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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2787

Last change on this file since 2787 was 2776, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Skipping of module related restart data changed + adapting synthetic turbulence generator to current restart procedure
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 116.5 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z suehring $
28	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
29	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
30	!
31	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
32	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
33	!
34	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
35	! Change in file header (GPL part)
36	!
37	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
38	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
39	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
40	!
41	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
42	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_var_list to skip module
43	! parameters during reading restart data
44	!
45	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
46	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
47	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
48	! defined
49	!
50	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
51	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
52	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
53	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
54	!
55	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
56	! Revise error message PA0462
57	!
58	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
59	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
60	!
61	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
62	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
63	!
64	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
65	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
66	!
67	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
68	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
69	!
70	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
71	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
72	!
73	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
74	!
75	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
76	! Adjustments to new topography concept
77	!
78	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
79	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
80	! Addition of a tip loss model
81	!
82	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
83	! Bugfix of pitch control
84	!
85	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
86	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
87	!
88	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
89	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
90	!
91	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
92	! Initial revision
93	!
94	!
95	! Description:
96	! ------------
97	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
98	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
99	!> (ADM-R).
100	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
101	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
102	!> yaw.
103	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
104	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
105	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
106	!> automatically).
107	!>
108	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
109	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
110	!> @todo Generate header information
111	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
112	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
113	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
114	!> @todo Include additional output variables
115	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
116	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
117	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
118	!
119	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
120	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
121
122	USE arrays_3d, &
123	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
124
125	USE constants, &
126	ONLY: pi
127
128	USE control_parameters, &
129	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
130	wind_turbine, wind_turbine_prerun, initializing_actions
131
132	USE cpulog, &
133	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
134
135	USE grid_variables, &
136	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
137
138	USE indices, &
139	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
140	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
141
142	USE kinds
143
144	USE pegrid
145
146
147	IMPLICIT NONE
148
149	PRIVATE
150
151	!
152	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
153
154	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
155	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
156
157	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
158	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
159	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
160	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
161
162	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
163	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
164	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
165	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
166	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
167	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
168
169	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
170	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
171	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
172	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
173	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
174	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
175	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
176	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
177	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
179	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
180
181	!
182	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
183	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
184
185	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
186	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
187	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
188	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
189	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
190	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
191	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
192	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
193	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
194	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
195	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
196	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
197	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
198	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
199
200
201	!
202	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
203
204	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
205	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
206	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
207
208	!
209	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
210	TYPE file_status
211	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
212	END TYPE file_status
213
214	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
215	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
216
217	!
218	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
219
220	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
221	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
222	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
223	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
224	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
225	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
226
227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
228
229	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
230	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
232	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
233	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
234	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
235	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
237
238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
239
240	!
241	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
242	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
243	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
244	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
245	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
246	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
247	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
248	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
249
250	!
251	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
256
257	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
258	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
259
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
262
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
265
266	!
267	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
268
269	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
270	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
271	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
272	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
273	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
274	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
275	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
276	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
277	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
278	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
279	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
280	!
281	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
282	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
283	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
284	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
285	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
286
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
296
297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
299
300	!
301	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
308
309	!
310	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
314
315	!
316	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
320
321	!
322	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
326
327	!
328	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
332	!
333	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
335
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
345
346	!
347	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
348
349	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
350
351	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
352	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
353	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
354	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
355	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
356	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
357	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
358	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
359
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
361
362	!
363	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
364
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
375	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
376	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
377	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
378
379	!
380	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
388
389
390	SAVE
391
392
393	INTERFACE wtm_parin
394	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
395	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
396
397	INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
398	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_skip_var_list
399	END INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
400
401	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
402	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
403	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
404
405	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
406	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
407	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
408
409	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
410	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
411	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
412
413	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
414	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
415	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
416
417	INTERFACE wtm_init
418	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
419	END INTERFACE wtm_init
420
421	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
422	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
423	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
424
425	INTERFACE wtm_forces
426	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
427	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
428
429	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
430	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
431	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
432
433	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
434	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
435	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
436
437	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
438	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
439	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
440	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
441
442	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
443	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
444	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
445	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
446
447
448	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
449	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies, wtm_skip_var_list
450
451
452	CONTAINS
453
454
455	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
456	! Description:
457	! ------------
458	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
459	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
460	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
461
462
463	IMPLICIT NONE
464
465	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
466
467	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
468
469	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
470	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
471	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
472	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
473	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
474	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
475	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
476	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
477	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
478	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
479
480	!
