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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2723

Last change on this file since 2723 was 2718, checked in by maronga, 7 years ago
deleting of deprecated files; headers updated where needed
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 116.1 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga $
28	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
29	!
30	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
31	! Change in file header (GPL part)
32	!
33	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
34	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
35	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
36	!
37	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
38	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_var_list to skip module
39	! parameters during reading restart data
40	!
41	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
42	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
43	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
44	! defined
45	!
46	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
47	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
48	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
49	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
50	!
51	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
52	! Revise error message PA0462
53	!
54	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
55	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
56	!
57	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
58	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
59	!
60	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
61	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
62	!
63	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
64	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
65	!
66	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
67	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
68	!
69	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
70	!
71	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
72	! Adjustments to new topography concept
73	!
74	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
75	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
76	! Addition of a tip loss model
77	!
78	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
79	! Bugfix of pitch control
80	!
81	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
82	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
83	!
84	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
85	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
86	!
87	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
88	! Initial revision
89	!
90	!
91	! Description:
92	! ------------
93	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
94	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
95	!> (ADM-R).
96	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
97	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
98	!> yaw.
99	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
100	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
101	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
102	!> automatically).
103	!>
104	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
105	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
106	!> @todo Generate header information
107	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
108	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
109	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
110	!> @todo Include additional output variables
111	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
112	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
113	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
114	!
115	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
116	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
117
118	USE arrays_3d, &
119	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
120
121	USE constants, &
122	ONLY: pi
123
124	USE control_parameters, &
125	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
126	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
127
128	USE cpulog, &
129	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
130
131	USE grid_variables, &
132	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
133
134	USE indices, &
135	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
136	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
137
138	USE kinds
139
140	USE pegrid
141
142
143	IMPLICIT NONE
144
145	PRIVATE
146
147	!
148	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
149
150	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
151	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
152
153	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
154	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
155	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
156	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
157
158	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
159	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
160	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
161	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
162	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
163	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
164
165	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
166	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
167	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
168	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
169	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
170	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
171	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
172	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
173	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
174	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
175	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
176
177	!
178	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
179	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
180
181	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
182	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
183	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
184	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
185	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
186	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
187	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
188	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
189	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
190	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
191	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
192	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
193	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
194	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
195
196
197	!
198	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
199
200	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
201	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
202	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
203
204	!
205	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
206	TYPE file_status
207	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
208	END TYPE file_status
209
210	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
211	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
212
213	!
214	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
215
216	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
217	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
218	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
219	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
220	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
221	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
222
223	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
224
225	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
226	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
228	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
229	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
230	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
232	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
233
234	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
235
236	!
237	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
238	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
239	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
240	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
241	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
242	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
243	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
244	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
245
246	!
247	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
252
253	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
254	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
255
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
258
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
261
262	!
263	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
264
265	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
266	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
267	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
268	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
269	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
270	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
271	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
272	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
273	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
274	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
275	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
276	!
277	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
278	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
279	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
280	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
281	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
282
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
292
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
295
296	!
297	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
304
305	!
306	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
310
311	!
312	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
316
317	!
318	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
322
323	!
324	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
328	!
329	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
331
332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
341
342	!
343	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
344
345	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
346
347	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
348	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
349	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
350	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
351	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
352	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
353	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
354	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
355
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
357
358	!
359	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
360
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
371	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
372	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
373	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
374
375	!
376	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
384
385
386	SAVE
387
388
389	INTERFACE wtm_parin
390	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
391	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
392
393	INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
394	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_skip_var_list
395	END INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
396
397	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
398	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
399	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
400
401	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
402	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
403	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
404
405	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
406	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
407	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
408
409	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
410	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
411	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
412
413	INTERFACE wtm_init
414	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
415	END INTERFACE wtm_init
416
417	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
418	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
419	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
420
421	INTERFACE wtm_forces
422	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
423	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
424
425	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
426	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
427	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
428
429	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
430	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
431	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
432
433	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
434	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
435	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
436	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
437
438	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
439	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
440	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
441	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
442
443
444	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
445	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies, wtm_skip_var_list
446
447
448	CONTAINS
449
450
451	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
452	! Description:
453	! ------------
454	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
455	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
456	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
457
458
459	IMPLICIT NONE
460
461	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
462
463	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
464
465	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
466	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
467	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
468	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
469	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
470	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
471	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
472	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
473	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
474	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
475
476	!
