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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2894

Last change on this file since 2894 was 2894, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
Reading/Writing? data in case of restart runs revised
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 116.8 KB

Rev	Line
[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1819]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
	18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch $
[2894]	28	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
	29	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
	30	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
	31	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
	32	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
	33	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
	34	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
	35	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
	36	! restart data is read
	37	!
	38	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
[2836]	39	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
	40	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
	41	! turbine model
	42	!
	43	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
[2792]	44	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
	45	! case of restart runs
	46	!
	47	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
[2776]	48	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
	49	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
	50	!
	51	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	52	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	53	!
	54	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	55	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	56	!
	57	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	58	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
	59	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
	60	!
	61	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
[2894]	62	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
[2576]	63	! parameters during reading restart data
	64	!
	65	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	66	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
	67	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
	68	! defined
	69	!
	70	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
[2553]	71	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
	72	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
	73	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
	74	!
	75	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
[2410]	76	! Revise error message PA0462
	77	!
	78	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
[2349]	79	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
	80	!
	81	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
[2341]	82	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
[2323]	83	!
[2343]	84	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
	85	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
	86	!
[2323]	87	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
[2322]	88	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
	89	!
	90	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
[2257]	91	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
[1844]	92	!
[2257]	93	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
	94	!
[2233]	95	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	96	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	97	!
[2153]	98	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	99	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	100	! Addition of a tip loss model
	101	!
[2016]	102	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	103	! Bugfix of pitch control
	104	!
[2001]	105	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	106	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	107	!
[1930]	108	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	109	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	110	!
[1917]	111	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	112	! Initial revision
	113	!
[1819]	114	!
	115	! Description:
	116	! ------------
	117	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	118	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	119	!> (ADM-R).
	120	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	121	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	122	!> yaw.
	123	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	124	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	125	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	126	!> automatically).
	127	!>
	128	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	129	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	130	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	131	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	132	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	133	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	134	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	135	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	136	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	137	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	138	!
	139	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	140	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	141
	142	USE arrays_3d, &
[2553]	143	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[1819]	144
[2553]	145	USE constants, &
	146	ONLY: pi
[1819]	147
	148	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	149	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
[2894]	150	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
[1819]	151
	152	USE cpulog, &
	153	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	154
	155	USE grid_variables, &
	156	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	157
	158	USE indices, &
	159	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	160	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	161
	162	USE kinds
	163
	164	USE pegrid
	165
	166
	167	IMPLICIT NONE
	168
[1864]	169	PRIVATE
[1819]	170
	171	!
	172	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	173
[1864]	174	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	175	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	176
[1839]	177	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	178	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	179	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	180	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	181
[1839]	182	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	183	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	184	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	185	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	186	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	187	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	188
[1912]	189	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
[2553]	190	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
[1912]	191	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	192	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	193	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	194	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	195	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	196	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	197	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	198	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	199	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	200
[1819]	201	!
	202	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	203	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	204
[1912]	205	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	206	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	207	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	208	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	209	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	210	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	211	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	212	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	213	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	214	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	215	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	216	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	217	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	218	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	219
[1912]	220
[1819]	221	!
	222	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	223
[1839]	224	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	225	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	226	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	227
[1819]	228	!
	229	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	230	TYPE file_status
	231	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	232	END TYPE file_status
	233
[1912]	234	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	235	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	236
	237	!
	238	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	239
[1839]	240	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	241	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	242	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	243	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	244	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	245	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	246
[1839]	247	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	248
[1912]	249	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	250	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	251	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	252	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	253	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	254	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	255	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	256	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	257
[1912]	258	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	259
[1912]	260	!
	261	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	262	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	263	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	264	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	265	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	266	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	267	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	268	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	269
[1839]	270	!
	271	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	276
[1912]	277	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	278	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	279
[1912]	280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	282
[1912]	283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	285
	286	!
	287	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	288
[1839]	289	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
	290	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	291	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	292	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	293	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	294	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	295	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	296	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	297	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	298	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	299	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	300	!
	301	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	302	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	303	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	304	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	305	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	306
[1912]	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	316
	317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	319
	320	!
	321	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	328
	329	!
	330	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	334
	335	!
	336	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	340
	341	!
	342	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	346
	347	!
	348	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	352	!
	353	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	355
[1839]	356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	365
[1839]	366	!
	367	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	368
[1912]	369	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	370
[1912]	371	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	372	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	373	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	374	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	375	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	376	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	377	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	378	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1819]	379
[1864]	380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[2563]	381
[1839]	382	!
	383	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	384
[1912]	385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	395	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	396	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	397	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	398
[2563]	399	!
