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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2809

Last change on this file since 2809 was 2792, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Bugfix for restart runs if the wind turbine model is used
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 116.7 KB

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[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1819]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
	18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z schwenkel $
[2792]	28	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
	29	! case of restart runs
	30	!
	31	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
[2776]	32	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
	33	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
	34	!
	35	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	36	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	37	!
	38	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	39	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	40	!
	41	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	42	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
	43	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
	44	!
	45	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
[2576]	46	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_var_list to skip module
	47	! parameters during reading restart data
	48	!
	49	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	50	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
	51	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
	52	! defined
	53	!
	54	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
[2553]	55	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
	56	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
	57	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
	58	!
	59	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
[2410]	60	! Revise error message PA0462
	61	!
	62	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
[2349]	63	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
	64	!
	65	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
[2341]	66	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
[2323]	67	!
[2343]	68	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
	69	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
	70	!
[2323]	71	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
[2322]	72	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
	73	!
	74	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
[2257]	75	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
[1844]	76	!
[2257]	77	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
	78	!
[2233]	79	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	80	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	81	!
[2153]	82	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	83	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	84	! Addition of a tip loss model
	85	!
[2016]	86	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	87	! Bugfix of pitch control
	88	!
[2001]	89	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	90	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	91	!
[1930]	92	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	93	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	94	!
[1917]	95	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	96	! Initial revision
	97	!
[1819]	98	!
	99	! Description:
	100	! ------------
	101	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	102	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	103	!> (ADM-R).
	104	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	105	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	106	!> yaw.
	107	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	108	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	109	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	110	!> automatically).
	111	!>
	112	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	113	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	114	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	115	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	116	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	117	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	118	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	119	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	120	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	121	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	122	!
	123	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	124	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	125
	126	USE arrays_3d, &
[2553]	127	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[1819]	128
[2553]	129	USE constants, &
	130	ONLY: pi
[1819]	131
	132	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	133	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
[2776]	134	wind_turbine, wind_turbine_prerun, initializing_actions
[1819]	135
	136	USE cpulog, &
	137	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	138
	139	USE grid_variables, &
	140	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	141
	142	USE indices, &
	143	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	144	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	145
	146	USE kinds
	147
	148	USE pegrid
	149
	150
	151	IMPLICIT NONE
	152
[1864]	153	PRIVATE
[1819]	154
	155	!
	156	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	157
[1864]	158	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	159	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	160
[1839]	161	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	162	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	163	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	164	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	165
[1839]	166	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	167	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	168	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	169	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	170	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	171	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	172
[1912]	173	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
[2553]	174	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
[1912]	175	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	176	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	177	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	179	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	180	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	181	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	182	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	183	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	184
[1819]	185	!
	186	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	187	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	188
[1912]	189	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	190	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	191	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	192	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	193	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	194	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	195	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	196	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	197	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	198	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	199	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	200	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	201	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	202	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	203
[1912]	204
[1819]	205	!
	206	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	207
[1839]	208	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	209	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	210	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	211
[1819]	212	!
	213	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	214	TYPE file_status
	215	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	216	END TYPE file_status
	217
[1912]	218	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	219	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	220
	221	!
	222	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	223
[1839]	224	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	225	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	226	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	227	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	228	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	229	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	230
[1839]	231	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	232
[1912]	233	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	234	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	235	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	237	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	239	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	240	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	241
[1912]	242	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	243
[1912]	244	!
	245	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	246	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	247	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	248	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	249	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	250	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	251	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	252	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	253
[1839]	254	!
	255	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	260
[1912]	261	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	262	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	263
[1912]	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	266
[1912]	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	269
	270	!
	271	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	272
[1839]	273	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
	274	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	275	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	276	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	277	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	278	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	279	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	280	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	281	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	282	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	283	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	284	!
	285	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	286	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	287	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	288	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	289	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	290
[1912]	291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	300
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	303
	304	!
	305	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	312
	313	!
	314	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	318
	319	!
	320	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	324
	325	!
	326	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	330
	331	!
	332	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	336	!
	337	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	339
[1839]	340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	349
[1839]	350	!
	351	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	352
[1912]	353	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	354
[1912]	355	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	356	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	357	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	358	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	359	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	360	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	361	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	362	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1819]	363
[1864]	364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[2563]	365
[1839]	366	!
	367	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	368
[1912]	369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	379	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	380	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	381	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	382
[2563]	383	!
