877	ELSE
1878	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1879	ENDIF
1880	ELSE
1881	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1882	ENDIF
1883
1884
1885	!
1886	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1887	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1888	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1889	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1890	!
1891	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1892	!-- the current PE:
1893	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1894	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1895
1896	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1897	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1898	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1899	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1900	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1901	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1902	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1903	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1904	gg = dx * dy
1905
1906	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1907	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1908	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1909	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1910	) / gg
1911
1912	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1913	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1914	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1915	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1916	) / gg
1917
1918	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1919	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1920	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1921	ELSE
1922	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1923	ENDIF
1924	ELSE
1925	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1926	ENDIF
1927
1928	ENDDO
1929	ENDDO
1930	!$OMP END PARALLEL
1931
1932	ENDDO
1933
1934	!
1935	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1936	#if defined( __parallel )
1937	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1938	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1939	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1940	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1941	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1942	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1943	#else
1944	u_int = u_int_1_l
1945	v_int = v_int_1_l
1946	w_int = w_int_1_l
1947	#endif
1948
1949
1950	!
1951	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1952
1953	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1954	pit_loop: DO
1955
1956	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1957	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1958	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1959	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1960	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1961	ELSE
1962	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1963	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1964	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1965	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1966	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1967	ENDIF
1968	ENDIF
1969
1970	!
1971	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1972	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
1973	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
1974	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
1975	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
1976	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
1977	!$OMP DO
1978	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1979	!
1980	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1981	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1982	!
1983	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1984	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1985	!
1986	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1987	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1988	!-- with y-axis):
1989	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1990	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1991	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1992	!
1993	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1994	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1995	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1996	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1997	re(3) = sin_rot
1998
1999	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2000	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2001	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2002	rea(3) = cos_rot
2003
2004	!
2005	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2006	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2007	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2008	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2009	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2010	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2011	!
2012	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2013	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2014	!-- tilt:
2015	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2016	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2017	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2018	!
2019	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2020	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2021
2022	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2023
2024	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2025
2026	!
2027	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2028	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2029	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2030	!
2031	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2032	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2033	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2034	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2035	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2036	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2037	!
2038	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2039	!
2040	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2041	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2042	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2043	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2044	!
2045	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2046	!-- direction:
2047	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2048	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2049	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2050	!
2051	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2052	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2053
2054	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2055	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2056	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2057
2058	!
2059	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2060	!-- to the current radial position:
2061
2062	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2063	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2064
2065	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2066	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2067	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2068	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2069	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2070	ELSE
2071	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2072	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2073	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2074	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2075	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2076	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2077	ENDIF
2078
2079	!
2080	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2081	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2082	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2083	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2084	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2085	!
2086	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2087	!-- angle of attack:
2088	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2089	!
2090	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2091	!-- to angles given in degree:
2092	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2093	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2094	!
2095	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2096	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2097
2098	!
2099	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2100	!-- to the rotor:
2101	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2102	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2103	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2104
2105	!
2106	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2107	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2108	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2109	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2110
2111	!
2112	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2113	!-- the current radial position:
2114
2115	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2116	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2117	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2118	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2119	ELSE
2120	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2121	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2122	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2123	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2124	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2125	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2126	ENDIF
2127
2128	!
2129	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2130	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2131	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2132	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2133	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2134	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2135	!
2136	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2137	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2138	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2139	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2140	!
2141	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2142	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2143	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2144	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2145
2146	!
2147	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2148	!-- angles given in radian:
2149	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2150	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2151
2152	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2153
2154	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2155	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2156	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2157	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2158	!--
2159	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2160	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2161	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2162
2163	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2164
2165	ENDIF
2166	!
2167	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2168	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2169	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2170
2171	!
2172	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2173
2174	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2175	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2176
2177	!
2178	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2179	!-- for each ring segment:
2180	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2181	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2182	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2183
2184	!
2185	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2186	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2187	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2188	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2189	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2190	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2191	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2192	!
2193	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2194	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2195	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2196
2197	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2198	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2199
2200	!
2201	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2202	!$OMP CRITICAL
2203	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2204	thrust_seg(rseg)
2205
2206
2207	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2208	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2209
2210	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2211
2212	!
2213	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2214	!-- each ring:
2215	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2216	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2217	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2218
2219
2220	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2221	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2222
2223
2224	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2225
2226
2227	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2228	!
2229	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2230
2231	!