	400	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
	401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
	402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
	403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
	404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
	405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
	406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
	407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
[1819]	408
[2563]	409
[1839]	410	SAVE
[1819]	411
[1839]	412
	413	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	414	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	415	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[2563]	416
[2894]	417	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
	418	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
	419	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
[2576]	420
[2894]	421	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
	422	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
	423	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
[1912]	424
	425	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	426	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	427	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	428
	429	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	430	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	431	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	432
	433	INTERFACE wtm_init
	434	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	435	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	436
[1912]	437	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	438	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	439	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	440
[1819]	441	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	442	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[2553]	443	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
	444
	445	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
[1839]	446	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[2553]	447	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
[1864]	448
	449	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	450	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	451	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	452
	453	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	454	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	455	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	456	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	457
	458	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	459	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	460	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	461	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	462
	463
[1912]	464	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
[2894]	465	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
[1819]	466
[2563]	467
[1819]	468	CONTAINS
	469
	470
	471	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	472	! Description:
	473	! ------------
[1839]	474	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	475	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	476	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	477
	478
	479	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	480
	481	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	482
[1839]	483	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	484
	485	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	486	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	487	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	488	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	489	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	490	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	491	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	492	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[2349]	493	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2152]	494	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	495
[1819]	496	!
[1839]	497	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	498	REWIND ( 11 )
	499	line = ' '
	500	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	501	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	502	ENDDO
	503	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	504
	505	!
	506	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	507	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[2349]	508
[1912]	509	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
[2349]	510	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
	511	'End of file has reached'
[2322]	512	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2349]	513	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
	514	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
	515	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
	516	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	517	ENDIF
	518
[1839]	519	!
	520	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	521	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	522
[2563]	523
[1912]	524	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	525
	526
	527	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	528
[2563]	529
	530	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	531	! Description:
	532	! ------------
[2894]	533	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
[2576]	534	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	535	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
[2576]	536
	537
[2563]	538	IMPLICIT NONE
[2776]	539
[2563]	540
[2894]	541	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
[2563]	542	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
[2894]	543
	544	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
[2563]	545	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
[2894]	546
	547	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
[2563]	548	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
[2894]	549
	550	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
[2563]	551	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
[2894]	552
	553	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
[2563]	554	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
[2894]	555
	556	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
	557	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
	558
	559	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
[2563]	560	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
[2894]	561
	562	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
[2563]	563	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
[2894]	564
	565	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
[2563]	566	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
[2894]	567
	568	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
[2563]	569	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
[2894]	570
[2563]	571
[2894]	572	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
[2563]	573
	574
	575	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	576	! Description:
	577	! ------------
	578	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
	579	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	580	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
[2563]	581
	582
[2894]	583	USE control_parameters, &
	584	ONLY: length, restart_string
	585
	586
[2563]	587	IMPLICIT NONE
	588
[2894]	589	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
[2563]	590
	591
[2894]	592	found = .TRUE.
[2563]	593
	594
[2894]	595	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[2563]	596
[2894]	597	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
	598	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
	599	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
	600	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
	601	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
	602	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
	603	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
	604	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
	605	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
	606	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
	607	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
	608	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
	609	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
	610	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
	611	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
	612	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
	613	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
	614	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
	615	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
	616	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
[2563]	617
[2894]	618	CASE DEFAULT
[2563]	619
[2894]	620	found = .FALSE.
[2563]	621
[2894]	622	END SELECT
	623
[2563]	624
[2894]	625	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
	626
	627
[2563]	628	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	629	! Description:
	630	! ------------
	631	!> Check namelist parameter
	632	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	633	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	634
	635
	636	IMPLICIT NONE
	637
	638	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	639	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	640	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	641	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	642	ENDIF
	643
[2322]	644	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	645	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[2792]	646	'a value equal or larger than zero'
[2322]	647	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	648	ENDIF
	649
	650
	651	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	652	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	653	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	654
	655	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	656	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	657	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	658
	659	ENDIF
	660
	661
	662	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	663
	664
[1839]	665	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	666	! Description:
	667	! ------------
	668	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	669	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	670	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	671
	672
	673	IMPLICIT NONE
	674
[1864]	675	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	676	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	677
[1839]	678	!
	679	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	680	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	681
	682	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	683	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	684
	685	nrings(:) = 0
	686	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	687
	688	!
	689	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	690	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	691	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	692	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	693
	694	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	695	!
	696	!-- Determine number of rings:
	697	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	698
	699	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	700
	701	ENDDO
	702
	703	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	704
	705	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	706	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	707
	708	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	709	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	710
	711
	712	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	713	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	714	!
	715	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	716	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	717	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	718	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	719	ENDDO
	720	!
	721	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	722	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	723
	724	ENDDO
	725
	726	!
	727	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	728	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	729
[1864]	730	!!
	731	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	732	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	733	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	734	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	735	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	736	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	737	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	738	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	739	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	740	! ENDIF
[1819]	741
	742
	743	!
	744	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	745	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	746	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	747	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	748	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	749	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	750	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	751	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	752	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	753
	754	!
