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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2956

Last change on this file since 2956 was 2932, checked in by maronga, 7 years ago
renamed all Fortran NAMELISTS
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch $
28	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
29	!
30	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
31	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
32	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
33	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
34	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
35	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
36	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
37	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
38	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
39	! restart data is read
40	!
41	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
42	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
43	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
44	! turbine model
45	!
46	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
47	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
48	! case of restart runs
49	!
50	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
51	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
52	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
53	!
54	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
55	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
56	!
57	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
58	! Change in file header (GPL part)
59	!
60	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
61	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
62	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
63	!
64	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
65	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
66	! parameters during reading restart data
67	!
68	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
69	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
70	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
71	! defined
72	!
73	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
74	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
75	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
76	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
77	!
78	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
79	! Revise error message PA0462
80	!
81	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
82	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
83	!
84	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
85	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
86	!
87	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
88	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
89	!
90	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
91	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
92	!
93	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
94	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
95	!
96	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
97	!
98	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
99	! Adjustments to new topography concept
100	!
101	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
102	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
103	! Addition of a tip loss model
104	!
105	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
106	! Bugfix of pitch control
107	!
108	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
109	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
110	!
111	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
112	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
113	!
114	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
115	! Initial revision
116	!
117	!
118	! Description:
119	! ------------
120	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
121	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
122	!> (ADM-R).
123	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
124	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
125	!> yaw.
126	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
127	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
128	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
129	!> automatically).
130	!>
131	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
132	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
133	!> @todo Generate header information
134	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
135	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
136	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
137	!> @todo Include additional output variables
138	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
139	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
140	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
141	!
142	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
143	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
144
145	USE arrays_3d, &
146	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
147
148	USE constants, &
149	ONLY: pi
150
151	USE control_parameters, &
152	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
153	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
154
155	USE cpulog, &
156	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
157
158	USE grid_variables, &
159	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
160
161	USE indices, &
162	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
163	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
164
165	USE kinds
166
167	USE pegrid
168
169
170	IMPLICIT NONE
171
172	PRIVATE
173
174	!
175	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
176
177	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
178	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
179
180	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
181	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
182	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
183	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
184
185	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
186	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
187	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
188	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
189	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
190	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
191
192	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
193	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
194	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
195	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
196	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
197	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
198	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
199	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
200	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
201	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
202	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
203
204	!
205	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
206	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
207
208	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
209	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
210	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
211	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
212	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
213	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
214	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
215	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
216	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
217	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
218	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
219	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
220	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
221	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
222
223
224	!
225	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
226
227	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
228	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
229	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
230
231	!
232	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
233	TYPE file_status
234	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
235	END TYPE file_status
236
237	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
238	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
239
240	!
241	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
242
243	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
244	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
245	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
246	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
247	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
248	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
249
250	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
251
252	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
253	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
254	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
255	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
256	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
257	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
258	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
259	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
260
261	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
262
263	!
264	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
265	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
266	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
267	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
268	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
269	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
270	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
271	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
272
273	!
274	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
279
280	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
281	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
282
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
285
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
288
289	!
290	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
291
292	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
293	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
294	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
295	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
296	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
297	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
298	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
299	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
300	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
301	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
302	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
303	!
304	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
305	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
306	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
307	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
308	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
309
310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
319
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
322
323	!
324	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
331
332	!
333	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
337
338	!
339	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
343
344	!
345	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
349
350	!
351	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
355	!
356	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
358
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
368
369	!
370	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
371
372	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
373
374	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
375	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
376	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
377	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
378	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
379	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
380	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
381	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
382
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
384
385	!
386	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
387
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
398	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
399	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
400	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
401
402	!