477	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
478	REWIND ( 11 )
479	line = ' '
480	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
481	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
482	ENDDO
483	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
484
485	!
486	!-- Read user-defined namelist
487	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
488
489	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
490	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
491	'End of file has reached'
492	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
493	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
494	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
495	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
496	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
497	ENDIF
498
499	!
500	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
501	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
502
503	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
504	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
505	ENDIF
506
507	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
508
509
510	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
511
512
513	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
514	! Description:
515	! ------------
516	!> Skipping the wind turbine module variables from restart-file (binary format).
517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
518	SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
519
520	IMPLICIT NONE
521
522	CHARACTER (LEN=1) :: cdum
523	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr
524
525	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
526
527	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
528
529	READ ( 13 ) cdum
530	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
531
532	ENDDO
533
534	END SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
535
536
537	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
538	! Description:
539	! ------------
540	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
541	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
542	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
543
544	IMPLICIT NONE
545
546	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
547	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
548	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
549	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
550	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
551	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
552	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
553	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
554	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
555	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
556	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
557	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
558	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
559	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
560	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
561	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
562	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
563	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
564	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
565	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
566
567	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
568
569	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
570
571
572	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
573	! Description:
574	! ------------
575	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
576	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
577	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
578
579
580	IMPLICIT NONE
581
582	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
583
584
585	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
586	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
587
588	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
589
590	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
591	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
592	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
593	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
594	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
595	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
596	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
597	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
598	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
599	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
600	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
601	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
602	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
603	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
604	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
605	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
606	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
607	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
608	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
609	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
610
611	END SELECT
612
613	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
614
615	ENDDO
616
617	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
618
619
620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
621	! Description:
622	! ------------
623	!> Check namelist parameter
624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
625	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
626
627
628	IMPLICIT NONE
629
630	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
631	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
632	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
633	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
634	ENDIF
635
636	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
637	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
638	'a value larger than or equal to zero'
639	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
640	ENDIF
641
642
643	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
644	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
645	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
646
647	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
648	'have to be given for each turbine.'
649	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
650
651	ENDIF
652
653
654	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
655
656
657	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
658	! Description:
659	! ------------
660	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
661	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
662	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
663
664
665	IMPLICIT NONE
666
667	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
668	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
669
670	!
671	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
672	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
673
674	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
675	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
676
677	nrings(:) = 0
678	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
679
680	!
681	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
682	delta_r_factor = segment_width
683	delta_t_factor = segment_length
684	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
685
686	DO inot = 1, nturbines
687	!
688	!-- Determine number of rings:
689	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
690
691	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
692
693	ENDDO
694
695	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
696
697	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
698	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
699
700	nsegs(:,:) = 0
701	nsegs_total(:) = 0
702
703
704	DO inot = 1, nturbines
705	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
706	!
707	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
708	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
709	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
710	delta_t_factor ) )
711	ENDDO
712	!
713	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
714	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
715
716	ENDDO
717
718	!
719	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
720	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
721
722	!!
723	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
724	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
725	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
726	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
727	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
728	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
729	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
730	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
731	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
732	! ENDIF
733
734
735	!
736	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
737	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
738	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
739	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
740	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
741	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
742	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
743	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
744	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
745
746	!
747	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
748	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
749	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
750	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
751	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
752	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
753	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
754
755	!
756	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
757	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
758	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
759	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
760	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
761	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
762	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
763	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
764	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
765	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
766	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
767
768	!
769	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
770	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
771	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
772	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
773	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
774	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
775	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
776
777	!
778	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
779	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
780	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
781	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
782
783	!
784	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
785	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
786	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
787	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
788	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
789	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
790	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
791	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
792	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
793
794	!
795	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
796	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
797	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
798	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
799	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
800	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
801	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
802
803	!