	755	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	756	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	757	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	758	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	759	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	760	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	761	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	762
	763	!
	764	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	765	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	766	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	767	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	768	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	769	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	770	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	771	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	772	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	773	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	774	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	775
	776	!
	777	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	778	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	779	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	780	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	781	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	782	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	783	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	784
	785	!
	786	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	787	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	788	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	789	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	790
	791	!
	792	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	793	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	794	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	795	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	796	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	797	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	798	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	799	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	800	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	801
	802	!
	803	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	804	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	805	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	806	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	807	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	808	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	809	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	810
	811	!
	812	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	813	i_hub(:) = 0
	814	i_smear(:) = 0
	815	j_hub(:) = 0
	816	j_smear(:) = 0
	817	k_hub(:) = 0
	818	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	819
[1819]	820	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	821	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	822
[2563]	823	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	824	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	825	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	826	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	827	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	828	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	829	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	830	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	831	ENDIF
	832
[1819]	833	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	834	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	835	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	836
	837	!
	838	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	839	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	840	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	841	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	842	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	843	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	844	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	845	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	846	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	847	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	848	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	849
	850	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	851	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	852	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	853	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	854	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	855	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	856
	857	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	858	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	859	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	860
[1912]	861	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	862	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	863	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	864	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	865	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	866	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	867	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	868	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	869
	870	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	871	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	872	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	873	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	874	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	875	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	876
	877
[1839]	878	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	879
	880
	881	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	882	! Description:
	883	! ------------
[1839]	884	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	885	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	886	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	887
[1839]	888
[1819]	889	IMPLICIT NONE
	890
	891	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	892	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	893	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	894
[1819]	895	!
[1864]	896	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	897	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	898
[1839]	899	!
[1864]	900	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	901	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	902	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	903	!
[1864]	904	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	905	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	906	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	907
	908	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	909	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	910	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	911
	912	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	913
	914	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	915	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	916	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	917	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	918
	919	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	920	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	921	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	922	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	923
[1839]	924	!
[1819]	925	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	926	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	927	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	928	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	929	!
[1839]	930	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	931	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	932
[1839]	933	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	934	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	935	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	936	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	937	!
[1839]	938	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	939	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	940	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	941	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	942	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	943	!
	944	!-- Square of eps_min:
	945	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	946	!
	947	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	948	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	949	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	950	!
[1839]	951	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	952	!-- function:
	953	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	954
[1864]	955	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	956	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	957
[1819]	958	!
[1864]	959	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
[2563]	960	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	961	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
	962	ENDIF
[1819]	963
[1864]	964
[1819]	965	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	966	!
[1864]	967	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	968	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	969
	970	!
	971	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	972	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	973	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	974	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	975
	976	!
	977	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	978	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	979	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	980	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	981	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	982	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	983	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	984
[1819]	985	ENDDO
	986
	987	!
[2792]	988	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
	989	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
	990	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	991
	992	CALL wtm_speed_control
	993
	994	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	995
	996	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	997
	998	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	999	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1000	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1001	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1002	ENDIF
	1003
	1004	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1005	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1006	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1007	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1008	ENDIF
	1009
	1010	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1011	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1012	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1013	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1014	ENDIF
	1015
	1016	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1017	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1018	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1019	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1020	ENDIF
	1021
	1022	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1023	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1024
	1025	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
	1026
	1027	ENDIF
	1028	ENDIF
	1029
	1030	END DO
	1031
	1032	ENDIF
	1033
	1034	ENDIF
	1035
	1036	!
[1819]	1037	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	1038	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	1039	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	1040	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1041	!
	1042	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	1043	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	1044
	1045	!
	1046	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	1047	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	1048	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	1049
	1050	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	1051
	1052	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1053
[1839]	1054
	1055	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	1056	!
[1839]	1057	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	1058	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	1059	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	1060	i = i_hub(inot)
	1061
	1062	!
[1839]	1063	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1064	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	1065	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1066	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1067	!
[1839]	1068	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1069	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	1070	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	1071	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	1072	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	1073	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	1074	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	1075
	1076	!
	1077	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	1078	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	1079	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1080	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1081
	1082	!
	1083	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	1084	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	1085	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	1086
	1087	DO j = nys, nyn
	1088	!
[1839]	1089	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	1090	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	1091
[1819]	1092	DO k = nzb, nzt
	1093
	1094	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1095	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	1096	!
[1819]	1097	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1098	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1099	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1100	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	1101	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1102	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1103	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1104	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1105	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1106	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	1107	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1108	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1109	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1110	!
	1111	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1112	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1113	ELSE
[1912]	1114	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1115	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	1116	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1117	ENDIF
	1118	!
	1119	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1120	ELSE
[1912]	1121	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	1122	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	1123	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1124	ENDIF
[1839]	1125	!