403	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
411
412
413	SAVE
414
415
416	INTERFACE wtm_parin
417	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
418	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
419
420	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
421	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
422	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
423
424	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
425	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
426	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
427
428	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
429	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
430	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
431
432	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
433	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
434	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
435
436	INTERFACE wtm_init
437	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
438	END INTERFACE wtm_init
439
440	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
441	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
442	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
443
444	INTERFACE wtm_forces
445	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
446	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
447
448	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
449	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
450	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
451
452	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
453	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
454	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
455
456	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
457	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
458	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
459	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
460
461	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
462	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
463	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
464	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
465
466
467	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
468	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
469
470
471	CONTAINS
472
473
474	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
475	! Description:
476	! ------------
477	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
478	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
479	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
480
481
482	IMPLICIT NONE
483
484	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
485
486	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
487
488	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
489	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
490	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
491	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
492	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
493	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
494	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
495	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
496	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
497	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
498
499	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
500	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
501	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
502	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
503	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
504	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
505	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
506	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
507	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
508	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
509	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
510	!
511	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
512	REWIND ( 11 )
513	line = ' '
514	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
515	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
516	ENDDO
517	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
518
519	!
520	!-- Read user-defined namelist
521	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, IOSTAT=ierrn )
522
523	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
524	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST found: ' // &
525	'End of file has reached'
526	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
527	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
528	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST: ' // &
529	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
530	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
531	ENDIF
532
533	!
534	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
535	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
536
537	GOTO 12
538
539	!
540	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
541	10 REWIND ( 11 )
542	line = ' '
543	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
544	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
545	ENDDO
546	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
547
548	!
549	!-- Read user-defined namelist
550	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
551
552	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
553	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
554	'End of file has reached'
555	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
556	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
557	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
558	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
559	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
560	ENDIF
561
562	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
563	'be removed in near future. Please &use namelist ' // &
564	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
565	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
566
567	!
568	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
569	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
570
571	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
572
573
574	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
575
576
577	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
578	! Description:
579	! ------------
580	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
581	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
582	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
583
584
585	IMPLICIT NONE
586
587
588	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
589	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
590
591	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
592	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
593
594	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
595	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
596
597	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
598	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
599
600	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
601	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
602
603	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
604	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
605
606	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
607	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
608
609	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
610	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
611
612	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
613	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
614
615	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
616	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
617
618
619	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
620
621
622	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
623	! Description:
624	! ------------
625	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
626	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
627	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
628
629
630	USE control_parameters, &
631	ONLY: length, restart_string
632
633
634	IMPLICIT NONE
635
636	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
637
638
639	found = .TRUE.
640
641
642	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
643
644	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
645	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
646	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
647	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
648	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
649	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
650	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
651	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
652	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
653	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
654	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
655	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
656	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
657	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
658	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
659	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
660	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
661	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
662	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
663	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
664
665	CASE DEFAULT
666
667	found = .FALSE.
668
669	END SELECT
670
671
672	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
673
674
675	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
676	! Description:
677	! ------------
678	!> Check namelist parameter
679	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
680	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
681
682
683	IMPLICIT NONE
684
685	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
686	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
687	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
688	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
689	ENDIF
690
691	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
692	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
693	'a value equal or larger than zero'
694	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
695	ENDIF
696
697
698	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
699	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
700	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
701
702	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
703	'have to be given for each turbine.'
704	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
705
706	ENDIF
707
708
709	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
710
711
712	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
713	! Description:
714	! ------------
715	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
716	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
717	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
718
719
720	IMPLICIT NONE
721
722	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
723	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
724
725	!
726	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
727	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
728
729	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
730	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
731
732	nrings(:) = 0
733	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
734
735	!
736	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
737	delta_r_factor = segment_width
738	delta_t_factor = segment_length
739	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
740
741	DO inot = 1, nturbines
742	!
743	!-- Determine number of rings:
744	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
745
746	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
747
748	ENDDO
749
750	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
751
752	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
753	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
754
755	nsegs(:,:) = 0
756	nsegs_total(:) = 0
757
758
759	DO inot = 1, nturbines
760	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
761	!
762	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
763	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
764	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
765	delta_t_factor ) )
766	ENDDO
767	!
768	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
769	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
770
771	ENDDO
772
773	!
774	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
775	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
776
777	!!
778	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
779	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
780	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
781	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
782	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
783	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
784	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
785	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
786	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
787	! ENDIF
788
789
790	!
791	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
792	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
793	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
794	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
795	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
796	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
797	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
798	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
799	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
800
801	!
802	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
803	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
804	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
805	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
806	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
807	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
808	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
809
810	!
