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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4335

Last change on this file since 4335 was 4329, checked in by motisi, 4 years ago
Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 118.5 KB

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[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1819]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3885]	17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
[3655]	18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[3139]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z suehring $
[4329]	28	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	29	!
	30	! 4326 2019-12-06 14:16:14Z oliver.maas
[4326]	31	! changed format of turbine control output to allow for higher
	32	! torque and power values
	33	!
	34	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	35	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	36	!
	37	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
[4144]	38	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
	39	!
	40	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
[4056]	41	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
	42	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
	43	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
	44	!
	45	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	46	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	47	! of additional debug messages
	48	!
	49	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
[3875]	50	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
	51	!
	52	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
[3832]	53	! instrumented with openmp directives
	54	!
	55	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
[3725]	56	! unused variables removed
	57	!
	58	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
[3685]	59	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	60	!
	61	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3593]	62	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
[4182]	63	!
	64	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
	65	! Initial revision
	66	!
[3593]	67	!
[1819]	68	! Description:
	69	! ------------
	70	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	71	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	72	!> (ADM-R).
	73	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	74	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	75	!> yaw.
	76	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	77	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	78	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	79	!> automatically).
	80	!>
[3065]	81	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
[1819]	82	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	83	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	84	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	85	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	86	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	87	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	88	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	89	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	90	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	91	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	92	!
	93	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	94	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	95
	96	USE arrays_3d, &
[2553]	97	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[1819]	98
[3274]	99	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[2553]	100	ONLY: pi
[1819]	101
	102	USE control_parameters, &
[3885]	103	ONLY: coupling_char, &
	104	debug_output, &
	105	dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
[2894]	106	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
[1819]	107
	108	USE cpulog, &
	109	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	110
	111	USE grid_variables, &
	112	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	113
	114	USE indices, &
	115	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[4329]	116	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_static_0
[1819]	117
	118	USE kinds
	119
	120	USE pegrid
	121
	122
	123	IMPLICIT NONE
	124
[1864]	125	PRIVATE
[1819]	126
	127	!
	128	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	129
[1864]	130	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	131	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	132
[1839]	133	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	134	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	135	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	136	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	137
[1839]	138	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	139	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	140	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	141	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	142	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	143	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	144
[1912]	145	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
[2553]	146	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
[1912]	147	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	148	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	149	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	150	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	151	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	152	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	153	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
[3725]	154	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
[1912]	155	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	156
[1819]	157	!
	158	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	159	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	160
[1912]	161	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	162	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	163	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	164	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	165	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	166	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	167	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	168	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	169	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	170	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	171	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	172	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	173	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	174	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	175
[1912]	176
[1819]	177	!
	178	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	179
[1839]	180	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	181	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	182	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	183
[1819]	184	!
	185	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	186	TYPE file_status
	187	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	188	END TYPE file_status
	189
[1912]	190	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	191	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	192
	193	!
	194	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	195
[1839]	196	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	197	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	198	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	199	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	200	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	201
[1839]	202	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	203
[1912]	204	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	205	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	206	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	207	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	208	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	209	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	210	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	211	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	212
[1912]	213	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	214
[1912]	215	!
	216	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	217	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	218	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	219	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	220	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	221	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	222	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
[1819]	223
[1839]	224	!
	225	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	226	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	230
[1912]	231	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	232	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	233
[1912]	234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	236
[1912]	237	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	239
	240	!
	241	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	242
[1839]	243	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
	244	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	245	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	246	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	247	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	248	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	249	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	250	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	251	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	252	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	253	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[3832]	254	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
	255	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
[1912]	256	!
	257	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	258	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	259	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	260	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	261	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[3832]	262	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
[1819]	263
[1912]	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	273
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	276
	277	!
	278	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	285
	286	!
	287	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	291
	292	!
	293	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	297
	298	!
	299	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	303
	304	!
	305	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	309	!
	310	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	312
[1839]	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	322
[1839]	323	!
	324	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	325
[1912]	326	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	327
[1912]	328	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	329	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	330	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	331	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	332	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	333	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	334	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	335	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1819]	336
[1864]	337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[2563]	338
[1839]	339	!
	340	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	341
[1912]	342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	352	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	353	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	354	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	355
[2563]	356	!
	357	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
	358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
	359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
	360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
	361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
	362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
	363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
	364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
[1819]	365
[2563]	366
[1839]	367	SAVE
[1819]	368
[1839]	369
	370	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	371	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	372	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[2563]	373
[1912]	374	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	375	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	376	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[3875]	377
[1839]	378	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	379	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	380	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	381
	382	INTERFACE wtm_init
	383	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	384	END INTERFACE wtm_init
[2553]	385
[3875]	386	INTERFACE wtm_actions
	387	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
	388	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
	389	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
[1819]	390
[3875]	391	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
	392	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
	393	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
[1819]	394
[3875]	395	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
	396	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
	397	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
[2563]	398
[3875]	399
	400	PUBLIC &
	401	wtm_parin, &
	402	wtm_check_parameters, &
	403	wtm_init_arrays, &
	404	wtm_init, &
	405	wtm_actions, &
	406	wtm_rrd_global, &
	407	wtm_wrd_global
	408
	409
[1819]	410	CONTAINS
	411
	412
	413	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	414	! Description:
	415	! ------------
[1839]	416	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	417	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	418	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	419
	420
	421	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	422
[1839]	423	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	424
	425	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	426	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	427	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	428	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	429	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	430	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	431	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	432	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[3725]	433	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2152]	434	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[3725]	435	! , turb_cd_nacelle
[2932]	436
	437	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
	438	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
	439	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
	440	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
	441	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
	442	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
	443	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	444	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
	445	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[3725]	446	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2932]	447	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[3725]	448	! , turb_cd_nacelle
[1819]	449	!