	1126	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	1127	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	1128	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1129
[1839]	1130	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	1131	!
[1819]	1132	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1133	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1134	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	1135	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1136	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	1137	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1138	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1139	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	1140	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1141	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	1142	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1143	!
	1144	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1145	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1146	ELSE
[1912]	1147	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1148	ENDIF
[1839]	1149	!
[1819]	1150	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1151	ELSE
[1912]	1152	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	1153	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1154	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	1155
	1156	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	1157
	1158	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	1159
	1160	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	1161
	1162	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	1163
	1164	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	1165
[1839]	1166
[1912]	1167	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	1168
[1839]	1169	!
[1864]	1170	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	1171	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	1172	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	1173	!!
	1174	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	1175	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	1176	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	1177	!
	1178	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	1179	!
	1180	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	1181	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	1182	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	1183	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1184	!!
	1185	!!-- bottom intersection point
	1186	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	1187	!!
	1188	!!-- top intersection point
	1189	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	1190	! ELSE
	1191	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	1192	! ENDIF
	1193	! ENDDO
	1194	!
	1195	!
	1196	! DO j = nys, nyn
	1197	!!
	1198	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	1199	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	1200	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	1201	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1202	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	1203	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1204	!!
	1205	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	1206	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	1207	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	1208	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1209	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	1210	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	1211	!!
	1212	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1213	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1214	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1215	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1216	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1217	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1218	! dz_int = dz
	1219	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1220	!!
	1221	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1222	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1223	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1224	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1225	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1226	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1227	! ENDIF
	1228	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1229	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1230	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1231	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1232	! ENDIF
	1233	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1234	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1235	! ENDIF
	1236	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1237	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1238	! ENDIF
	1239	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1240	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1241	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1242	! ENDIF
	1243	! ENDDO
	1244	! ENDIF
	1245	! ENDDO
	1246	! ENDIF
[1819]	1247	!
[1864]	1248	! ENDDO
[1819]	1249	!
[1912]	1250	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1251
[1864]	1252	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1253
[1912]	1254	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1255	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1256
[1912]	1257	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1258
[1864]	1259	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1260
	1261
[1819]	1262	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1263	! Description:
	1264	! ------------
	1265	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1266	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1267	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1268	!
	1269	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1270
[1839]	1271
[1864]	1272	IMPLICIT NONE
	1273
	1274	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1275	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1276
[1864]	1277	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1278
	1279	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1280
[1864]	1281	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1282	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1283	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1284	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1285	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1286	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1287	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1288	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1289	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1290	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1291
[1864]	1292	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1293	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1294	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1295
[1864]	1296	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1297	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1298
[1864]	1299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1304
[1864]	1305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1310
[1864]	1311	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1312
[1864]	1313	!
	1314	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1315	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1316
[2323]	1317	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1318
	1319	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1320	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1321	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1322	ENDIF
	1323	!
	1324	!-- Read distribution table:
	1325
	1326	dlen = 0
	1327
[2323]	1328	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1329
	1330	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1331	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1332	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1333	dlen = dlen + 1
	1334	ENDDO rloop3
	1335
	1336	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1337
	1338	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1339	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1340	ENDDO
	1341
	1342	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1343	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1344	ENDDO
	1345
	1346	!
	1347	!-- Read layout table:
	1348
[1839]	1349	dlen = 0
[1864]	1350
[2323]	1351	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1352
[1843]	1353	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1354	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1355	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1356	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1357	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1358
[1839]	1359	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1360	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1361	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1362	ENDDO
	1363	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1364	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1365	ENDDO
[1819]	1366
[1864]	1367	!
	1368	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1369
[1864]	1370	dlen = 0
	1371
[2323]	1372	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1373
[1843]	1374	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1375	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1376	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1377	dlen = dlen + 1
	1378	ENDDO rloop2
	1379
[1912]	1380	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1381	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1382
	1383	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1384	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1385	ENDDO
	1386
[1839]	1387	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1388	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1389	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1390	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1391	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1392	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1393	ENDDO
[1864]	1394
[1839]	1395	ENDDO
[1864]	1396
	1397	dlenbl = dlen
	1398
[2323]	1399	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1400
[1864]	1401	!
[2836]	1402	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
	1403	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
[1864]	1404	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1405	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1406	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1407
[2836]	1408	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1409	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
	1410	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1411	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1412
[1864]	1413	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1414	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1415
[2836]	1416	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1417	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
[1864]	1418
[2836]	1419	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
[1864]	1420
[2836]	1421	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1422	!
	1423	!-- Find position in table 1
	1424	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1425	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1864]	1426
[2836]	1427	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1428	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1429	ENDIF
[1864]	1430
[2836]	1431	trow = lct(1)
	1432	!