2232	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2233	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2234	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2235	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2236	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2237	( inertia_rot + &
2238	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2239
2240	!
2241	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2242	!-- and rotor speed
2243	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2244
2245	ENDIF
2246
2247	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2248
2249	!
2250	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2251	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2252	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2253	!-- gain
2254	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2255	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2256	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2257	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2258	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2259	!
2260	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2261	CYCLE pit_loop
2262	ENDIF
2263
2264	!
2265	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2266	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2267	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2268	ENDIF
2269	EXIT pit_loop
2270	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2271
2272
2273	!
2274	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2275
2276	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2277	!
2278	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2279	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2280	THEN
2281	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2282	THEN
2283	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2284	ENDIF
2285	ENDIF
2286
2287	ENDIF
2288
2289
2290	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2291
2292	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2293
2294
2295	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2296	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2297	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2298	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2299	!
2300	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2301	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2302	!
2303	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2304	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2305	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2306	!-- consideration
2307	!
2308	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2309	!-- of the model domain:
2310	!
2311	!--
2312	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2313	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2314	eps_min ) / dx )
2315	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2316	eps_min ) / dy )
2317
2318	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2319	!$OMP DO
2320	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2321	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2322	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2323	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2324	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2325	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2326	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2327	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2328	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2329	!
2330	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2331	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2332
2333	!
2334	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2335	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2336	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2337	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2338	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2339	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2340	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2341	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2342	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2343	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2344	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2345
2346	!
2347	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2348	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2349	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2350	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2351	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2352	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2353	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2354	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2355	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2356	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2357	flag
2358	ENDIF
2359	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2360	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2361	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2362	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2363	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2364	flag
2365	ENDIF
2366	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2367	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2368	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2369	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2370	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2371	flag
2372	ENDIF
2373
2374	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2375	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2376
2377	!
2378	!-- Rotation of force components:
2379	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2380	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2381	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2382	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2383	) * flag
2384
2385	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2386	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2387	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2388	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2389	) * flag
2390
2391	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2392	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2393	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2394	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2395	) * flag
2396
2397	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2398	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2399	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2400	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2401
2402	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2403
2404	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2405
2406
2407	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2408	!
2409	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2410	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2411	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2412	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2413	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2414	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2415	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2416
2417	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2418	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2419	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2420	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2421	start_up = .FALSE.
2422	ENDIF
2423
2424	!
2425	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2426	!--
2427	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2428	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2429	!
2430	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2431	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2432	THEN
2433	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2434	THEN
2435
2436	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2437
2438	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2439	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2440	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2441	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2442	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2443
2444	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2445
2446	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2447
2448	ENDIF
2449	ENDIF
2450
2451	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2452
2453	!
2454	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2455	#if defined( __parallel )
2456	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2457	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2458	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2459	comm2d, ierr )
2460	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2461	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2462	#else
2463	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2464	wdir = wdir_l
2465	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2466
2467
2468	#endif
2469	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2470	!
2471	!-- Update rotor orientation
2472	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2473
2474	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2475
2476	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2477
2478	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2479	!
2480	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2481	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2482	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2483	#if defined( __parallel )
2484	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2485	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2486	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2487	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2488	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2489	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2490	#else
2491	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2492	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2493	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2494	#endif
2495
2496	ENDIF
2497
2498	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2499
2500	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2501	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2502	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2503	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2504	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2505	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2506	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2507	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2508	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2509	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2510
2511	ELSE
2512
2513	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2514	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2515	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2516	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2517	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2518	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2519	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2520	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2521	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2522	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2523	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2524	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2525	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2526	ENDIF
2527	ENDIF
2528
2529	!-- Set open flag
2530	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2531	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2532
2533	ENDIF
2534
2535	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2536
2537	!
2538	!-- Formats
2539	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2540	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2541	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2542	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2543	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2544
2545	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2546	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2547
2548
2549	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2550
2551
2552	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2553	! Description:
2554	! ------------
2555	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2557	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2558
2559	USE kinds
2560
2561	IMPLICIT NONE
2562
2563	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2564	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2565	REAL(wp) :: missal
2566
2567	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2568
2569	!
2570	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2571	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2572	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2573	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2574	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2575	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2576	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2577	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2578	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2579	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2580	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2581	!
2582	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2583	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2584	!
2585	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2586	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2587	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2588	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2589	!
