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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 3649

Last change on this file since 3649 was 3593, checked in by kanani, 6 years ago
Bugfix for missing array allocation (biometeorology_mod), remove degree symbol (biometeorology_mod, indoor_model_mod, multi_agent_system_mod, surface_mod, wind_turbine_model_mod)
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 120.4 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 3593 2018-12-03 13:51:13Z suehring $
28	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
29	!
30	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
31	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
32	!
33	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
34	! Minor formating changes
35	!
36	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
37	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
38	!
39	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
40	! unused variables removed
41	!
42	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
43	! Check for vertical stretching has been revised.
44	!
45	! 3139 2018-07-17 11:30:10Z Giersch
46	! Bugfix in calculation of alpha_attack
47	!
48	! 3069 2018-06-15 07:56:09Z witha
49	! Initialization of some arrays added
50	!
51	! 3066 2018-06-12 08:55:55Z Giersch
52	! Error message revised
53	!
54	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
55	! dz was replaced by dz(1), error message concerning grid stretching has been
56	! introduced
57	!
58	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
59	! Error messages revised
60	!
61	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
62	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
63	!
64	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
65	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
66	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
67	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
68	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
69	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
70	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
71	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
72	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
73	! restart data is read
74	!
75	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
76	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
77	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
78	! turbine model
79	!
80	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
81	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
82	! case of restart runs
83	!
84	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
85	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
86	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
87	!
88	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
89	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
90	!
91	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
92	! Change in file header (GPL part)
93	!
94	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
95	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
96	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
97	!
98	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
99	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
100	! parameters during reading restart data
101	!
102	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
103	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
104	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
105	! defined
106	!
107	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
108	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
109	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
110	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
111	!
112	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
113	! Revise error message PA0462
114	!
115	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
116	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
117	!
118	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
119	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
120	!
121	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
122	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
123	!
124	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
125	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
126	!
127	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
128	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
129	!
130	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
131	!
132	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
133	! Adjustments to new topography concept
134	!
135	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
136	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
137	! Addition of a tip loss model
138	!
139	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
140	! Bugfix of pitch control
141	!
142	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
143	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
144	!
145	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
146	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
147	!
148	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
149	! Initial revision
150	!
151	!
152	! Description:
153	! ------------
154	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
155	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
156	!> (ADM-R).
157	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
158	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
159	!> yaw.
160	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
161	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
162	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
163	!> automatically).
164	!>
165	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
166	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
167	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
168	!> @todo Generate header information
169	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
170	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
171	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
172	!> @todo Include additional output variables
173	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
174	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
175	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
176	!
177	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
178	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
179
180	USE arrays_3d, &
181	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
182
183	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
184	ONLY: pi
185
186	USE control_parameters, &
187	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
188	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
189
190	USE cpulog, &
191	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
192
193	USE grid_variables, &
194	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
195
196	USE indices, &
197	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
198	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
199
200	USE kinds
201
202	USE pegrid
203
204
205	IMPLICIT NONE
206
207	PRIVATE
208
209	!
210	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
211
212	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
213	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
214
215	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
216	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
217	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
218	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
219
220	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
221	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
222	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
223	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
224	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
225	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
226
227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
231	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
232	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
238
239	!
240	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
241	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
242
243	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
244	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
245	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
246	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
247	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
248	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
249	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
250	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
251	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
252	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
253	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
254	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
255	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
256	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
257
258
259	!
260	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
261
262	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
263	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
264	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
265
266	!
267	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
268	TYPE file_status
269	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
270	END TYPE file_status
271
272	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
273	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
274
275	!
276	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
277
278	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
279	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
280	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
281	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
282	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
283
284	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
285
286	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
287	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
288	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
289	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
290	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
291	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
292	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
293	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
294
295	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
296
297	!
298	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
299	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
300	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
301	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
302	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
303	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
304	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
305	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
306
307	!
308	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
313
314	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
315	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
316
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
319
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
322
323	!
324	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
325
326	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
327	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
328	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
329	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
330	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
331	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
332	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
333	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
334	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
335	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
336	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
337	!
338	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
339	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
340	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
341	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
342	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
343
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
353
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
356
357	!
358	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
365
366	!
367	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
371
372	!
373	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
377
378	!
379	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
383
384	!