	1433	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
	1434	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1435	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1436	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1437	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1864]	1438
[2836]	1439	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1440	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1441	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
	1442	ENDIF
	1443
	1444	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1445	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1446	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1447	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1448	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1449
	1450	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
	1451	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
	1452	! explicitly
	1453	ELSE
	1454	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1455	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1456	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1457	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1458	!
	1459	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
	1460	!-- explicitly
	1461	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1462	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
	1463	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1464	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
	1465	ENDIF
	1466
	1467	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1468
[1864]	1469	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1470	ialpha = 1
[2836]	1471
[2152]	1472	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1473	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1474	ENDDO
[1819]	1475
[1864]	1476	!
[1912]	1477	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1478	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1479	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1480	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1481	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1482	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1483	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1484	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1485	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1486	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1487	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1488	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1489	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1490	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1491	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1492	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1493	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1494	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1495	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1496	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1497	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1498	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1499	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1500	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1501	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1502	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[2836]	1503
[1912]	1504	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[2836]	1505
	1506	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
[1819]	1507
[2836]	1508
[1912]	1509	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1510
	1511
[1864]	1512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1513	! Description:
	1514	! ------------
	1515	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1516	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1517	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1518	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1519
[1864]	1520
	1521	IMPLICIT NONE
	1522
	1523	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1524	!
	1525	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1526	!-- the rotors
	1527	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1528	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1529	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1530
	1531	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1532	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1533	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1534
	1535	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1536	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1537	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1538
[1864]	1539	!
	1540	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1541	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1542
[1912]	1543	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1544	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1545	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1546	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1547	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1548	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1549	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1550	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1551	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1552	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1553	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1554	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1555	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1556	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1557	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1558	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1559	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1560	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1561	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1562	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1563	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1564	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1565	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1566	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1567
[1864]	1568	!
	1569	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1570	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1571	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1572	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1573	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1574
	1575	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1576
	1577
[1819]	1578	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1579	! Description:
	1580	! ------------
[1839]	1581	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1582	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1583	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1584
[1864]	1585
[1819]	1586	IMPLICIT NONE
	1587
[2669]	1588	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
[1819]	1589
[1839]	1590	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1591	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1592	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1593	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1594	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1595	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1596
[2232]	1597	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1598	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1599	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1600
	1601	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1602	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1603
	1604	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1605
	1606
[1839]	1607	!
[1819]	1608	! Variables for pitch control
	1609	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1610	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1611
[1819]	1612	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1613	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1614
	1615	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1616
	1617
[1864]	1618	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1619
	1620
	1621	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1622
[1864]	1623	!
[1819]	1624	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1625	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1626	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1627	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1628	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1629	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1630	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1631	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1632	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1633	!
	1634	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1635	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1636
	1637	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1638	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1639	!
[1839]	1640	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1641	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1642
	1643	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1644	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1645	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1646	!
	1647	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1648	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1649
	1650	!
[1839]	1651	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1652	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1653	!
[1864]	1654	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1655	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1656	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1657	!
[1864]	1658	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1659	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1660	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1661	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1662	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1663	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1664
[1864]	1665	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1666	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1667	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1668	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1669	re(3) = sin_rot
	1670
	1671	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1672	!
	1673	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1674	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1675	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1676	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1677
[1864]	1678	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1679	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1680	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1681	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1682	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1683
	1684	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1685	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1686
	1687	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1688	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1689
	1690	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1691	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1692
	1693	!
	1694	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1695
	1696	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1697	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2553]	1698	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
[1819]	1699	!
[1864]	1700	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1701	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1702	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1703	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1704
[1839]	1705	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1706	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1707	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1708	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1709	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1710	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1711	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1712	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1713	gg = dx * dy
	1714
[1864]	1715	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1716	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1717	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1718	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1719	) / gg
	1720
[1864]	1721	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1722	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1723	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1724	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1725	) / gg
	1726
[1864]	1727	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1728	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1729	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1730
	1731	ELSE
	1732	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1733	ENDIF
	1734	ELSE
	1735	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1736	ENDIF
	1737
	1738
	1739	!
	1740	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1741	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1742	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1743	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1744	!
[1864]	1745	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1746	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1747	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1748	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1749
[1839]	1750	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1751	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1752	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1753	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1754	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1755	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1756	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1757	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1758	gg = dx * dy
	1759
[1864]	1760	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1761	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1762	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1763	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1764	) / gg
	1765
[1864]	1766	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1767	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1768	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1769	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1770	) / gg
	1771
[1864]	1772	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1773	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1774	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1775
	1776	ELSE
	1777	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1778	ENDIF
	1779	ELSE
	1780	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1781	ENDIF
	1782
	1783
	1784	!
	1785	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1786	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1787	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1788	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1789	!
