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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2636

Last change on this file since 2636 was 2576, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Bugfixes for restart runs
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 115.7 KB

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[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2257]	17	! Copyright 2009-2017 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
[2101]	18	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z raasch $
[2576]	28	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_var_list to skip module
	29	! parameters during reading restart data
	30	!
	31	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	32	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
	33	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
	34	! defined
	35	!
	36	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
[2553]	37	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
	38	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
	39	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
	40	!
	41	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
[2410]	42	! Revise error message PA0462
	43	!
	44	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
[2349]	45	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
	46	!
	47	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
[2341]	48	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
[2323]	49	!
[2343]	50	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
	51	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
	52	!
[2323]	53	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
[2322]	54	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
	55	!
	56	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
[2257]	57	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
[1844]	58	!
[2257]	59	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
	60	!
[2233]	61	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	62	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	63	!
[2153]	64	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	65	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	66	! Addition of a tip loss model
	67	!
[2016]	68	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	69	! Bugfix of pitch control
	70	!
[2001]	71	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	72	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	73	!
[1930]	74	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	75	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	76	!
[1917]	77	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	78	! Initial revision
	79	!
[1819]	80	!
	81	! Description:
	82	! ------------
	83	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	84	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	85	!> (ADM-R).
	86	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	87	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	88	!> yaw.
	89	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	90	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	91	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	92	!> automatically).
	93	!>
	94	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	95	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	96	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	97	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	98	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	99	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	100	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	101	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	102	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	103	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	104	!
	105	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	106	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	107
	108	USE arrays_3d, &
[2553]	109	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[1819]	110
[2553]	111	USE constants, &
	112	ONLY: pi
[1819]	113
	114	USE control_parameters, &
[2563]	115	ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, wind_turbine, &
	116	initializing_actions
[1819]	117
	118	USE cpulog, &
	119	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	120
	121	USE grid_variables, &
	122	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	123
	124	USE indices, &
	125	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	126	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	127
	128	USE kinds
	129
	130	USE pegrid
	131
	132
	133	IMPLICIT NONE
	134
[1864]	135	PRIVATE
[1819]	136
	137	!
	138	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	139
[1864]	140	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	141	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	142
[1839]	143	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	144	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	145	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	146	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	147
[1839]	148	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	149	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	150	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	151	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	152	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	153	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	154
[1912]	155	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
[2553]	156	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
[1912]	157	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	158	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	159	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	160	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	161	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	162	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	163	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	164	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	165	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	166
[1819]	167	!
	168	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	169	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	170
[1912]	171	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	172	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	173	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	174	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	175	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	176	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	177	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	178	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	179	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	180	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	181	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	182	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	183	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	184	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	185
[1912]	186
[1819]	187	!
	188	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	189
[1839]	190	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	191	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	192	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	193
[1819]	194	!
	195	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	196	TYPE file_status
	197	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	198	END TYPE file_status
	199
[1912]	200	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	201	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	202
	203	!
	204	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	205
[1839]	206	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	207	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	208	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	209	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	210	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	211	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	212
[1839]	213	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	214
[1912]	215	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	216	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	217	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	218	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	219	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	220	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	221	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	222	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	223
[1912]	224	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	225
[1912]	226	!
	227	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	228	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	229	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	230	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	231	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	232	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	233	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	234	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	235
[1839]	236	!
	237	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	239	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	240	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	241	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	242
[1912]	243	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	244	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	245
[1912]	246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	247	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	248
[1912]	249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	251
	252	!
	253	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	254
[1839]	255	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
	256	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	257	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	258	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	259	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	260	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	261	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	262	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	263	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	264	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	265	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	266	!
	267	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	268	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	269	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	270	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	271	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	272
[1912]	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	282
	283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	285
	286	!
	287	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	294
	295	!
	296	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	300
	301	!
	302	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	306
	307	!
	308	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	312
	313	!
	314	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	318	!
	319	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	321
[1839]	322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	331
[1839]	332	!
	333	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	334
[1912]	335	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	336
[1912]	337	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	338	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	339	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	340	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	341	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	342	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	343	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	344	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1819]	345
[1864]	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[2563]	347
[1839]	348	!
	349	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	350
[1912]	351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	361	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	362	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	363	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	364
[2563]	365	!
