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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4210

Last change on this file since 4210 was 4182, checked in by scharf, 5 years ago
corrected "Former revisions" section minor formatting in "Former revisions" section added "Author" section
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 118.2 KB

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[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1819]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3885]	17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
[3655]	18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[3139]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z suehring $
[4182]	28	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	29	!
	30	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
[4144]	31	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
	32	!
	33	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
[4056]	34	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
	35	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
	36	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
	37	!
	38	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	39	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	40	! of additional debug messages
	41	!
	42	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
[3875]	43	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
	44	!
	45	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
[3832]	46	! instrumented with openmp directives
	47	!
	48	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
[3725]	49	! unused variables removed
	50	!
	51	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
[3685]	52	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	53	!
	54	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3593]	55	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
[4182]	56	!
	57	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
	58	! Initial revision
	59	!
[3593]	60	!
[1819]	61	! Description:
	62	! ------------
	63	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	64	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	65	!> (ADM-R).
	66	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	67	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	68	!> yaw.
	69	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	70	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	71	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	72	!> automatically).
	73	!>
[3065]	74	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
[1819]	75	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	76	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	77	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	78	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	79	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	80	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	81	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	82	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	83	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	84	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	85	!
	86	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	87	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	88
	89	USE arrays_3d, &
[2553]	90	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[1819]	91
[3274]	92	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[2553]	93	ONLY: pi
[1819]	94
	95	USE control_parameters, &
[3885]	96	ONLY: coupling_char, &
	97	debug_output, &
	98	dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
[2894]	99	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
[1819]	100
	101	USE cpulog, &
	102	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	103
	104	USE grid_variables, &
	105	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	106
	107	USE indices, &
	108	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	109	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	110
	111	USE kinds
	112
	113	USE pegrid
	114
	115
	116	IMPLICIT NONE
	117
[1864]	118	PRIVATE
[1819]	119
	120	!
	121	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	122
[1864]	123	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	124	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	125
[1839]	126	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	127	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	128	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	129	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	130
[1839]	131	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	132	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	133	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	134	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	135	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	136	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	137
[1912]	138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
[2553]	139	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
[1912]	140	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	141	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	143	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	144	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	145	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	146	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
[3725]	147	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
[1912]	148	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	149
[1819]	150	!
	151	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	152	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	153
[1912]	154	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	155	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	156	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	157	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	158	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	159	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	160	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	161	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	162	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	163	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	164	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	165	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	166	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	167	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	168
[1912]	169
[1819]	170	!
	171	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	172
[1839]	173	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	174	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	175	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	176
[1819]	177	!
	178	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	179	TYPE file_status
	180	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	181	END TYPE file_status
	182
[1912]	183	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	184	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	185
	186	!
	187	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	188
[1839]	189	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	190	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	191	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	192	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	193	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	194
[1839]	195	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	196
[1912]	197	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	198	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	199	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	200	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	201	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	202	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	203	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	204	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	205
[1912]	206	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	207
[1912]	208	!
	209	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	210	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	211	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	212	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	213	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	214	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	215	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
[1819]	216
[1839]	217	!
	218	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	219	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	223
[1912]	224	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	225	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	226
[1912]	227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	229
[1912]	230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	231	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	232
	233	!
	234	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	235
[1839]	236	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
	237	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	238	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	239	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	240	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	241	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	242	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	243	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	244	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	245	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	246	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[3832]	247	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
	248	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
[1912]	249	!
	250	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	251	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	252	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	253	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	254	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[3832]	255	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
[1819]	256
[1912]	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	266
	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	269
	270	!
	271	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	278
	279	!
	280	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	284
	285	!
	286	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	290
	291	!
	292	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	296
	297	!
	298	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	302	!
	303	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	305
[1839]	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	315
[1839]	316	!
	317	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	318
[1912]	319	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	320
[1912]	321	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	322	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	323	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	324	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	325	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	326	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	327	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	328	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1819]	329
[1864]	330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[2563]	331
[1839]	332	!
	333	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	334
[1912]	335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	345	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	346	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	347	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	348
[2563]	349	!
	350	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
	351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
	352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
	353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
	354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
	355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
	356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
	357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
[1819]	358
[2563]	359
[1839]	360	SAVE
[1819]	361
[1839]	362
	363	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	364	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	365	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[2563]	366
[1912]	367	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	368	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	369	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[3875]	370
[1839]	371	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	372	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	373	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	374
	375	INTERFACE wtm_init
	376	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	377	END INTERFACE wtm_init
[2553]	378
[3875]	379	INTERFACE wtm_actions
	380	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
	381	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
	382	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
[1819]	383
[3875]	384	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
	385	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
	386	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
[1819]	387
[3875]	388	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
	389	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
	390	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
[2563]	391
[3875]	392
	393	PUBLIC &
	394	wtm_parin, &
	395	wtm_check_parameters, &
	396	wtm_init_arrays, &
	397	wtm_init, &
	398	wtm_actions, &
	399	wtm_rrd_global, &
	400	wtm_wrd_global
	401
	402
[1819]	403	CONTAINS
	404
	405
	406	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	407	! Description:
	408	! ------------
[1839]	409	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	410	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	411	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	412
	413
	414	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	415
[1839]	416	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	417
	418	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	419	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	420	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	421	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	422	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	423	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	424	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	425	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[3725]	426	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2152]	427	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[3725]	428	! , turb_cd_nacelle
[2932]	429
	430	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
	431	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
	432	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
	433	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
	434	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
	435	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
	436	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	437	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
	438	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[3725]	439	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2932]	440	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[3725]	441	! , turb_cd_nacelle
[1819]	442	!