[1864]	1790	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1791	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1792	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1793	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1794
[1839]	1795	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1796	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1797	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1798	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1799	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1800	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1801	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1802	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1803	gg = dx * dy
	1804
[1864]	1805	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1806	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1807	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1808	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1809	) / gg
	1810
[1864]	1811	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1812	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1813	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1814	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1815	) / gg
	1816
[1864]	1817	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1818	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1819	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1820	ELSE
	1821	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1822	ENDIF
	1823	ELSE
	1824	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1825	ENDIF
	1826
	1827	ENDDO
	1828	ENDDO
	1829
	1830	ENDDO
	1831
	1832	!
	1833	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1834	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1835	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1836	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1837	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1838	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1839	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1840	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1841	#else
	1842	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1843	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1844	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1845	#endif
	1846
	1847
	1848	!
	1849	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1850
[1819]	1851	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1852	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1853
[1912]	1854	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1855	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1856	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1857	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1858	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1859	ELSE
	1860	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1861	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1862	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1863	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1864	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1865	ENDIF
[1819]	1866	ENDIF
	1867
[1839]	1868	!
	1869	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1870	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1871	!
	1872	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1873	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1874	!
	1875	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1876	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1877	!
[1839]	1878	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1879	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1880	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1881	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1882	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1883	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1884	!
[1839]	1885	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1886	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1887	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1888	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1889	re(3) = sin_rot
	1890
[1864]	1891	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1892	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1893	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1894	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1895
	1896	!
[1864]	1897	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1898	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1899	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1900	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1901	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1902	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1903	!
	1904	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1905	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1906	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1907	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1908	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1909	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1910	!
	1911	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1912	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1913
	1914	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1915
	1916	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1917
	1918	!
[1864]	1919	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1920	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1921	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1922	!
[1864]	1923	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[2553]	1924	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
[1819]	1925	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1926	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1927	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1928	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1929	!
	1930	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1931	!
[1819]	1932	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1933	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1934	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1935	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1936	!
[1864]	1937	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1938	!-- direction:
	1939	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1940	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1941	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1942	!
[1864]	1943	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1944	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1945
[1864]	1946	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1947	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1948	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1949
	1950	!
[1864]	1951	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1952	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1953
	1954	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1955	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1956
	1957	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1958	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1959	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1960	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1961	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1962	ELSE
[1864]	1963	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1964	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1965	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1966	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1967	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1968	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1969	ENDIF
	1970
	1971	!
[1864]	1972	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1973	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1974	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1975	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1976	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1977	!
[1864]	1978	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1979	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1980	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1981	!
[1864]	1982	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1983	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1984	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1985	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1986	!
[1864]	1987	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1988	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1989
	1990	!
[1864]	1991	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1992	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1993	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1994	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1995	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1996
	1997	!
[1864]	1998	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1999	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	2000	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	2001	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2002
	2003	!
[1864]	2004	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	2005	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	2006
	2007	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	2008	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2009	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	2010	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	2011	ELSE
[1864]	2012	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	2013	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	2014	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	2015	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	2016	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	2017	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	2018	ENDIF
	2019
	2020	!
	2021	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	2022	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
[2836]	2023	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
	2024	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
[1864]	2025	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[2836]	2026	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
[1819]	2027	!
	2028	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	2029	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	2030	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	2031	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	2032	!
[1864]	2033	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	2034	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	2035	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	2036	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	2037
	2038	!
[1864]	2039	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	2040	!-- angles given in radian:
	2041	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	2042	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	2043
[2152]	2044	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	2045
	2046	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	2047	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	2048	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	2049	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	2050	!--
	2051	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	2052	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	2053	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	2054
	2055	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	2056
[2894]	2057	ENDIF
[1819]	2058	!
	2059	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2060	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	2061	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2062
	2063	!
[1864]	2064	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	2065
	2066	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	2067	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	2068
	2069	!
[1864]	2070	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	2071	!-- for each ring segment:
	2072	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	2073	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	2074	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2075
	2076	!
[1864]	2077	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	2078	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	2079	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	2080	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	2081	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	2082	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	2083	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2084	!
	2085	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	2086	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	2087	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	2088
	2089	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	2090	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	2091
[1912]	2092	!
	2093	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	2094	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	2095	thrust_seg(rseg)
	2096
	2097
[1819]	2098	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	2099
[1864]	2100	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	2101
	2102	!
[1864]	2103	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	2104	!-- each ring:
[1819]	2105	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	2106	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	2107	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	2108
	2109
[1864]	2110	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	2111
	2112
[1864]	2113	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	2114
[1912]	2115
	2116	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2117	!
	2118	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	2119
	2120	!
	2121	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	2122	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	2123	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	2124	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	2125	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	2126	( inertia_rot + &
	2127	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	2128
[1912]	2129	!
	2130	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	2131	!-- and rotor speed
	2132	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	2133
	2134	ENDIF
	2135
[1864]	2136	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	2137
[1912]	2138	!