[1839]	450	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	451	REWIND ( 11 )
	452	line = ' '
[3248]	453	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	454	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[1839]	455	ENDDO
	456	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	457
	458	!
	459	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	460	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	461	!
	462	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	463	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	464
[3246]	465	GOTO 14
[2932]	466
[3246]	467	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	468	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	469	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
[3246]	470
[2932]	471	!
	472	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
[3246]	473	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	474	line = ' '
[3248]	475	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	476	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	477	ENDDO
	478	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	479
	480	!
	481	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	482	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2932]	483
	484	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
[3046]	485	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	486	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
	487	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
	488
[1839]	489	!
	490	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	491	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	492
[3246]	493	GOTO 14
[2563]	494
[3246]	495	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	496	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	497	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
[1839]	498
[3246]	499	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
	500
	501
[1839]	502	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	503
[2563]	504
	505	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	506	! Description:
	507	! ------------
[2894]	508	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
[2576]	509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	510	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
[2576]	511
	512
[2563]	513	IMPLICIT NONE
[2776]	514
[2563]	515
[2894]	516	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
[2563]	517	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
[2894]	518
	519	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
[2563]	520	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
[2894]	521
	522	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
[2563]	523	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
[2894]	524
	525	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
[2563]	526	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
[2894]	527
	528	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
[2563]	529	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
[2894]	530
	531	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
	532	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
	533
	534	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
[2563]	535	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
[2894]	536
	537	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
[2563]	538	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
[2894]	539
	540	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
[2563]	541	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
[2894]	542
	543	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
[2563]	544	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
[2894]	545
[2563]	546
[2894]	547	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
[2563]	548
	549
	550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	551	! Description:
	552	! ------------
	553	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
	554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	555	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
[2563]	556
	557
[2894]	558	USE control_parameters, &
	559	ONLY: length, restart_string
	560
	561
[2563]	562	IMPLICIT NONE
	563
[2894]	564	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
[2563]	565
	566
[2894]	567	found = .TRUE.
[2563]	568
	569
[2894]	570	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[2563]	571
[2894]	572	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
	573	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
	574	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
	575	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
	576	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
	577	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
	578	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
	579	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
	580	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
	581	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
	582	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
	583	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
	584	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
	585	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
	586	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
	587	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
	588	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
	589	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
	590	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
	591	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
[2563]	592
[2894]	593	CASE DEFAULT
[2563]	594
[2894]	595	found = .FALSE.
[2563]	596
[2894]	597	END SELECT
	598
[2563]	599
[2894]	600	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
	601
	602
[2563]	603	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	604	! Description:
	605	! ------------
	606	!> Check namelist parameter
	607	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	608	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	609
	610
	611	IMPLICIT NONE
	612
	613	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	614	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	615	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	616	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	617	ENDIF
	618
[2322]	619	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	620	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[2792]	621	'a value equal or larger than zero'
[2322]	622	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	623	ENDIF
	624
	625
	626	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	627	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	628	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	629
	630	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	631	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	632	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	633
	634	ENDIF
	635
	636
	637	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	638
	639
[1839]	640	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	641	! Description:
	642	! ------------
	643	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	644	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	645	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	646
	647
	648	IMPLICIT NONE
	649
[1864]	650	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	651	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	652
[1839]	653	!
	654	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	655	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	656
	657	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	658	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	659
	660	nrings(:) = 0
	661	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	662
	663	!
	664	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	665	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	666	delta_t_factor = segment_length
[3065]	667	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
[1819]	668
	669	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	670	!
	671	!-- Determine number of rings:
	672	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	673
	674	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	675
	676	ENDDO
	677
	678	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	679
	680	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	681	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	682
	683	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	684	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	685
	686
	687	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	688	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	689	!
	690	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	691	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	692	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	693	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	694	ENDDO
	695	!
	696	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	697	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	698
	699	ENDDO
	700
	701	!
	702	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	703	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	704
[1864]	705	!!
	706	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	707	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	708	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	709	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	710	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	711	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	712	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	713	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	714	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	715	! ENDIF
[1819]	716
	717
	718	!
	719	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	720	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	721	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	722	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	723	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	724	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	725	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	726	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	727	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	728
	729	!
	730	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	731	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	732	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	733	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	734	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	735	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	736	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	737
	738	!
	739	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	740	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	741	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	742	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	743	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	744	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	745	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	746	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	747	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	748	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	749	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	750
	751	!
	752	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	753	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	754	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	755	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	756	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	757	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	758	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	759
	760	!