[1839]	443	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	444	REWIND ( 11 )
	445	line = ' '
[3248]	446	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	447	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[1839]	448	ENDDO
	449	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	450
	451	!
	452	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	453	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	454	!
	455	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	456	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	457
[3246]	458	GOTO 14
[2932]	459
[3246]	460	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	461	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	462	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
[3246]	463
[2932]	464	!
	465	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
[3246]	466	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	467	line = ' '
[3248]	468	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	469	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	470	ENDDO
	471	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	472
	473	!
	474	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	475	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2932]	476
	477	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
[3046]	478	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	479	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
	480	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
	481
[1839]	482	!
	483	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	484	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	485
[3246]	486	GOTO 14
[2563]	487
[3246]	488	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	489	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	490	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
[1839]	491
[3246]	492	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
	493
	494
[1839]	495	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	496
[2563]	497
	498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	499	! Description:
	500	! ------------
[2894]	501	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
[2576]	502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	503	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
[2576]	504
	505
[2563]	506	IMPLICIT NONE
[2776]	507
[2563]	508
[2894]	509	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
[2563]	510	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
[2894]	511
	512	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
[2563]	513	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
[2894]	514
	515	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
[2563]	516	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
[2894]	517
	518	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
[2563]	519	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
[2894]	520
	521	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
[2563]	522	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
[2894]	523
	524	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
	525	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
	526
	527	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
[2563]	528	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
[2894]	529
	530	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
[2563]	531	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
[2894]	532
	533	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
[2563]	534	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
[2894]	535
	536	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
[2563]	537	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
[2894]	538
[2563]	539
[2894]	540	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
[2563]	541
	542
	543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	544	! Description:
	545	! ------------
	546	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
	547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	548	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
[2563]	549
	550
[2894]	551	USE control_parameters, &
	552	ONLY: length, restart_string
	553
	554
[2563]	555	IMPLICIT NONE
	556
[2894]	557	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
[2563]	558
	559
[2894]	560	found = .TRUE.
[2563]	561
	562
[2894]	563	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[2563]	564
[2894]	565	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
	566	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
	567	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
	568	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
	569	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
	570	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
	571	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
	572	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
	573	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
	574	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
	575	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
	576	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
	577	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
	578	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
	579	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
	580	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
	581	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
	582	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
	583	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
	584	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
[2563]	585
[2894]	586	CASE DEFAULT
[2563]	587
[2894]	588	found = .FALSE.
[2563]	589
[2894]	590	END SELECT
	591
[2563]	592
[2894]	593	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
	594
	595
[2563]	596	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	597	! Description:
	598	! ------------
	599	!> Check namelist parameter
	600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	601	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	602
	603
	604	IMPLICIT NONE
	605
	606	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	607	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	608	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	609	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	610	ENDIF
	611
[2322]	612	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	613	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[2792]	614	'a value equal or larger than zero'
[2322]	615	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	616	ENDIF
	617
	618
	619	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	620	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	621	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	622
	623	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	624	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	625	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	626
	627	ENDIF
	628
	629
	630	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	631
	632
[1839]	633	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	634	! Description:
	635	! ------------
	636	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	637	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	638	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	639
	640
	641	IMPLICIT NONE
	642
[1864]	643	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	644	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	645
[1839]	646	!
	647	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	648	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	649
	650	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	651	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	652
	653	nrings(:) = 0
	654	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	655
	656	!
	657	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	658	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	659	delta_t_factor = segment_length
[3065]	660	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
[1819]	661
	662	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	663	!
	664	!-- Determine number of rings:
	665	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	666
	667	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	668
	669	ENDDO
	670
	671	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	672
	673	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	674	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	675
	676	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	677	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	678
	679
	680	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	681	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	682	!
	683	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	684	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	685	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	686	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	687	ENDDO
	688	!
	689	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	690	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	691
	692	ENDDO
	693
	694	!
	695	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	696	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	697
[1864]	698	!!
	699	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	700	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	701	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	702	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	703	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	704	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	705	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	706	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	707	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	708	! ENDIF
[1819]	709
	710
	711	!
	712	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	713	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	714	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	715	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	716	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	717	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	718	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	719	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	720	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	721
	722	!
	723	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	724	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	725	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	726	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	727	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	728	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	729	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	730
	731	!
	732	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	733	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	734	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	735	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	736	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	737	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	738	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	739	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	740	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	741	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	742	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	743
	744	!
	745	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	746	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	747	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	748	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	749	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	750	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	751	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	752
	753	!
	754	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	755	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	756	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	757	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	758
	759	!