	366	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
	367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
	368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
	369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
	370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
	371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
	372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
	373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
[1819]	374
[2563]	375
[1839]	376	SAVE
[1819]	377
[1839]	378
	379	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	380	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	381	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[2563]	382
[2576]	383	INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
	384	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_skip_var_list
	385	END INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
	386
[2563]	387	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
	388	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
	389	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
	390
	391	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
	392	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
	393	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
[1912]	394
	395	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	396	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	397	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	398
	399	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	400	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	401	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	402
	403	INTERFACE wtm_init
	404	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	405	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	406
[1912]	407	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	408	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	409	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	410
[1819]	411	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	412	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[2553]	413	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
	414
	415	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
[1839]	416	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[2553]	417	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
[1864]	418
	419	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	420	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	421	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	422
	423	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	424	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	425	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	426	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	427
	428	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	429	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	430	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	431	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	432
	433
[1912]	434	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
[2576]	435	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies, wtm_skip_var_list
[1819]	436
[2563]	437
[1819]	438	CONTAINS
	439
	440
	441	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	442	! Description:
	443	! ------------
[1839]	444	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	445	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	446	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	447
	448
	449	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	450
	451	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	452
[1839]	453	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	454
	455	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	456	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	457	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	458	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	459	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	460	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	461	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	462	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[2349]	463	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2152]	464	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	465
[1819]	466	!
[1839]	467	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	468	REWIND ( 11 )
	469	line = ' '
	470	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	471	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	472	ENDDO
	473	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	474
	475	!
	476	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	477	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[2349]	478
[1912]	479	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
[2349]	480	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
	481	'End of file has reached'
[2322]	482	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2349]	483	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
	484	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
	485	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
	486	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	487	ENDIF
	488
[1839]	489	!
	490	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	491	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	492
[2563]	493	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	494	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
	495	ENDIF
	496
[1912]	497	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	498
	499
	500	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	501
[2563]	502
	503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	504	! Description:
	505	! ------------
[2576]	506	!> Skipping the wind turbine module variables from restart-file (binary format).
	507	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	508	SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
	509
	510	IMPLICIT NONE
	511
	512	CHARACTER (LEN=1) :: cdum
	513	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr
	514
	515	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	516
	517	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
	518
	519	READ ( 13 ) cdum
	520	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	521
	522	ENDDO
	523
	524	END SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
	525
	526
	527	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	528	! Description:
	529	! ------------
[2563]	530	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	531	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	532	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
	533
	534	IMPLICIT NONE
	535
	536	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
	537	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
	538	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
	539	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
	540	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
	541	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
	542	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
	543	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
	544	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
	545	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
	546	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
	547	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
	548	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
	549	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
	550	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
	551	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
	552	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
	553	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
	554	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
	555	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
	556
	557	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
	558
	559	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
	560
	561
	562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	563	! Description:
	564	! ------------
	565	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
	566	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	567	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
	568
	569
	570	IMPLICIT NONE
	571
	572	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
	573
	574
	575	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	576	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
	577
	578	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
	579
	580	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
	581	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
	582	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
	583	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
[2576]	584	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
	585	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
[2563]	586	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
	587	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
	588	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
	589	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
	590	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
	591	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
	592	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
	593	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
	594	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
	595	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
	596	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
	597	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
	598	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
	599	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
	600
	601	END SELECT
[2576]	602
[2563]	603	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	604
	605	ENDDO
	606
	607	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
	608
	609
	610	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	611	! Description:
	612	! ------------
	613	!> Check namelist parameter
	614	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	615	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	616
	617
	618	IMPLICIT NONE
	619
	620	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	621	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	622	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	623	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	624	ENDIF
	625
[2322]	626	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	627	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[2410]	628	'a value larger than or equal to zero'
[2322]	629	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	630	ENDIF
	631
	632
	633	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	634	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	635	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	636
	637	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	638	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	639	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	640
	641	ENDIF
	642
	643
	644	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	645
	646
[1839]	647	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	648	! Description:
	649	! ------------
	650	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	651	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	652	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	653
	654
	655	IMPLICIT NONE
	656
[1864]	657	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	658	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	659
[1839]	660	!
	661	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	662	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	663
	664	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	665	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	666
	667	nrings(:) = 0
	668	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	669
	670	!
	671	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	672	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	673	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	674	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	675
	676	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	677	!
	678	!-- Determine number of rings:
	679	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	680
	681	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	682
	683	ENDDO
	684
	685	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	686
	687	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	688	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	689
	690	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	691	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	692
	693
	694	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	695	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	696	!
	697	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	698	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	699	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	700	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	701	ENDDO
	702	!
	703	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	704	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	705
	706	ENDDO
	707
	708	!
	709	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	710	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	711
[1864]	712	!!
	713	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	714	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	715	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	716	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	717	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	718	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	719	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	720	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	721	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	722	! ENDIF
[1819]	723
	724
	725	!
	726	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	727	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	728	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	729	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	730	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	731	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	732	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	733	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	734	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	735
	736	!
	737	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	738	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	739	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	740	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	741	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	742	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	743	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	744
	745	!
	746	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	747	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	748	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	749	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	750	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	751	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	752	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	753	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	754	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	755	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	756	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	757
	758	!