	761	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	762	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	763	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	764	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	765
	766	!
	767	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	768	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	769	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	770	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	771	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	772	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	773	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	774	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	775	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	776
	777	!
	778	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	779	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	780	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	781	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	782	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	783	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	784	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	785
	786	!
	787	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	788	i_hub(:) = 0
	789	i_smear(:) = 0
	790	j_hub(:) = 0
	791	j_smear(:) = 0
	792	k_hub(:) = 0
	793	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	794
[1819]	795	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	796	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	797
[2563]	798	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	799	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	800	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	801	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	802	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	803	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	804	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	805	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	806	ENDIF
	807
[1819]	808	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
[3069]	809	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	810	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	811	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
[3069]	812	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
	813	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	814
	815	!
	816	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	817	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	818	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	819	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	820	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	821	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	822	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	823	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	824	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	825	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	826	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	827
	828	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	829	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	830	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	831	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	832	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	833	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	834
	835	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	836	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	837	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	838
[1912]	839	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	840	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	841	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	842	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	843	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	844	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	845	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	846	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	847
	848	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	849	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	850	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	851	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	852	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	853	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	854
	855
[1839]	856	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	857
	858
	859	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	860	! Description:
	861	! ------------
[1839]	862	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	863	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	864	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	865
[1839]	866
[3065]	867	USE control_parameters, &
	868	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
	869
[1819]	870	IMPLICIT NONE
	871
	872	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	873	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	874	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	875
[1819]	876	!
[1864]	877	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	878	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	879
[1839]	880	!
[1864]	881	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	882	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	883	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
	884
	885	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	886
	887	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	888	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	889	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	890	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	891
[3885]	892	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
[3685]	893
[1864]	894	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	895	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	896	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	897	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	898
[1839]	899	!
[1819]	900	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	901	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	902	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	903	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	904	!
[1839]	905	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	906	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	907
[1839]	908	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	909	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	910	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	911	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	912	!
[1839]	913	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	914	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	915	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	916	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	917	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	918	!
[3065]	919	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
	920	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
	921	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
	922	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
[3174]	923	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
	924	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
	925	eps_min) THEN
[3065]	926	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
	927	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
[3174]	928	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
	929	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
[3066]	930	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[3065]	931	ENDIF
	932	!
[1819]	933	!-- Square of eps_min:
	934	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	935	!
	936	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	937	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	938	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	939	!
[1839]	940	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	941	!-- function:
	942	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	943
[1864]	944	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	945	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	946
[1819]	947	!
[1864]	948	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
[2563]	949	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	950	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
	951	ENDIF
[1819]	952
[1864]	953
[1819]	954	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	955	!
[1864]	956	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	957	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	958
	959	!
	960	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	961	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	962	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
[3065]	963	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
[1819]	964
	965	!
	966	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	967	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	968	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	969	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	970	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	971	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
[3065]	972	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
[1864]	973
[1819]	974	ENDDO
	975
	976	!
[2792]	977	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
	978	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
	979	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	980
[3875]	981	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
[2792]	982
	983	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	984
	985	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	986
	987	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	988	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	989	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	990	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	991	ENDIF
	992
	993	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	994	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	995	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	996	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	997	ENDIF
	998
	999	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1000	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1001	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1002	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1003	ENDIF
	1004
	1005	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1006	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1007	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1008	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1009	ENDIF
	1010
	1011	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1012	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1013
	1014	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
	1015
	1016	ENDIF
	1017	ENDIF
	1018
	1019	END DO
	1020
	1021	ENDIF
	1022
	1023	ENDIF
	1024
	1025	!
[1819]	1026	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	1027	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	1028	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	1029	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1030	!
	1031	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	1032	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	1033
	1034	!
	1035	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	1036	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	1037	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	1038
	1039	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	1040
	1041	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1042
[1839]	1043
	1044	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	1045	!
[1839]	1046	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	1047	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	1048	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	1049	i = i_hub(inot)
	1050
	1051	!
[1839]	1052	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1053	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	1054	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1055	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1056	!
[1839]	1057	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1058	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	1059	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	1060	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	1061	!-- in grid box 1.
[3065]	1062	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
	1063	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
[1819]	1064
	1065	!
	1066	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	1067	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	1068	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1069	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1070
	1071	!
	1072	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	1073	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	1074	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	1075
	1076	DO j = nys, nyn
	1077	!
[1839]	1078	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	1079	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	1080
[1819]	1081	DO k = nzb, nzt
	1082
	1083	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1084	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	1085	!
[1819]	1086	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1087	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1088	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[3065]	1089	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
[1912]	1090	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1091	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1092	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1093	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1094	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[3065]	1095	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
[1912]	1096	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1097	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1098	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1099	!
	1100	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1101	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1102	ELSE
[1912]	1103	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[3065]	1104	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
[1912]	1105	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1106	ENDIF
	1107	!
	1108	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1109	ELSE
[3065]	1110	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
	1111	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
[1912]	1112	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1113	ENDIF
[1839]	1114	!
	1115	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	1116	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	1117	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1118
[1839]	1119	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	1120	!