	384	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
	385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
	386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
	387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
	388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
	389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
	390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
	391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
[1819]	392
[2563]	393
[1839]	394	SAVE
[1819]	395
[1839]	396
	397	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	398	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	399	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[2563]	400
[2576]	401	INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
	402	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_skip_var_list
	403	END INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
	404
[2563]	405	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
	406	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
	407	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
	408
	409	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
	410	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
	411	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
[1912]	412
	413	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	414	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	415	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	416
	417	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	418	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	419	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	420
	421	INTERFACE wtm_init
	422	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	423	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	424
[1912]	425	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	426	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	427	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	428
[1819]	429	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	430	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[2553]	431	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
	432
	433	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
[1839]	434	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[2553]	435	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
[1864]	436
	437	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	438	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	439	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	440
	441	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	442	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	443	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	444	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	445
	446	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	447	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	448	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	449	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	450
	451
[1912]	452	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
[2576]	453	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies, wtm_skip_var_list
[1819]	454
[2563]	455
[1819]	456	CONTAINS
	457
	458
	459	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	460	! Description:
	461	! ------------
[1839]	462	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	463	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	464	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	465
	466
	467	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	468
	469	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	470
[1839]	471	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	472
	473	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	474	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	475	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	476	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	477	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	478	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	479	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	480	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[2349]	481	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2152]	482	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	483
[1819]	484	!
[1839]	485	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	486	REWIND ( 11 )
	487	line = ' '
	488	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	489	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	490	ENDDO
	491	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	492
	493	!
	494	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	495	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[2349]	496
[1912]	497	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
[2349]	498	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
	499	'End of file has reached'
[2322]	500	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2349]	501	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
	502	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
	503	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
	504	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	505	ENDIF
	506
[1839]	507	!
	508	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	509	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	510
[2563]	511	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	512	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
	513	ENDIF
	514
[1912]	515	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	516
	517
	518	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	519
[2563]	520
	521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	522	! Description:
	523	! ------------
[2576]	524	!> Skipping the wind turbine module variables from restart-file (binary format).
	525	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	526	SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
	527
	528	IMPLICIT NONE
	529
	530	CHARACTER (LEN=1) :: cdum
	531	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr
	532
	533	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	534
	535	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
	536
	537	READ ( 13 ) cdum
	538	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	539
	540	ENDDO
	541
	542	END SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
	543
	544
	545	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	546	! Description:
	547	! ------------
[2563]	548	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	549	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	550	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
	551
	552	IMPLICIT NONE
[2776]	553
	554	wind_turbine_prerun = .TRUE.
[2563]	555
	556	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
	557	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
	558	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
	559	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
	560	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
	561	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
	562	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
	563	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
	564	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
	565	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
	566	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
	567	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
	568	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
	569	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
	570	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
	571	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
	572	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
	573	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
	574	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
	575	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
[2776]	576	WRITE ( 14 ) 'wind_turbine_prerun '
	577	WRITE ( 14 ) wind_turbine_prerun
[2563]	578
	579	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
	580
	581	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
	582
	583
	584	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	585	! Description:
	586	! ------------
	587	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
	588	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	589	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
	590
	591
	592	IMPLICIT NONE
	593
	594	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
	595
	596
	597	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	598	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
	599
	600	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
	601
	602	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
	603	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
	604	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
	605	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
[2576]	606	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
	607	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
[2563]	608	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
	609	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
	610	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
	611	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
	612	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
	613	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
	614	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
	615	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
	616	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
	617	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
	618	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
	619	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
	620	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
	621	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
[2776]	622	CASE ( 'wind_turbine_prerun' )
	623	READ ( 13 ) wind_turbine_prerun
[2563]	624
	625	END SELECT
[2576]	626
[2563]	627	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	628
	629	ENDDO
	630
	631	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
	632
	633
	634	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	635	! Description:
	636	! ------------
	637	!> Check namelist parameter
	638	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	639	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	640
	641
	642	IMPLICIT NONE
	643
	644	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	645	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	646	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	647	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	648	ENDIF
	649
[2322]	650	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	651	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[2792]	652	'a value equal or larger than zero'
[2322]	653	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	654	ENDIF
	655
	656
	657	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	658	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	659	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	660
	661	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	662	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	663	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	664
	665	ENDIF
	666
	667
	668	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	669
	670
[1839]	671	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	672	! Description:
	673	! ------------
	674	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	675	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	676	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	677
	678
	679	IMPLICIT NONE
	680
[1864]	681	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	682	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	683
[1839]	684	!
	685	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	686	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	687
	688	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	689	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	690
	691	nrings(:) = 0
	692	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	693
	694	!
	695	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	696	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	697	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	698	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	699
	700	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	701	!
	702	!-- Determine number of rings:
	703	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	704
	705	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	706
	707	ENDDO
	708
	709	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	710
	711	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	712	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	713
	714	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	715	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	716
	717
	718	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	719	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	720	!
	721	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	722	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	723	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	724	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	725	ENDDO
	726	!
	727	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	728	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	729
	730	ENDDO
	731
	732	!
	733	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	734	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	735
[1864]	736	!!