385	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
389	!
390	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
392
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
402
403	!
404	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
405
406	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
407
408	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
409	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
410	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
411	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
412	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
413	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
414	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
415	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
416
417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
418
419	!
420	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
421
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
429	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
430	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
431	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
432	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
433	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
434	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
435
436	!
437	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
439	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
440	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
442	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
445
446
447	SAVE
448
449
450	INTERFACE wtm_parin
451	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
452	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
453
454	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
455	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
456	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
457
458	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
459	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
460	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
461
462	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
463	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
464	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
465
466	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
467	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
468	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
469
470	INTERFACE wtm_init
471	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
472	END INTERFACE wtm_init
473
474	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
475	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
476	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
477
478	INTERFACE wtm_forces
479	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
480	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
481
482	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
483	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
484	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
485
486	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
487	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
488	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
489
490	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
491	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
492	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
493	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
494
495	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
496	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
497	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
498	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
499
500
501	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
502	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
503
504
505	CONTAINS
506
507
508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
509	! Description:
510	! ------------
511	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
513	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
514
515
516	IMPLICIT NONE
517
518	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
519
520	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
521
522	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
523	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
524	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
525	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
526	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
527	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
528	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
529	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
530	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
531	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
532
533	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
534	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
535	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
536	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
537	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
538	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
539	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
540	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
541	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
542	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
543	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
544	!
545	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
546	REWIND ( 11 )
547	line = ' '
548	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
549	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
550	ENDDO
551	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
552
553	!
554	!-- Read user-defined namelist
555	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
556	!
557	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
558	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
559
560	GOTO 14
561
562	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
563	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
564	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
565
566	!
567	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
568	12 REWIND ( 11 )
569	line = ' '
570	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
571	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
572	ENDDO
573	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
574
575	!
576	!-- Read user-defined namelist
577	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
578
579	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
580	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
581	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
582	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
583
584	!
585	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
586	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
587
588	GOTO 14
589
590	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
591	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
592	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
593
594	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
595
596
597	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
598
599
600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
601	! Description:
602	! ------------
603	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
604	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
605	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
606
607
608	IMPLICIT NONE
609
610
611	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
612	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
613
614	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
615	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
616
617	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
618	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
619
620	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
621	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
622
623	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
624	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
625
626	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
627	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
628
629	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
630	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
631
632	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
633	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
634
635	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
636	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
637
638	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
639	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
640
641
642	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
643
644
645	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
646	! Description:
647	! ------------
648	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
649	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
650	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
651
652
653	USE control_parameters, &
654	ONLY: length, restart_string
655
656
657	IMPLICIT NONE
658
659	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
660
661
662	found = .TRUE.
663
664
665	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
666
667	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
668	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
669	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
670	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
671	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
672	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
673	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
674	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
675	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
676	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
677	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
678	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
679	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
680	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
681	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
682	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
683	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
684	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
685	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
686	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
687
688	CASE DEFAULT
689
690	found = .FALSE.
691
692	END SELECT
693
694
695	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
696
697
698	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
699	! Description:
700	! ------------
701	!> Check namelist parameter
702	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
703	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
704
705
706	IMPLICIT NONE
707
708	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
709	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
710	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
711	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
712	ENDIF
713
714	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
715	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
716	'a value equal or larger than zero'
717	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
718	ENDIF
719
720
721	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
722	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
723	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
724
725	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
726	'have to be given for each turbine.'
727	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
728
729	ENDIF
730
731
732	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
733
734
735	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
736	! Description:
737	! ------------
738	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
739	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
740	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
741
742
743	IMPLICIT NONE
744
745	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
746	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
747
748	!
749	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
750	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
751
752	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
753	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
754
755	nrings(:) = 0
756	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
757
758	!
759	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
760	delta_r_factor = segment_width
761	delta_t_factor = segment_length
762	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
763
764	DO inot = 1, nturbines
765	!
766	!-- Determine number of rings:
767	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
768
769	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
770
771	ENDDO
772
773	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
774
775	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
776	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
777
778	nsegs(:,:) = 0
779	nsegs_total(:) = 0
780
781
782	DO inot = 1, nturbines
783	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
784	!
785	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
786	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
787	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
788	delta_t_factor ) )
789	ENDDO
790	!