2590	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2591	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2592
2593	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2594	!
2595	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2596	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2597	!
2598	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2599	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2600	!
2601	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2602	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2603	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2604	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2605	ENDIF
2606	ENDIF
2607
2608	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2609
2610	!
2611	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2612	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2613	!-- than min_miss
2614
2615	ELSE
2616	!
2617	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2618	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2619	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2620	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2621	!
2622	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2623	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2624	!
2625	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2626	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2627	!
2628	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2629	!-- yaw direction is still right
2630	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2631	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2632	!
2633	!-- Continue yawing
2634	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2635	ELSE
2636	!
2637	!-- Stop yawing
2638	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2639	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2640	ENDIF
2641	ELSE
2642	!
2643	!-- Continue yawing
2644	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2645	ENDIF
2646
2647	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2648
2649	ENDIF
2650
2651	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2652
2653
2654	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2655	! Description:
2656	! ------------
2657	!> Initialization of the speed control
2658	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2659	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2660
2661
2662	IMPLICIT NONE
2663
2664	!
2665	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2666	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2667	!
2668	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2669	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2670	!
2671	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2672	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2673	!
2674	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2675	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2676	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2677	!
2678	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2679	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2680	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2681	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2682	!
2683	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2684	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2685	!
2686	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2687	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2688	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2689	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2690	ENDIF
2691
2692	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2693
2694
2695	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2696	! Description:
2697	! ------------
2698	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2699	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2700	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2701
2702
2703	IMPLICIT NONE
2704
2705	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2706
2707
2708
2709	!
2710	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2711	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2712	!-- offshore system developement"
2713
2714	!
2715	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2716	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2717	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2718	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2719	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2720
2721	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2722	!
2723	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2724	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2725
2726	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2727	!
2728	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2729	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2730
2731	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2732	!
2733	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2734	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2735	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2736
2737	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2738	!
2739	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2740	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2741
2742	ELSE
2743	!
2744	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2745	!-- keep the power constant:
2746	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2747
2748	ENDIF
2749	!
2750	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2751	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2752	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2753	!
2754	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2755	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2756	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2757	!
2758	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2759	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2760
2761
2762	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2763
2764
2765	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2766	! Description:
2767	! ------------
2768	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2769	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2770	!> Call for all grid points
2771	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2772	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2773
2774
2775	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2776
2777	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2778	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2779	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2780
2781
2782	SELECT CASE ( location )
2783
2784	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2785
2786	CALL wtm_forces
2787
2788	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2789	!
2790	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2791	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2792	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2793	DO j = nysg, nyng
2794	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2795	!
2796	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2797	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2798	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2799	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2800	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2801
2802	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2803	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2804	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2805	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2806	ENDDO
2807	ENDDO
2808	ENDDO
2809	ENDIF
2810
2811	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2812	!
2813	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2814	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2815	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2816	DO j = nysg, nyng
2817	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2818	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2819	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2820	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2821	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2822	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2823	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2824	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2825	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2826	ENDDO
2827	ENDDO
2828	ENDDO
2829	ENDIF
2830
2831	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2832	!
2833	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2834	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2835	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2836	DO j = nysg, nyng
2837	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2838	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2839	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2840	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2841	ENDDO
2842	ENDDO
2843	ENDDO
2844	ENDIF
2845
2846
2847	CASE DEFAULT
2848	CONTINUE
2849
2850	END SELECT
2851
2852
2853	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
2854
2855
2856	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2857	! Description:
2858	! ------------
2859	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2860	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2861	!> Call for grid point i,j
2862	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2863	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
2864
2865
2866	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2867	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2868	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2869	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2870
2871	SELECT CASE ( location )
2872
2873	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2874
2875	CALL wtm_forces
2876
2877	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2878	!
2879	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2880	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2881	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2882	!
2883	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2884	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2885	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2886	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2887	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2888	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2889	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2890	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2891	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2892	ENDDO
2893	ENDIF
2894
2895	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2896	!
2897	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2898	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2899	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2900	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2901	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2902	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2903	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2904	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2905	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2906	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2907	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2908	ENDDO
2909	ENDIF
2910
2911	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2912	!
2913	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2914	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2915	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2916	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2917	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2918	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2919	ENDDO
2920	ENDIF
2921
2922
2923	CASE DEFAULT
2924	CONTINUE
2925
2926	END SELECT
2927
2928
2929	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
2930
2931	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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