	737	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	738	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	739	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	740	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	741	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	742	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	743	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	744	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	745	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	746	! ENDIF
[1819]	747
	748
	749	!
	750	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	751	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	752	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	753	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	754	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	755	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	756	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	757	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	758	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	759
	760	!
	761	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	762	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	763	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	764	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	765	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	766	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	767	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	768
	769	!
	770	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	771	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	772	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	773	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	774	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	775	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	776	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	777	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	778	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	779	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	780	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	781
	782	!
	783	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	784	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	785	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	786	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	787	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	788	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	789	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	790
	791	!
	792	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	793	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	794	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	795	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	796
	797	!
	798	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	799	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	800	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	801	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	802	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	803	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	804	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	805	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	806	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	807
	808	!
	809	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	810	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	811	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	812	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	813	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	814	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	815	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	816
	817	!
	818	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	819	i_hub(:) = 0
	820	i_smear(:) = 0
	821	j_hub(:) = 0
	822	j_smear(:) = 0
	823	k_hub(:) = 0
	824	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	825
[1819]	826	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	827	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	828
[2563]	829	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	830	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	831	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	832	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	833	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	834	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	835	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	836	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	837	ENDIF
	838
[1819]	839	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	840	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	841	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	842
	843	!
	844	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	845	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	846	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	847	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	848	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	849	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	850	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	851	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	852	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	853	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	854	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	855
	856	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	857	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	858	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	859	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	860	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	861	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	862
	863	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	864	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	865	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	866
[1912]	867	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	868	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	869	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	870	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	871	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	872	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	873	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	874	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	875
	876	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	877	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	878	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	879	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	880	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	881	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	882
	883
[1839]	884	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	885
	886
	887	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	888	! Description:
	889	! ------------
[1839]	890	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	891	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	892	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	893
[1839]	894
[1819]	895	IMPLICIT NONE
	896
	897	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	898	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	899	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	900
[1819]	901	!
[1864]	902	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	903	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	904
[1839]	905	!
[1864]	906	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	907	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	908	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	909	!
[1864]	910	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	911	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	912	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	913
	914	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	915	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	916	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	917
	918	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	919
	920	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	921	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	922	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	923	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	924
	925	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	926	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	927	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	928	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	929
[1839]	930	!
[1819]	931	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	932	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	933	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	934	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	935	!
[1839]	936	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	937	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	938
[1839]	939	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	940	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	941	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	942	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	943	!
[1839]	944	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	945	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	946	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	947	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	948	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	949	!
	950	!-- Square of eps_min:
	951	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	952	!
	953	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	954	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	955	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	956	!
[1839]	957	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	958	!-- function:
	959	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	960
[1864]	961	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	962	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	963
[1819]	964	!
[1864]	965	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
[2563]	966	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	967	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
	968	ENDIF
[1819]	969
[1864]	970
[1819]	971	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	972	!
[1864]	973	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	974	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	975
	976	!
	977	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	978	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	979	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	980	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	981
	982	!
	983	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	984	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	985	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	986	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	987	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	988	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	989	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	990
[1819]	991	ENDDO
	992
	993	!
[2792]	994	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
	995	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
	996	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	997
	998	CALL wtm_speed_control
	999
	1000	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	1001
	1002	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1003
	1004	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1005	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1006	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1007	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1008	ENDIF
	1009
	1010	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1011	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1012	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1013	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1014	ENDIF
	1015
	1016	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1017	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1018	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1019	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1020	ENDIF
	1021
	1022	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1023	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1024	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1025	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1026	ENDIF
	1027
	1028	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1029	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1030
	1031	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
	1032
	1033	ENDIF
	1034	ENDIF
	1035
	1036	END DO
	1037
	1038	ENDIF
	1039
	1040	ENDIF
	1041
	1042	!
[1819]	1043	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	1044	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	1045	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	1046	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1047	!
	1048	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	1049	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	1050
	1051	!
	1052	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	1053	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	1054	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	1055
	1056	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	1057
	1058	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1059
[1839]	1060
	1061	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	1062	!
[1839]	1063	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	1064	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	1065	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	1066	i = i_hub(inot)
	1067
	1068	!
[1839]	1069	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1070	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	1071	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1072	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1073	!
[1839]	1074	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1075	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	1076	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	1077	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	1078	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	1079	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	1080	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	1081
	1082	!
	1083	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	1084	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	1085	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1086	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1087
	1088	!
	1089	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	1090	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	1091	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	1092
	1093	DO j = nys, nyn
	1094	!
[1839]	1095	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	1096	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	1097
[1819]	1098	DO k = nzb, nzt
	1099
	1100	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1101	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	1102	!
[1819]	1103	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1104	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1105	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1106	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	1107	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1108	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1109	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1110	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1111	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1112	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	1113	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1114	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1115	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1116	!
	1117	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1118	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1119	ELSE
[1912]	1120	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1121	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	1122	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1123	ENDIF
	1124	!