	760	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	761	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	762	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	763	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	764	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	765	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	766	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	767	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	768	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	769
	770	!
	771	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	772	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	773	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	774	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	775	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	776	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	777	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	778
	779	!
	780	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	781	i_hub(:) = 0
	782	i_smear(:) = 0
	783	j_hub(:) = 0
	784	j_smear(:) = 0
	785	k_hub(:) = 0
	786	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	787
[1819]	788	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	789	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	790
[2563]	791	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	792	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	793	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	794	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	795	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	796	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	797	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	798	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	799	ENDIF
	800
[1819]	801	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
[3069]	802	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	803	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	804	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
[3069]	805	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
	806	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	807
	808	!
	809	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	810	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	811	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	812	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	813	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	814	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	815	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	816	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	817	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	818	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	819	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	820
	821	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	822	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	823	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	824	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	825	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	826	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	827
	828	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	829	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	830	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	831
[1912]	832	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	833	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	834	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	835	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	836	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	837	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	838	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	839	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	840
	841	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	842	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	843	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	844	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	845	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	846	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	847
	848
[1839]	849	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	850
	851
	852	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	853	! Description:
	854	! ------------
[1839]	855	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	856	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	857	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	858
[1839]	859
[3065]	860	USE control_parameters, &
	861	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
	862
[1819]	863	IMPLICIT NONE
	864
	865	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	866	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	867	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	868
[1819]	869	!
[1864]	870	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	871	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	872
[1839]	873	!
[1864]	874	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	875	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	876	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
	877
	878	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	879
	880	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	881	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	882	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	883	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	884
[3885]	885	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
[3685]	886
[1864]	887	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	888	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	889	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	890	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	891
[1839]	892	!
[1819]	893	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	894	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	895	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	896	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	897	!
[1839]	898	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	899	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	900
[1839]	901	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	902	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	903	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	904	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	905	!
[1839]	906	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	907	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	908	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	909	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	910	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	911	!
[3065]	912	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
	913	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
	914	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
	915	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
[3174]	916	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
	917	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
	918	eps_min) THEN
[3065]	919	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
	920	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
[3174]	921	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
	922	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
[3066]	923	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[3065]	924	ENDIF
	925	!
[1819]	926	!-- Square of eps_min:
	927	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	928	!
	929	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	930	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	931	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	932	!
[1839]	933	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	934	!-- function:
	935	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	936
[1864]	937	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	938	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	939
[1819]	940	!
[1864]	941	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
[2563]	942	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	943	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
	944	ENDIF
[1819]	945
[1864]	946
[1819]	947	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	948	!
[1864]	949	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	950	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	951
	952	!
	953	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	954	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	955	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
[3065]	956	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
[1819]	957
	958	!
	959	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	960	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	961	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	962	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	963	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	964	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
[3065]	965	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
[1864]	966
[1819]	967	ENDDO
	968
	969	!
[2792]	970	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
	971	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
	972	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	973
[3875]	974	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
[2792]	975
	976	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	977
	978	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	979
	980	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	981	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	982	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	983	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	984	ENDIF
	985
	986	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	987	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	988	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	989	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	990	ENDIF
	991
	992	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	993	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	994	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	995	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	996	ENDIF
	997
	998	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	999	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1000	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1001	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1002	ENDIF
	1003
	1004	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1005	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1006
	1007	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
	1008
	1009	ENDIF
	1010	ENDIF
	1011
	1012	END DO
	1013
	1014	ENDIF
	1015
	1016	ENDIF
	1017
	1018	!
[1819]	1019	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	1020	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	1021	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	1022	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1023	!
	1024	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	1025	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	1026
	1027	!
	1028	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	1029	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	1030	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	1031
	1032	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	1033
	1034	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1035
[1839]	1036
	1037	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	1038	!
[1839]	1039	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	1040	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	1041	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	1042	i = i_hub(inot)
	1043
	1044	!
[1839]	1045	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1046	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	1047	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1048	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1049	!
[1839]	1050	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1051	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	1052	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	1053	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	1054	!-- in grid box 1.
[3065]	1055	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
	1056	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
[1819]	1057
	1058	!
	1059	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	1060	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	1061	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1062	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1063
	1064	!
	1065	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	1066	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	1067	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	1068
	1069	DO j = nys, nyn
	1070	!
[1839]	1071	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	1072	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	1073
[1819]	1074	DO k = nzb, nzt
	1075
	1076	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1077	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	1078	!
[1819]	1079	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1080	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1081	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[3065]	1082	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
[1912]	1083	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1084	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1085	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1086	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1087	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[3065]	1088	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
[1912]	1089	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1090	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1091	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1092	!
	1093	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1094	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1095	ELSE
[1912]	1096	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[3065]	1097	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
[1912]	1098	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1099	ENDIF
	1100	!
	1101	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1102	ELSE
[3065]	1103	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
	1104	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
[1912]	1105	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1106	ENDIF
[1839]	1107	!
	1108	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	1109	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	1110	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1111
[1839]	1112	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	1113	!