804	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
805	i_hub(:) = 0
806	i_smear(:) = 0
807	j_hub(:) = 0
808	j_smear(:) = 0
809	k_hub(:) = 0
810	k_smear(:) = 0
811
812	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
813	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
814
815	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
816	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
817	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
818	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
819	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
820	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
821	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
822	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
823	ENDIF
824
825	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
826	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
827	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
828
829	!
830	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
831	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
832	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
833	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
834	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
835	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
836	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
837	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
838	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
839	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
840	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
841
842	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
843	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
844	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
845	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
846	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
847	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
848
849	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
850	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
851	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
852
853	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
854	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
855	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
856	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
857	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
858	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
859	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
860	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
861
862	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
863	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
864	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
865	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
866	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
867	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
868
869
870	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
871
872
873	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
874	! Description:
875	! ------------
876	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
877	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
878	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
879
880
881	IMPLICIT NONE
882
883	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
884	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
885	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
886
887	!
888	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
889	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
890
891	!
892	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
893	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
894	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
895	!
896	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
897	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
898	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
899
900	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
901	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
902	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
903
904	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
905
906	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
907	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
908	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
909	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
910
911	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
912	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
913	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
914	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
915
916
917	IF ( speed_control) THEN
918
919	CALL wtm_speed_control
920
921	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
922
923	DO inot = 1, nturbines
924
925	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
926	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
927	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
928	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
929	ENDIF
930
931	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
932	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
933	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
934	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
935	ENDIF
936
937	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
938	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
939	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
940	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
941	ENDIF
942
943	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
944	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
945	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
946	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
947	ENDIF
948
949	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
950	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
951
952	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
953
954	ENDIF
955	ENDIF
956
957	END DO
958
959	ENDIF
960
961	ENDIF
962
963	!
964	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
965	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
966	!-- (smearing of the forces)
967	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
968	!
969	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
970	!-- be calculated:
971
972	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
973	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
974	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
975	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
976	!
977	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
978	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
979	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
980	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
981	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
982	!
983	!-- Square of eps_min:
984	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
985	!
986	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
987	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
988	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
989	!
990	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
991	!-- function:
992	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
993
994	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
995	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
996
997	!
998	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
999	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1000	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1001	ENDIF
1002
1003
1004	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1005	!
1006	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1007	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1008
1009	!
1010	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1011	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1012	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1013	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
1014
1015	!
1016	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1017	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1018	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1019	!-- function of eps_min:
1020	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1021	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1022	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
1023
1024	ENDDO
1025
1026	!
1027	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1028	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1029	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1030	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1031	!
1032	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1033	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1034
1035	!
1036	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1037	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1038	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1039
1040	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1041
1042	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1043
1044
1045	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1046	!
1047	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1048	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1049	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1050	i = i_hub(inot)
1051
1052	!
1053	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1054	!-- grid point indices):
1055	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1056	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1057	!
1058	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1059	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1060	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1061	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1062	!-- in grid box 1.
1063	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1064	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
1065
1066	!
1067	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1068	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1069	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1070	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1071
1072	!
1073	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1074	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1075	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1076
1077	DO j = nys, nyn
1078	!
1079	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1080	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1081
1082	DO k = nzb, nzt
1083
1084	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1085	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1086	!
1087	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1088	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1089	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1090	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1091	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1092	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1093	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1094	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1095	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1096	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
1097	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1098	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1099	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1100	!
1101	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1102	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1103	ELSE
1104	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1105	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1106	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1107	ENDIF
1108	!
1109	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1110	ELSE
1111	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1112	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
1113	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1114	ENDIF
1115	!
1116	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1117	!-- are carried out:
1118	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1119
1120	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1121	!
1122	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1123	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1124	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1125	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1126	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1127	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1128	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1129	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
1130	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1131	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1132	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1133	!
1134	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1135	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1136	ELSE
1137	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1138	ENDIF
1139	!
1140	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1141	ELSE
1142	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
1143	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1144	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1145
1146	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1147
1148	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1149
1150	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1151
1152	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1153
1154	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1155
1156
1157	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1158
1159	!