791	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
792	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
793
794	ENDDO
795
796	!
797	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
798	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
799
800	!!
801	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
802	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
803	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
804	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
805	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
806	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
807	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
808	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
809	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
810	! ENDIF
811
812
813	!
814	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
815	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
816	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
817	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
818	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
819	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
820	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
821	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
822	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
823
824	!
825	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
826	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
827	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
828	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
829	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
830	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
831	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
832
833	!
834	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
835	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
836	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
837	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
838	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
839	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
840	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
841	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
842	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
843	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
844	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
845
846	!
847	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
848	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
849	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
850	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
851	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
852	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
853	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
854
855	!
856	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
857	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
858	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
859	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
860
861	!
862	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
863	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
864	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
865	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
866	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
867	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
868	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
869	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
870	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
871
872	!
873	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
874	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
875	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
876	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
877	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
878	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
879	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
880
881	!
882	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
883	i_hub(:) = 0
884	i_smear(:) = 0
885	j_hub(:) = 0
886	j_smear(:) = 0
887	k_hub(:) = 0
888	k_smear(:) = 0
889
890	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
891	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
892
893	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
894	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
895	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
896	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
897	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
898	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
899	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
900	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
901	ENDIF
902
903	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
904	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
905	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
906	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
907	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
908	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
909
910	!
911	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
912	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
913	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
914	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
915	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
916	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
917	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
918	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
919	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
920	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
921	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
922
923	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
924	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
925	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
926	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
927	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
928	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
929
930	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
931	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
932	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
933
934	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
935	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
936	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
937	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
938	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
939	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
940	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
941	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
942
943	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
944	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
945	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
946	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
947	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
948	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
949
950
951	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
952
953
954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
955	! Description:
956	! ------------
957	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
958	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
959	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
960
961
962	USE control_parameters, &
963	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
964
965	IMPLICIT NONE
966
967	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
968	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
969	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
970
971	!
972	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
973	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
974
975	!
976	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
977	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
978	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
979	!
980	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
981	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
982	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
983
984	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
985	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
986	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
987
988	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
989
990	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
991	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
992	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
993	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
994
995	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
996	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
997	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
998	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
999
1000	!
1001	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1002	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1003	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1004	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1005	!
1006	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1007	!-- be calculated:
1008
1009	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1010	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1011	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1012	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1013	!
1014	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1015	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1016	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1017	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1018	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1019	!
1020	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1021	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1022	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1023	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1024	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
1025	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
1026	eps_min) THEN
1027	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1028	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1029	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
1030	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
1031	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1032	ENDIF
1033	!
1034	!-- Square of eps_min:
1035	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1036	!
1037	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1038	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1039	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1040	!
1041	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1042	!-- function:
1043	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1044
1045	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1046	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1047
1048	!
1049	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1050	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1051	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1052	ENDIF
1053
1054
1055	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1056	!
1057	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1058	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1059
1060	!
1061	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1062	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1063	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1064	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1065
1066	!
1067	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1068	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1069	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1070	!-- function of eps_min:
1071	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1072	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1073	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1074
1075	ENDDO
1076
1077	!
1078	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1079	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1080	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1081
1082	CALL wtm_speed_control
1083
1084	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1085
1086	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1087
1088	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1089	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1090	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1091	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1092	ENDIF
1093
1094	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1095	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1096	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1097	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1098	ENDIF
1099
1100	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1101	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1102	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1103	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1104	ENDIF
1105
1106	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1107	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1108	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1109	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1110	ENDIF
1111
1112	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1113	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1114
1115	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1116
1117	ENDIF
1118	ENDIF
1119
1120	END DO
1121
1122	ENDIF
1123
1124	ENDIF
1125
1126	!
1127	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1128	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1129	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1130	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1131	!
1132	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1133	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1134
1135	!
1136	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1137	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1138	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1139
1140	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1141
1142	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1143
1144
1145	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1146	!
1147	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1148	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1149	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1150	i = i_hub(inot)
1151
1152	!
1153	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1154	!-- grid point indices):
1155	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1156	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1157	!
1158	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1159	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1160	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1161	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1162	!-- in grid box 1.
1163	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1164	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1165
1166	!
1167	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1168	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1169	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1170	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1171
1172	!
1173	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1174	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1175	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1176
1177	DO j = nys, nyn
1178	!