[1819]	1114	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1115	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[3065]	1116	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
[1839]	1117	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1118	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	1119	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1120	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[3065]	1121	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
[1839]	1122	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1123	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	1124	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1125	!
	1126	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1127	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1128	ELSE
[3065]	1129	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
	1130	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1131	ENDIF
[1839]	1132	!
[1819]	1133	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1134	ELSE
[3065]	1135	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
[1912]	1136	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1137	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	1138
	1139	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	1140
	1141	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	1142
	1143	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	1144
	1145	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	1146
	1147	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	1148
[1839]	1149
[1912]	1150	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	1151
[1839]	1152	!
[1864]	1153	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	1154	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	1155	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	1156	!!
	1157	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	1158	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	1159	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	1160	!
	1161	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	1162	!
	1163	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	1164	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	1165	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	1166	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1167	!!
	1168	!!-- bottom intersection point
	1169	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	1170	!!
	1171	!!-- top intersection point
	1172	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	1173	! ELSE
	1174	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	1175	! ENDIF
	1176	! ENDDO
	1177	!
	1178	!
	1179	! DO j = nys, nyn
	1180	!!
	1181	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	1182	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	1183	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	1184	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1185	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	1186	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1187	!!
	1188	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	1189	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	1190	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	1191	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1192	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	1193	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	1194	!!
	1195	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1196	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1197	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1198	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1199	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1200	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1201	! dz_int = dz
	1202	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1203	!!
	1204	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1205	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1206	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1207	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1208	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1209	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1210	! ENDIF
	1211	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1212	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1213	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1214	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1215	! ENDIF
	1216	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1217	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1218	! ENDIF
	1219	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1220	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1221	! ENDIF
	1222	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1223	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1224	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1225	! ENDIF
	1226	! ENDDO
	1227	! ENDIF
	1228	! ENDDO
	1229	! ENDIF
[1819]	1230	!
[1864]	1231	! ENDDO
[1819]	1232	!
[1912]	1233	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1234
[1864]	1235	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1236
[3065]	1237	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1238	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1239
[1912]	1240	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[3685]	1241
[3885]	1242	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
[1839]	1243
[1864]	1244	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1245
	1246
[1819]	1247	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1248	! Description:
	1249	! ------------
	1250	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1251	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1252	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1253	!
	1254	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1255
[1839]	1256
[1864]	1257	IMPLICIT NONE
	1258
	1259	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1260	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1261
[1864]	1262	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1263
	1264	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1265
[1864]	1266	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1267	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1268	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1269	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1270	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1271	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1272	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1273	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1274	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1275	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1276
[1864]	1277	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1278	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1279	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1280
[1864]	1281	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1282	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1283
[1864]	1284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1289
[1864]	1290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1295
[1864]	1296	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1297
[1864]	1298	!
	1299	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1300	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1301
[2323]	1302	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1303
	1304	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1305	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1306	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1307	ENDIF
	1308	!
	1309	!-- Read distribution table:
	1310
	1311	dlen = 0
	1312
[2323]	1313	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1314
	1315	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1316	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1317	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1318	dlen = dlen + 1
	1319	ENDDO rloop3
	1320
	1321	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1322
	1323	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1324	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1325	ENDDO
	1326
	1327	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1328	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1329	ENDDO
	1330
	1331	!
	1332	!-- Read layout table:
	1333
[1839]	1334	dlen = 0
[1864]	1335
[2323]	1336	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1337
[1843]	1338	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1339	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1340	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1341	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1342	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1343
[1839]	1344	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1345	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1346	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1347	ENDDO
	1348	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1349	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1350	ENDDO
[1819]	1351
[1864]	1352	!
	1353	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1354
[1864]	1355	dlen = 0
	1356
[2323]	1357	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1358
[1843]	1359	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1360	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1361	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1362	dlen = dlen + 1
	1363	ENDDO rloop2
	1364
[1912]	1365	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1366	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1367
	1368	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1369	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1370	ENDDO
	1371
[1839]	1372	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1373	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1374	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1375	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1376	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1377	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1378	ENDDO
[1864]	1379
[1839]	1380	ENDDO
[1864]	1381
	1382	dlenbl = dlen
	1383
[2323]	1384	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1385
[1864]	1386	!
[2836]	1387	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
	1388	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
[1864]	1389	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1390	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1391	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1392
[2836]	1393	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1394	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
	1395	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1396	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1397
[1864]	1398	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1399	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1400
[2836]	1401	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1402	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
[1864]	1403
[2836]	1404	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
[1864]	1405
[2836]	1406	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1407	!
	1408	!-- Find position in table 1
	1409	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1410	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1864]	1411
[4144]	1412	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
[2836]	1413	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1414	ENDIF
[1864]	1415
[2836]	1416	trow = lct(1)
	1417	!
	1418	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
	1419	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1420	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1421	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1422	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1864]	1423
[4144]	1424	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1425	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1426	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[2836]	1427	ENDIF
	1428
	1429	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1430	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1431	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1432	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1433	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1434
[3593]	1435	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
[2836]	1436	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
	1437	! explicitly
	1438	ELSE
	1439	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1440	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1441	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1442	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1443	!