	1125	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1126	ELSE
[1912]	1127	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	1128	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	1129	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1130	ENDIF
[1839]	1131	!
	1132	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	1133	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	1134	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1135
[1839]	1136	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	1137	!
[1819]	1138	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1139	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1140	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	1141	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1142	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	1143	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1144	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1145	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	1146	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1147	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	1148	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1149	!
	1150	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1151	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1152	ELSE
[1912]	1153	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1154	ENDIF
[1839]	1155	!
[1819]	1156	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1157	ELSE
[1912]	1158	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	1159	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1160	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	1161
	1162	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	1163
	1164	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	1165
	1166	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	1167
	1168	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	1169
	1170	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	1171
[1839]	1172
[1912]	1173	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	1174
[1839]	1175	!
[1864]	1176	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	1177	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	1178	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	1179	!!
	1180	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	1181	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	1182	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	1183	!
	1184	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	1185	!
	1186	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	1187	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	1188	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	1189	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1190	!!
	1191	!!-- bottom intersection point
	1192	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	1193	!!
	1194	!!-- top intersection point
	1195	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	1196	! ELSE
	1197	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	1198	! ENDIF
	1199	! ENDDO
	1200	!
	1201	!
	1202	! DO j = nys, nyn
	1203	!!
	1204	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	1205	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	1206	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	1207	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1208	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	1209	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1210	!!
	1211	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	1212	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	1213	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	1214	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1215	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	1216	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	1217	!!
	1218	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1219	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1220	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1221	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1222	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1223	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1224	! dz_int = dz
	1225	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1226	!!
	1227	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1228	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1229	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1230	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1231	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1232	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1233	! ENDIF
	1234	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1235	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1236	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1237	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1238	! ENDIF
	1239	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1240	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1241	! ENDIF
	1242	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1243	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1244	! ENDIF
	1245	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1246	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1247	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1248	! ENDIF
	1249	! ENDDO
	1250	! ENDIF
	1251	! ENDDO
	1252	! ENDIF
[1819]	1253	!
[1864]	1254	! ENDDO
[1819]	1255	!
[1912]	1256	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1257
[1864]	1258	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1259
[1912]	1260	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1261	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1262
[1912]	1263	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1264
[1864]	1265	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1266
	1267
[1819]	1268	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1269	! Description:
	1270	! ------------
	1271	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1272	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1273	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1274	!
	1275	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1276
[1839]	1277
[1864]	1278	IMPLICIT NONE
	1279
	1280	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1281	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1282
[1864]	1283	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1284
	1285	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1286
[1864]	1287	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1288	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1289	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1290	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1291	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1292	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1293	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1294	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1295	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1296	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1297
[1864]	1298	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1299	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1300	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1301
[1864]	1302	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1303	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1304
[1864]	1305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1310
[1864]	1311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1316
[1864]	1317	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1318
[1864]	1319	!
	1320	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1321	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1322
[2323]	1323	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1324
	1325	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1326	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1327	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1328	ENDIF
	1329	!
	1330	!-- Read distribution table:
	1331
	1332	dlen = 0
	1333
[2323]	1334	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1335
	1336	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1337	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1338	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1339	dlen = dlen + 1
	1340	ENDDO rloop3
	1341
	1342	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1343
	1344	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1345	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1346	ENDDO
	1347
	1348	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1349	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1350	ENDDO
	1351
	1352	!
	1353	!-- Read layout table:
	1354
[1839]	1355	dlen = 0
[1864]	1356
[2323]	1357	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1358
[1843]	1359	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1360	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1361	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1362	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1363	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1364
[1839]	1365	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1366	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1367	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1368	ENDDO
	1369	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1370	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1371	ENDDO
[1819]	1372
[1864]	1373	!
	1374	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1375
[1864]	1376	dlen = 0
	1377
[2323]	1378	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1379
[1843]	1380	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1381	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1382	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1383	dlen = dlen + 1
	1384	ENDDO rloop2
	1385
[1912]	1386	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1387	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1388
	1389	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1390	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1391	ENDDO
	1392
[1839]	1393	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1394	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1395	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1396	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1397	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1398	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1399	ENDDO
[1864]	1400
[1839]	1401	ENDDO
[1864]	1402
	1403	dlenbl = dlen
	1404
[2323]	1405	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1406
[1864]	1407	!
	1408	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
	1409	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
	1410	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1411	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1412	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1413
[1864]	1414	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1415	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
	1416	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1417	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1418
[1864]	1419	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1420	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1421
[1864]	1422
	1423	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1424	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1425
	1426
	1427	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
	1428
	1429	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1430
	1431	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1432	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1433	ialpha = 1
	1434
[2152]	1435	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1436	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1437	ENDDO
[1819]	1438	!