1179	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1180	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1181
1182	DO k = nzb, nzt
1183
1184	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1185	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1186	!
1187	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1188	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1189	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1190	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1191	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1192	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1193	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1194	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1195	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1196	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1197	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1198	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1199	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1200	!
1201	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1202	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1203	ELSE
1204	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1205	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1206	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1207	ENDIF
1208	!
1209	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1210	ELSE
1211	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1212	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1213	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1214	ENDIF
1215	!
1216	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1217	!-- are carried out:
1218	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1219
1220	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1221	!
1222	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1223	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1224	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1225	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1226	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1227	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1228	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1229	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1230	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1231	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1232	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1233	!
1234	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1235	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1236	ELSE
1237	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1238	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1239	ENDIF
1240	!
1241	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1242	ELSE
1243	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1244	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1245	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1246
1247	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1248
1249	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1250
1251	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1252
1253	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1254
1255	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1256
1257
1258	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1259
1260	!
1261	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1262	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1263	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1264	!!
1265	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1266	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1267	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1268	!
1269	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1270	!
1271	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1272	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1273	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1274	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1275	!!
1276	!!-- bottom intersection point
1277	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1278	!!
1279	!!-- top intersection point
1280	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1281	! ELSE
1282	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1283	! ENDIF
1284	! ENDDO
1285	!
1286	!
1287	! DO j = nys, nyn
1288	!!
1289	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1290	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1291	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1292	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1293	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1294	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1295	!!
1296	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1297	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1298	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1299	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1300	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1301	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1302	!!
1303	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1304	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1305	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1306	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1307	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1308	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1309	! dz_int = dz
1310	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1311	!!
1312	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1313	!!-- within the current grid box:
1314	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1315	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1316	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1317	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1318	! ENDIF
1319	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1320	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1321	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1322	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1323	! ENDIF
1324	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1325	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1326	! ENDIF
1327	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1328	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1329	! ENDIF
1330	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1331	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1332	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1333	! ENDIF
1334	! ENDDO
1335	! ENDIF
1336	! ENDDO
1337	! ENDIF
1338	!
1339	! ENDDO
1340	!
1341	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1342
1343	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1344
1345	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1346	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1347
1348	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1349
1350	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1351
1352
1353	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1354	! Description:
1355	! ------------
1356	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1357	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1358	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1359	!
1360	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1361
1362
1363	IMPLICIT NONE
1364
1365	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1366	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1367
1368	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1369
1370	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1371
1372	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1373	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1374	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1375	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1376	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1377	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1378	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1379	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1380	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1381	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1382
1383	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1384	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1385	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1386
1387	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1388	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1389
1390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1395
1396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1401
1402	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1403
1404	!
1405	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1406	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1407
1408	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1409
1410	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1411	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1412	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1413	ENDIF
1414	!
1415	!-- Read distribution table:
1416
1417	dlen = 0
1418
1419	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1420
1421	rloop3: DO
1422	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1423	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1424	dlen = dlen + 1
1425	ENDDO rloop3
1426
1427	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1428
1429	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1430	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1431	ENDDO
1432
1433	DO jj = 1,dlen
1434	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1435	ENDDO
1436
1437	!
1438	!-- Read layout table:
1439
1440	dlen = 0
1441
1442	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1443
1444	rloop1: DO
1445	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1446	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1447	dlen = dlen + 1
1448	ENDDO rloop1
1449
1450	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1451	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1452	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1453	ENDDO
1454	DO jj = 1, dlen
1455	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1456	ENDDO
1457
1458	!
1459	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1460
1461	dlen = 0
1462
1463	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1464
1465	rloop2: DO
1466	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1467	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1468	dlen = dlen + 1
1469	ENDDO rloop2
1470
1471	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1472	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1473
1474	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1475	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1476	ENDDO
1477
1478	DO jj = 1,dlen
1479	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1480	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1481	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1482	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1483	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1484	ENDDO
1485
1486	ENDDO
1487
1488	dlenbl = dlen
1489
1490	CLOSE ( 90 )
1491
1492	!
1493	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1494	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1495	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1496	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1497	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1498
1499	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1500	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1501	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1502	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1503
1504	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1505	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1506
1507	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1508	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1509
1510	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1511
1512	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1513	!