811	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
812	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
813	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
814	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
815	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
816	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
817	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
818	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
819	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
820	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
821	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
822
823	!
824	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
825	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
826	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
827	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
828	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
829	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
830	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
831
832	!
833	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
834	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
835	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
836	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
837
838	!
839	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
840	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
841	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
842	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
843	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
844	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
845	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
846	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
847	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
848
849	!
850	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
851	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
852	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
853	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
854	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
855	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
856	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
857
858	!
859	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
860	i_hub(:) = 0
861	i_smear(:) = 0
862	j_hub(:) = 0
863	j_smear(:) = 0
864	k_hub(:) = 0
865	k_smear(:) = 0
866
867	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
868	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
869
870	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
871	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
872	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
873	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
874	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
875	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
876	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
877	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
878	ENDIF
879
880	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
881	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
882	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
883
884	!
885	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
886	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
887	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
888	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
889	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
890	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
891	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
892	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
893	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
894	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
895	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
896
897	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
898	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
899	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
900	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
901	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
902	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
903
904	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
905	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
906	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
907
908	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
909	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
910	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
911	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
912	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
913	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
914	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
915	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
916
917	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
918	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
919	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
920	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
921	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
922	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
923
924
925	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
926
927
928	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
929	! Description:
930	! ------------
931	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
932	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
933	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
934
935
936	IMPLICIT NONE
937
938	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
939	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
940	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
941
942	!
943	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
944	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
945
946	!
947	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
948	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
949	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
950	!
951	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
952	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
953	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
954
955	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
956	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
957	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
958
959	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
960
961	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
962	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
963	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
964	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
965
966	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
967	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
968	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
969	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
970
971	!
972	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
973	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
974	!-- (smearing of the forces)
975	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
976	!
977	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
978	!-- be calculated:
979
980	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
981	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
982	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
983	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
984	!
985	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
986	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
987	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
988	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
989	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
990	!
991	!-- Square of eps_min:
992	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
993	!
994	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
995	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
996	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
997	!
998	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
999	!-- function:
1000	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1001
1002	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1003	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1004
1005	!
1006	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1007	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1008	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1009	ENDIF
1010
1011
1012	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1013	!
1014	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1015	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1016
1017	!
1018	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1019	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1020	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1021	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
1022
1023	!
1024	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1025	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1026	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1027	!-- function of eps_min:
1028	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1029	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1030	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
1031
1032	ENDDO
1033
1034	!
1035	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1036	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1037	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1038
1039	CALL wtm_speed_control
1040
1041	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1042
1043	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1044
1045	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1046	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1047	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1048	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1049	ENDIF
1050
1051	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1052	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1053	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1054	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1055	ENDIF
1056
1057	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1058	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1059	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1060	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1061	ENDIF
1062
1063	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1064	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1065	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1066	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1067	ENDIF
1068
1069	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1070	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1071
1072	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1073
1074	ENDIF
1075	ENDIF
1076
1077	END DO
1078
1079	ENDIF
1080
1081	ENDIF
1082
1083	!
1084	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1085	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1086	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1087	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1088	!
1089	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1090	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1091
1092	!
1093	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1094	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1095	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1096
1097	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1098
1099	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1100
1101
1102	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1103	!
1104	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1105	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1106	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1107	i = i_hub(inot)
1108
1109	!
1110	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1111	!-- grid point indices):
1112	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1113	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1114	!
1115	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1116	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1117	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1118	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1119	!-- in grid box 1.
1120	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1121	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1122
1123	!
1124	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1125	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1126	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1127	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1128
1129	!
1130	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1131	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1132	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1133
1134	DO j = nys, nyn
1135	!
1136	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1137	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1138
1139	DO k = nzb, nzt
1140
1141	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1142	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1143	!
1144	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1145	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1146	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1147	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1148	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1149	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1150	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1151	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1152	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1153	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1154	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1155	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1156	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1157	!
1158	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1159	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1160	ELSE
1161	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1162	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1163	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1164	ENDIF
1165	!
1166	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1167	ELSE
1168	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1169	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1170	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1171	ENDIF
1172	!
1173	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1174	!-- are carried out:
1175	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1176
1177	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1178	!