[1864]	1439	!-- Find position in table
	1440	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1441	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1819]	1442
[1864]	1443	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1444	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1445	ENDIF
[1819]	1446
[1864]	1447	trow = lct(1)
	1448	!
	1449	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
	1450	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1451	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1452	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1453	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1819]	1454
[1912]	1455	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1456	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1457	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[1864]	1458	ENDIF
[1819]	1459
[1864]	1460	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1461	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1462	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1463	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1464	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1465	ELSE
	1466	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1467	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1468	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1469	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1470	ENDIF
	1471
[1912]	1472	!
	1473	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1474	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1475	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1476	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1477	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1478	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1479	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1480	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1481	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1482	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1483	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1484	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1485	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1486	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1487	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1488	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1489	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1490	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1491	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1492	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1493	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1494	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1495	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1496	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1497	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1498	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[1819]	1499
[1912]	1500	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[1819]	1501
[1864]	1502	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
	1503
[1912]	1504	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1505
	1506
[1864]	1507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1508	! Description:
	1509	! ------------
	1510	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1511	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1513	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1514
[1864]	1515
	1516	IMPLICIT NONE
	1517
	1518	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1519	!
	1520	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1521	!-- the rotors
	1522	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1523	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1524	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1525
	1526	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1527	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1528	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1529
	1530	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1531	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1532	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1533
[1864]	1534	!
	1535	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1536	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1537
[1912]	1538	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1539	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1540	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1541	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1542	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1543	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1544	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1545	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1546	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1547	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1548	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1549	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1550	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1551	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1552	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1553	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1554	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1555	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1556	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1557	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1558	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1559	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1560	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1561	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1562
[1864]	1563	!
	1564	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1565	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1566	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1567	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1568	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1569
	1570	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1571
	1572
[1819]	1573	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1574	! Description:
	1575	! ------------
[1839]	1576	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1577	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1578	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1579
[1864]	1580
[1819]	1581	IMPLICIT NONE
	1582
[2669]	1583	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
[1819]	1584
[1839]	1585	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1586	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1587	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1588	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1589	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1590	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1591
[2232]	1592	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1593	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1594	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1595
	1596	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1597	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1598
	1599	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1600
	1601
[1839]	1602	!
[1819]	1603	! Variables for pitch control
	1604	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1605	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1606
[1819]	1607	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1608	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1609
	1610	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1611
	1612
[1864]	1613	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1614
	1615
	1616	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1617
[1864]	1618	!
[1819]	1619	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1620	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1621	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1622	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1623	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1624	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1625	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1626	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1627	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1628	!
	1629	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1630	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1631
	1632	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1633	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1634	!
[1839]	1635	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1636	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1637
	1638	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1639	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1640	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1641	!
	1642	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1643	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1644
	1645	!
[1839]	1646	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1647	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1648	!
[1864]	1649	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1650	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1651	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1652	!
[1864]	1653	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1654	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1655	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1656	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1657	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1658	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1659
[1864]	1660	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1661	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1662	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1663	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1664	re(3) = sin_rot
	1665
	1666	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1667	!
	1668	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1669	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1670	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1671	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1672
[1864]	1673	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1674	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1675	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1676	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1677	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1678
	1679	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1680	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1681
	1682	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1683	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1684
	1685	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1686	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1687
	1688	!
	1689	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1690
	1691	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1692	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2553]	1693	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
[1819]	1694	!
[1864]	1695	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1696	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1697	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1698	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1699
[1839]	1700	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1701	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1702	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1703	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1704	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1705	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1706	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1707	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1708	gg = dx * dy
	1709
[1864]	1710	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1711	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1712	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1713	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1714	) / gg
	1715
[1864]	1716	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1717	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1718	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1719	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1720	) / gg
	1721
[1864]	1722	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1723	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1724	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1725
	1726	ELSE
	1727	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1728	ENDIF
	1729	ELSE
	1730	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1731	ENDIF
	1732
	1733
	1734	!
	1735	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1736	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1737	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1738	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1739	!
[1864]	1740	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1741	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1742	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1743	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1744
[1839]	1745	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1746	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1747	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1748	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1749	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1750	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1751	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1752	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1753	gg = dx * dy
	1754
[1864]	1755	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1756	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1757	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1758	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1759	) / gg
	1760
[1864]	1761	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1762	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1763	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1764	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1765	) / gg
	1766
[1864]	1767	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1768	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1769	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1770
	1771	ELSE
	1772	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1773	ENDIF
	1774	ELSE
	1775	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1776	ENDIF
	1777
	1778
	1779	!
	1780	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1781	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1782	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1783	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1784	!