1514	!-- Find position in table 1
1515	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1516	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1517
1518	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1519	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1520	ENDIF
1521
1522	trow = lct(1)
1523	!
1524	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1525	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1526	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1527	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1528	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1529
1530	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1531	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1532	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1533	ENDIF
1534
1535	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1536	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1537	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1538	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1539	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1540
1541	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1542	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1543	! explicitly
1544	ELSE
1545	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1546	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1547	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1548	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1549	!
1550	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1551	!-- explicitly
1552	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1553	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1554	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1555	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1556	ENDIF
1557
1558	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1559
1560	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1561	ialpha = 1
1562
1563	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1564	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1565	ENDDO
1566
1567	!
1568	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1569	!-- segments and angles of attack
1570
1571	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1572	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1573	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1574	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1575	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1576	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1577	( alpha_attack_i - &
1578	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1579	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1580	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1581	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1582	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1583	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1584	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1585	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1586	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1587	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1588	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1589	( alpha_attack_i - &
1590	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1591	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1592	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1593	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1594	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1595
1596	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1597
1598	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1599
1600
1601	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1602
1603
1604	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1605	! Description:
1606	! ------------
1607	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1608	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1609	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1610	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1611
1612
1613	IMPLICIT NONE
1614
1615	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1616	!
1617	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1618	!-- the rotors
1619	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1620	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1621	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1622
1623	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1624	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1625	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1626
1627	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1628	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1629	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1630
1631	!
1632	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1633	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1634
1635	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1636	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1637	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1638	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1639	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1640	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1641	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1642	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1643	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1644	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1645	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1646	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1647	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1648	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1649	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1650	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1651	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1652	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1653	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1654	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1655	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1656	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1657	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1658	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1659
1660	!
1661	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1662	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1663	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1664	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1665	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1666
1667	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1668
1669
1670	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1671	! Description:
1672	! ------------
1673	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1674	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1675	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1676
1677
1678	IMPLICIT NONE
1679
1680	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1681
1682	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1683	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1684	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1685	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1686	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1687	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1688
1689	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1690	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1691	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1692
1693	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1694	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1695
1696	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1697
1698
1699	!
1700	! Variables for pitch control
1701	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1702
1703	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1704	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1705
1706	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1707
1708
1709	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1710
1711
1712	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1713
1714	!
1715	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1716	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1717	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1718	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1719	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1720	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1721	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1722	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1723	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1724	!
1725	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1726	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1727
1728	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1729	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1730	!
1731	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1732	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1733
1734	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1735	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1736	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1737	!
1738	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1739	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1740
1741	!
1742	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1743	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1744	!
1745	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1746	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1747	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1748	!
1749	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1750	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1751	!-- with y-axis):
1752	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1753	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1754	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1755
1756	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1757	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1758	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1759	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1760	re(3) = sin_rot
1761
1762	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1763	!
1764	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1765	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1766	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1767	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1768
1769	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1770	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1771	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1772	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1773	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1774
1775	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1776	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1777
1778	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1779	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1780
1781	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1782	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1783
1784	!
1785	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1786
1787	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1788	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1789	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1790	!
1791	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1792	!-- the current PE:
1793	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1794	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1795
1796	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1797	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1798	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1799	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1800	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1801	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1802	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1803	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1804	gg = dx * dy
1805
1806	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1807	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1808	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1809	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1810	) / gg
1811
1812	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1813	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1814	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1815	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1816	) / gg
1817
1818	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1819	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1820	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1821
1822	ELSE
1823	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1824	ENDIF
1825	ELSE
1826	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1827	ENDIF
1828
1829
1830	!
1831	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1832	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1833	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1834	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1835	!
1836	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1837	!-- the current PE:
1838	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1839	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1840
1841	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1842	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1843	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1844	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1845	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1846	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1847	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1848	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1849	gg = dx * dy
1850
1851	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1852	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1853	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1854	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1855	) / gg
1856
1857	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1858	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1859	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1860	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1861	) / gg
1862
1863	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1864	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1865	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1866
1867	ELSE
1868	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1869	ENDIF
1870	ELSE
1871	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1872	ENDIF
1873
1874
1875	!
1876	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1877	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1878	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1879	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1880	!