481	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
482	REWIND ( 11 )
483	line = ' '
484	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
485	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
486	ENDDO
487	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
488
489	!
490	!-- Read user-defined namelist
491	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
492
493	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
494	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
495	'End of file has reached'
496	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
497	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
498	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
499	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
500	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
501	ENDIF
502
503	!
504	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
505	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
506
507	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
508	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
509	ENDIF
510
511	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
512
513
514	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
515
516
517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
518	! Description:
519	! ------------
520	!> Skipping the wind turbine module variables from restart-file (binary format).
521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
522	SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
523
524	IMPLICIT NONE
525
526	CHARACTER (LEN=1) :: cdum
527	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr
528
529	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
530
531	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
532
533	READ ( 13 ) cdum
534	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
535
536	ENDDO
537
538	END SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
539
540
541	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
542	! Description:
543	! ------------
544	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
545	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
546	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
547
548	IMPLICIT NONE
549
550	wind_turbine_prerun = .TRUE.
551
552	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
553	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
554	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
555	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
556	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
557	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
558	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
559	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
560	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
561	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
562	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
563	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
564	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
565	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
566	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
567	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
568	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
569	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
570	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
571	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
572	WRITE ( 14 ) 'wind_turbine_prerun '
573	WRITE ( 14 ) wind_turbine_prerun
574
575	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
576
577	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
578
579
580	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
581	! Description:
582	! ------------
583	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
584	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
585	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
586
587
588	IMPLICIT NONE
589
590	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
591
592
593	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
594	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
595
596	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
597
598	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
599	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
600	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
601	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
602	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
603	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
604	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
605	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
606	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
607	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
608	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
609	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
610	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
611	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
612	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
613	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
614	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
615	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
616	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
617	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
618	CASE ( 'wind_turbine_prerun' )
619	READ ( 13 ) wind_turbine_prerun
620
621	END SELECT
622
623	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
624
625	ENDDO
626
627	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
628
629
630	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
631	! Description:
632	! ------------
633	!> Check namelist parameter
634	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
635	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
636
637
638	IMPLICIT NONE
639
640	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
641	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
642	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
643	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
644	ENDIF
645
646	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
647	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
648	'a value larger than or equal to zero'
649	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
650	ENDIF
651
652
653	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
654	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
655	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
656
657	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
658	'have to be given for each turbine.'
659	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
660
661	ENDIF
662
663
664	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
665
666
667	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
668	! Description:
669	! ------------
670	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
671	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
672	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
673
674
675	IMPLICIT NONE
676
677	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
678	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
679
680	!
681	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
682	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
683
684	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
685	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
686
687	nrings(:) = 0
688	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
689
690	!
691	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
692	delta_r_factor = segment_width
693	delta_t_factor = segment_length
694	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
695
696	DO inot = 1, nturbines
697	!
698	!-- Determine number of rings:
699	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
700
701	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
702
703	ENDDO
704
705	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
706
707	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
708	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
709
710	nsegs(:,:) = 0
711	nsegs_total(:) = 0
712
713
714	DO inot = 1, nturbines
715	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
716	!
717	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
718	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
719	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
720	delta_t_factor ) )
721	ENDDO
722	!
723	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
724	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
725
726	ENDDO
727
728	!
729	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
730	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
731
732	!!
733	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
734	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
735	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
736	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
737	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
738	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
739	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
740	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
741	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
742	! ENDIF
743
744
745	!
746	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
747	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
748	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
749	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
750	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
751	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
752	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
753	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
754	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
755
756	!
757	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
758	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
759	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
760	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
761	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
762	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
763	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
764
765	!
766	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
767	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
768	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
769	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
770	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
771	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
772	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
773	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
774	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
775	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
776	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
777
778	!