1179	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1180	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1181	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1182	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1183	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1184	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1185	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1186	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1187	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1188	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1189	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1190	!
1191	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1192	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1193	ELSE
1194	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1195	ENDIF
1196	!
1197	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1198	ELSE
1199	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
1200	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1201	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1202
1203	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1204
1205	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1206
1207	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1208
1209	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1210
1211	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1212
1213
1214	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1215
1216	!
1217	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1218	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1219	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1220	!!
1221	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1222	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1223	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1224	!
1225	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1226	!
1227	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1228	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1229	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1230	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1231	!!
1232	!!-- bottom intersection point
1233	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1234	!!
1235	!!-- top intersection point
1236	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1237	! ELSE
1238	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1239	! ENDIF
1240	! ENDDO
1241	!
1242	!
1243	! DO j = nys, nyn
1244	!!
1245	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1246	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1247	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1248	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1249	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1250	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1251	!!
1252	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1253	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1254	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1255	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1256	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1257	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1258	!!
1259	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1260	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1261	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1262	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1263	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1264	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1265	! dz_int = dz
1266	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1267	!!
1268	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1269	!!-- within the current grid box:
1270	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1271	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1272	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1273	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1274	! ENDIF
1275	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1276	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1277	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1278	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1279	! ENDIF
1280	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1281	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1282	! ENDIF
1283	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1284	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1285	! ENDIF
1286	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1287	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1288	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1289	! ENDIF
1290	! ENDDO
1291	! ENDIF
1292	! ENDDO
1293	! ENDIF
1294	!
1295	! ENDDO
1296	!
1297	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1298
1299	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1300
1301	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
1302	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1303
1304	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1305
1306	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1307
1308
1309	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1310	! Description:
1311	! ------------
1312	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1313	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1314	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1315	!
1316	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1317
1318
1319	IMPLICIT NONE
1320
1321	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1322	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1323
1324	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1325
1326	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1327
1328	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1329	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1330	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1331	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1332	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1333	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1334	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1335	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1336	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1337	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1338
1339	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1340	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1341	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1342
1343	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1344	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1345
1346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1351
1352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1357
1358	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1359
1360	!
1361	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1362	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1363
1364	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1365
1366	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1367	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1368	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1369	ENDIF
1370	!
1371	!-- Read distribution table:
1372
1373	dlen = 0
1374
1375	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1376
1377	rloop3: DO
1378	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1379	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1380	dlen = dlen + 1
1381	ENDDO rloop3
1382
1383	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1384
1385	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1386	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1387	ENDDO
1388
1389	DO jj = 1,dlen
1390	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1391	ENDDO
1392
1393	!
1394	!-- Read layout table:
1395
1396	dlen = 0
1397
1398	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1399
1400	rloop1: DO
1401	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1402	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1403	dlen = dlen + 1
1404	ENDDO rloop1
1405
1406	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1407	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1408	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1409	ENDDO
1410	DO jj = 1, dlen
1411	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1412	ENDDO
1413
1414	!
1415	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1416
1417	dlen = 0
1418
1419	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1420
1421	rloop2: DO
1422	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1423	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1424	dlen = dlen + 1
1425	ENDDO rloop2
1426
1427	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1428	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1429
1430	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1431	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1432	ENDDO
1433
1434	DO jj = 1,dlen
1435	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1436	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1437	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1438	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1439	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1440	ENDDO
1441
1442	ENDDO
1443
1444	dlenbl = dlen
1445
1446	CLOSE ( 90 )
1447
1448	!
1449	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1450	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1451	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1452	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1453	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1454
1455	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1456	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1457	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1458	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1459
1460	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1461	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1462
1463	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1464	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1465
1466	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1467
1468	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1469	!
1470	!-- Find position in table 1
1471	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1472	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1473
1474	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1475	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1476	ENDIF
1477
1478	trow = lct(1)
1479	!
1480	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1481	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1482	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1483	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1484	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1485
1486	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1487	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1488	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1489	ENDIF
1490
1491	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1492	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1493	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1494	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1495	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1496
1497	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
1498	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1499	! explicitly
1500	ELSE
1501	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1502	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1503	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1504	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1505	!