[1819]	1121	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1122	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[3065]	1123	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
[1839]	1124	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1125	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	1126	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1127	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[3065]	1128	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
[1839]	1129	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1130	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	1131	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1132	!
	1133	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1134	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1135	ELSE
[3065]	1136	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
	1137	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1138	ENDIF
[1839]	1139	!
[1819]	1140	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1141	ELSE
[3065]	1142	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
[1912]	1143	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1144	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	1145
	1146	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	1147
	1148	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	1149
	1150	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	1151
	1152	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	1153
	1154	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	1155
[1839]	1156
[1912]	1157	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	1158
[1839]	1159	!
[1864]	1160	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	1161	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	1162	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	1163	!!
	1164	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	1165	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	1166	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	1167	!
	1168	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	1169	!
	1170	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	1171	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	1172	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	1173	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1174	!!
	1175	!!-- bottom intersection point
	1176	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	1177	!!
	1178	!!-- top intersection point
	1179	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	1180	! ELSE
	1181	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	1182	! ENDIF
	1183	! ENDDO
	1184	!
	1185	!
	1186	! DO j = nys, nyn
	1187	!!
	1188	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	1189	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	1190	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	1191	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1192	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	1193	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1194	!!
	1195	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	1196	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	1197	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	1198	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1199	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	1200	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	1201	!!
	1202	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1203	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1204	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1205	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1206	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1207	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1208	! dz_int = dz
	1209	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1210	!!
	1211	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1212	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1213	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1214	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1215	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1216	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1217	! ENDIF
	1218	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1219	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1220	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1221	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1222	! ENDIF
	1223	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1224	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1225	! ENDIF
	1226	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1227	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1228	! ENDIF
	1229	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1230	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1231	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1232	! ENDIF
	1233	! ENDDO
	1234	! ENDIF
	1235	! ENDDO
	1236	! ENDIF
[1819]	1237	!
[1864]	1238	! ENDDO
[1819]	1239	!
[1912]	1240	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1241
[1864]	1242	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1243
[3065]	1244	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1245	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1246
[1912]	1247	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[3685]	1248
[3885]	1249	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
[1839]	1250
[1864]	1251	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1252
	1253
[1819]	1254	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1255	! Description:
	1256	! ------------
	1257	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1258	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1259	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1260	!
	1261	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1262
[1839]	1263
[1864]	1264	IMPLICIT NONE
	1265
	1266	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1267	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1268
[1864]	1269	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1270
	1271	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1272
[1864]	1273	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1274	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1275	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1276	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1277	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1278	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1279	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1280	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1281	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1282	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1283
[1864]	1284	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1285	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1286	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1287
[1864]	1288	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1289	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1290
[1864]	1291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1296
[1864]	1297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1302
[1864]	1303	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1304
[1864]	1305	!
	1306	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1307	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1308
[2323]	1309	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1310
	1311	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1312	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1313	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1314	ENDIF
	1315	!
	1316	!-- Read distribution table:
	1317
	1318	dlen = 0
	1319
[2323]	1320	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1321
	1322	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1323	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1324	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1325	dlen = dlen + 1
	1326	ENDDO rloop3
	1327
	1328	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1329
	1330	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1331	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1332	ENDDO
	1333
	1334	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1335	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1336	ENDDO
	1337
	1338	!
	1339	!-- Read layout table:
	1340
[1839]	1341	dlen = 0
[1864]	1342
[2323]	1343	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1344
[1843]	1345	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1346	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1347	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1348	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1349	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1350
[1839]	1351	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1352	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1353	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1354	ENDDO
	1355	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1356	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1357	ENDDO
[1819]	1358
[1864]	1359	!
	1360	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1361
[1864]	1362	dlen = 0
	1363
[2323]	1364	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1365
[1843]	1366	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1367	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1368	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1369	dlen = dlen + 1
	1370	ENDDO rloop2
	1371
[1912]	1372	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1373	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1374
	1375	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1376	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1377	ENDDO
	1378
[1839]	1379	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1380	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1381	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1382	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1383	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1384	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1385	ENDDO
[1864]	1386
[1839]	1387	ENDDO
[1864]	1388
	1389	dlenbl = dlen
	1390
[2323]	1391	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1392
[1864]	1393	!
[2836]	1394	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
	1395	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
[1864]	1396	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1397	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1398	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1399
[2836]	1400	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1401	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
	1402	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1403	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1404
[1864]	1405	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1406	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1407
[2836]	1408	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1409	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
[1864]	1410
[2836]	1411	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
[1864]	1412
[2836]	1413	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1414	!
	1415	!-- Find position in table 1
	1416	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1417	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1864]	1418
[4144]	1419	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
[2836]	1420	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1421	ENDIF
[1864]	1422
[2836]	1423	trow = lct(1)
	1424	!
	1425	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
	1426	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1427	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1428	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1429	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1864]	1430
[4144]	1431	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1432	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1433	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[2836]	1434	ENDIF
	1435
	1436	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1437	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1438	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1439	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1440	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1441
[3593]	1442	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
[2836]	1443	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
	1444	! explicitly
	1445	ELSE
	1446	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1447	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1448	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1449	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1450	!