[3593]	1444	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
[2836]	1445	!-- explicitly
	1446	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1447	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
	1448	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1449	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
	1450	ENDIF
	1451
	1452	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1453
[1864]	1454	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1455	ialpha = 1
[2836]	1456
[2152]	1457	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1458	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1459	ENDDO
[1819]	1460
[1864]	1461	!
[1912]	1462	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1463	!-- segments and angles of attack
[3182]	1464
[1912]	1465	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1466	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1467	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1468	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1469	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1470	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1471	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1472	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1473	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1474	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1475	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1476	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1477	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1478	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1479	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1480	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1481	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1482	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1483	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1484	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1485	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1486	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1487	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1488	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[2836]	1489
[1912]	1490	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[2836]	1491
	1492	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
[1819]	1493
[2836]	1494
[1912]	1495	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1496
	1497
[1864]	1498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1499	! Description:
	1500	! ------------
	1501	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1502	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1504	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1505
[1864]	1506
	1507	IMPLICIT NONE
	1508
	1509	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1510	!
	1511	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1512	!-- the rotors
	1513	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1514	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1515	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1516
	1517	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1518	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1519	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1520
	1521	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1522	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1523	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1524
[1864]	1525	!
	1526	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1527	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1528
[1912]	1529	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1530	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1531	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1532	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1533	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1534	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1535	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1536	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1537	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1538	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1539	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1540	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1541	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1542	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1543	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1544	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1545	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1546	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1547	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1548	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1549	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1550	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1551	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1552	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1553
[1864]	1554	!
	1555	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1556	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1557	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1558	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1559	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1560
	1561	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1562
	1563
[1819]	1564	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1565	! Description:
	1566	! ------------
[1839]	1567	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1568	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1569	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1570
[1864]	1571
[1819]	1572	IMPLICIT NONE
	1573
[2669]	1574	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
[1819]	1575
[1839]	1576	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1577	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1578	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
[3241]	1579	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
	1580	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
[1839]	1581	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1582
[2232]	1583	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1584	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1585	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1586
	1587	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1588	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1589
	1590	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1591
	1592
[1839]	1593	!
[1819]	1594	! Variables for pitch control
[3241]	1595	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1839]	1596
[3241]	1597	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
	1598	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
[2152]	1599
	1600	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1601
	1602
[1864]	1603	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1604
	1605
	1606	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1607
[1864]	1608	!
[1819]	1609	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1610	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1611	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1612	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1613	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1614	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1615	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1616	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1617	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1618	!
	1619	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1620	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1621
	1622	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1623	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1624	!
[1839]	1625	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[3832]	1626
	1627	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
	1628	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
	1629	!$OMP DO
[1819]	1630	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1631
	1632	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1633	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1634	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1635	!
	1636	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1637	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1638
	1639	!
[1839]	1640	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1641	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1642	!
[1864]	1643	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1644	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1645	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1646	!
[1864]	1647	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1648	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1649	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1650	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1651	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1652	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1653
[1864]	1654	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1655	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1656	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1657	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1658	re(3) = sin_rot
	1659
	1660	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1661	!
	1662	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1663	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1664	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1665	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1666
[1864]	1667	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1668	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1669	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1670	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1671	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1672
	1673	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1674	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1675
	1676	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1677	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1678
	1679	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1680	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1681
	1682	!
	1683	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1684
	1685	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1686	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[3065]	1687	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
[1819]	1688	!
[1864]	1689	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1690	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1691	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1692	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1693
[1839]	1694	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1695	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1696	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1697	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1698	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1699	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1700	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1701	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1702	gg = dx * dy
	1703
[1864]	1704	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1705	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1706	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1707	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1708	) / gg
	1709
[1864]	1710	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1711	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1712	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1713	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1714	) / gg
	1715
[1864]	1716	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
[3065]	1717	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
[1819]	1718	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1719
	1720	ELSE
	1721	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1722	ENDIF
	1723	ELSE
	1724	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1725	ENDIF
	1726
	1727
	1728	!
	1729	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1730	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1731	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[3065]	1732	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
[1819]	1733	!
[1864]	1734	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1735	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1736	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1737	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1738
[1839]	1739	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1740	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1741	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1742	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1743	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1744	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1745	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1746	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1747	gg = dx * dy
	1748
[1864]	1749	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1750	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1751	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1752	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1753	) / gg
	1754
[1864]	1755	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1756	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1757	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1758	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1759	) / gg
	1760
[1864]	1761	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
[3065]	1762	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
[1819]	1763	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1764
	1765	ELSE
	1766	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1767	ENDIF
	1768	ELSE
	1769	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1770	ENDIF
	1771
	1772
	1773	!
	1774	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1775	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1776	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[3065]	1777	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
[1819]	1778	!
