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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2497

Last change on this file since 2497 was 2410, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Revise error message PA0462 and change lclocal to lcmuk in testsuite
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 109.8 KB

Rev	Line
[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2257]	17	! Copyright 2009-2017 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
[2101]	18	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z knoop $
[2410]	28	! Revise error message PA0462
	29	!
	30	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
[2349]	31	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
	32	!
	33	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
[2341]	34	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
[2323]	35	!
[2343]	36	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
	37	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
	38	!
[2323]	39	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
[2322]	40	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
	41	!
	42	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
[2257]	43	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
[1844]	44	!
[2257]	45	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
	46	!
[2233]	47	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	48	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	49	!
[2153]	50	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	51	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	52	! Addition of a tip loss model
	53	!
[2016]	54	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	55	! Bugfix of pitch control
	56	!
[2001]	57	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	58	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	59	!
[1930]	60	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	61	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	62	!
[1917]	63	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	64	! Initial revision
	65	!
[1819]	66	!
	67	! Description:
	68	! ------------
	69	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	70	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	71	!> (ADM-R).
	72	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	73	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	74	!> yaw.
	75	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	76	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	77	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	78	!> automatically).
	79	!>
	80	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	81	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	82	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	83	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	84	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	85	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	86	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	87	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	88	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	89	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	90	!
	91	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	92	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	93
	94	USE arrays_3d, &
	95	ONLY: dd2zu, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
	96
	97	USE constants
	98
	99	USE control_parameters, &
	100	ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time
	101
	102	USE cpulog, &
	103	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	104
	105	USE grid_variables, &
	106	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	107
	108	USE indices, &
	109	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	110	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	111
	112	USE kinds
	113
	114	USE pegrid
	115
	116
	117	IMPLICIT NONE
	118
[1864]	119	PRIVATE
[1819]	120
[1839]	121	LOGICAL :: wind_turbine=.FALSE. !< switch for use of wind turbine model
[1819]	122
	123	!
	124	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	125
[1864]	126	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	127	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	128
[1839]	129	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	130	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	131	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	132	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	133
[1839]	134	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	135	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	136	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	137	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	138	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	139	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	140
[1912]	141	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
	142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.0_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
	143	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	144	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	145	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	146	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	147	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	148	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	149	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	150	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	151	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	152
[1819]	153	!
	154	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	155	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	156
[1912]	157	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	158	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	159	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	160	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	161	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	162	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	163	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	164	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	165	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	166	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	167	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	168	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	169	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	170	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	171
[1912]	172
[1819]	173	!
	174	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	175
[1839]	176	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	177	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	178	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	179
[1819]	180	!
	181	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	182	TYPE file_status
	183	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	184	END TYPE file_status
	185
[1912]	186	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	187	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	188
	189	!
	190	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	191
[1839]	192	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	193	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	194	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	195	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	196	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	197	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	198
[1839]	199	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	200
[1912]	201	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	202	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	203	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	204	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	205	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	206	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	207	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	208	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	209
[1912]	210	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	211
[1912]	212	!
	213	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	214	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	215	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	216	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	217	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	218	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	219	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	220	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	221
[1839]	222	!
	223	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	225	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	226	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	228
[1912]	229	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	230	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	231
[1912]	232	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	234
[1912]	235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	237
	238	!
	239	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	240
[1839]	241	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
[1912]	242	REAL(wp) :: delta_t !< tangential segment length
[1839]	243	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	244	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	245	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	246	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	247	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	248	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	249	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	250	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	251	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	252	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	253	!
	254	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	255	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	256	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	257	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	258	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	259
[1912]	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen !< curr. generator speed
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pitch_add_old!<
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	271
	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	274
	275	!
	276	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	283
	284	!
	285	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	289
	290	!
	291	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	295
	296	!
	297	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	301
	302	!
	303	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	307	!
	308	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	310
[1839]	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	320
[1839]	321	!
	322	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	323
[1912]	324	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	325
[1912]	326	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	327	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	328	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	329	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	330	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	331	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	332	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	333	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1864]	334
	335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_old !< last gen. speed
	336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f !< filtered gen. sp
	337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f_old !< last filt. gen. sp
	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen !< generator torque
	339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen_old !< last gen. torque
[1819]	340
[1864]	341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[1839]	342	!