1160	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1161	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1162	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1163	!!
1164	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1165	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1166	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1167	!
1168	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1169	!
1170	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1171	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1172	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1173	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1174	!!
1175	!!-- bottom intersection point
1176	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1177	!!
1178	!!-- top intersection point
1179	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1180	! ELSE
1181	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1182	! ENDIF
1183	! ENDDO
1184	!
1185	!
1186	! DO j = nys, nyn
1187	!!
1188	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1189	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1190	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1191	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1192	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1193	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1194	!!
1195	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1196	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1197	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1198	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1199	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1200	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1201	!!
1202	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1203	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1204	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1205	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1206	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1207	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1208	! dz_int = dz
1209	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1210	!!
1211	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1212	!!-- within the current grid box:
1213	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1214	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1215	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1216	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1217	! ENDIF
1218	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1219	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1220	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1221	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1222	! ENDIF
1223	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1224	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1225	! ENDIF
1226	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1227	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1228	! ENDIF
1229	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1230	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1231	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1232	! ENDIF
1233	! ENDDO
1234	! ENDIF
1235	! ENDDO
1236	! ENDIF
1237	!
1238	! ENDDO
1239	!
1240	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1241
1242	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1243
1244	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
1245	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1246
1247	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1248
1249	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1250
1251
1252	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1253	! Description:
1254	! ------------
1255	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1256	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1257	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1258	!
1259	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1260
1261
1262	IMPLICIT NONE
1263
1264	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1265	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1266
1267	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1268
1269	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1270
1271	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1272	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1273	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1274	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1275	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1276	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1277	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1278	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1279	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1280	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1281
1282	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1283	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1284	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1285
1286	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1287	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1288
1289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1294
1295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1300
1301	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1302
1303	!
1304	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1305	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1306
1307	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1308
1309	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1310	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1311	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1312	ENDIF
1313	!
1314	!-- Read distribution table:
1315
1316	dlen = 0
1317
1318	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1319
1320	rloop3: DO
1321	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1322	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1323	dlen = dlen + 1
1324	ENDDO rloop3
1325
1326	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1327
1328	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1329	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1330	ENDDO
1331
1332	DO jj = 1,dlen
1333	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1334	ENDDO
1335
1336	!
1337	!-- Read layout table:
1338
1339	dlen = 0
1340
1341	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1342
1343	rloop1: DO
1344	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1345	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1346	dlen = dlen + 1
1347	ENDDO rloop1
1348
1349	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1350	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1351	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1352	ENDDO
1353	DO jj = 1, dlen
1354	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1355	ENDDO
1356
1357	!
1358	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1359
1360	dlen = 0
1361
1362	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1363
1364	rloop2: DO
1365	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1366	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1367	dlen = dlen + 1
1368	ENDDO rloop2
1369
1370	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1371	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1372
1373	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1374	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1375	ENDDO
1376
1377	DO jj = 1,dlen
1378	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1379	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1380	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1381	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1382	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1383	ENDDO
1384
1385	ENDDO
1386
1387	dlenbl = dlen
1388
1389	CLOSE ( 90 )
1390
1391	!
1392	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
1393	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
1394	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1395	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1396	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1397
1398	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1399	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1400	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
1401	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
1402
1403	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1404	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1405
1406
1407	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1408	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1409
1410
1411	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1412
1413	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1414
1415	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1416	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1417	ialpha = 1
1418
1419	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1420	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1421	ENDDO
1422	!
1423	!-- Find position in table
1424	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1425	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1426
1427	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1428	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1429	ENDIF
1430
1431	trow = lct(1)
1432	!
1433	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
1434	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1435	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1436	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1437	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1438
1439	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1440	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1441	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1442	ENDIF
1443
1444	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1445	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1446	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1447	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1448	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1449	ELSE
1450	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1451	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1452	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1453	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1454	ENDIF
1455
1456	!