[3593]	1451	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
[2836]	1452	!-- explicitly
	1453	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1454	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
	1455	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1456	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
	1457	ENDIF
	1458
	1459	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1460
[1864]	1461	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1462	ialpha = 1
[2836]	1463
[2152]	1464	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1465	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1466	ENDDO
[1819]	1467
[1864]	1468	!
[1912]	1469	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1470	!-- segments and angles of attack
[3182]	1471
[1912]	1472	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1473	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1474	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1475	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1476	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1477	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1478	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1479	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1480	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1481	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1482	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1483	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1484	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1485	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1486	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1487	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1488	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1489	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1490	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1491	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1492	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1493	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1494	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1495	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[2836]	1496
[1912]	1497	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[2836]	1498
	1499	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
[1819]	1500
[2836]	1501
[1912]	1502	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1503
	1504
[1864]	1505	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1506	! Description:
	1507	! ------------
	1508	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1509	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1511	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1512
[1864]	1513
	1514	IMPLICIT NONE
	1515
	1516	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1517	!
	1518	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1519	!-- the rotors
	1520	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1521	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1522	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1523
	1524	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1525	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1526	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1527
	1528	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1529	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1530	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1531
[1864]	1532	!
	1533	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1534	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1535
[1912]	1536	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1537	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1538	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1539	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1540	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1541	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1542	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1543	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1544	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1545	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1546	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1547	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1548	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1549	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1550	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1551	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1552	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1553	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1554	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1555	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1556	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1557	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1558	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1559	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1560
[1864]	1561	!
	1562	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1563	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1564	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1565	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1566	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1567
	1568	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1569
	1570
[1819]	1571	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1572	! Description:
	1573	! ------------
[1839]	1574	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1575	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1576	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1577
[1864]	1578
[1819]	1579	IMPLICIT NONE
	1580
[2669]	1581	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
[1819]	1582
[1839]	1583	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1584	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1585	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
[3241]	1586	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
	1587	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
[1839]	1588	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1589
[2232]	1590	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1591	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1592	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1593
	1594	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1595	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1596
	1597	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1598
	1599
[1839]	1600	!
[1819]	1601	! Variables for pitch control
[3241]	1602	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1839]	1603
[3241]	1604	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
	1605	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
[2152]	1606
	1607	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1608
	1609
[1864]	1610	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1611
	1612
	1613	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1614
[1864]	1615	!
[1819]	1616	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1617	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1618	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1619	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1620	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1621	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1622	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1623	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1624	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1625	!
	1626	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1627	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1628
	1629	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1630	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1631	!
[1839]	1632	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[3832]	1633
	1634	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
	1635	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
	1636	!$OMP DO
[1819]	1637	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1638
	1639	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1640	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1641	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1642	!
	1643	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1644	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1645
	1646	!
[1839]	1647	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1648	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1649	!
[1864]	1650	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1651	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1652	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1653	!
[1864]	1654	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1655	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1656	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1657	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1658	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1659	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1660
[1864]	1661	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1662	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1663	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1664	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1665	re(3) = sin_rot
	1666
	1667	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1668	!
	1669	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1670	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1671	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1672	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1673
[1864]	1674	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1675	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1676	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1677	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1678	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1679
	1680	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1681	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1682
	1683	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1684	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1685
	1686	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1687	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1688
	1689	!
	1690	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1691
	1692	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1693	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[3065]	1694	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
[1819]	1695	!
[1864]	1696	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1697	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1698	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1699	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1700
[1839]	1701	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1702	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1703	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1704	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1705	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1706	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1707	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1708	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1709	gg = dx * dy
	1710
[1864]	1711	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1712	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1713	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1714	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1715	) / gg
	1716
[1864]	1717	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1718	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1719	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1720	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1721	) / gg
	1722
[1864]	1723	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
[3065]	1724	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
[1819]	1725	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1726
	1727	ELSE
	1728	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1729	ENDIF
	1730	ELSE
	1731	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1732	ENDIF
	1733
	1734
	1735	!
	1736	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1737	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1738	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[3065]	1739	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
[1819]	1740	!
[1864]	1741	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1742	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1743	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1744	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1745
[1839]	1746	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1747	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1748	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1749	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1750	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1751	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1752	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1753	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1754	gg = dx * dy
	1755
[1864]	1756	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1757	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1758	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1759	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1760	) / gg
	1761
[1864]	1762	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1763	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1764	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1765	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1766	) / gg
	1767
[1864]	1768	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
[3065]	1769	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
[1819]	1770	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1771
	1772	ELSE
	1773	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1774	ENDIF
	1775	ELSE
	1776	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1777	ENDIF
	1778
	1779
	1780	!
	1781	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1782	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1783	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[3065]	1784	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
[1819]	1785	!
[1864]	1786	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1787	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1788	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1789	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1790
[1839]	1791	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1792	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1793	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1794	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1795	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1796	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1797	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1798	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1799	gg = dx * dy
	1800
[1864]	1801	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1802	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1803	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1804	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1805	) / gg
	1806
[1864]	1807	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1808	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1809	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1810	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1811	) / gg
	1812
[1864]	1813	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
[3065]	1814	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
[1819]	1815	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1816	ELSE
	1817	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1818	ENDIF
	1819	ELSE
	1820	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1821	ENDIF
	1822
	1823	ENDDO
	1824	ENDDO
[3832]	1825	!$OMP END PARALLEL
[1819]	1826
	1827	ENDDO
	1828
	1829	!