1881	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1882	!-- the current PE:
1883	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1884	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1885
1886	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1887	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1888	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1889	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1890	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1891	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1892	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1893	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1894	gg = dx * dy
1895
1896	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1897	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1898	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1899	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1900	) / gg
1901
1902	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1903	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1904	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1905	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1906	) / gg
1907
1908	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1909	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1910	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1911	ELSE
1912	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1913	ENDIF
1914	ELSE
1915	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1916	ENDIF
1917
1918	ENDDO
1919	ENDDO
1920
1921	ENDDO
1922
1923	!
1924	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1925	#if defined( __parallel )
1926	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1927	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1928	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1929	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1930	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1931	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1932	#else
1933	u_int = u_int_1_l
1934	v_int = v_int_1_l
1935	w_int = w_int_1_l
1936	#endif
1937
1938
1939	!
1940	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1941
1942	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1943	pit_loop: DO
1944
1945	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1946	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1947	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1948	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1949	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1950	ELSE
1951	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1952	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1953	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1954	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1955	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1956	ENDIF
1957	ENDIF
1958
1959	!
1960	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1961	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1962	!
1963	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1964	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1965	!
1966	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1967	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1968	!
1969	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1970	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1971	!-- with y-axis):
1972	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1973	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1974	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1975	!
1976	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1977	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1978	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1979	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1980	re(3) = sin_rot
1981
1982	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1983	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1984	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1985	rea(3) = cos_rot
1986
1987	!
1988	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1989	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1990	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1991	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1992	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1993	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1994	!
1995	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1996	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1997	!-- tilt:
1998	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1999	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2000	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2001	!
2002	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2003	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2004
2005	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2006
2007	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2008
2009	!
2010	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2011	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2012	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2013	!
2014	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2015	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2016	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2017	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2018	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2019	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2020	!
2021	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2022	!
2023	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2024	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2025	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2026	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2027	!
2028	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2029	!-- direction:
2030	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2031	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2032	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2033	!
2034	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2035	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2036
2037	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2038	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2039	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2040
2041	!
2042	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2043	!-- to the current radial position:
2044
2045	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2046	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2047
2048	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2049	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2050	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2051	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2052	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2053	ELSE
2054	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2055	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2056	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2057	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2058	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2059	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2060	ENDIF
2061
2062	!
2063	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2064	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2065	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2066	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2067	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2068	!
2069	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2070	!-- angle of attack:
2071	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2072	!
2073	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2074	!-- to angles given in degree:
2075	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2076	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2077	!
2078	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2079	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2080
2081	!
2082	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2083	!-- to the rotor:
2084	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2085	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2086	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2087
2088	!
2089	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2090	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2091	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2092	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2093
2094	!
2095	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2096	!-- the current radial position:
2097
2098	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2099	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2100	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2101	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2102	ELSE
2103	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2104	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2105	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2106	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2107	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2108	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2109	ENDIF
2110
2111	!
2112	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2113	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2114	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2115	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2116	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2117	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2118	!
2119	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2120	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2121	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2122	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2123	!
2124	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2125	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2126	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2127	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2128
2129	!
2130	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2131	!-- angles given in radian:
2132	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2133	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2134
2135	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2136
2137	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2138	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2139	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2140	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2141	!--
2142	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2143	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2144	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2145
2146	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2147
2148	ENDIF
2149	!
2150	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2151	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2152	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2153
2154	!
2155	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2156
2157	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2158	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2159
2160	!
2161	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2162	!-- for each ring segment:
2163	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2164	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2165	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2166
2167	!
2168	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2169	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2170	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2171	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2172	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2173	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2174	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2175	!
2176	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2177	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2178	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2179
2180	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2181	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2182
2183	!
2184	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2185	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2186	thrust_seg(rseg)
2187
2188
2189	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2190
2191	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2192
2193	!
2194	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2195	!-- each ring:
2196	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2197	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2198	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2199
2200
2201	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2202
2203
2204	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2205
2206
2207	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2208	!
2209	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2210
2211	!
2212	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2213	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2214	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2215	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2216	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2217	( inertia_rot + &
2218	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2219
2220	!
2221	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2222	!-- and rotor speed
2223	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2224
2225	ENDIF
2226
2227	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2228
2229	!