[1864]	1779	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1780	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1781	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1782	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1783
[1839]	1784	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1785	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1786	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1787	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1788	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1789	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1790	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1791	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1792	gg = dx * dy
	1793
[1864]	1794	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1795	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1796	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1797	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1798	) / gg
	1799
[1864]	1800	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1801	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1802	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1803	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1804	) / gg
	1805
[1864]	1806	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
[3065]	1807	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
[1819]	1808	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1809	ELSE
	1810	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1811	ENDIF
	1812	ELSE
	1813	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1814	ENDIF
	1815
	1816	ENDDO
	1817	ENDDO
[3832]	1818	!$OMP END PARALLEL
[1819]	1819
	1820	ENDDO
	1821
	1822	!
	1823	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1824	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1825	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1826	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1827	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1828	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1829	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1830	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1831	#else
	1832	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1833	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1834	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1835	#endif
	1836
	1837
	1838	!
	1839	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1840
[1819]	1841	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1842	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1843
[1912]	1844	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1845	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1846	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1847	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1848	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1849	ELSE
	1850	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1851	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1852	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1853	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1854	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1855	ENDIF
[1819]	1856	ENDIF
	1857
[1839]	1858	!
	1859	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[3832]	1860	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
	1861	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
	1862	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
	1863	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
	1864	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
	1865	!$OMP DO
[1819]	1866	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1867	!
	1868	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1869	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1870	!
	1871	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1872	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1873	!
[1839]	1874	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1875	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1876	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1877	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1878	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1879	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1880	!
[1839]	1881	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1882	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1883	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1884	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1885	re(3) = sin_rot
	1886
[1864]	1887	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1888	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1889	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1890	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1891
	1892	!
[1864]	1893	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1894	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1895	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1896	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1897	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1898	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1899	!
	1900	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1901	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1902	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1903	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1904	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1905	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1906	!
	1907	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1908	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1909
	1910	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1911
	1912	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1913
	1914	!
[1864]	1915	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1916	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1917	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1918	!
[1864]	1919	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[2553]	1920	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
[1819]	1921	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1922	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1923	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1924	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1925	!
	1926	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1927	!
[1819]	1928	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1929	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1930	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1931	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1932	!
[1864]	1933	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1934	!-- direction:
	1935	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1936	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1937	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1938	!
[1864]	1939	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1940	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1941
[1864]	1942	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1943	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1944	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1945
	1946	!
[1864]	1947	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1948	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1949
	1950	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1951	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1952
	1953	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1954	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1955	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1956	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1957	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1958	ELSE
[1864]	1959	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1960	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1961	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1962	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1963	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1964	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1965	ENDIF
	1966
	1967	!
[1864]	1968	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1969	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1970	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1971	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1972	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1973	!
[1864]	1974	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1975	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1976	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1977	!
[1864]	1978	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1979	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1980	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1981	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1982	!
[1864]	1983	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[3139]	1984	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1985
	1986	!
[1864]	1987	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1988	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1989	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1990	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1991	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1992
	1993	!
[1864]	1994	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1995	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	1996	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	1997	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1998
	1999	!
[1864]	2000	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	2001	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	2002
	2003	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	2004	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2005	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	2006	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	2007	ELSE
[1864]	2008	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	2009	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	2010	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	2011	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	2012	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	2013	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	2014	ENDIF
	2015
	2016	!
	2017	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	2018	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
[2836]	2019	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
	2020	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
[1864]	2021	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[2836]	2022	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
[1819]	2023	!
	2024	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	2025	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	2026	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	2027	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	2028	!
[1864]	2029	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	2030	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	2031	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	2032	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	2033
	2034	!
[1864]	2035	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	2036	!-- angles given in radian:
	2037	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	2038	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	2039
[2152]	2040	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	2041
	2042	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	2043	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	2044	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	2045	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	2046	!--
	2047	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	2048	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	2049	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	2050
	2051	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	2052
[2894]	2053	ENDIF
[1819]	2054	!
	2055	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2056	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	2057	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2058
	2059	!
[1864]	2060	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	2061
	2062	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	2063	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	2064
	2065	!
[1864]	2066	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	2067	!-- for each ring segment:
	2068	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	2069	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	2070	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2071
	2072	!
[1864]	2073	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	2074	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	2075	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	2076	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	2077	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	2078	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	2079	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2080	!
	2081	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	2082	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	2083	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	2084
	2085	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	2086	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	2087
[1912]	2088	!
	2089	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
[3832]	2090	!$OMP CRITICAL
[1912]	2091	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	2092	thrust_seg(rseg)
	2093
	2094
[1819]	2095	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
[3832]	2096	!$OMP END CRITICAL
[1819]	2097
[1864]	2098	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	2099
	2100	!
[1864]	2101	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	2102	!-- each ring:
[1819]	2103	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	2104	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	2105	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	2106
	2107
[1864]	2108	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[3832]	2109	!$OMP END PARALLEL
[1819]	2110
	2111
[1864]	2112	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	2113
[1912]	2114
	2115	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2116	!
	2117	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	2118
	2119	!
	2120	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	2121	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	2122	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	2123	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	2124	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	2125	( inertia_rot + &
	2126	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	2127
[1912]	2128	!
	2129	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	2130	!-- and rotor speed
	2131	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	2132
	2133	ENDIF
	2134
[1864]	2135	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	2136
[1912]	2137	!