	1830	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1831	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1832	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1833	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1834	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1835	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1836	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1837	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1838	#else
	1839	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1840	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1841	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1842	#endif
	1843
	1844
	1845	!
	1846	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1847
[1819]	1848	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1849	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1850
[1912]	1851	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1852	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1853	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1854	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1855	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1856	ELSE
	1857	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1858	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1859	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1860	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1861	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1862	ENDIF
[1819]	1863	ENDIF
	1864
[1839]	1865	!
	1866	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[3832]	1867	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
	1868	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
	1869	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
	1870	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
	1871	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
	1872	!$OMP DO
[1819]	1873	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1874	!
	1875	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1876	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1877	!
	1878	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1879	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1880	!
[1839]	1881	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1882	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1883	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1884	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1885	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1886	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1887	!
[1839]	1888	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1889	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1890	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1891	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1892	re(3) = sin_rot
	1893
[1864]	1894	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1895	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1896	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1897	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1898
	1899	!
[1864]	1900	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1901	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1902	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1903	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1904	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1905	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1906	!
	1907	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1908	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1909	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1910	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1911	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1912	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1913	!
	1914	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1915	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1916
	1917	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1918
	1919	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1920
	1921	!
[1864]	1922	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1923	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1924	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1925	!
[1864]	1926	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[2553]	1927	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
[1819]	1928	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1929	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1930	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1931	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1932	!
	1933	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1934	!
[1819]	1935	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1936	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1937	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1938	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1939	!
[1864]	1940	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1941	!-- direction:
	1942	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1943	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1944	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1945	!
[1864]	1946	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1947	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1948
[1864]	1949	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1950	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1951	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1952
	1953	!
[1864]	1954	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1955	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1956
	1957	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1958	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1959
	1960	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1961	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1962	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1963	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1964	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1965	ELSE
[1864]	1966	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1967	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1968	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1969	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1970	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1971	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1972	ENDIF
	1973
	1974	!
[1864]	1975	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1976	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1977	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1978	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1979	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1980	!
[1864]	1981	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1982	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1983	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1984	!
[1864]	1985	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1986	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1987	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1988	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1989	!
[1864]	1990	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[3139]	1991	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1992
	1993	!
[1864]	1994	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1995	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1996	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1997	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1998	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1999
	2000	!
[1864]	2001	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	2002	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	2003	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	2004	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2005
	2006	!
[1864]	2007	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	2008	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	2009
	2010	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	2011	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2012	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	2013	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	2014	ELSE
[1864]	2015	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	2016	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	2017	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	2018	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	2019	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	2020	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	2021	ENDIF
	2022
	2023	!
	2024	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	2025	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
[2836]	2026	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
	2027	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
[1864]	2028	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[2836]	2029	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
[1819]	2030	!
	2031	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	2032	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	2033	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	2034	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	2035	!
[1864]	2036	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	2037	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	2038	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	2039	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	2040
	2041	!
[1864]	2042	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	2043	!-- angles given in radian:
	2044	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	2045	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	2046
[2152]	2047	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	2048
	2049	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	2050	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	2051	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	2052	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	2053	!--
	2054	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	2055	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	2056	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	2057
	2058	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	2059
[2894]	2060	ENDIF
[1819]	2061	!
	2062	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2063	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	2064	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2065
	2066	!
[1864]	2067	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	2068
	2069	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	2070	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	2071
	2072	!
[1864]	2073	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	2074	!-- for each ring segment:
	2075	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	2076	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	2077	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2078
	2079	!
[1864]	2080	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	2081	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	2082	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	2083	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	2084	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	2085	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	2086	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2087	!
	2088	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	2089	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	2090	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	2091
	2092	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	2093	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	2094
[1912]	2095	!
	2096	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
[3832]	2097	!$OMP CRITICAL
[1912]	2098	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	2099	thrust_seg(rseg)
	2100
	2101
[1819]	2102	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
[3832]	2103	!$OMP END CRITICAL
[1819]	2104
[1864]	2105	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	2106
	2107	!
[1864]	2108	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	2109	!-- each ring:
[1819]	2110	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	2111	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	2112	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	2113
	2114
[1864]	2115	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[3832]	2116	!$OMP END PARALLEL
[1819]	2117
	2118
[1864]	2119	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	2120
[1912]	2121
	2122	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2123	!
	2124	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	2125
	2126	!
	2127	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	2128	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	2129	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	2130	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	2131	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	2132	( inertia_rot + &
	2133	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	2134
[1912]	2135	!
	2136	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	2137	!-- and rotor speed
	2138	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	2139
	2140	ENDIF
	2141
[1864]	2142	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	2143
[1912]	2144	!
	2145	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	2146	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	2147	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	2148	!-- gain
	2149	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	2150	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	2151	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	2152	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	2153	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	2154	!
	2155	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	2156	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	2157	ENDIF
[1912]	2158
	2159	!