[1864]	1785	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1786	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1787	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1788	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1789
[1839]	1790	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1791	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1792	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1793	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1794	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1795	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1796	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1797	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1798	gg = dx * dy
	1799
[1864]	1800	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1801	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1802	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1803	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1804	) / gg
	1805
[1864]	1806	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1807	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1808	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1809	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1810	) / gg
	1811
[1864]	1812	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1813	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1814	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1815	ELSE
	1816	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1817	ENDIF
	1818	ELSE
	1819	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1820	ENDIF
	1821
	1822	ENDDO
	1823	ENDDO
	1824
	1825	ENDDO
	1826
	1827	!
	1828	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1829	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1830	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1831	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1832	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1833	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1834	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1835	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1836	#else
	1837	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1838	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1839	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1840	#endif
	1841
	1842
	1843	!
	1844	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1845
[1819]	1846	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1847	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1848
[1912]	1849	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1850	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1851	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1852	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1853	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1854	ELSE
	1855	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1856	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1857	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1858	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1859	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1860	ENDIF
[1819]	1861	ENDIF
	1862
[1839]	1863	!
	1864	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1865	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1866	!
	1867	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1868	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1869	!
	1870	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1871	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1872	!
[1839]	1873	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1874	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1875	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1876	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1877	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1878	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1879	!
[1839]	1880	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1881	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1882	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1883	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1884	re(3) = sin_rot
	1885
[1864]	1886	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1887	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1888	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1889	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1890
	1891	!
[1864]	1892	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1893	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1894	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1895	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1896	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1897	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1898	!
	1899	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1900	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1901	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1902	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1903	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1904	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1905	!
	1906	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1907	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1908
	1909	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1910
	1911	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1912
	1913	!
[1864]	1914	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1915	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1916	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1917	!
[1864]	1918	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[2553]	1919	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
[1819]	1920	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1921	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1922	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1923	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1924	!
	1925	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1926	!
[1819]	1927	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1928	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1929	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1930	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1931	!
[1864]	1932	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1933	!-- direction:
	1934	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1935	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1936	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1937	!
[1864]	1938	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1939	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1940
[1864]	1941	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1942	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1943	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1944
	1945	!
[1864]	1946	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1947	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1948
	1949	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1950	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1951
	1952	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1953	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1954	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1955	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1956	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1957	ELSE
[1864]	1958	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1959	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1960	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1961	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1962	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1963	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1964	ENDIF
	1965
	1966	!
[1864]	1967	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1968	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1969	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1970	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1971	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1972	!
[1864]	1973	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1974	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1975	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1976	!
[1864]	1977	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1978	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1979	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1980	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1981	!
[1864]	1982	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1983	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1984
	1985	!
[1864]	1986	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1987	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1988	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1989	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1990	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1991
	1992	!
[1864]	1993	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1994	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	1995	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	1996	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1997
	1998	!
[1864]	1999	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	2000	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	2001
	2002	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	2003	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2004	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	2005	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	2006	ELSE
[1864]	2007	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	2008	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	2009	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	2010	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	2011	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	2012	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	2013	ENDIF
	2014
	2015	!
	2016	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	2017	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	2018	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
	2019	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
	2020	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[1839]	2021	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
[1819]	2022	!
	2023	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	2024	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	2025	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	2026	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	2027	!
[1864]	2028	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	2029	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	2030	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	2031	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	2032
	2033	!
[1864]	2034	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	2035	!-- angles given in radian:
	2036	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	2037	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	2038
[2152]	2039	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	2040
	2041	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	2042	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	2043	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	2044	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	2045	!--
	2046	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	2047	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	2048	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	2049
	2050	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	2051
	2052	END IF
[1819]	2053	!
	2054	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2055	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	2056	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2057
	2058	!
[1864]	2059	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	2060
	2061	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	2062	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	2063
	2064	!
[1864]	2065	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	2066	!-- for each ring segment:
	2067	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	2068	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	2069	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2070
	2071	!
[1864]	2072	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	2073	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	2074	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	2075	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	2076	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	2077	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	2078	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2079	!
	2080	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	2081	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	2082	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	2083
	2084	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	2085	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	2086
[1912]	2087	!
	2088	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	2089	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	2090	thrust_seg(rseg)
	2091
	2092
[1819]	2093	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	2094
[1864]	2095	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	2096
	2097	!
[1864]	2098	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	2099	!-- each ring:
[1819]	2100	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	2101	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	2102	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	2103
	2104
[1864]	2105	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	2106
	2107
[1864]	2108	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	2109
[1912]	2110
	2111	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2112	!
	2113	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	2114
	2115	!
	2116	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	2117	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	2118	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	2119	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	2120	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	2121	( inertia_rot + &
	2122	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	2123
[1912]	2124	!
	2125	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	2126	!-- and rotor speed
	2127	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	2128
	2129	ENDIF
	2130
[1864]	2131	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	2132
[1912]	2133	!
	2134	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	2135	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	2136	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	2137	!-- gain
	2138	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	2139	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	2140	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	2141	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	2142	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	2143	!