	759	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	760	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	761	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	762	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	763	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	764	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	765	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	766
	767	!
	768	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	769	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	770	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	771	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	772
	773	!
	774	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	775	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	776	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	777	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	778	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	779	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	780	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	781	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	782	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	783
	784	!
	785	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	786	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	787	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	788	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	789	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	790	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	791	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	792
	793	!
	794	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	795	i_hub(:) = 0
	796	i_smear(:) = 0
	797	j_hub(:) = 0
	798	j_smear(:) = 0
	799	k_hub(:) = 0
	800	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	801
[1819]	802	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	803	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	804
[2563]	805	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	806	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	807	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	808	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	809	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	810	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	811	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	812	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	813	ENDIF
	814
[1819]	815	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	816	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	817	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	818
	819	!
	820	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	821	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	822	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	823	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	824	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	825	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	826	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	827	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	828	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	829	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	830	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	831
	832	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	833	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	834	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	835	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	836	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	837	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	838
	839	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	840	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	841	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	842
[1912]	843	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	844	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	845	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	846	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	847	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	848	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	849	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	850	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	851
	852	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	853	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	854	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	855	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	856	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	857	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	858
	859
[1839]	860	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	861
	862
	863	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	864	! Description:
	865	! ------------
[1839]	866	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	867	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	868	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	869
[1839]	870
[1819]	871	IMPLICIT NONE
	872
	873	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	874	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	875	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	876
[1819]	877	!
[1864]	878	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	879	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	880
[1839]	881	!
[1864]	882	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	883	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	884	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	885	!
[1864]	886	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	887	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	888	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	889
	890	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	891	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	892	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	893
	894	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	895
	896	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	897	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	898	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	899	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	900
	901	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	902	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	903	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	904	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	905
	906
[1864]	907	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	908
	909	CALL wtm_speed_control
	910
[2563]	911	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	912
	913	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	914
	915	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	916	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	917	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	918	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	919	ENDIF
	920
	921	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	922	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	923	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	924	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	925	ENDIF
	926
	927	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	928	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	929	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	930	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	931	ENDIF
	932
	933	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	934	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	935	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	936	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	937	ENDIF
	938
	939	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	940	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	941
	942	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
	943
	944	ENDIF
	945	ENDIF
	946
	947	END DO
	948
	949	ENDIF
	950
[1864]	951	ENDIF
	952
[1839]	953	!
[1819]	954	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	955	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	956	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	957	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	958	!
[1839]	959	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	960	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	961
[1839]	962	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	963	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	964	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	965	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	966	!
[1839]	967	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	968	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	969	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	970	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	971	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	972	!
	973	!-- Square of eps_min:
	974	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	975	!
	976	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	977	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	978	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	979	!
[1839]	980	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	981	!-- function:
	982	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	983
[1864]	984	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	985	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	986
[1819]	987	!
[1864]	988	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
[2563]	989	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	990	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
	991	ENDIF
[1819]	992
[1864]	993
[1819]	994	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	995	!
[1864]	996	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	997	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	998
	999	!
	1000	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	1001	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	1002	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1003	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	1004
	1005	!
	1006	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	1007	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	1008	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	1009	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	1010	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	1011	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	1012	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	1013
[1819]	1014	ENDDO
	1015
	1016	!
	1017	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	1018	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	1019	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	1020	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1021	!
	1022	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	1023	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	1024
	1025	!
	1026	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	1027	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	1028	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	1029
	1030	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	1031
	1032	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1033
[1839]	1034
	1035	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	1036	!
[1839]	1037	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	1038	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	1039	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	1040	i = i_hub(inot)
	1041
	1042	!
[1839]	1043	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1044	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	1045	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1046	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1047	!
[1839]	1048	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1049	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	1050	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	1051	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	1052	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	1053	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	1054	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	1055
	1056	!
	1057	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	1058	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	1059	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1060	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1061
	1062	!
	1063	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	1064	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	1065	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	1066
	1067	DO j = nys, nyn
	1068	!
[1839]	1069	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	1070	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	1071
[1819]	1072	DO k = nzb, nzt
	1073
	1074	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1075	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	1076	!
[1819]	1077	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1078	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1079	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1080	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	1081	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1082	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1083	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1084	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1085	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1086	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	1087	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1088	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1089	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1090	!
	1091	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1092	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1093	ELSE
[1912]	1094	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1095	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	1096	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1097	ENDIF
	1098	!
	1099	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1100	ELSE
[1912]	1101	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	1102	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	1103	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1104	ENDIF
[1839]	1105	!
	1106	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	1107	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	1108	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1109
[1839]	1110	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	1111	!
[1819]	1112	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1113	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1114	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	1115	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1116	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	1117	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1118	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1119	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	1120	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1121	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	1122	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1123	!