779	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
780	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
781	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
782	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
783	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
784	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
785	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
786
787	!
788	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
789	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
790	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
791	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
792
793	!
794	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
795	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
796	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
797	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
798	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
799	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
800	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
801	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
802	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
803
804	!
805	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
806	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
807	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
808	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
809	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
810	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
811	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
812
813	!
814	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
815	i_hub(:) = 0
816	i_smear(:) = 0
817	j_hub(:) = 0
818	j_smear(:) = 0
819	k_hub(:) = 0
820	k_smear(:) = 0
821
822	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
823	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
824
825	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
826	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
827	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
828	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
829	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
830	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
831	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
832	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
833	ENDIF
834
835	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
836	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
837	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
838
839	!
840	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
841	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
842	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
843	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
844	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
845	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
846	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
847	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
848	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
849	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
850	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
851
852	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
853	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
854	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
855	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
856	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
857	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
858
859	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
860	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
861	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
862
863	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
864	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
865	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
866	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
867	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
868	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
869	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
870	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
871
872	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
873	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
874	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
875	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
876	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
877	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
878
879
880	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
881
882
883	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
884	! Description:
885	! ------------
886	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
887	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
888	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
889
890
891	IMPLICIT NONE
892
893	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
894	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
895	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
896
897	!
898	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
899	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
900
901	!
902	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
903	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
904	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
905	!
906	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
907	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
908	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
909
910	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
911	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
912	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
913
914	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
915
916	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
917	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
918	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
919	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
920
921	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
922	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
923	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
924	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
925
926
927	IF ( speed_control) THEN
928
929	CALL wtm_speed_control
930
931	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
932
933	DO inot = 1, nturbines
934
935	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
936	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
937	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
938	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
939	ENDIF
940
941	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
942	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
943	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
944	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
945	ENDIF
946
947	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
948	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
949	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
950	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
951	ENDIF
952
953	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
954	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
955	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
956	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
957	ENDIF
958
959	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
960	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
961
962	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
963
964	ENDIF
965	ENDIF
966
967	END DO
968
969	ENDIF
970
971	ENDIF
972
973	!
974	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
975	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
976	!-- (smearing of the forces)
977	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
978	!
979	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
980	!-- be calculated:
981
982	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
983	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
984	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
985	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
986	!
987	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
988	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
989	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
990	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
991	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
992	!
993	!-- Square of eps_min:
994	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
995	!
996	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
997	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
998	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
999	!
1000	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1001	!-- function:
1002	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1003
1004	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1005	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1006
1007	!
1008	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1009	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1010	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1011	ENDIF
1012
1013
1014	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1015	!
1016	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1017	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1018
1019	!
1020	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1021	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1022	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1023	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
1024
1025	!
1026	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1027	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1028	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1029	!-- function of eps_min:
1030	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1031	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1032	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
1033
1034	ENDDO
1035
1036	!
1037	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1038	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1039	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1040	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1041	!
1042	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1043	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1044
1045	!
1046	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1047	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1048	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1049
1050	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1051
1052	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1053
1054
1055	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1056	!
1057	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1058	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1059	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1060	i = i_hub(inot)
1061
1062	!
1063	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1064	!-- grid point indices):
1065	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1066	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1067	!
1068	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1069	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1070	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1071	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1072	!-- in grid box 1.
1073	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1074	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1075
1076	!
1077	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1078	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1079	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1080	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1081
1082	!
1083	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1084	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1085	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1086
1087	DO j = nys, nyn
1088	!
1089	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1090	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1091
1092	DO k = nzb, nzt
1093
1094	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1095	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1096	!
1097	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1098	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1099	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1100	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1101	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1102	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1103	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1104	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1105	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1106	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1107	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1108	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1109	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1110	!
1111	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1112	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1113	ELSE
1114	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1115	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1116	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1117	ENDIF
1118	!
1119	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1120	ELSE
1121	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1122	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1123	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1124	ENDIF
1125	!
1126	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1127	!-- are carried out:
1128	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1129
1130	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1131	!
1132	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1133	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1134	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1135	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1136	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1137	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1138	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1139	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1140	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1141	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1142	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1143	!