	2144	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	2145	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	2146	ENDIF
[1912]	2147
	2148	!
	2149	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	2150	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	2151	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	2152	ENDIF
[1912]	2153	EXIT pit_loop
	2154	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	2155
[1864]	2156
[1819]	2157	!
[1864]	2158	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	2159
[1819]	2160	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2161	!
[1864]	2162	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2163	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2164	THEN
	2165	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2166	THEN
[1864]	2167	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2168	ENDIF
[1912]	2169	ENDIF
[1864]	2170
[1819]	2171	ENDIF
	2172
	2173
[1864]	2174	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	2175
[1864]	2176	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	2177
	2178
[1864]	2179	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	2180	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	2181	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	2182	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2183	!
[1864]	2184	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	2185	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	2186	!
	2187	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	2188	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	2189	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	2190	!-- consideration
[1819]	2191	!
[1864]	2192	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	2193	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	2194	!
	2195	!--
	2196	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	2197	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	2198	eps_min ) / dx )
	2199	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	2200	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	2201
[1864]	2202	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2203	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	2204	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2205	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	2206	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	2207	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	2208	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	2209	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2210	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2211	!
[2232]	2212	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	2213	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	2214
	2215	!
[1819]	2216	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	2217	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2218	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2219	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2220	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2221	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2222	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2223	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2224	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2225	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2226	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2227
	2228	!
	2229	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2230	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2231	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2232	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2233	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2234	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2235	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2236	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2237	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2238	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2239	flag
[1819]	2240	ENDIF
	2241	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2242	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2243	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2244	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2245	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2246	flag
[1819]	2247	ENDIF
	2248	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2249	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2250	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2251	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2252	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2253	flag
[1819]	2254	ENDIF
	2255
	2256	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2257	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2258
	2259	!
	2260	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2261	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2262	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2263	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2264	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2265	) * flag
[1819]	2266
[2232]	2267	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2268	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2269	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2270	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2271	) * flag
[1819]	2272
[2232]	2273	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2274	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2275	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2276	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2277	) * flag
[1819]	2278
	2279	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2280	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2281	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2282
[1864]	2283	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2284
[1912]	2285	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2286
	2287
	2288	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2289	!
	2290	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2291	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2292	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2293	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2294	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2295	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2296	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2297
[1864]	2298	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2299	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2300	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2301	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2302	start_up = .FALSE.
	2303	ENDIF
	2304
	2305	!
	2306	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2307	!--
	2308	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2309	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2310	!
	2311	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2312	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2313	THEN
	2314	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2315	THEN
[1864]	2316
[1819]	2317	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2318
[1912]	2319	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2320	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2321	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2322	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2323	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2324
	2325	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2326
[1819]	2327	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2328
[1819]	2329	ENDIF
	2330	ENDIF
	2331
[1864]	2332	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2333
	2334	!
[1929]	2335	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2336	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2337	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2338	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2339	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2340	comm2d, ierr )
	2341	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2342	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2343	#else
	2344	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2345	wdir = wdir_l
	2346	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2347
	2348
[1929]	2349	#endif
[1819]	2350	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2351	!
	2352	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2353	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2354
	2355	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2356
[2152]	2357	END IF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2358
	2359	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2360	!
	2361	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2362	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2363	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2364	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2365	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2366	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2367	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2368	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2369	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2370	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2371	#else
	2372	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2373	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2374	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2375	#endif
[1864]	2376
	2377	ENDIF
[1819]	2378
	2379	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2380
	2381	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2382	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2383	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2384	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2385	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2386	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2387	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2388	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2389	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2390	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2391
[1819]	2392	ELSE
	2393
[2669]	2394	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
	2395	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
	2396	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
	2397	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2398	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2399	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2400	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2401	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2402	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2403	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2404	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2405	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2406	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2407	ENDIF
	2408	ENDIF
	2409
[1912]	2410	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2411	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2412	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2413
	2414	ENDIF
	2415
[1864]	2416	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2417
[1912]	2418	!
	2419	!-- Formats
[1819]	2420	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2421	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2422	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2423	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2424	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2425
[1864]	2426	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2427	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2428
	2429
	2430	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2431
	2432
[1839]	2433	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2434	! Description:
	2435	! ------------
	2436	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2437	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2438	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2439
[1819]	2440	USE kinds
[1839]	2441
	2442	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2443
	2444	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2445	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2446	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2447
	2448	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2449
	2450	!
[1864]	2451	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2452	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2453	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2454	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2455	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2456	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2457	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2458	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2459	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2460	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2461	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2462	!
	2463	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2464	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2465	!
[1864]	2466	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2467	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2468	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2469	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2470	!
[1864]	2471	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2472	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2473
	2474	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2475	!
[1864]	2476	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2477	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2478	!