1506	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1507	!-- explicitly
1508	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1509	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1510	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1511	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1512	ENDIF
1513
1514	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1515
1516	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1517	ialpha = 1
1518
1519	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1520	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1521	ENDDO
1522
1523	!
1524	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1525	!-- segments and angles of attack
1526	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1527	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1528	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1529	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1530	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1531	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1532	( alpha_attack_i - &
1533	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1534	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1535	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1536	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1537	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1538	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1539	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1540	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1541	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1542	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1543	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1544	( alpha_attack_i - &
1545	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1546	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1547	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1548	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1549	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1550
1551	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1552
1553	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1554
1555
1556	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1557
1558
1559	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1560	! Description:
1561	! ------------
1562	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1563	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1564	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1565	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1566
1567
1568	IMPLICIT NONE
1569
1570	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1571	!
1572	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1573	!-- the rotors
1574	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1575	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1576	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1577
1578	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1579	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1580	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1581
1582	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1583	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1584	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1585
1586	!
1587	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1588	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1589
1590	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1591	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1592	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1593	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1594	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1595	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1596	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1597	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1598	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1599	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1600	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1601	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1602	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1603	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1604	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1605	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1606	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1607	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1608	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1609	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1610	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1611	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1612	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1613	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1614
1615	!
1616	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1617	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1618	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1619	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1620	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1621
1622	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1623
1624
1625	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1626	! Description:
1627	! ------------
1628	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1629	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1630	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1631
1632
1633	IMPLICIT NONE
1634
1635	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1636
1637	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1638	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1639	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1640	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1641	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1642	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1643
1644	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1645	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1646	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1647
1648	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1649	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1650
1651	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1652
1653
1654	!
1655	! Variables for pitch control
1656	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1657	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1658
1659	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1660	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1661
1662	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1663
1664
1665	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1666
1667
1668	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1669
1670	!
1671	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1672	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1673	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1674	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1675	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1676	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1677	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1678	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1679	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1680	!
1681	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1682	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1683
1684	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1685	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1686	!
1687	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1688	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1689
1690	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1691	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1692	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1693	!
1694	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1695	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1696
1697	!
1698	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1699	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1700	!
1701	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1702	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1703	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1704	!
1705	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1706	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1707	!-- with y-axis):
1708	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1709	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1710	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1711
1712	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1713	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1714	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1715	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1716	re(3) = sin_rot
1717
1718	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1719	!
1720	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1721	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1722	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1723	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1724
1725	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1726	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1727	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1728	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1729	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1730
1731	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1732	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1733
1734	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1735	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1736
1737	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1738	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1739
1740	!
1741	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1742
1743	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1744	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1745	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1746	!
1747	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1748	!-- the current PE:
1749	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1750	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1751
1752	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1753	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1754	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1755	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1756	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1757	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1758	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1759	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1760	gg = dx * dy
1761
1762	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1763	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1764	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1765	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1766	) / gg
1767
1768	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1769	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1770	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1771	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1772	) / gg
1773
1774	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1775	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1776	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1777
1778	ELSE
1779	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1780	ENDIF
1781	ELSE
1782	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1783	ENDIF
1784
1785
1786	!
1787	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1788	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1789	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1790	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1791	!
1792	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1793	!-- the current PE:
1794	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1795	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1796
1797	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1798	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1799	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1800	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1801	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1802	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1803	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1804	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1805	gg = dx * dy
1806
1807	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1808	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1809	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1810	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1811	) / gg
1812
1813	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1814	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1815	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1816	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1817	) / gg
1818
1819	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1820	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1821	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1822
1823	ELSE
1824	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1825	ENDIF
1826	ELSE
1827	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1828	ENDIF
1829
1830
1831	!
1832	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1833	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1834	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1835	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
1836	!
1837	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1838	!-- the current PE:
1839	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1840	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1841
1842	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1843	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1844	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1845	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1846	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1847	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1848	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1849	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1850	gg = dx * dy
1851
1852	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1853	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1854	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1855	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1856	) / gg
1857
1858	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1859	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1860	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1861	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1862	) / gg
1863
1864	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1865	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
1866	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1867	ELSE
1868	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1869	ENDIF
1870	ELSE
1871	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1872	ENDIF
1873
1874	ENDDO
1875	ENDDO
1876
1877	ENDDO
1878
1879	!