	1124	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1125	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1126	ELSE
[1912]	1127	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1128	ENDIF
[1839]	1129	!
[1819]	1130	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1131	ELSE
[1912]	1132	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	1133	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1134	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	1135
	1136	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	1137
	1138	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	1139
	1140	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	1141
	1142	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	1143
	1144	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	1145
[1839]	1146
[1912]	1147	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	1148
[1839]	1149	!
[1864]	1150	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	1151	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	1152	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	1153	!!
	1154	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	1155	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	1156	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	1157	!
	1158	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	1159	!
	1160	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	1161	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	1162	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	1163	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1164	!!
	1165	!!-- bottom intersection point
	1166	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	1167	!!
	1168	!!-- top intersection point
	1169	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	1170	! ELSE
	1171	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	1172	! ENDIF
	1173	! ENDDO
	1174	!
	1175	!
	1176	! DO j = nys, nyn
	1177	!!
	1178	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	1179	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	1180	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	1181	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1182	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	1183	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1184	!!
	1185	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	1186	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	1187	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	1188	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1189	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	1190	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	1191	!!
	1192	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1193	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1194	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1195	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1196	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1197	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1198	! dz_int = dz
	1199	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1200	!!
	1201	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1202	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1203	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1204	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1205	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1206	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1207	! ENDIF
	1208	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1209	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1210	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1211	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1212	! ENDIF
	1213	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1214	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1215	! ENDIF
	1216	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1217	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1218	! ENDIF
	1219	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1220	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1221	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1222	! ENDIF
	1223	! ENDDO
	1224	! ENDIF
	1225	! ENDDO
	1226	! ENDIF
[1819]	1227	!
[1864]	1228	! ENDDO
[1819]	1229	!
[1912]	1230	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1231
[1864]	1232	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1233
[1912]	1234	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1235	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1236
[1912]	1237	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1238
[1864]	1239	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1240
	1241
[1819]	1242	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1243	! Description:
	1244	! ------------
	1245	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1246	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1247	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1248	!
	1249	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1250
[1839]	1251
[1864]	1252	IMPLICIT NONE
	1253
	1254	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1255	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1256
[1864]	1257	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1258
	1259	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1260
[1864]	1261	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1262	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1263	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1264	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1265	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1266	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1267	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1268	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1269	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1270	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1271
[1864]	1272	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1273	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1274	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1275
[1864]	1276	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1277	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1278
[1864]	1279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1284
[1864]	1285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1290
[1864]	1291	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1292
[1864]	1293	!
	1294	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1295	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1296
[2323]	1297	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1298
	1299	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1300	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1301	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1302	ENDIF
	1303	!
	1304	!-- Read distribution table:
	1305
	1306	dlen = 0
	1307
[2323]	1308	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1309
	1310	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1311	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1312	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1313	dlen = dlen + 1
	1314	ENDDO rloop3
	1315
	1316	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1317
	1318	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1319	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1320	ENDDO
	1321
	1322	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1323	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1324	ENDDO
	1325
	1326	!
	1327	!-- Read layout table:
	1328
[1839]	1329	dlen = 0
[1864]	1330
[2323]	1331	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1332
[1843]	1333	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1334	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1335	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1336	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1337	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1338
[1839]	1339	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1340	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1341	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1342	ENDDO
	1343	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1344	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1345	ENDDO
[1819]	1346
[1864]	1347	!
	1348	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1349
[1864]	1350	dlen = 0
	1351
[2323]	1352	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1353
[1843]	1354	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1355	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1356	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1357	dlen = dlen + 1
	1358	ENDDO rloop2
	1359
[1912]	1360	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1361	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1362
	1363	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1364	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1365	ENDDO
	1366
[1839]	1367	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1368	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1369	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1370	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1371	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1372	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1373	ENDDO
[1864]	1374
[1839]	1375	ENDDO
[1864]	1376
	1377	dlenbl = dlen
	1378
[2323]	1379	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1380
[1864]	1381	!
	1382	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
	1383	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
	1384	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1385	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1386	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1387
[1864]	1388	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1389	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
	1390	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1391	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1392
[1864]	1393	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1394	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1395
[1864]	1396
	1397	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1398	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1399
	1400
	1401	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
	1402
	1403	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1404
	1405	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1406	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1407	ialpha = 1
	1408
[2152]	1409	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1410	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1411	ENDDO
[1819]	1412	!
[1864]	1413	!-- Find position in table
	1414	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1415	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1819]	1416
[1864]	1417	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1418	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1419	ENDIF
[1819]	1420
[1864]	1421	trow = lct(1)
	1422	!