[1864]	2479	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2480	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2481	!
[1864]	2482	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2483	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2484	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2485	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2486	ENDIF
	2487	ENDIF
	2488
	2489	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2490
	2491	!
[1864]	2492	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2493	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2494	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2495
	2496	ELSE
	2497	!
	2498	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2499	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2500	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2501	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2502	!
[1864]	2503	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2504	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2505	!
	2506	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2507	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2508	!
	2509	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2510	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2511	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2512	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2513	!
	2514	!-- Continue yawing
	2515	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2516	ELSE
[1864]	2517	!
	2518	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2519	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2520	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2521	ENDIF
	2522	ELSE
[1864]	2523	!
	2524	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2525	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2526	ENDIF
	2527
	2528	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2529
	2530	ENDIF
	2531
[1839]	2532	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2533
[1864]	2534
[1819]	2535	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2536	! Description:
	2537	! ------------
[1864]	2538	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2539	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2540	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2541
	2542
	2543	IMPLICIT NONE
	2544
	2545	!
	2546	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2547	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2548	!
	2549	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2550	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2551	!
	2552	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2553	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2554	!
	2555	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2556	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2557	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2558	!
	2559	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2560	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2561	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
[2410]	2562	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
[1864]	2563	!
	2564	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2565	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2566	!
	2567	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2568	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
[2563]	2569	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	2570	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2571	ENDIF
[1864]	2572
	2573	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2574
	2575
	2576	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2577	! Description:
	2578	! ------------
	2579	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2580	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2581	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2582
	2583
	2584	IMPLICIT NONE
	2585
[1912]	2586	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2587
	2588
[1864]	2589
	2590	!
	2591	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2592	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2593	!-- offshore system developement"
	2594
	2595	!
	2596	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2597	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2598	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2599	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2600	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2601
	2602	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2603	!
	2604	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2605	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2606
	2607	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2608	!
	2609	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2610	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2611
	2612	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2613	!
	2614	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2615	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2616	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2617
	2618	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2619	!
	2620	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2621	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2622
	2623	ELSE
	2624	!
	2625	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2626	!-- keep the power constant:
	2627	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2628
	2629	ENDIF
	2630	!
	2631	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2632	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2633	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2634	!
	2635	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2636	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2637	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2638	!
	2639	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2640	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2641
	2642
	2643	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2644
	2645
	2646	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2647	! Description:
	2648	! ------------
[1839]	2649	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2650	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2651	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2652	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2653	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2654
[1839]	2655
[1819]	2656	IMPLICIT NONE
	2657
[1839]	2658	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2659	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2660	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2661	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2662
	2663
	2664	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2665
	2666	CASE ( 1 )
	2667	!
	2668	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2669	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2670	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2671	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2672	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2673	!
[1864]	2674	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2675	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[2553]	2676	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2677	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2678	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2553]	2679
[2232]	2680	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2681	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2682	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2683	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2684	ENDDO
	2685	ENDDO
	2686	ENDDO
	2687	ENDIF
	2688
	2689	CASE ( 2 )
	2690	!
	2691	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2692	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2693	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2694	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2695	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2696	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2697	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2698	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2699	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2700	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2701	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2702	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2703	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2704	ENDDO
	2705	ENDDO
	2706	ENDDO
	2707	ENDIF
	2708
	2709	CASE ( 3 )
	2710	!
	2711	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2712	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2713	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2714	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2715	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2716	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2717	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2718	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2719	ENDDO
	2720	ENDDO
	2721	ENDDO
	2722	ENDIF
	2723
	2724
	2725	CASE DEFAULT
	2726
	2727	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2728	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2729
	2730	END SELECT
	2731
	2732
	2733	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2734
	2735
	2736	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2737	! Description:
	2738	! ------------
[1839]	2739	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2740	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2741	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2742	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2743	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2744
	2745
	2746	IMPLICIT NONE
	2747
[1839]	2748	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2749	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2750	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2751	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2752
	2753	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2754
	2755	CASE ( 1 )
	2756	!
	2757	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2758	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2759	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2760	!
[1839]	2761	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2762	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2763	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2764	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2765	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2766	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2767	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2768	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2553]	2769	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2770	ENDDO
	2771	ENDIF
	2772
	2773	CASE ( 2 )
	2774	!
	2775	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2776	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2777	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2778	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2779	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2780	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2781	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2782	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2783	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2784	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2785	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[2553]	2786	ENDDO
[1819]	2787	ENDIF
	2788
	2789	CASE ( 3 )
	2790	!
	2791	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2792	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2793	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2794	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2795	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2796	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2797	ENDDO
	2798	ENDIF
	2799
	2800
	2801	CASE DEFAULT
	2802
	2803	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2804	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2805
	2806	END SELECT
	2807
	2808
	2809	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2810
	2811	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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