	2138	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	2139	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	2140	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	2141	!-- gain
	2142	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	2143	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	2144	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	2145	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	2146	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	2147	!
	2148	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	2149	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	2150	ENDIF
[1912]	2151
	2152	!
	2153	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	2154	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	2155	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	2156	ENDIF
[1912]	2157	EXIT pit_loop
	2158	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	2159
[1864]	2160
[1819]	2161	!
[1864]	2162	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	2163
[1819]	2164	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2165	!
[1864]	2166	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2167	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2168	THEN
	2169	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2170	THEN
[1864]	2171	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2172	ENDIF
[1912]	2173	ENDIF
[1864]	2174
[1819]	2175	ENDIF
	2176
	2177
[1864]	2178	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	2179
[1864]	2180	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	2181
	2182
[1864]	2183	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	2184	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	2185	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	2186	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2187	!
[1864]	2188	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	2189	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	2190	!
	2191	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	2192	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	2193	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	2194	!-- consideration
[1819]	2195	!
[1864]	2196	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	2197	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	2198	!
	2199	!--
	2200	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	2201	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	2202	eps_min ) / dx )
	2203	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	2204	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	2205
[3832]	2206	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
	2207	!$OMP DO
[1864]	2208	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2209	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	2210	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2211	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	2212	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	2213	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	2214	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	2215	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2216	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2217	!
[2232]	2218	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	2219	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	2220
	2221	!
[1819]	2222	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	2223	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2224	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2225	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
[3065]	2226	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1864]	2227	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2228	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
[3065]	2229	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1864]	2230	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2231	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
[3065]	2232	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2233
	2234	!
	2235	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2236	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2237	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2238	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2239	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2240	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2241	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2242	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2243	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2244	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2245	flag
[1819]	2246	ENDIF
	2247	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2248	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2249	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2250	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2251	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2252	flag
[1819]	2253	ENDIF
	2254	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2255	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2256	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2257	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2258	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2259	flag
[1819]	2260	ENDIF
	2261
	2262	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2263	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2264
	2265	!
	2266	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2267	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2268	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2269	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2270	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2271	) * flag
[1819]	2272
[2232]	2273	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2274	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2275	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2276	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2277	) * flag
[1819]	2278
[2232]	2279	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2280	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2281	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2282	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2283	) * flag
[1819]	2284
	2285	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2286	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2287	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
[3832]	2288	!$OMP END PARALLEL
[1819]	2289
[1864]	2290	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2291
[1912]	2292	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2293
	2294
	2295	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2296	!
	2297	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2298	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2299	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2300	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2301	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2302	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2303	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2304
[1864]	2305	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2306	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2307	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2308	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2309	start_up = .FALSE.
	2310	ENDIF
	2311
	2312	!
	2313	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2314	!--
	2315	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2316	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2317	!
	2318	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2319	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2320	THEN
	2321	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2322	THEN
[1864]	2323
[1819]	2324	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2325
[1912]	2326	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2327	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2328	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2329	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2330	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2331
	2332	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2333
[1819]	2334	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2335
[1819]	2336	ENDIF
	2337	ENDIF
	2338
[1864]	2339	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2340
	2341	!
[1929]	2342	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2343	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2344	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2345	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2346	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2347	comm2d, ierr )
	2348	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2349	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2350	#else
	2351	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2352	wdir = wdir_l
	2353	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2354
	2355
[1929]	2356	#endif
[1819]	2357	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2358	!
	2359	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2360	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2361
	2362	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2363
[2894]	2364	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2365
	2366	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2367	!
	2368	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2369	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2370	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2371	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2372	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2373	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2374	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2375	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2376	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2377	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2378	#else
	2379	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2380	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2381	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2382	#endif
[1864]	2383
	2384	ENDIF
[1819]	2385
	2386	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2387
	2388	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2389	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2390	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2391	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2392	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2393	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2394	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2395	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2396	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2397	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2398
[1819]	2399	ELSE
	2400
[2669]	2401	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
	2402	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
	2403	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
	2404	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2405	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2406	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2407	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2408	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2409	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2410	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2411	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2412	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2413	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2414	ENDIF
	2415	ENDIF
	2416
[1912]	2417	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2418	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2419	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2420
	2421	ENDIF
	2422
[1864]	2423	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2424
[1912]	2425	!
	2426	!-- Formats
[1819]	2427	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2428	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2429	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2430	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2431	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2432
[1864]	2433	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2434	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2435
	2436
	2437	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2438
	2439
[1839]	2440	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2441	! Description:
	2442	! ------------
	2443	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2444	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2445	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2446
[1819]	2447	USE kinds
[1839]	2448
	2449	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2450
	2451	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2452	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2453	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2454
	2455	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2456
	2457	!
[1864]	2458	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2459	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
[3593]	2460	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2461	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
[1864]	2462	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2463	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2464	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2465	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2466	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2467	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2468	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2469	!
	2470	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2471	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2472	!
[1864]	2473	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2474	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2475	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2476	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2477	!
[1864]	2478	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2479	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2480
	2481	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2482	!
[1864]	2483	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2484	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2485	!