	2139	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	2140	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	2141	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	2142	!-- gain
	2143	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	2144	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	2145	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	2146	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	2147	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	2148	!
	2149	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	2150	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	2151	ENDIF
[1912]	2152
	2153	!
	2154	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	2155	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	2156	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	2157	ENDIF
[1912]	2158	EXIT pit_loop
	2159	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	2160
[1864]	2161
[1819]	2162	!
[1864]	2163	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	2164
[1819]	2165	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2166	!
[1864]	2167	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2168	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2169	THEN
	2170	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2171	THEN
[1864]	2172	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2173	ENDIF
[1912]	2174	ENDIF
[1864]	2175
[1819]	2176	ENDIF
	2177
	2178
[1864]	2179	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	2180
[1864]	2181	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	2182
	2183
[1864]	2184	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	2185	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	2186	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	2187	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2188	!
[1864]	2189	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	2190	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	2191	!
	2192	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	2193	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	2194	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	2195	!-- consideration
[1819]	2196	!
[1864]	2197	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	2198	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	2199	!
	2200	!--
	2201	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	2202	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	2203	eps_min ) / dx )
	2204	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	2205	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	2206
[1864]	2207	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2208	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	2209	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2210	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	2211	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	2212	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	2213	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	2214	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2215	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2216	!
[2232]	2217	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	2218	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	2219
	2220	!
[1819]	2221	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	2222	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2223	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2224	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2225	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2226	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2227	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2228	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2229	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2230	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2231	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2232
	2233	!
	2234	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2235	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2236	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2237	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2238	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2239	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2240	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2241	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2242	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2243	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2244	flag
[1819]	2245	ENDIF
	2246	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2247	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2248	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2249	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2250	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2251	flag
[1819]	2252	ENDIF
	2253	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2254	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2255	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2256	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2257	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2258	flag
[1819]	2259	ENDIF
	2260
	2261	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2262	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2263
	2264	!
	2265	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2266	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2267	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2268	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2269	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2270	) * flag
[1819]	2271
[2232]	2272	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2273	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2274	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2275	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2276	) * flag
[1819]	2277
[2232]	2278	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2279	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2280	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2281	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2282	) * flag
[1819]	2283
	2284	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2285	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2286	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2287
[1864]	2288	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2289
[1912]	2290	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2291
	2292
	2293	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2294	!
	2295	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2296	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2297	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2298	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2299	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2300	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2301	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2302
[1864]	2303	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2304	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2305	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2306	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2307	start_up = .FALSE.
	2308	ENDIF
	2309
	2310	!
	2311	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2312	!--
	2313	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2314	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2315	!
	2316	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2317	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2318	THEN
	2319	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2320	THEN
[1864]	2321
[1819]	2322	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2323
[1912]	2324	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2325	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2326	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2327	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2328	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2329
	2330	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2331
[1819]	2332	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2333
[1819]	2334	ENDIF
	2335	ENDIF
	2336
[1864]	2337	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2338
	2339	!
[1929]	2340	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2341	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2342	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2343	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2344	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2345	comm2d, ierr )
	2346	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2347	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2348	#else
	2349	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2350	wdir = wdir_l
	2351	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2352
	2353
[1929]	2354	#endif
[1819]	2355	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2356	!
	2357	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2358	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2359
	2360	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2361
[2894]	2362	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2363
	2364	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2365	!
	2366	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2367	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2368	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2369	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2370	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2371	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2372	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2373	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2374	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2375	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2376	#else
	2377	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2378	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2379	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2380	#endif
[1864]	2381
	2382	ENDIF
[1819]	2383
	2384	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2385
	2386	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2387	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2388	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2389	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2390	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2391	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2392	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2393	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2394	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2395	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2396
[1819]	2397	ELSE
	2398
[2669]	2399	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
	2400	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
	2401	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
	2402	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2403	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2404	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2405	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2406	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2407	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2408	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2409	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2410	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2411	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2412	ENDIF
	2413	ENDIF
	2414
[1912]	2415	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2416	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2417	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2418
	2419	ENDIF
	2420
[1864]	2421	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2422
[1912]	2423	!
	2424	!-- Formats
[1819]	2425	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2426	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2427	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2428	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2429	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2430
[1864]	2431	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2432	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2433
	2434
	2435	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2436
	2437
[1839]	2438	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2439	! Description:
	2440	! ------------
	2441	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2442	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2443	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2444
[1819]	2445	USE kinds
[1839]	2446
	2447	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2448
	2449	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2450	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2451	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2452
	2453	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2454
	2455	!
[1864]	2456	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2457	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2458	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2459	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2460	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2461	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2462	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2463	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2464	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2465	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2466	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2467	!
	2468	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2469	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2470	!
[1864]	2471	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2472	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2473	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2474	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2475	!
[1864]	2476	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2477	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2478
	2479	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2480	!