	2160	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	2161	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	2162	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	2163	ENDIF
[1912]	2164	EXIT pit_loop
	2165	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	2166
[1864]	2167
[1819]	2168	!
[1864]	2169	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	2170
[1819]	2171	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2172	!
[1864]	2173	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2174	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2175	THEN
	2176	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2177	THEN
[1864]	2178	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2179	ENDIF
[1912]	2180	ENDIF
[1864]	2181
[1819]	2182	ENDIF
	2183
	2184
[1864]	2185	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	2186
[1864]	2187	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	2188
	2189
[1864]	2190	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	2191	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	2192	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	2193	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2194	!
[1864]	2195	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	2196	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	2197	!
	2198	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	2199	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	2200	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	2201	!-- consideration
[1819]	2202	!
[1864]	2203	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	2204	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	2205	!
	2206	!--
	2207	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	2208	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	2209	eps_min ) / dx )
	2210	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	2211	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	2212
[3832]	2213	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
	2214	!$OMP DO
[1864]	2215	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2216	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	2217	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2218	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	2219	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	2220	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	2221	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	2222	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2223	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2224	!
[2232]	2225	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
[4329]	2226	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[2232]	2227
	2228	!
[1819]	2229	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	2230	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2231	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2232	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
[3065]	2233	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1864]	2234	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2235	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
[3065]	2236	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1864]	2237	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2238	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
[3065]	2239	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2240
	2241	!
	2242	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2243	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2244	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2245	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2246	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2247	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2248	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2249	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2250	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2251	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2252	flag
[1819]	2253	ENDIF
	2254	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2255	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2256	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2257	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2258	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2259	flag
[1819]	2260	ENDIF
	2261	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2262	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2263	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2264	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2265	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2266	flag
[1819]	2267	ENDIF
	2268
	2269	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2270	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2271
	2272	!
	2273	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2274	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2275	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2276	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2277	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2278	) * flag
[1819]	2279
[2232]	2280	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2281	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2282	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2283	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2284	) * flag
[1819]	2285
[2232]	2286	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2287	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2288	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2289	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2290	) * flag
[1819]	2291
	2292	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2293	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2294	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
[3832]	2295	!$OMP END PARALLEL
[1819]	2296
[1864]	2297	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2298
[1912]	2299	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2300
	2301
	2302	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2303	!
	2304	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2305	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2306	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2307	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2308	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2309	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2310	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2311
[1864]	2312	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2313	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2314	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2315	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2316	start_up = .FALSE.
	2317	ENDIF
	2318
	2319	!
	2320	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2321	!--
	2322	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2323	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2324	!
	2325	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2326	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2327	THEN
	2328	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2329	THEN
[1864]	2330
[1819]	2331	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2332
[1912]	2333	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2334	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2335	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2336	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2337	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2338
	2339	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2340
[1819]	2341	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2342
[1819]	2343	ENDIF
	2344	ENDIF
	2345
[1864]	2346	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2347
	2348	!
[1929]	2349	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2350	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2351	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2352	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2353	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2354	comm2d, ierr )
	2355	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2356	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2357	#else
	2358	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2359	wdir = wdir_l
	2360	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2361
	2362
[1929]	2363	#endif
[1819]	2364	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2365	!
	2366	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2367	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2368
	2369	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2370
[2894]	2371	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2372
	2373	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2374	!
	2375	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2376	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2377	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2378	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2379	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2380	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2381	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2382	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2383	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2384	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2385	#else
	2386	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2387	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2388	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2389	#endif
[1864]	2390
	2391	ENDIF
[1819]	2392
	2393	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2394
	2395	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2396	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2397	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2398	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2399	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2400	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2401	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2402	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2403	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2404	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2405
[1819]	2406	ELSE
	2407
[2669]	2408	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
	2409	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
	2410	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
	2411	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2412	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2413	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2414	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2415	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2416	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2417	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2418	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2419	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2420	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2421	ENDIF
	2422	ENDIF
	2423
[1912]	2424	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2425	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2426	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2427
	2428	ENDIF
	2429
[1864]	2430	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2431
[1912]	2432	!
	2433	!-- Formats
[1819]	2434	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2435	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
[4326]	2436	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed GenTorque AeroTorque ', &
	2437	'Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) RotThrust WDirection ', &
	2438	'YawOrient')
[1819]	2439
[4326]	2440	106 FORMAT (F9.2,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F12.1,3X,F12.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F12.1,2X, &
	2441	F12.1,1X,F12.1,4X,F7.2,4X,F7.2)
[1819]	2442
	2443
	2444	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2445
	2446
[1839]	2447	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2448	! Description:
	2449	! ------------
	2450	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2451	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2452	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2453
[1819]	2454	USE kinds
[1839]	2455
	2456	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2457
	2458	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2459	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2460	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2461
	2462	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2463
	2464	!
[1864]	2465	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2466	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
[3593]	2467	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2468	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
[1864]	2469	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2470	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2471	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2472	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2473	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2474	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2475	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2476	!
	2477	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2478	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2479	!
[1864]	2480	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2481	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2482	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2483	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2484	!
[1864]	2485	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2486	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2487
	2488	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2489	!
[1864]	2490	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2491	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2492	!