[1864]	2486	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2487	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2488	!
[1864]	2489	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2490	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2491	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2492	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2493	ENDIF
	2494	ENDIF
	2495
	2496	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2497
	2498	!
[1864]	2499	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2500	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2501	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2502
	2503	ELSE
	2504	!
	2505	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2506	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2507	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2508	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2509	!
[1864]	2510	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2511	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2512	!
	2513	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2514	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2515	!
	2516	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2517	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2518	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2519	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2520	!
	2521	!-- Continue yawing
	2522	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2523	ELSE
[1864]	2524	!
	2525	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2526	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2527	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2528	ENDIF
	2529	ELSE
[1864]	2530	!
	2531	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2532	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2533	ENDIF
	2534
	2535	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2536
	2537	ENDIF
	2538
[1839]	2539	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2540
[1864]	2541
[1819]	2542	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2543	! Description:
	2544	! ------------
[1864]	2545	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2546	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2547	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2548
	2549
	2550	IMPLICIT NONE
	2551
	2552	!
	2553	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2554	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2555	!
	2556	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2557	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2558	!
	2559	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2560	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2561	!
	2562	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2563	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2564	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2565	!
	2566	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2567	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2568	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
[2410]	2569	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
[1864]	2570	!
	2571	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2572	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2573	!
	2574	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2575	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
[2563]	2576	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	2577	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2578	ENDIF
[1864]	2579
	2580	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2581
	2582
	2583	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2584	! Description:
	2585	! ------------
	2586	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2587	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2588	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2589
	2590
	2591	IMPLICIT NONE
	2592
[1912]	2593	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2594
	2595
[1864]	2596
	2597	!
	2598	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2599	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2600	!-- offshore system developement"
	2601
	2602	!
	2603	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2604	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2605	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2606	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2607	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2608
	2609	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2610	!
	2611	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2612	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2613
	2614	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2615	!
	2616	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2617	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2618
	2619	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2620	!
	2621	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2622	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2623	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2624
	2625	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2626	!
	2627	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2628	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2629
	2630	ELSE
	2631	!
	2632	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2633	!-- keep the power constant:
	2634	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2635
	2636	ENDIF
	2637	!
	2638	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2639	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2640	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2641	!
	2642	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2643	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2644	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2645	!
	2646	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2647	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2648
	2649
	2650	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2651
	2652
	2653	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2654	! Description:
	2655	! ------------
[1839]	2656	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2657	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2658	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2659	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3875]	2660	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
[1819]	2661
	2662
[3875]	2663	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
	2664
[1839]	2665	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2666	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2667	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2668
	2669
[3875]	2670	SELECT CASE ( location )
[1819]	2671
[3875]	2672	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
	2673
	2674	CALL wtm_forces
	2675
	2676	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
[1819]	2677	!
	2678	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2679	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2680	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2681	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2682	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2683	!
[1864]	2684	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2685	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[2553]	2686	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2687	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2688	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2553]	2689
[2232]	2690	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2691	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2692	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2693	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2694	ENDDO
	2695	ENDDO
	2696	ENDDO
	2697	ENDIF
	2698
[3875]	2699	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
[1819]	2700	!
	2701	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2702	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2703	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2704	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2705	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2706	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2707	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2708	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2709	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2710	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2711	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2712	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2713	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2714	ENDDO
	2715	ENDDO
	2716	ENDDO
	2717	ENDIF
	2718
[3875]	2719	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
[1819]	2720	!
	2721	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2722	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2723	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2724	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2725	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2726	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2727	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2728	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2729	ENDDO
	2730	ENDDO
	2731	ENDDO
	2732	ENDIF
	2733
	2734
	2735	CASE DEFAULT
[4056]	2736	CONTINUE
[1819]	2737
	2738	END SELECT
	2739
	2740
[3875]	2741	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
[1819]	2742
	2743
	2744	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2745	! Description:
	2746	! ------------
[1839]	2747	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2748	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2749	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2750	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3875]	2751	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
[1819]	2752
	2753
[3875]	2754	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
[1839]	2755	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2756	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2757	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2758
[3875]	2759	SELECT CASE ( location )
[1819]	2760
[3875]	2761	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
	2762
	2763	CALL wtm_forces
	2764
	2765	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
[1819]	2766	!
	2767	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2768	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2769	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2770	!
[1839]	2771	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2772	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2773	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2774	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2775	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2776	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2777	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2778	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2553]	2779	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2780	ENDDO
	2781	ENDIF
	2782
[3875]	2783	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
[1819]	2784	!
	2785	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2786	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2787	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2788	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2789	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2790	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2791	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2792	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2793	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2794	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2795	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[2553]	2796	ENDDO
[1819]	2797	ENDIF
	2798
[3875]	2799	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
[1819]	2800	!
	2801	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2802	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2803	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2804	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2805	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2806	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2807	ENDDO
	2808	ENDIF
	2809
	2810
	2811	CASE DEFAULT
[4056]	2812	CONTINUE
[1819]	2813
	2814	END SELECT
	2815
	2816
[3875]	2817	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
[1819]	2818
	2819	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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