1457	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1458	!-- segments and angles of attack
1459
1460	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1461	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1462	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1463	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1464	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1465	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1466	( alpha_attack_i - &
1467	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1468	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1469	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1470	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1471	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1472	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1473	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1474	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1475	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1476	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1477	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1478	( alpha_attack_i - &
1479	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1480	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1481	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1482	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1483	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1484
1485	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1486
1487	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1488
1489	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1490
1491
1492	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1493	! Description:
1494	! ------------
1495	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1496	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1497	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1498	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1499
1500
1501	IMPLICIT NONE
1502
1503	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1504	!
1505	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1506	!-- the rotors
1507	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1508	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1509	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1510
1511	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1512	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1513	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1514
1515	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1516	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1517	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1518
1519	!
1520	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1521	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1522
1523	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1524	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1525	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1526	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1527	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1528	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1529	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1530	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1531	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1532	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1533	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1534	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1535	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1536	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1537	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1538	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1539	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1540	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1541	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1542	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1543	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1544	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1545	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1546	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1547
1548	!
1549	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1550	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1551	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1552	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1553	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1554
1555	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1556
1557
1558	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1559	! Description:
1560	! ------------
1561	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1563	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1564
1565
1566	IMPLICIT NONE
1567
1568	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1569
1570	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1571	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1572	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1573	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1574	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1575	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1576
1577	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1578	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1579	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1580
1581	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1582	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1583
1584	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1585
1586
1587	!
1588	! Variables for pitch control
1589	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1590	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1591
1592	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1593	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1594
1595	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1596
1597
1598	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1599
1600
1601	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1602
1603	!
1604	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1605	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1606	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1607	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1608	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1609	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1610	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1611	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1612	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1613	!
1614	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1615	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1616
1617	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1618	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1619	!
1620	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1621	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1622
1623	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1624	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1625	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1626	!
1627	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1628	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1629
1630	!
1631	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1632	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1633	!
1634	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1635	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1636	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1637	!
1638	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1639	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1640	!-- with y-axis):
1641	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1642	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1643	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1644
1645	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1646	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1647	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1648	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1649	re(3) = sin_rot
1650
1651	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1652	!
1653	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1654	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1655	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1656	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1657
1658	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1659	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1660	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1661	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1662	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1663
1664	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1665	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1666
1667	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1668	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1669
1670	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1671	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1672
1673	!
1674	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1675
1676	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1677	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1678	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1679	!
1680	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1681	!-- the current PE:
1682	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1683	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1684
1685	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1686	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1687	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1688	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1689	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1690	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1691	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1692	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1693	gg = dx * dy
1694
1695	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1696	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1697	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1698	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1699	) / gg
1700
1701	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1702	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1703	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1704	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1705	) / gg
1706
1707	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1708	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1709	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1710
1711	ELSE
1712	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1713	ENDIF
1714	ELSE
1715	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1716	ENDIF
1717
1718
1719	!
1720	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1721	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1722	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1723	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
1724	!
1725	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1726	!-- the current PE:
1727	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1728	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1729
1730	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1731	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1732	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1733	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1734	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1735	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1736	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1737	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1738	gg = dx * dy
1739
1740	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1741	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1742	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1743	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1744	) / gg
1745
1746	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1747	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1748	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1749	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1750	) / gg
1751
1752	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1753	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
1754	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1755
1756	ELSE
1757	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1758	ENDIF
1759	ELSE
1760	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1761	ENDIF
1762
1763
1764	!
1765	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1766	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1767	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1768	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
1769	!
1770	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1771	!-- the current PE:
1772	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1773	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1774
1775	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1776	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1777	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1778	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1779	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1780	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1781	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1782	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1783	gg = dx * dy
1784
1785	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1786	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1787	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1788	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1789	) / gg
1790
1791	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1792	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1793	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1794	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1795	) / gg
1796
1797	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1798	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
1799	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1800	ELSE
1801	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1802	ENDIF
1803	ELSE
1804	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1805	ENDIF
1806
1807	ENDDO
1808	ENDDO
1809
1810	ENDDO
1811
1812	!
1813	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1814	#if defined( __parallel )
1815	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1816	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1817	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1818	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1819	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1820	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1821	#else
1822	u_int = u_int_1_l
1823	v_int = v_int_1_l
1824	w_int = w_int_1_l
1825	#endif
1826
1827
1828	!