1880	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1881	#if defined( __parallel )
1882	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1883	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1884	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1885	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1886	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1887	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1888	#else
1889	u_int = u_int_1_l
1890	v_int = v_int_1_l
1891	w_int = w_int_1_l
1892	#endif
1893
1894
1895	!
1896	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1897
1898	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1899	pit_loop: DO
1900
1901	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1902	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1903	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1904	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1905	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1906	ELSE
1907	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1908	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1909	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1910	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1911	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1912	ENDIF
1913	ENDIF
1914
1915	!
1916	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1917	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1918	!
1919	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1920	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1921	!
1922	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1923	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1924	!
1925	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1926	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1927	!-- with y-axis):
1928	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1929	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1930	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1931	!
1932	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1933	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1934	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1935	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1936	re(3) = sin_rot
1937
1938	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1939	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1940	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1941	rea(3) = cos_rot
1942
1943	!
1944	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1945	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1946	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1947	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1948	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1949	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1950	!
1951	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1952	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1953	!-- tilt:
1954	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1955	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1956	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1957	!
1958	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1959	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1960
1961	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1962
1963	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1964
1965	!
1966	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1967	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1968	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1969	!
1970	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1971	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1972	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1973	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1974	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1975	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1976	!
1977	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1978	!
1979	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1980	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1981	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1982	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1983	!
1984	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1985	!-- direction:
1986	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1987	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1988	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1989	!
1990	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1991	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1992
1993	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1994	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1995	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1996
1997	!
1998	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1999	!-- to the current radial position:
2000
2001	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2002	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2003
2004	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2005	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2006	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2007	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2008	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2009	ELSE
2010	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2011	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2012	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2013	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2014	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2015	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2016	ENDIF
2017
2018	!
2019	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2020	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2021	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2022	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2023	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2024	!
2025	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2026	!-- angle of attack:
2027	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2028	!
2029	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2030	!-- to angles given in degree:
2031	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2032	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2033	!
2034	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2035	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
2036
2037	!
2038	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2039	!-- to the rotor:
2040	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2041	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2042	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2043
2044	!
2045	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2046	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2047	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2048	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2049
2050	!
2051	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2052	!-- the current radial position:
2053
2054	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2055	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2056	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2057	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2058	ELSE
2059	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2060	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2061	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2062	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2063	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2064	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2065	ENDIF
2066
2067	!
2068	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2069	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2070	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2071	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2072	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2073	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2074	!
2075	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2076	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2077	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2078	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2079	!
2080	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2081	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2082	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2083	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2084
2085	!
2086	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2087	!-- angles given in radian:
2088	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2089	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2090
2091	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2092
2093	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2094	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2095	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2096	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2097	!--
2098	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2099	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2100	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2101
2102	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2103
2104	ENDIF
2105	!
2106	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2107	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2108	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2109
2110	!
2111	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2112
2113	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2114	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2115
2116	!
2117	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2118	!-- for each ring segment:
2119	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2120	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2121	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2122
2123	!
2124	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2125	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2126	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2127	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2128	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2129	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2130	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2131	!
2132	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2133	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2134	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2135
2136	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2137	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2138
2139	!
2140	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2141	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2142	thrust_seg(rseg)
2143
2144
2145	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2146
2147	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2148
2149	!
2150	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2151	!-- each ring:
2152	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2153	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2154	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2155
2156
2157	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2158
2159
2160	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2161
2162
2163	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2164	!
2165	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2166
2167	!
2168	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2169	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2170	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2171	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2172	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2173	( inertia_rot + &
2174	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2175
2176	!
2177	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2178	!-- and rotor speed
2179	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2180
2181	ENDIF
2182
2183	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2184
2185	!
2186	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2187	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2188	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2189	!-- gain
2190	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2191	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2192	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2193	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2194	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2195	!
2196	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2197	CYCLE pit_loop
2198	ENDIF
2199
2200	!