	1423	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
	1424	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1425	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1426	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1427	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1819]	1428
[1912]	1429	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1430	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1431	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[1864]	1432	ENDIF
[1819]	1433
[1864]	1434	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1435	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1436	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1437	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1438	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1439	ELSE
	1440	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1441	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1442	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1443	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1444	ENDIF
	1445
[1912]	1446	!
	1447	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1448	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1449
	1450	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1451	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1452	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1453	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1454	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1455	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1456	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1457	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1458	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1459	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1460	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1461	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1462	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1463	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1464	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1465	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1466	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1467	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1468	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1469	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1470	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1471	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1472	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1473	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[1819]	1474
[1912]	1475	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[1819]	1476
[1864]	1477	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
	1478
[1912]	1479	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1480
	1481
[1864]	1482	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1483	! Description:
	1484	! ------------
	1485	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1486	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1487	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1488	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1489
[1864]	1490
	1491	IMPLICIT NONE
	1492
	1493	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1494	!
	1495	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1496	!-- the rotors
	1497	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1498	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1499	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1500
	1501	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1502	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1503	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1504
	1505	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1506	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1507	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1508
[1864]	1509	!
	1510	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1511	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1512
[1912]	1513	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1514	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1515	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1516	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1517	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1518	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1519	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1520	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1521	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1522	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1523	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1524	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1525	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1526	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1527	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1528	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1529	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1530	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1531	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1532	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1533	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1534	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1535	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1536	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1537
[1864]	1538	!
	1539	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1540	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1541	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1542	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1543	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1544
	1545	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1546
	1547
[1819]	1548	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1549	! Description:
	1550	! ------------
[1839]	1551	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1552	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1553	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1554
[1864]	1555
[1819]	1556	IMPLICIT NONE
	1557
	1558	CHARACTER (LEN=2) :: turbine_id
	1559
[1839]	1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1561	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1562	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1563	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1564	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1566
[2232]	1567	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1568	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1569	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1570
	1571	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1572	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1573
	1574	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1575
	1576
[1839]	1577	!
[1819]	1578	! Variables for pitch control
	1579	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1580	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1581
[1819]	1582	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1583	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1584
	1585	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1586
	1587
[1864]	1588	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1589
	1590
	1591	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1592
[1864]	1593	!
[1819]	1594	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1595	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1596	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1597	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1598	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1599	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1600	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1601	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1602	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1603	!
	1604	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1605	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1606
	1607	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1608	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1609	!
[1839]	1610	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1611	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1612
	1613	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1614	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1615	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1616	!
	1617	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1618	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1619
	1620	!
[1839]	1621	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1622	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1623	!
[1864]	1624	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1625	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1626	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1627	!
[1864]	1628	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1629	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1630	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1631	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1632	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1633	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1634
[1864]	1635	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1636	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1637	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1638	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1639	re(3) = sin_rot
	1640
	1641	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1642	!
	1643	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1644	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1645	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1646	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1647
[1864]	1648	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1649	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1650	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1651	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1652	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1653
	1654	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1655	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1656
	1657	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1658	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1659
	1660	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1661	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1662
	1663	!
	1664	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1665
	1666	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1667	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2553]	1668	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
[1819]	1669	!
[1864]	1670	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1671	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1672	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1673	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1674
[1839]	1675	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1676	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1677	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1678	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1679	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1680	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1681	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1682	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1683	gg = dx * dy
	1684
[1864]	1685	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1686	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1687	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1688	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1689	) / gg
	1690
[1864]	1691	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1692	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1693	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1694	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1695	) / gg
	1696
[1864]	1697	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1698	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1699	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1700
	1701	ELSE
	1702	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1703	ENDIF
	1704	ELSE
	1705	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1706	ENDIF
	1707
	1708
	1709	!
	1710	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1711	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1712	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1713	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1714	!
[1864]	1715	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1716	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1717	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1718	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1719
[1839]	1720	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1721	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1722	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1723	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1724	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1725	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1726	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1727	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1728	gg = dx * dy
	1729
[1864]	1730	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1731	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1732	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1733	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1734	) / gg
	1735
[1864]	1736	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1737	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1738	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1739	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1740	) / gg
	1741
[1864]	1742	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1743	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1744	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1745
	1746	ELSE
	1747	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1748	ENDIF
	1749	ELSE
	1750	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1751	ENDIF
	1752
	1753
	1754	!
	1755	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1756	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1757	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1758	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1759	!
[1864]	1760	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1761	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1762	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1763	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1764
[1839]	1765	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1766	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1767	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1768	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1769	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1770	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1771	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1772	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1773	gg = dx * dy
	1774
[1864]	1775	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1776	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1777	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1778	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1779	) / gg
	1780
[1864]	1781	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1782	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1783	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1784	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1785	) / gg
	1786
[1864]	1787	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1788	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1789	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1790	ELSE
	1791	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1792	ENDIF
	1793	ELSE
	1794	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1795	ENDIF
	1796
	1797	ENDDO
	1798	ENDDO
	1799
	1800	ENDDO
	1801
	1802	!