[1864]	2493	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2494	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2495	!
[1864]	2496	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2497	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2498	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2499	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2500	ENDIF
	2501	ENDIF
	2502
	2503	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2504
	2505	!
[1864]	2506	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2507	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2508	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2509
	2510	ELSE
	2511	!
	2512	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2513	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2514	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2515	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2516	!
[1864]	2517	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2518	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2519	!
	2520	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2521	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2522	!
	2523	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2524	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2525	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2526	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2527	!
	2528	!-- Continue yawing
	2529	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2530	ELSE
[1864]	2531	!
	2532	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2533	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2534	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2535	ENDIF
	2536	ELSE
[1864]	2537	!
	2538	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2539	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2540	ENDIF
	2541
	2542	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2543
	2544	ENDIF
	2545
[1839]	2546	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2547
[1864]	2548
[1819]	2549	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2550	! Description:
	2551	! ------------
[1864]	2552	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2553	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2554	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2555
	2556
	2557	IMPLICIT NONE
	2558
	2559	!
	2560	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2561	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2562	!
	2563	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2564	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2565	!
	2566	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2567	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2568	!
	2569	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2570	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2571	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2572	!
	2573	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2574	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2575	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
[2410]	2576	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
[1864]	2577	!
	2578	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2579	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2580	!
	2581	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2582	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
[2563]	2583	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	2584	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2585	ENDIF
[1864]	2586
	2587	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2588
	2589
	2590	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2591	! Description:
	2592	! ------------
	2593	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2594	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2595	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2596
	2597
	2598	IMPLICIT NONE
	2599
[1912]	2600	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2601
	2602
[1864]	2603
	2604	!
	2605	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2606	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2607	!-- offshore system developement"
	2608
	2609	!
	2610	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2611	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2612	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2613	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2614	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2615
	2616	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2617	!
	2618	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2619	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2620
	2621	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2622	!
	2623	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2624	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2625
	2626	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2627	!
	2628	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2629	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2630	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2631
	2632	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2633	!
	2634	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2635	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2636
	2637	ELSE
	2638	!
	2639	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2640	!-- keep the power constant:
	2641	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2642
	2643	ENDIF
	2644	!
	2645	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2646	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2647	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2648	!
	2649	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2650	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2651	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2652	!
	2653	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2654	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2655
	2656
	2657	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2658
	2659
	2660	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2661	! Description:
	2662	! ------------
[1839]	2663	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2664	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2665	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2666	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3875]	2667	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
[1819]	2668
	2669
[3875]	2670	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
	2671
[1839]	2672	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2673	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2674	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2675
	2676
[3875]	2677	SELECT CASE ( location )
[1819]	2678
[3875]	2679	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
	2680
	2681	CALL wtm_forces
	2682
	2683	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
[1819]	2684	!
	2685	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2686	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2687	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2688	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2689	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2690	!
[1864]	2691	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2692	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[2553]	2693	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2694	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2695	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2553]	2696
[2232]	2697	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2698	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2699	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4329]	2700	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2701	ENDDO
	2702	ENDDO
	2703	ENDDO
	2704	ENDIF
	2705
[3875]	2706	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
[1819]	2707	!
	2708	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2709	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2710	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2711	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2712	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2713	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2714	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2715	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2716	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2717	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2718	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2719	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4329]	2720	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2721	ENDDO
	2722	ENDDO
	2723	ENDDO
	2724	ENDIF
	2725
[3875]	2726	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
[1819]	2727	!
	2728	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2729	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2730	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2731	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2732	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2733	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2734	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4329]	2735	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2736	ENDDO
	2737	ENDDO
	2738	ENDDO
	2739	ENDIF
	2740
	2741
	2742	CASE DEFAULT
[4056]	2743	CONTINUE
[1819]	2744
	2745	END SELECT
	2746
	2747
[3875]	2748	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
[1819]	2749
	2750
	2751	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2752	! Description:
	2753	! ------------
[1839]	2754	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2755	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2756	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2757	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3875]	2758	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
[1819]	2759
	2760
[3875]	2761	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
[1839]	2762	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2763	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2764	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2765
[3875]	2766	SELECT CASE ( location )
[1819]	2767
[3875]	2768	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
	2769
	2770	CALL wtm_forces
	2771
	2772	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
[1819]	2773	!
	2774	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2775	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2776	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2777	!
[1839]	2778	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2779	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2780	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2781	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2782	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2783	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2784	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2785	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4329]	2786	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2787	ENDDO
	2788	ENDIF
	2789
[3875]	2790	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
[1819]	2791	!
	2792	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2793	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2794	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2795	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2796	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2797	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2798	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2799	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2800	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2801	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4329]	2802	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[2553]	2803	ENDDO
[1819]	2804	ENDIF
	2805
[3875]	2806	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
[1819]	2807	!
	2808	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2809	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2810	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2811	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2812	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4329]	2813	BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2814	ENDDO
	2815	ENDIF
	2816
	2817
	2818	CASE DEFAULT
[4056]	2819	CONTINUE
[1819]	2820
	2821	END SELECT
	2822
	2823
[3875]	2824	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
[1819]	2825
	2826	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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