2201	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2202	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2203	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2204	ENDIF
2205	EXIT pit_loop
2206	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2207
2208
2209	!
2210	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2211
2212	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2213	!
2214	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2215	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2216	THEN
2217	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2218	THEN
2219	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2220	ENDIF
2221	ENDIF
2222
2223	ENDIF
2224
2225
2226	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2227
2228	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2229
2230
2231	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2232	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2233	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2234	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2235	!
2236	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2237	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2238	!
2239	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2240	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2241	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2242	!-- consideration
2243	!
2244	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2245	!-- of the model domain:
2246	!
2247	!--
2248	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2249	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2250	eps_min ) / dx )
2251	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2252	eps_min ) / dy )
2253
2254	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2255	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2256	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2257	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2258	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2259	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2260	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2261	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2262	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2263	!
2264	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2265	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2266
2267	!
2268	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2269	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2270	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2271	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2272	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2273	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2274	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2275	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2276	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2277	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2278	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2279
2280	!
2281	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2282	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2283	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2284	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2285	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2286	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2287	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2288	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2289	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2290	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2291	flag
2292	ENDIF
2293	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2294	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2295	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2296	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2297	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2298	flag
2299	ENDIF
2300	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2301	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2302	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2303	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2304	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2305	flag
2306	ENDIF
2307
2308	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2309	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2310
2311	!
2312	!-- Rotation of force components:
2313	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2314	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2315	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2316	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2317	) * flag
2318
2319	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2320	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2321	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2322	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2323	) * flag
2324
2325	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2326	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2327	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2328	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2329	) * flag
2330
2331	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2332	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2333	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2334
2335	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2336
2337	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2338
2339
2340	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2341	!
2342	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2343	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2344	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2345	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2346	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2347	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2348	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2349
2350	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2351	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2352	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2353	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2354	start_up = .FALSE.
2355	ENDIF
2356
2357	!
2358	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2359	!--
2360	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2361	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2362	!
2363	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2364	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2365	THEN
2366	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2367	THEN
2368
2369	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2370
2371	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2372	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2373	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2374	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2375	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2376
2377	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2378
2379	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2380
2381	ENDIF
2382	ENDIF
2383
2384	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2385
2386	!
2387	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2388	#if defined( __parallel )
2389	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2390	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2391	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2392	comm2d, ierr )
2393	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2394	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2395	#else
2396	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2397	wdir = wdir_l
2398	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2399
2400
2401	#endif
2402	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2403	!
2404	!-- Update rotor orientation
2405	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2406
2407	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2408
2409	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2410
2411	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2412	!
2413	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2414	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2415	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2416	#if defined( __parallel )
2417	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2418	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2419	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2420	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2421	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2422	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2423	#else
2424	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2425	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2426	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2427	#endif
2428
2429	ENDIF
2430
2431	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2432
2433	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2434	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2435	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2436	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2437	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2438	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2439	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2440	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2441	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2442	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2443
2444	ELSE
2445
2446	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2447	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2448	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2449	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2450	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2451	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2452	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2453	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2454	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2455	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2456	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2457	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2458	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2459	ENDIF
2460	ENDIF
2461
2462	!-- Set open flag
2463	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2464	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2465
2466	ENDIF
2467
2468	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2469
2470	!
2471	!-- Formats
2472	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2473	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2474	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2475	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2476	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2477
2478	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2479	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2480
2481
2482	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2483
2484
2485	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2486	! Description:
2487	! ------------
2488	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2489	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2490	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2491
2492	USE kinds
2493
2494	IMPLICIT NONE
2495
2496	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2497	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2498	REAL(wp) :: missal
2499
2500	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2501
2502	!
2503	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2504	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2505	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2506	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2507	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2508	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2509	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2510	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2511	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2512	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2513	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2514	!
2515	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2516	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2517	!
2518	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2519	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2520	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2521	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2522	!
2523	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2524	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2525
2526	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2527	!
2528	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2529	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2530	!
2531	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2532	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2533	!
2534	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2535	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2536	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2537	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2538	ENDIF
2539	ENDIF
2540
2541	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2542
2543	!
2544	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2545	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2546	!-- than min_miss
2547
2548	ELSE
2549	!