1144	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1145	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1146	ELSE
1147	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1148	ENDIF
1149	!
1150	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1151	ELSE
1152	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
1153	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1154	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1155
1156	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1157
1158	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1159
1160	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1161
1162	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1163
1164	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1165
1166
1167	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1168
1169	!
1170	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1171	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1172	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1173	!!
1174	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1175	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1176	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1177	!
1178	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1179	!
1180	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1181	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1182	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1183	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1184	!!
1185	!!-- bottom intersection point
1186	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1187	!!
1188	!!-- top intersection point
1189	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1190	! ELSE
1191	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1192	! ENDIF
1193	! ENDDO
1194	!
1195	!
1196	! DO j = nys, nyn
1197	!!
1198	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1199	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1200	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1201	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1202	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1203	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1204	!!
1205	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1206	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1207	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1208	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1209	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1210	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1211	!!
1212	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1213	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1214	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1215	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1216	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1217	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1218	! dz_int = dz
1219	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1220	!!
1221	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1222	!!-- within the current grid box:
1223	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1224	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1225	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1226	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1227	! ENDIF
1228	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1229	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1230	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1231	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1232	! ENDIF
1233	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1234	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1235	! ENDIF
1236	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1237	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1238	! ENDIF
1239	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1240	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1241	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1242	! ENDIF
1243	! ENDDO
1244	! ENDIF
1245	! ENDDO
1246	! ENDIF
1247	!
1248	! ENDDO
1249	!
1250	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1251
1252	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1253
1254	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
1255	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1256
1257	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1258
1259	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1260
1261
1262	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1263	! Description:
1264	! ------------
1265	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1266	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1267	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1268	!
1269	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1270
1271
1272	IMPLICIT NONE
1273
1274	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1275	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1276
1277	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1278
1279	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1280
1281	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1282	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1283	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1284	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1285	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1286	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1287	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1288	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1289	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1290	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1291
1292	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1293	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1294	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1295
1296	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1297	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1298
1299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1304
1305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1310
1311	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1312
1313	!
1314	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1315	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1316
1317	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1318
1319	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1320	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1321	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1322	ENDIF
1323	!
1324	!-- Read distribution table:
1325
1326	dlen = 0
1327
1328	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1329
1330	rloop3: DO
1331	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1332	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1333	dlen = dlen + 1
1334	ENDDO rloop3
1335
1336	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1337
1338	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1339	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1340	ENDDO
1341
1342	DO jj = 1,dlen
1343	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1344	ENDDO
1345
1346	!
1347	!-- Read layout table:
1348
1349	dlen = 0
1350
1351	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1352
1353	rloop1: DO
1354	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1355	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1356	dlen = dlen + 1
1357	ENDDO rloop1
1358
1359	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1360	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1361	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1362	ENDDO
1363	DO jj = 1, dlen
1364	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1365	ENDDO
1366
1367	!
1368	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1369
1370	dlen = 0
1371
1372	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1373
1374	rloop2: DO
1375	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1376	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1377	dlen = dlen + 1
1378	ENDDO rloop2
1379
1380	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1381	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1382
1383	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1384	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1385	ENDDO
1386
1387	DO jj = 1,dlen
1388	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1389	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1390	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1391	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1392	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1393	ENDDO
1394
1395	ENDDO
1396
1397	dlenbl = dlen
1398
1399	CLOSE ( 90 )
1400
1401	!
1402	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
1403	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
1404	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1405	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1406	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1407
1408	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1409	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1410	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1411	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1412
1413	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1414	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1415
1416
1417	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1418	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1419
1420
1421	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1422
1423	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1424
1425	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1426	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1427	ialpha = 1
1428
1429	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1430	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1431	ENDDO
1432	!
1433	!-- Find position in table
1434	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1435	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1436
1437	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1438	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1439	ENDIF
1440
1441	trow = lct(1)
1442	!
1443	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
1444	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1445	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1446	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1447	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1448
1449	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1450	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1451	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1452	ENDIF
1453
1454	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1455	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1456	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1457	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1458	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1459	ELSE
1460	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1461	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1462	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1463	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1464	ENDIF
1465
1466	!