2230	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2231	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2232	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2233	!-- gain
2234	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2235	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2236	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2237	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2238	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2239	!
2240	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2241	CYCLE pit_loop
2242	ENDIF
2243
2244	!
2245	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2246	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2247	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2248	ENDIF
2249	EXIT pit_loop
2250	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2251
2252
2253	!
2254	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2255
2256	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2257	!
2258	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2259	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2260	THEN
2261	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2262	THEN
2263	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2264	ENDIF
2265	ENDIF
2266
2267	ENDIF
2268
2269
2270	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2271
2272	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2273
2274
2275	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2276	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2277	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2278	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2279	!
2280	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2281	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2282	!
2283	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2284	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2285	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2286	!-- consideration
2287	!
2288	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2289	!-- of the model domain:
2290	!
2291	!--
2292	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2293	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2294	eps_min ) / dx )
2295	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2296	eps_min ) / dy )
2297
2298	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2299	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2300	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2301	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2302	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2303	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2304	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2305	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2306	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2307	!
2308	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2309	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2310
2311	!
2312	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2313	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2314	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2315	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2316	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2317	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2318	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2319	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2320	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2321	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2322	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2323
2324	!
2325	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2326	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2327	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2328	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2329	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2330	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2331	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2332	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2333	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2334	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2335	flag
2336	ENDIF
2337	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2338	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2339	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2340	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2341	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2342	flag
2343	ENDIF
2344	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2345	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2346	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2347	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2348	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2349	flag
2350	ENDIF
2351
2352	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2353	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2354
2355	!
2356	!-- Rotation of force components:
2357	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2358	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2359	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2360	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2361	) * flag
2362
2363	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2364	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2365	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2366	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2367	) * flag
2368
2369	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2370	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2371	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2372	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2373	) * flag
2374
2375	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2376	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2377	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2378
2379	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2380
2381	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2382
2383
2384	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2385	!
2386	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2387	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2388	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2389	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2390	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2391	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2392	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2393
2394	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2395	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2396	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2397	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2398	start_up = .FALSE.
2399	ENDIF
2400
2401	!
2402	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2403	!--
2404	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2405	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2406	!
2407	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2408	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2409	THEN
2410	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2411	THEN
2412
2413	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2414
2415	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2416	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2417	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2418	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2419	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2420
2421	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2422
2423	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2424
2425	ENDIF
2426	ENDIF
2427
2428	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2429
2430	!
2431	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2432	#if defined( __parallel )
2433	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2434	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2435	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2436	comm2d, ierr )
2437	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2438	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2439	#else
2440	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2441	wdir = wdir_l
2442	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2443
2444
2445	#endif
2446	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2447	!
2448	!-- Update rotor orientation
2449	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2450
2451	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2452
2453	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2454
2455	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2456	!
2457	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2458	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2459	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2460	#if defined( __parallel )
2461	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2462	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2463	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2464	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2465	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2466	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2467	#else
2468	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2469	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2470	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2471	#endif
2472
2473	ENDIF
2474
2475	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2476
2477	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2478	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2479	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2480	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2481	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2482	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2483	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2484	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2485	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2486	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2487
2488	ELSE
2489
2490	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2491	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2492	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2493	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2494	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2495	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2496	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2497	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2498	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2499	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2500	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2501	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2502	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2503	ENDIF
2504	ENDIF
2505
2506	!-- Set open flag
2507	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2508	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2509
2510	ENDIF
2511
2512	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2513
2514	!
2515	!-- Formats
2516	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2517	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2518	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2519	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2520	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2521
2522	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2523	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2524
2525
2526	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2527
2528
2529	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2530	! Description:
2531	! ------------
2532	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2533	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2534	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2535
2536	USE kinds
2537
2538	IMPLICIT NONE
2539
2540	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2541	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2542	REAL(wp) :: missal
2543
2544	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2545
2546	!
2547	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2548	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2549	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2550	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2551	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2552	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2553	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2554	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2555	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2556	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2557	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2558	!
2559	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2560	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2561	!
2562	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2563	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2564	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2565	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2566	!
2567	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2568	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2569
2570	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2571	!
2572	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2573	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2574	!
2575	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2576	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2577	!
2578	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2579	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2580	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2581	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2582	ENDIF
2583	ENDIF
2584
2585	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2586
2587	!