1829	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1830
1831	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1832	pit_loop: DO
1833
1834	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1835	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1836	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1837	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1838	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1839	ELSE
1840	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1841	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1842	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1843	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1844	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1845	ENDIF
1846	ENDIF
1847
1848	!
1849	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1850	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1851	!
1852	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1853	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1854	!
1855	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1856	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1857	!
1858	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1859	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1860	!-- with y-axis):
1861	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1862	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1863	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1864	!
1865	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1866	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1867	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1868	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1869	re(3) = sin_rot
1870
1871	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1872	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1873	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1874	rea(3) = cos_rot
1875
1876	!
1877	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1878	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1879	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1880	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1881	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1882	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1883	!
1884	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1885	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1886	!-- tilt:
1887	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1888	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1889	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1890	!
1891	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1892	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1893
1894	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1895
1896	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1897
1898	!
1899	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1900	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1901	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1902	!
1903	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1904	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1905	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1906	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1907	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
1908	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
1909	!
1910	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
1911	!
1912	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
1913	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
1914	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
1915	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
1916	!
1917	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
1918	!-- direction:
1919	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1920	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
1921	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
1922	!
1923	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
1924	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
1925
1926	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
1927	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1928	vtheta(rseg) ) )
1929
1930	!
1931	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
1932	!-- to the current radial position:
1933
1934	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
1935	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
1936
1937	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1938	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1939	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
1940	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
1941	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
1942	ELSE
1943	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
1944	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1945	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
1946	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
1947	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1948	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1949	ENDIF
1950
1951	!
1952	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
1953	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
1954	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
1955	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1956	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
1957	!
1958	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
1959	!-- angle of attack:
1960	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
1961	!
1962	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
1963	!-- to angles given in degree:
1964	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
1965	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
1966	!
1967	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
1968	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
1969
1970	!
1971	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
1972	!-- to the rotor:
1973	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
1974	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
1975	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
1976
1977	!
1978	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1979	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
1980	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
1981	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1982
1983	!
1984	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
1985	!-- the current radial position:
1986
1987	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
1988	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
1989	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
1990	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
1991	ELSE
1992	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
1993	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
1994	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
1995	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
1996	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
1997	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
1998	ENDIF
1999
2000	!
2001	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2002	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2003	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
2004	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
2005	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2006	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
2007	!
2008	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2009	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2010	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2011	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2012	!
2013	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2014	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2015	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2016	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2017
2018	!
2019	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2020	!-- angles given in radian:
2021	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2022	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2023
2024	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2025
2026	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2027	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2028	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2029	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2030	!--
2031	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2032	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2033	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2034
2035	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2036
2037	END IF
2038	!
2039	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2040	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2041	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2042
2043	!
2044	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2045
2046	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2047	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2048
2049	!
2050	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2051	!-- for each ring segment:
2052	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2053	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2054	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2055
2056	!
2057	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2058	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2059	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2060	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2061	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2062	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2063	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2064	!
2065	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2066	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2067	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2068
2069	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2070	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2071
2072	!
2073	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2074	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2075	thrust_seg(rseg)
2076
2077
2078	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2079
2080	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2081
2082	!
2083	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2084	!-- each ring:
2085	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2086	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2087	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2088
2089
2090	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2091
2092
2093	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2094
2095
2096	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2097	!
2098	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2099
2100	!
2101	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2102	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2103	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2104	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2105	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2106	( inertia_rot + &
2107	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2108
2109	!
2110	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2111	!-- and rotor speed
2112	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2113
2114	ENDIF
2115
2116	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2117
2118	!
2119	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2120	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2121	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2122	!-- gain
2123	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2124	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2125	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2126	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2127	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2128	!
2129	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2130	CYCLE pit_loop
2131	ENDIF
2132
2133	!
2134	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2135	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2136	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2137	ENDIF
2138	EXIT pit_loop
2139	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2140
2141
2142	!
2143	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2144
2145	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2146	!