1467	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1468	!-- segments and angles of attack
1469	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1470	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1471	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1472	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1473	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1474	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1475	( alpha_attack_i - &
1476	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1477	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1478	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1479	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1480	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1481	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1482	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1483	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1484	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1485	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1486	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1487	( alpha_attack_i - &
1488	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1489	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1490	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1491	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1492	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1493
1494	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1495
1496	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1497
1498	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1499
1500
1501	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1502	! Description:
1503	! ------------
1504	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1505	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1507	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1508
1509
1510	IMPLICIT NONE
1511
1512	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1513	!
1514	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1515	!-- the rotors
1516	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1517	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1518	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1519
1520	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1521	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1522	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1523
1524	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1525	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1526	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1527
1528	!
1529	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1530	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1531
1532	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1533	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1534	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1535	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1536	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1537	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1538	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1539	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1540	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1541	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1542	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1543	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1544	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1545	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1546	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1547	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1548	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1549	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1550	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1551	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1552	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1553	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1554	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1555	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1556
1557	!
1558	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1559	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1560	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1561	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1562	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1563
1564	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1565
1566
1567	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1568	! Description:
1569	! ------------
1570	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1571	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1572	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1573
1574
1575	IMPLICIT NONE
1576
1577	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1578
1579	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1580	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1581	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1582	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1583	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1584	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1585
1586	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1587	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1588	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1589
1590	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1591	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1592
1593	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1594
1595
1596	!
1597	! Variables for pitch control
1598	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1599	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1600
1601	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1602	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1603
1604	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1605
1606
1607	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1608
1609
1610	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1611
1612	!
1613	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1614	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1615	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1616	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1617	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1618	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1619	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1620	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1621	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1622	!
1623	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1624	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1625
1626	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1627	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1628	!
1629	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1630	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1631
1632	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1633	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1634	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1635	!
1636	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1637	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1638
1639	!
1640	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1641	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1642	!
1643	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1644	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1645	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1646	!
1647	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1648	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1649	!-- with y-axis):
1650	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1651	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1652	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1653
1654	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1655	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1656	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1657	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1658	re(3) = sin_rot
1659
1660	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1661	!
1662	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1663	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1664	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1665	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1666
1667	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1668	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1669	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1670	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1671	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1672
1673	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1674	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1675
1676	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1677	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1678
1679	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1680	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1681
1682	!
1683	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1684
1685	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1686	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1687	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1688	!
1689	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1690	!-- the current PE:
1691	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1692	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1693
1694	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1695	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1696	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1697	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1698	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1699	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1700	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1701	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1702	gg = dx * dy
1703
1704	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1705	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1706	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1707	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1708	) / gg
1709
1710	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1711	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1712	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1713	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1714	) / gg
1715
1716	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1717	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1718	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1719
1720	ELSE
1721	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1722	ENDIF
1723	ELSE
1724	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1725	ENDIF
1726
1727
1728	!
1729	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1730	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1731	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1732	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1733	!
1734	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1735	!-- the current PE:
1736	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1737	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1738
1739	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1740	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1741	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1742	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1743	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1744	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1745	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1746	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1747	gg = dx * dy
1748
1749	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1750	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1751	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1752	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1753	) / gg
1754
1755	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1756	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1757	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1758	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1759	) / gg
1760
1761	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1762	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1763	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1764
1765	ELSE
1766	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1767	ENDIF
1768	ELSE
1769	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1770	ENDIF
1771
1772
1773	!
1774	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1775	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1776	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1777	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
1778	!
1779	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1780	!-- the current PE:
1781	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1782	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1783
1784	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1785	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1786	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1787	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1788	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1789	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1790	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1791	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1792	gg = dx * dy
1793
1794	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1795	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1796	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1797	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1798	) / gg
1799
1800	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1801	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1802	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1803	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1804	) / gg
1805
1806	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1807	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
1808	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1809	ELSE
1810	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1811	ENDIF
1812	ELSE
1813	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1814	ENDIF
1815
1816	ENDDO
1817	ENDDO
1818
1819	ENDDO
1820
1821	!