2550	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2551	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2552	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2553	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2554	!
2555	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2556	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2557	!
2558	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2559	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2560	!
2561	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2562	!-- yaw direction is still right
2563	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2564	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2565	!
2566	!-- Continue yawing
2567	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2568	ELSE
2569	!
2570	!-- Stop yawing
2571	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2572	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2573	ENDIF
2574	ELSE
2575	!
2576	!-- Continue yawing
2577	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2578	ENDIF
2579
2580	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2581
2582	ENDIF
2583
2584	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2585
2586
2587	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2588	! Description:
2589	! ------------
2590	!> Initialization of the speed control
2591	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2592	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2593
2594
2595	IMPLICIT NONE
2596
2597	!
2598	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2599	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2600	!
2601	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2602	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2603	!
2604	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2605	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2606	!
2607	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2608	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2609	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2610	!
2611	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2612	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2613	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2614	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2615	!
2616	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2617	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2618	!
2619	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2620	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2621	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2622	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2623	ENDIF
2624
2625	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2626
2627
2628	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2629	! Description:
2630	! ------------
2631	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2632	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2633	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2634
2635
2636	IMPLICIT NONE
2637
2638	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2639
2640
2641
2642	!
2643	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2644	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2645	!-- offshore system developement"
2646
2647	!
2648	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2649	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2650	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2651	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2652	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2653
2654	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2655	!
2656	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2657	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2658
2659	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2660	!
2661	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2662	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2663
2664	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2665	!
2666	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2667	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2668	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2669
2670	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2671	!
2672	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2673	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2674
2675	ELSE
2676	!
2677	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2678	!-- keep the power constant:
2679	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2680
2681	ENDIF
2682	!
2683	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2684	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2685	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2686	!
2687	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2688	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2689	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2690	!
2691	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2692	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2693
2694
2695	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2696
2697
2698	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2699	! Description:
2700	! ------------
2701	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2702	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2703	!> Call for all grid points
2704	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2705	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2706
2707
2708	IMPLICIT NONE
2709
2710	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2711	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2712	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2713	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2714
2715
2716	SELECT CASE ( component )
2717
2718	CASE ( 1 )
2719	!
2720	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2721	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2722	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2723	DO j = nysg, nyng
2724	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2725	!
2726	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2727	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2728	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2729	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2730	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2731
2732	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2733	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2734	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2735	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2736	ENDDO
2737	ENDDO
2738	ENDDO
2739	ENDIF
2740
2741	CASE ( 2 )
2742	!
2743	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2744	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2745	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2746	DO j = nysg, nyng
2747	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2748	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2749	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2750	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2751	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2752	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2753	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2754	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2755	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2756	ENDDO
2757	ENDDO
2758	ENDDO
2759	ENDIF
2760
2761	CASE ( 3 )
2762	!
2763	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2764	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2765	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2766	DO j = nysg, nyng
2767	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2768	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2769	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2770	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2771	ENDDO
2772	ENDDO
2773	ENDDO
2774	ENDIF
2775
2776
2777	CASE DEFAULT
2778
2779	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2780	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2781
2782	END SELECT
2783
2784
2785	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2786
2787
2788	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2789	! Description:
2790	! ------------
2791	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2792	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2793	!> Call for grid point i,j
2794	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2795	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2796
2797
2798	IMPLICIT NONE
2799
2800	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2801	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2802	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2803	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2804
2805	SELECT CASE ( component )
2806
2807	CASE ( 1 )
2808	!
2809	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2810	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2811	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2812	!
2813	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2814	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2815	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2816	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2817	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2818	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2819	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2820	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2821	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2822	ENDDO
2823	ENDIF
2824
2825	CASE ( 2 )
2826	!
2827	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2828	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2829	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2830	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2831	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2832	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2833	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2834	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2835	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2836	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2837	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2838	ENDDO
2839	ENDIF
2840
2841	CASE ( 3 )
2842	!
2843	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2844	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2845	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2846	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2847	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2848	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2849	ENDDO
2850	ENDIF
2851
2852
2853	CASE DEFAULT
2854
2855	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2856	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2857
2858	END SELECT
2859
2860
2861	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2862
2863	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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