2147	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2148	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2149	THEN
2150	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2151	THEN
2152	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2153	ENDIF
2154	ENDIF
2155
2156	ENDIF
2157
2158
2159	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2160
2161	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2162
2163
2164	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2165	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2166	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2167	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2168	!
2169	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2170	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2171	!
2172	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2173	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2174	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2175	!-- consideration
2176	!
2177	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2178	!-- of the model domain:
2179	!
2180	!--
2181	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2182	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2183	eps_min ) / dx )
2184	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2185	eps_min ) / dy )
2186
2187	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2188	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2189	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2190	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2191	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2192	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2193	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2194	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2195	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2196	!
2197	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2198	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2199
2200	!
2201	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2202	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2203	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2204	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2205	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2206	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2207	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2208	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2209	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2210	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2211	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2212
2213	!
2214	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2215	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2216	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2217	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2218	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2219	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2220	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2221	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2222	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2223	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2224	flag
2225	ENDIF
2226	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2227	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2228	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2229	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2230	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2231	flag
2232	ENDIF
2233	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2234	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2235	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2236	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2237	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2238	flag
2239	ENDIF
2240
2241	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2242	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2243
2244	!
2245	!-- Rotation of force components:
2246	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2247	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2248	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2249	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2250	) * flag
2251
2252	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2253	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2254	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2255	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2256	) * flag
2257
2258	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2259	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2260	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2261	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2262	) * flag
2263
2264	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2265	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2266	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2267
2268	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2269
2270	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2271
2272
2273	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2274	!
2275	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2276	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2277	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2278	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2279	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2280	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2281	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2282
2283	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2284	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2285	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2286	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2287	start_up = .FALSE.
2288	ENDIF
2289
2290	!
2291	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2292	!--
2293	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2294	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2295	!
2296	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2297	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2298	THEN
2299	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2300	THEN
2301
2302	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2303
2304	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2305	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2306	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2307	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2308	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2309
2310	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2311
2312	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2313
2314	ENDIF
2315	ENDIF
2316
2317	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2318
2319	!
2320	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2321	#if defined( __parallel )
2322	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2323	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2324	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2325	comm2d, ierr )
2326	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2327	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2328	#else
2329	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2330	wdir = wdir_l
2331	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2332
2333
2334	#endif
2335	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2336	!
2337	!-- Update rotor orientation
2338	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2339
2340	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2341
2342	END IF ! end of yaw control
2343
2344	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2345	!
2346	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2347	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2348	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2349	#if defined( __parallel )
2350	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2351	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2352	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2353	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2354	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2355	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2356	#else
2357	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2358	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2359	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2360	#endif
2361
2362	ENDIF
2363
2364	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2365
2366	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2367	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2368	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2369	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2370	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2371	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2372	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2373	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2374	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2375	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2376
2377	ELSE
2378
2379	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2380	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2381	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2382	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2383	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2384	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2385	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2386	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2387	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2388	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2389	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2390	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2391	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2392	ENDIF
2393	ENDIF
2394
2395	!-- Set open flag
2396	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2397	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2398
2399	ENDIF
2400
2401	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2402
2403	!
2404	!-- Formats
2405	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2406	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2407	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2408	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2409	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2410
2411	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2412	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2413
2414
2415	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2416
2417
2418	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2419	! Description:
2420	! ------------
2421	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2422	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2423	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2424
2425	USE kinds
2426
2427	IMPLICIT NONE
2428
2429	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2430	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2431	REAL(wp) :: missal
2432
2433	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2434
2435	!
2436	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2437	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2438	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2439	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2440	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2441	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2442	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2443	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2444	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2445	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2446	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2447	!
2448	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2449	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2450	!
2451	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2452	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2453	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2454	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2455	!
2456	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2457	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2458
2459	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2460	!
2461	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2462	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2463	!
2464	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2465	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2466	!
2467	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2468	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2469	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2470	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2471	ENDIF
2472	ENDIF
2473
2474	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2475
2476	!
2477	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2478	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2479	!-- than min_miss
2480
2481	ELSE
2482	!
2483	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2484	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2485	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2486	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2487	!
2488	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2489	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2490	!