1822	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1823	#if defined( __parallel )
1824	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1825	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1826	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1827	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1828	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1829	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1830	#else
1831	u_int = u_int_1_l
1832	v_int = v_int_1_l
1833	w_int = w_int_1_l
1834	#endif
1835
1836
1837	!
1838	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1839
1840	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1841	pit_loop: DO
1842
1843	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1844	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1845	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1846	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1847	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1848	ELSE
1849	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1850	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1851	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1852	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1853	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1854	ENDIF
1855	ENDIF
1856
1857	!
1858	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1859	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1860	!
1861	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1862	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1863	!
1864	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1865	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1866	!
1867	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1868	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1869	!-- with y-axis):
1870	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1871	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1872	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1873	!
1874	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1875	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1876	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1877	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1878	re(3) = sin_rot
1879
1880	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1881	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1882	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1883	rea(3) = cos_rot
1884
1885	!
1886	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1887	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1888	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1889	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1890	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1891	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1892	!
1893	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1894	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1895	!-- tilt:
1896	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1897	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1898	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1899	!
1900	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1901	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1902
1903	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1904
1905	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1906
1907	!
1908	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1909	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1910	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1911	!
1912	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1913	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1914	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1915	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1916	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1917	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1918	!
1919	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1920	!
1921	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1922	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1923	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1924	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1925	!
1926	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1927	!-- direction:
1928	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1929	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1930	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1931	!
1932	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1933	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1934
1935	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1936	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1937	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1938
1939	!
1940	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1941	!-- to the current radial position:
1942
1943	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1944	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1945
1946	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1947	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1948	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1949	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1950	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1951	ELSE
1952	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1953	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1954	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1955	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1956	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1957	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1958	ENDIF
1959
1960	!
1961	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1962	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1963	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1964	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1965	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1966	!
1967	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1968	!-- angle of attack:
1969	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1970	!
1971	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1972	!-- to angles given in degree:
1973	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1974	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1975	!
1976	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1977	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
1978
1979	!
1980	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1981	!-- to the rotor:
1982	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
1983	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1984	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
1985
1986	!
1987	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1988	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
1989	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
1990	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1991
1992	!
1993	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
1994	!-- the current radial position:
1995
1996	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1997	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1998	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
1999	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2000	ELSE
2001	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2002	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2003	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2004	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2005	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2006	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2007	ENDIF
2008
2009	!
2010	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2011	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2012	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
2013	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
2014	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2015	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
2016	!
2017	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2018	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2019	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2020	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2021	!
2022	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2023	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2024	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2025	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2026
2027	!
2028	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2029	!-- angles given in radian:
2030	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2031	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2032
2033	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2034
2035	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2036	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2037	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2038	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2039	!--
2040	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2041	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2042	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2043
2044	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2045
2046	END IF
2047	!
2048	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2049	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2050	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2051
2052	!
2053	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2054
2055	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2056	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2057
2058	!
2059	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2060	!-- for each ring segment:
2061	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2062	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2063	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2064
2065	!
2066	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2067	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2068	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2069	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2070	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2071	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2072	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2073	!
2074	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2075	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2076	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2077
2078	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2079	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2080
2081	!
2082	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2083	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2084	thrust_seg(rseg)
2085
2086
2087	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2088
2089	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2090
2091	!
2092	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2093	!-- each ring:
2094	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2095	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2096	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2097
2098
2099	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2100
2101
2102	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2103
2104
2105	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2106	!
2107	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2108
2109	!
2110	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2111	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2112	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2113	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2114	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2115	( inertia_rot + &
2116	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2117
2118	!
2119	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2120	!-- and rotor speed
2121	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2122
2123	ENDIF
2124
2125	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2126
2127	!
2128	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2129	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2130	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2131	!-- gain
2132	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2133	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2134	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2135	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2136	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2137	!
2138	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2139	CYCLE pit_loop
2140	ENDIF
2141
2142	!
2143	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2144	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2145	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2146	ENDIF
2147	EXIT pit_loop
2148	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2149
2150
2151	!
2152	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2153
2154	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2155	!