	343	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	344
[1912]	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	355	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	356	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	357	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	358
	359
[1839]	360	SAVE
[1819]	361
[1839]	362
	363	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	364	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	365	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[1912]	366
	367	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	368	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	369	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	370
	371	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	372	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	373	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	374
	375	INTERFACE wtm_init
	376	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	377	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	378
[1912]	379	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	380	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	381	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	382
[1819]	383	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	384	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[1839]	385	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	386	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
[1864]	387
	388	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	389	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	390	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	391
	392	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	393	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	394	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	395	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	396
	397	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	398	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	399	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	400	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	401
	402
[1912]	403	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
	404	wtm_parin, wtm_tendencies, wtm_tendencies_ij, wind_turbine
[1819]	405
	406	CONTAINS
	407
	408
	409	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	410	! Description:
	411	! ------------
[1839]	412	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	413	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	414	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	415
	416
	417	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	418
	419	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	420
[1839]	421	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	422
	423	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	424	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	425	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	426	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	427	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	428	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	429	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	430	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[2349]	431	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2152]	432	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	433
[1819]	434	!
[1839]	435	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	436	REWIND ( 11 )
	437	line = ' '
	438	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	439	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	440	ENDDO
	441	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	442
	443	!
	444	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	445	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[2349]	446
[1912]	447	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
[2349]	448	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
	449	'End of file has reached'
[2322]	450	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2349]	451	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
	452	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
	453	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
	454	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	455	ENDIF
	456
[1839]	457	!
	458	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	459	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	460
[1912]	461	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	462
	463
	464	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	465
[1912]	466	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	467
	468
	469	IMPLICIT NONE
	470
	471	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	472	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	473	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	474	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	475	ENDIF
	476
[2322]	477	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	478	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[2410]	479	'a value larger than or equal to zero'
[2322]	480	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	481	ENDIF
	482
	483
	484	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	485	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	486	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	487
	488	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	489	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	490	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	491
	492	ENDIF
	493
	494
	495	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	496
	497
[1839]	498	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	499	! Description:
	500	! ------------
	501	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	502	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	503	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	504
	505
	506	IMPLICIT NONE
	507
[1864]	508	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	509	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	510
[1839]	511	!
	512	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	513	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	514
	515	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	516	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	517
	518	nrings(:) = 0
	519	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	520
	521	!
	522	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	523	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	524	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	525	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	526	delta_t = delta_t_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	527
	528	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	529	!
	530	!-- Determine number of rings:
	531	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	532
	533	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	534
	535	ENDDO
	536
	537	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	538
	539	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	540	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	541
	542	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	543	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	544
	545
	546	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	547	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	548	!
	549	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	550	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	551	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	552	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	553	ENDDO
	554	!
	555	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	556	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	557
	558	ENDDO
	559
	560	!
	561	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	562	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	563
[1864]	564	!!
	565	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	566	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	567	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	568	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	569	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	570	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	571	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	572	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	573	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	574	! ENDIF
[1819]	575
	576
	577	!
	578	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	579	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	580	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	581	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	582	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	583	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	584	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	585	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	586	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	587
	588	!
	589	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for speed pitch_control
	590	ALLOCATE( omega_gen(1:nturbines) )
[1864]	591	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	592	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f(1:nturbines) )
	593	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f_old(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	594	ALLOCATE( pitch_add_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	595	ALLOCATE( torque_gen(1:nturbines) )
	596	ALLOCATE( torque_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
	597
	598	!
	599	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	600	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	601	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	602	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	603	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	604	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	605	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	606
	607	!
	608	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	609	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	610	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	611	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	612	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	613	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	614	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	615	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	616	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	617	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	618	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	619
	620	!
	621	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	622	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	623	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	624	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	625	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	626	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	627	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	628
	629	!
	630	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	631	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	632	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	633	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	634
	635	!
	636	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	637	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	638	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	639	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	640	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	641	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	642	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	643	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	644	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	645
	646	!
	647	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	648	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	649	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	650	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	651	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	652	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	653	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	654
	655	!