	1803	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1804	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1805	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1806	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1807	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1808	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1809	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1810	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1811	#else
	1812	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1813	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1814	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1815	#endif
	1816
	1817
	1818	!
	1819	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1820
[1819]	1821	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1822	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1823
[1912]	1824	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1825	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1826	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1827	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1828	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1829	ELSE
	1830	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1831	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1832	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1833	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1834	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1835	ENDIF
[1819]	1836	ENDIF
	1837
[1839]	1838	!
	1839	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1840	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1841	!
	1842	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1843	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1844	!
	1845	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1846	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1847	!
[1839]	1848	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1849	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1850	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1851	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1852	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1853	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1854	!
[1839]	1855	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1856	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1857	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1858	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1859	re(3) = sin_rot
	1860
[1864]	1861	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1862	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1863	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1864	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1865
	1866	!
[1864]	1867	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1868	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1869	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1870	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1871	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1872	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1873	!
	1874	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1875	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1876	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1877	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1878	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1879	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1880	!
	1881	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1882	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1883
	1884	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1885
	1886	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1887
	1888	!
[1864]	1889	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1890	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1891	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1892	!
[1864]	1893	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[2553]	1894	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
[1819]	1895	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1896	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1897	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1898	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1899	!
	1900	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1901	!
[1819]	1902	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1903	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1904	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1905	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1906	!
[1864]	1907	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1908	!-- direction:
	1909	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1910	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1911	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1912	!
[1864]	1913	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1914	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1915
[1864]	1916	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1917	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1918	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1919
	1920	!
[1864]	1921	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1922	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1923
	1924	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1925	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1926
	1927	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1928	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1929	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1930	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1931	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1932	ELSE
[1864]	1933	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1934	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1935	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1936	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1937	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1938	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1939	ENDIF
	1940
	1941	!
[1864]	1942	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1943	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1944	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1945	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1946	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1947	!
[1864]	1948	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1949	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1950	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1951	!
[1864]	1952	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1953	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1954	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1955	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1956	!
[1864]	1957	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1958	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1959
	1960	!
[1864]	1961	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1962	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1963	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1964	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1965	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1966
	1967	!
[1864]	1968	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1969	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	1970	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	1971	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1972
	1973	!
[1864]	1974	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	1975	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	1976
	1977	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1978	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1979	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	1980	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1981	ELSE
[1864]	1982	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	1983	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1984	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	1985	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	1986	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1987	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1988	ENDIF
	1989
	1990	!
	1991	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	1992	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1993	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
	1994	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
	1995	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[1839]	1996	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
[1819]	1997	!
	1998	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	1999	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	2000	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	2001	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	2002	!
[1864]	2003	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	2004	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	2005	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	2006	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	2007
	2008	!
[1864]	2009	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	2010	!-- angles given in radian:
	2011	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	2012	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	2013
[2152]	2014	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	2015
	2016	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	2017	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	2018	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	2019	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	2020	!--
	2021	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	2022	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	2023	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	2024
	2025	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	2026
	2027	END IF
[1819]	2028	!
	2029	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2030	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	2031	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2032
	2033	!
[1864]	2034	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	2035
	2036	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	2037	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	2038
	2039	!
[1864]	2040	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	2041	!-- for each ring segment:
	2042	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	2043	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	2044	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2045
	2046	!
[1864]	2047	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	2048	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	2049	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	2050	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	2051	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	2052	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	2053	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2054	!
	2055	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	2056	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	2057	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	2058
	2059	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	2060	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	2061
[1912]	2062	!
	2063	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	2064	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	2065	thrust_seg(rseg)
	2066
	2067
[1819]	2068	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	2069
[1864]	2070	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	2071
	2072	!
[1864]	2073	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	2074	!-- each ring:
[1819]	2075	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	2076	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	2077	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	2078
	2079
[1864]	2080	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	2081
	2082
[1864]	2083	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	2084
[1912]	2085
	2086	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2087	!
	2088	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	2089
	2090	!
	2091	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	2092	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	2093	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	2094	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	2095	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	2096	( inertia_rot + &
	2097	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	2098
[1912]	2099	!
	2100	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	2101	!-- and rotor speed
	2102	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	2103
	2104	ENDIF
	2105
[1864]	2106	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	2107
[1912]	2108	!
	2109	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	2110	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	2111	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	2112	!-- gain
	2113	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	2114	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	2115	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	2116	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	2117	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	2118	!
	2119	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	2120	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	2121	ENDIF
[1912]	2122
	2123	!