2491	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2492	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2493	!
2494	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2495	!-- yaw direction is still right
2496	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2497	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2498	!
2499	!-- Continue yawing
2500	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2501	ELSE
2502	!
2503	!-- Stop yawing
2504	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2505	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2506	ENDIF
2507	ELSE
2508	!
2509	!-- Continue yawing
2510	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2511	ENDIF
2512
2513	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2514
2515	ENDIF
2516
2517	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2518
2519
2520	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2521	! Description:
2522	! ------------
2523	!> Initialization of the speed control
2524	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2525	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2526
2527
2528	IMPLICIT NONE
2529
2530	!
2531	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2532	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2533	!
2534	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2535	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2536	!
2537	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2538	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2539	!
2540	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2541	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2542	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2543	!
2544	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2545	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2546	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2547	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2548	!
2549	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2550	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2551	!
2552	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2553	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2554	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2555	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2556	ENDIF
2557
2558	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2559
2560
2561	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2562	! Description:
2563	! ------------
2564	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2565	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2566	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2567
2568
2569	IMPLICIT NONE
2570
2571	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2572
2573
2574
2575	!
2576	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2577	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2578	!-- offshore system developement"
2579
2580	!
2581	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2582	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2583	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2584	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2585	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2586
2587	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2588	!
2589	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2590	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2591
2592	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2593	!
2594	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2595	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2596
2597	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2598	!
2599	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2600	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2601	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2602
2603	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2604	!
2605	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2606	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2607
2608	ELSE
2609	!
2610	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2611	!-- keep the power constant:
2612	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2613
2614	ENDIF
2615	!
2616	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2617	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2618	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2619	!
2620	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2621	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2622	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2623	!
2624	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2625	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2626
2627
2628	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2629
2630
2631	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2632	! Description:
2633	! ------------
2634	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2635	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2636	!> Call for all grid points
2637	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2638	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2639
2640
2641	IMPLICIT NONE
2642
2643	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2644	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2645	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2646	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2647
2648
2649	SELECT CASE ( component )
2650
2651	CASE ( 1 )
2652	!
2653	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2654	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2655	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2656	DO j = nysg, nyng
2657	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2658	!
2659	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2660	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2661	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2662	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2663	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2664
2665	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2666	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2667	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2668	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2669	ENDDO
2670	ENDDO
2671	ENDDO
2672	ENDIF
2673
2674	CASE ( 2 )
2675	!
2676	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2677	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2678	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2679	DO j = nysg, nyng
2680	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2681	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2682	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2683	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2684	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2685	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2686	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2687	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2688	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2689	ENDDO
2690	ENDDO
2691	ENDDO
2692	ENDIF
2693
2694	CASE ( 3 )
2695	!
2696	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2697	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2698	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2699	DO j = nysg, nyng
2700	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2701	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2702	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2703	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2704	ENDDO
2705	ENDDO
2706	ENDDO
2707	ENDIF
2708
2709
2710	CASE DEFAULT
2711
2712	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2713	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2714
2715	END SELECT
2716
2717
2718	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2719
2720
2721	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2722	! Description:
2723	! ------------
2724	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2725	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2726	!> Call for grid point i,j
2727	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2728	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2729
2730
2731	IMPLICIT NONE
2732
2733	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2734	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2735	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2736	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2737
2738	SELECT CASE ( component )
2739
2740	CASE ( 1 )
2741	!
2742	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2743	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2744	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2745	!
2746	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2747	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2748	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2749	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2750	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2751	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2752	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2753	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2754	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2755	ENDDO
2756	ENDIF
2757
2758	CASE ( 2 )
2759	!
2760	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2761	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2762	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2763	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2764	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2765	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2766	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2767	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2768	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2769	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2770	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2771	ENDDO
2772	ENDIF
2773
2774	CASE ( 3 )
2775	!
2776	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2777	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2778	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2779	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2780	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2781	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2782	ENDDO
2783	ENDIF
2784
2785
2786	CASE DEFAULT
2787
2788	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2789	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2790
2791	END SELECT
2792
2793
2794	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2795
2796	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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