[1864]	2481	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2482	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2483	!
[1864]	2484	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2485	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2486	!
[1864]	2487	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2488	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2489	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2490	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2491	ENDIF
	2492	ENDIF
	2493
	2494	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2495
	2496	!
[1864]	2497	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2498	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2499	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2500
	2501	ELSE
	2502	!
	2503	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2504	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2505	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2506	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2507	!
[1864]	2508	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2509	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2510	!
	2511	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2512	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2513	!
	2514	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2515	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2516	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2517	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2518	!
	2519	!-- Continue yawing
	2520	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2521	ELSE
[1864]	2522	!
	2523	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2524	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2525	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2526	ENDIF
	2527	ELSE
[1864]	2528	!
	2529	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2530	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2531	ENDIF
	2532
	2533	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2534
	2535	ENDIF
	2536
[1839]	2537	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2538
[1864]	2539
[1819]	2540	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2541	! Description:
	2542	! ------------
[1864]	2543	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2544	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2545	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2546
	2547
	2548	IMPLICIT NONE
	2549
	2550	!
	2551	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2552	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2553	!
	2554	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2555	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2556	!
	2557	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2558	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2559	!
	2560	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2561	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2562	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2563	!
	2564	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2565	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2566	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
[2410]	2567	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
[1864]	2568	!
	2569	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2570	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2571	!
	2572	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2573	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
[2563]	2574	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	2575	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2576	ENDIF
[1864]	2577
	2578	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2579
	2580
	2581	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2582	! Description:
	2583	! ------------
	2584	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2585	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2586	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2587
	2588
	2589	IMPLICIT NONE
	2590
[1912]	2591	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2592
	2593
[1864]	2594
	2595	!
	2596	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2597	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2598	!-- offshore system developement"
	2599
	2600	!
	2601	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2602	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2603	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2604	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2605	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2606
	2607	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2608	!
	2609	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2610	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2611
	2612	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2613	!
	2614	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2615	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2616
	2617	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2618	!
	2619	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2620	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2621	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2622
	2623	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2624	!
	2625	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2626	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2627
	2628	ELSE
	2629	!
	2630	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2631	!-- keep the power constant:
	2632	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2633
	2634	ENDIF
	2635	!
	2636	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2637	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2638	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2639	!
	2640	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2641	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2642	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2643	!
	2644	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2645	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2646
	2647
	2648	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2649
	2650
	2651	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2652	! Description:
	2653	! ------------
[1839]	2654	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2655	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2656	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2657	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2658	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2659
[1839]	2660
[1819]	2661	IMPLICIT NONE
	2662
[1839]	2663	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2664	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2665	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2666	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2667
	2668
	2669	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2670
	2671	CASE ( 1 )
	2672	!
	2673	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2674	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2675	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2676	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2677	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2678	!
[1864]	2679	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2680	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[2553]	2681	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2682	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2683	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2553]	2684
[2232]	2685	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2686	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2687	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2688	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2689	ENDDO
	2690	ENDDO
	2691	ENDDO
	2692	ENDIF
	2693
	2694	CASE ( 2 )
	2695	!
	2696	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2697	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2698	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2699	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2700	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2701	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2702	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2703	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2704	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2705	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2706	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2707	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2708	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2709	ENDDO
	2710	ENDDO
	2711	ENDDO
	2712	ENDIF
	2713
	2714	CASE ( 3 )
	2715	!
	2716	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2717	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2718	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2719	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2720	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2721	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2722	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2723	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2724	ENDDO
	2725	ENDDO
	2726	ENDDO
	2727	ENDIF
	2728
	2729
	2730	CASE DEFAULT
	2731
	2732	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2733	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2734
	2735	END SELECT
	2736
	2737
	2738	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2739
	2740
	2741	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2742	! Description:
	2743	! ------------
[1839]	2744	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2745	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2746	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2747	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2748	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2749
	2750
	2751	IMPLICIT NONE
	2752
[1839]	2753	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2754	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2755	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2756	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2757
	2758	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2759
	2760	CASE ( 1 )
	2761	!
	2762	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2763	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2764	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2765	!
[1839]	2766	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2767	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2768	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2769	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2770	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2771	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2772	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2773	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2553]	2774	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2775	ENDDO
	2776	ENDIF
	2777
	2778	CASE ( 2 )
	2779	!
	2780	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2781	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2782	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2783	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2784	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2785	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2786	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2787	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2788	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2789	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2790	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[2553]	2791	ENDDO
[1819]	2792	ENDIF
	2793
	2794	CASE ( 3 )
	2795	!
	2796	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2797	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2798	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2799	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2800	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2801	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2802	ENDDO
	2803	ENDIF
	2804
	2805
	2806	CASE DEFAULT
	2807
	2808	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2809	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2810
	2811	END SELECT
	2812
	2813
	2814	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2815
	2816	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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