	2124	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	2125	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	2126	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	2127	ENDIF
[1912]	2128	EXIT pit_loop
	2129	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	2130
[1864]	2131
[1819]	2132	!
[1864]	2133	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	2134
[1819]	2135	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2136	!
[1864]	2137	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2138	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2139	THEN
	2140	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2141	THEN
[1864]	2142	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2143	ENDIF
[1912]	2144	ENDIF
[1864]	2145
[1819]	2146	ENDIF
	2147
	2148
[1864]	2149	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	2150
[1864]	2151	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	2152
	2153
[1864]	2154	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	2155	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	2156	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	2157	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2158	!
[1864]	2159	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	2160	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	2161	!
	2162	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	2163	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	2164	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	2165	!-- consideration
[1819]	2166	!
[1864]	2167	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	2168	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	2169	!
	2170	!--
	2171	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	2172	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	2173	eps_min ) / dx )
	2174	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	2175	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	2176
[1864]	2177	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2178	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	2179	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2180	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	2181	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	2182	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	2183	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	2184	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2185	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2186	!
[2232]	2187	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	2188	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	2189
	2190	!
[1819]	2191	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	2192	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2193	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2194	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2195	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2196	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2197	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2198	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2199	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2200	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2201	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2202
	2203	!
	2204	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2205	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2206	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2207	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2208	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2209	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2210	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2211	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2212	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2213	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2214	flag
[1819]	2215	ENDIF
	2216	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2217	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2218	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2219	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2220	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2221	flag
[1819]	2222	ENDIF
	2223	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2224	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2225	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2226	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2227	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2228	flag
[1819]	2229	ENDIF
	2230
	2231	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2232	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2233
	2234	!
	2235	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2236	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2237	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2238	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2239	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2240	) * flag
[1819]	2241
[2232]	2242	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2243	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2244	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2245	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2246	) * flag
[1819]	2247
[2232]	2248	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2249	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2250	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2251	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2252	) * flag
[1819]	2253
	2254	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2255	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2256	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2257
[1864]	2258	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2259
[1912]	2260	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2261
	2262
	2263	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2264	!
	2265	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2266	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2267	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2268	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2269	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2270	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2271	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2272
[1864]	2273	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2274	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2275	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2276	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2277	start_up = .FALSE.
	2278	ENDIF
	2279
	2280	!
	2281	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2282	!--
	2283	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2284	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2285	!
	2286	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2287	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2288	THEN
	2289	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2290	THEN
[1864]	2291
[1819]	2292	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2293
[1912]	2294	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2295	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2296	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2297	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2298	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2299
	2300	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2301
[1819]	2302	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2303
[1819]	2304	ENDIF
	2305	ENDIF
	2306
[1864]	2307	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2308
	2309	!
[1929]	2310	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2311	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2312	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2313	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2314	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2315	comm2d, ierr )
	2316	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2317	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2318	#else
	2319	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2320	wdir = wdir_l
	2321	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2322
	2323
[1929]	2324	#endif
[1819]	2325	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2326	!
	2327	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2328	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2329
	2330	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2331
[2152]	2332	END IF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2333
	2334	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2335	!
	2336	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2337	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2338	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2339	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2340	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2341	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2342	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2343	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2344	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2345	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2346	#else
	2347	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2348	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2349	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2350	#endif
[1864]	2351
	2352	ENDIF
[1819]	2353
	2354	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2355
	2356	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2357	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2358	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2359	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2360	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2361	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2362	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2363	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2364	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2365	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2366
[1819]	2367	ELSE
	2368
	2369	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(I2.2)') inot
[1864]	2370	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'TURBINE_PARAMETERS'//turbine_id ), &
	2371	FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2372	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2373	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2374	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2375	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2376	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2377	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2378	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2379	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2380	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2381	ENDIF
	2382	ENDIF
	2383
[1912]	2384	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2385	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2386	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2387
	2388	ENDIF
	2389
[1864]	2390	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2391
[1912]	2392	!
	2393	!-- Formats
[1819]	2394	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2395	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2396	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2397	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2398	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2399
[1864]	2400	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2401	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2402
	2403
	2404	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2405
	2406
[1839]	2407	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2408	! Description:
	2409	! ------------
	2410	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2411	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2412	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2413
[1819]	2414	USE kinds
[1839]	2415
	2416	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2417
	2418	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2419	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2420	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2421
	2422	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2423
	2424	!
[1864]	2425	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2426	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2427	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2428	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2429	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2430	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2431	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2432	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2433	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2434	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2435	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2436	!
	2437	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2438	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2439	!
[1864]	2440	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2441	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2442	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2443	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2444	!
[1864]	2445	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2446	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2447
	2448	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2449	!
[1864]	2450	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2451	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2452	!
[1864]	2453	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2454	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2455	!