2588	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2589	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2590	!-- than min_miss
2591
2592	ELSE
2593	!
2594	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2595	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2596	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2597	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2598	!
2599	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2600	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2601	!
2602	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2603	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2604	!
2605	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2606	!-- yaw direction is still right
2607	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2608	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2609	!
2610	!-- Continue yawing
2611	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2612	ELSE
2613	!
2614	!-- Stop yawing
2615	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2616	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2617	ENDIF
2618	ELSE
2619	!
2620	!-- Continue yawing
2621	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2622	ENDIF
2623
2624	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2625
2626	ENDIF
2627
2628	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2629
2630
2631	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2632	! Description:
2633	! ------------
2634	!> Initialization of the speed control
2635	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2636	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2637
2638
2639	IMPLICIT NONE
2640
2641	!
2642	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2643	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2644	!
2645	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2646	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2647	!
2648	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2649	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2650	!
2651	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2652	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2653	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2654	!
2655	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2656	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2657	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2658	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2659	!
2660	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2661	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2662	!
2663	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2664	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2665	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2666	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2667	ENDIF
2668
2669	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2670
2671
2672	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2673	! Description:
2674	! ------------
2675	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2676	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2677	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2678
2679
2680	IMPLICIT NONE
2681
2682	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2683
2684
2685
2686	!
2687	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2688	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2689	!-- offshore system developement"
2690
2691	!
2692	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2693	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2694	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2695	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2696	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2697
2698	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2699	!
2700	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2701	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2702
2703	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2704	!
2705	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2706	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2707
2708	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2709	!
2710	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2711	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2712	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2713
2714	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2715	!
2716	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2717	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2718
2719	ELSE
2720	!
2721	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2722	!-- keep the power constant:
2723	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2724
2725	ENDIF
2726	!
2727	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2728	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2729	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2730	!
2731	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2732	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2733	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2734	!
2735	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2736	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2737
2738
2739	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2740
2741
2742	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2743	! Description:
2744	! ------------
2745	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2746	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2747	!> Call for all grid points
2748	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2749	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2750
2751
2752	IMPLICIT NONE
2753
2754	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2755	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2756	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2757	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2758
2759
2760	SELECT CASE ( component )
2761
2762	CASE ( 1 )
2763	!
2764	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2765	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2766	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2767	DO j = nysg, nyng
2768	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2769	!
2770	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2771	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2772	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2773	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2774	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2775
2776	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2777	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2778	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2779	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2780	ENDDO
2781	ENDDO
2782	ENDDO
2783	ENDIF
2784
2785	CASE ( 2 )
2786	!
2787	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2788	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2789	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2790	DO j = nysg, nyng
2791	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2792	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2793	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2794	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2795	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2796	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2797	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2798	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2799	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2800	ENDDO
2801	ENDDO
2802	ENDDO
2803	ENDIF
2804
2805	CASE ( 3 )
2806	!
2807	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2808	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2809	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2810	DO j = nysg, nyng
2811	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2812	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2813	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2814	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2815	ENDDO
2816	ENDDO
2817	ENDDO
2818	ENDIF
2819
2820
2821	CASE DEFAULT
2822
2823	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2824	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2825
2826	END SELECT
2827
2828
2829	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2830
2831
2832	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2833	! Description:
2834	! ------------
2835	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2836	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2837	!> Call for grid point i,j
2838	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2839	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2840
2841
2842	IMPLICIT NONE
2843
2844	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2845	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2846	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2847	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2848
2849	SELECT CASE ( component )
2850
2851	CASE ( 1 )
2852	!
2853	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2854	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2855	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2856	!
2857	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2858	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2859	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2860	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2861	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2862	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2863	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2864	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2865	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2866	ENDDO
2867	ENDIF
2868
2869	CASE ( 2 )
2870	!
2871	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2872	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2873	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2874	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2875	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2876	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2877	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2878	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2879	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2880	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2881	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2882	ENDDO
2883	ENDIF
2884
2885	CASE ( 3 )
2886	!
2887	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2888	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2889	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2890	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2891	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2892	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2893	ENDDO
2894	ENDIF
2895
2896
2897	CASE DEFAULT
2898
2899	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2900	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2901
2902	END SELECT
2903
2904
2905	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2906
2907	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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