2156	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2157	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2158	THEN
2159	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2160	THEN
2161	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2162	ENDIF
2163	ENDIF
2164
2165	ENDIF
2166
2167
2168	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2169
2170	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2171
2172
2173	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2174	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2175	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2176	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2177	!
2178	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2179	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2180	!
2181	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2182	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2183	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2184	!-- consideration
2185	!
2186	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2187	!-- of the model domain:
2188	!
2189	!--
2190	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2191	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2192	eps_min ) / dx )
2193	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2194	eps_min ) / dy )
2195
2196	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2197	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2198	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2199	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2200	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2201	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2202	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2203	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2204	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2205	!
2206	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2207	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2208
2209	!
2210	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2211	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2212	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2213	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2214	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2215	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2216	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2217	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2218	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2219	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2220	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2221
2222	!
2223	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2224	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2225	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2226	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2227	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2228	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2229	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2230	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2231	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2232	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2233	flag
2234	ENDIF
2235	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2236	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2237	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2238	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2239	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2240	flag
2241	ENDIF
2242	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2243	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2244	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2245	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2246	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2247	flag
2248	ENDIF
2249
2250	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2251	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2252
2253	!
2254	!-- Rotation of force components:
2255	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2256	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2257	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2258	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2259	) * flag
2260
2261	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2262	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2263	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2264	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2265	) * flag
2266
2267	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2268	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2269	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2270	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2271	) * flag
2272
2273	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2274	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2275	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2276
2277	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2278
2279	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2280
2281
2282	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2283	!
2284	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2285	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2286	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2287	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2288	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2289	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2290	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2291
2292	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2293	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2294	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2295	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2296	start_up = .FALSE.
2297	ENDIF
2298
2299	!
2300	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2301	!--
2302	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2303	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2304	!
2305	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2306	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2307	THEN
2308	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2309	THEN
2310
2311	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2312
2313	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2314	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2315	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2316	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2317	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2318
2319	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2320
2321	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2322
2323	ENDIF
2324	ENDIF
2325
2326	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2327
2328	!
2329	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2330	#if defined( __parallel )
2331	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2332	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2333	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2334	comm2d, ierr )
2335	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2336	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2337	#else
2338	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2339	wdir = wdir_l
2340	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2341
2342
2343	#endif
2344	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2345	!
2346	!-- Update rotor orientation
2347	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2348
2349	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2350
2351	END IF ! end of yaw control
2352
2353	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2354	!
2355	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2356	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2357	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2358	#if defined( __parallel )
2359	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2360	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2361	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2362	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2363	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2364	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2365	#else
2366	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2367	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2368	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2369	#endif
2370
2371	ENDIF
2372
2373	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2374
2375	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2376	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2377	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2378	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2379	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2380	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2381	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2382	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2383	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2384	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2385
2386	ELSE
2387
2388	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2389	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2390	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2391	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2392	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2393	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2394	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2395	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2396	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2397	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2398	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2399	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2400	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2401	ENDIF
2402	ENDIF
2403
2404	!-- Set open flag
2405	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2406	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2407
2408	ENDIF
2409
2410	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2411
2412	!
2413	!-- Formats
2414	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2415	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2416	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2417	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2418	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2419
2420	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2421	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2422
2423
2424	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2425
2426
2427	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2428	! Description:
2429	! ------------
2430	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2431	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2432	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2433
2434	USE kinds
2435
2436	IMPLICIT NONE
2437
2438	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2439	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2440	REAL(wp) :: missal
2441
2442	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2443
2444	!
2445	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2446	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2447	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2448	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2449	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2450	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2451	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2452	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2453	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2454	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2455	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2456	!
2457	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2458	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2459	!
2460	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2461	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2462	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2463	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2464	!
2465	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2466	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2467
2468	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2469	!
2470	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2471	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2472	!
2473	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2474	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2475	!
2476	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2477	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2478	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2479	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2480	ENDIF
2481	ENDIF
2482
2483	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2484
2485	!
2486	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2487	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2488	!-- than min_miss
2489
2490	ELSE
2491	!
2492	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2493	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2494	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2495	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2496	!