[1864]	2456	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2457	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2458	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2459	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2460	ENDIF
	2461	ENDIF
	2462
	2463	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2464
	2465	!
[1864]	2466	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2467	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2468	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2469
	2470	ELSE
	2471	!
	2472	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2473	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2474	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2475	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2476	!
[1864]	2477	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2478	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2479	!
	2480	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2481	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2482	!
	2483	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2484	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2485	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2486	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2487	!
	2488	!-- Continue yawing
	2489	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2490	ELSE
[1864]	2491	!
	2492	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2493	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2494	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2495	ENDIF
	2496	ELSE
[1864]	2497	!
	2498	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2499	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2500	ENDIF
	2501
	2502	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2503
	2504	ENDIF
	2505
[1839]	2506	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2507
[1864]	2508
[1819]	2509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2510	! Description:
	2511	! ------------
[1864]	2512	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2513	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2514	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2515
	2516
	2517	IMPLICIT NONE
	2518
	2519	!
	2520	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2521	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2522	!
	2523	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2524	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2525	!
	2526	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2527	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2528	!
	2529	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2530	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2531	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2532	!
	2533	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2534	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2535	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
[2410]	2536	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
[1864]	2537	!
	2538	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2539	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2540	!
	2541	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2542	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
[2563]	2543	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	2544	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2545	ENDIF
[1864]	2546
	2547	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2548
	2549
	2550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2551	! Description:
	2552	! ------------
	2553	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2555	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2556
	2557
	2558	IMPLICIT NONE
	2559
[1912]	2560	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2561
	2562
[1864]	2563
	2564	!
	2565	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2566	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2567	!-- offshore system developement"
	2568
	2569	!
	2570	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2571	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2572	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2573	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2574	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2575
	2576	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2577	!
	2578	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2579	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2580
	2581	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2582	!
	2583	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2584	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2585
	2586	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2587	!
	2588	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2589	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2590	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2591
	2592	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2593	!
	2594	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2595	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2596
	2597	ELSE
	2598	!
	2599	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2600	!-- keep the power constant:
	2601	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2602
	2603	ENDIF
	2604	!
	2605	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2606	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2607	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2608	!
	2609	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2610	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2611	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2612	!
	2613	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2614	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2615
	2616
	2617	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2618
	2619
	2620	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2621	! Description:
	2622	! ------------
[1839]	2623	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2624	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2625	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2626	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2627	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2628
[1839]	2629
[1819]	2630	IMPLICIT NONE
	2631
[1839]	2632	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2633	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2634	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2635	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2636
	2637
	2638	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2639
	2640	CASE ( 1 )
	2641	!
	2642	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2643	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2644	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2645	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2646	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2647	!
[1864]	2648	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2649	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[2553]	2650	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2651	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2652	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2553]	2653
[2232]	2654	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2655	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2656	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2657	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2658	ENDDO
	2659	ENDDO
	2660	ENDDO
	2661	ENDIF
	2662
	2663	CASE ( 2 )
	2664	!
	2665	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2666	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2667	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2668	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2669	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2670	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2671	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2672	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2673	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2674	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2675	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2676	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2677	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2678	ENDDO
	2679	ENDDO
	2680	ENDDO
	2681	ENDIF
	2682
	2683	CASE ( 3 )
	2684	!
	2685	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2686	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2687	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2688	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2689	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2690	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2691	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2692	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2693	ENDDO
	2694	ENDDO
	2695	ENDDO
	2696	ENDIF
	2697
	2698
	2699	CASE DEFAULT
	2700
	2701	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2702	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2703
	2704	END SELECT
	2705
	2706
	2707	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2708
	2709
	2710	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2711	! Description:
	2712	! ------------
[1839]	2713	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2714	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2715	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2716	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2717	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2718
	2719
	2720	IMPLICIT NONE
	2721
[1839]	2722	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2723	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2724	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2725	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2726
	2727	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2728
	2729	CASE ( 1 )
	2730	!
	2731	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2732	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2733	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2734	!
[1839]	2735	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2736	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2737	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2738	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2739	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2740	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2741	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2742	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2553]	2743	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2744	ENDDO
	2745	ENDIF
	2746
	2747	CASE ( 2 )
	2748	!
	2749	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2750	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2751	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2752	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2753	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2754	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2755	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2756	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2757	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2758	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2759	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[2553]	2760	ENDDO
[1819]	2761	ENDIF
	2762
	2763	CASE ( 3 )
	2764	!
	2765	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2766	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2767	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2768	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2769	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2770	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2771	ENDDO
	2772	ENDIF
	2773
	2774
	2775	CASE DEFAULT
	2776
	2777	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2778	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2779
	2780	END SELECT
	2781
	2782
	2783	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2784
	2785	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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