2497	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2498	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2499	!
2500	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2501	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2502	!
2503	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2504	!-- yaw direction is still right
2505	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2506	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2507	!
2508	!-- Continue yawing
2509	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2510	ELSE
2511	!
2512	!-- Stop yawing
2513	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2514	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2515	ENDIF
2516	ELSE
2517	!
2518	!-- Continue yawing
2519	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2520	ENDIF
2521
2522	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2523
2524	ENDIF
2525
2526	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2527
2528
2529	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2530	! Description:
2531	! ------------
2532	!> Initialization of the speed control
2533	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2534	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2535
2536
2537	IMPLICIT NONE
2538
2539	!
2540	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2541	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2542	!
2543	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2544	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2545	!
2546	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2547	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2548	!
2549	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2550	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2551	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2552	!
2553	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2554	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2555	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2556	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2557	!
2558	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2559	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2560	!
2561	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2562	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2563	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2564	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2565	ENDIF
2566
2567	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2568
2569
2570	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2571	! Description:
2572	! ------------
2573	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2574	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2575	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2576
2577
2578	IMPLICIT NONE
2579
2580	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2581
2582
2583
2584	!
2585	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2586	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2587	!-- offshore system developement"
2588
2589	!
2590	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2591	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2592	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2593	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2594	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2595
2596	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2597	!
2598	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2599	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2600
2601	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2602	!
2603	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2604	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2605
2606	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2607	!
2608	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2609	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2610	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2611
2612	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2613	!
2614	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2615	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2616
2617	ELSE
2618	!
2619	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2620	!-- keep the power constant:
2621	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2622
2623	ENDIF
2624	!
2625	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2626	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2627	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2628	!
2629	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2630	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2631	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2632	!
2633	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2634	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2635
2636
2637	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2638
2639
2640	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2641	! Description:
2642	! ------------
2643	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2644	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2645	!> Call for all grid points
2646	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2647	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2648
2649
2650	IMPLICIT NONE
2651
2652	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2653	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2654	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2655	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2656
2657
2658	SELECT CASE ( component )
2659
2660	CASE ( 1 )
2661	!
2662	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2663	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2664	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2665	DO j = nysg, nyng
2666	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2667	!
2668	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2669	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2670	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2671	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2672	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2673
2674	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2675	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2676	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2677	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2678	ENDDO
2679	ENDDO
2680	ENDDO
2681	ENDIF
2682
2683	CASE ( 2 )
2684	!
2685	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2686	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2687	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2688	DO j = nysg, nyng
2689	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2690	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2691	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2692	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2693	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2694	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2695	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2696	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2697	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2698	ENDDO
2699	ENDDO
2700	ENDDO
2701	ENDIF
2702
2703	CASE ( 3 )
2704	!
2705	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2706	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2707	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2708	DO j = nysg, nyng
2709	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2710	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2711	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2712	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2713	ENDDO
2714	ENDDO
2715	ENDDO
2716	ENDIF
2717
2718
2719	CASE DEFAULT
2720
2721	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2722	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2723
2724	END SELECT
2725
2726
2727	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2728
2729
2730	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2731	! Description:
2732	! ------------
2733	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2734	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2735	!> Call for grid point i,j
2736	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2737	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2738
2739
2740	IMPLICIT NONE
2741
2742	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2743	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2744	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2745	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2746
2747	SELECT CASE ( component )
2748
2749	CASE ( 1 )
2750	!
2751	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2752	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2753	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2754	!
2755	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2756	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2757	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2758	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2759	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2760	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2761	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2762	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2763	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2764	ENDDO
2765	ENDIF
2766
2767	CASE ( 2 )
2768	!
2769	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2770	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2771	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2772	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2773	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2774	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2775	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2776	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2777	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2778	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2779	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2780	ENDDO
2781	ENDIF
2782
2783	CASE ( 3 )
2784	!
2785	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2786	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2787	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2788	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2789	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2790	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2791	ENDDO
2792	ENDIF
2793
2794
2795	CASE DEFAULT
2796
2797	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2798	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2799
2800	END SELECT
2801
2802
2803	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2804
2805	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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