	656	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	657	i_hub(:) = 0
	658	i_smear(:) = 0
	659	j_hub(:) = 0
	660	j_smear(:) = 0
	661	k_hub(:) = 0
	662	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	663
[1819]	664	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	665	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	666
	667	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	668	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	669	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	670	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	671	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	672	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	673	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	674
	675	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	676	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	677	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	678
	679	!
	680	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	681	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	682	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	683	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	684	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	685	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	686	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	687	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	688	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	689	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	690	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	691
	692	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	693	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	694	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	695	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	696	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	697	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	698
	699	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	700	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	701	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	702
[1912]	703	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	704	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	705	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	706	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	707	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	708	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	709	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	710	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	711
	712	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	713	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	714	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	715	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	716	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	717	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	718
	719
[1839]	720	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	721
	722
	723	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	724	! Description:
	725	! ------------
[1839]	726	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	727	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	728	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	729
[1839]	730
[1819]	731	IMPLICIT NONE
	732
	733	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	734	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	735	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	736
[1819]	737	!
[1864]	738	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	739	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	740
[1839]	741	!
[1864]	742	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	743	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	744	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	745	!
[1864]	746	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	747	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	748	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	749
	750	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	751	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	752	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	753
	754	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	755
	756	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	757	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	758	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	759	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	760
	761	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	762	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	763	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	764	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	765
	766
[1864]	767	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	768
	769	CALL wtm_speed_control
	770
	771	ENDIF
	772
[1839]	773	!
[1819]	774	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	775	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	776	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	777	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	778	!
[1839]	779	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	780	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	781
[1839]	782	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	783	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	784	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	785	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	786	!
[1839]	787	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	788	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	789	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	790	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	791	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	792	!
	793	!-- Square of eps_min:
	794	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	795	!
	796	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	797	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	798	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	799	!
[1839]	800	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	801	!-- function:
	802	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	803
[1864]	804	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	805	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	806
[1819]	807	!
[1864]	808	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
	809	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
[1819]	810
[1864]	811
[1819]	812	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	813	!
[1864]	814	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	815	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	816
	817	!
	818	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	819	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	820	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	821	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	822
	823	!
	824	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	825	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	826	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	827	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	828	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	829	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	830	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	831
[1819]	832	ENDDO
	833
	834	!
	835	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	836	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	837	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	838	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	839	!
	840	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	841	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	842
	843	!
	844	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	845	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	846	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	847
	848	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	849
	850	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	851
[1839]	852
	853	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	854	!
[1839]	855	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	856	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	857	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	858	i = i_hub(inot)
	859
	860	!
[1839]	861	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	862	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	863	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	864	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	865	!
[1839]	866	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	867	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	868	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	869	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	870	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	871	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	872	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	873
	874	!
	875	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	876	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	877	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	878	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	879
	880	!
	881	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	882	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	883	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	884
	885	DO j = nys, nyn
	886	!
[1839]	887	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	888	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	889
[1819]	890	DO k = nzb, nzt
	891
	892	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	893	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	894	!
[1819]	895	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	896	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	897	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	898	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	899	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	900	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	901	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	902	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	903	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	904	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	905	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	906	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	907	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	908	!
	909	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	910	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	911	ELSE
[1912]	912	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	913	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	914	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	915	ENDIF
	916	!
	917	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	918	ELSE
[1912]	919	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	920	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	921	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	922	ENDIF
[1839]	923	!
	924	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	925	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	926	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	927
[1839]	928	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	929	!
[1819]	930	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	931	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	932	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	933	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	934	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	935	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	936	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	937	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	938	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	939	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	940	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	941	!
	942	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	943	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	944	ELSE
[1912]	945	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	946	ENDIF
[1839]	947	!
[1819]	948	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	949	ELSE
[1912]	950	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	951	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	952	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	953
	954	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	955
	956	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	957
	958	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	959
	960	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	961
	962	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	963
[1839]	964
[1912]	965	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	966
[1839]	967	!
[1864]	968	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	969	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	970	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	971	!!
	972	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	973	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	974	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	975	!
	976	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	977	!
	978	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	979	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	980	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	981	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	982	!!
	983	!!-- bottom intersection point
	984	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	985	!!
	986	!!-- top intersection point
	987	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	988	! ELSE
	989	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	990	! ENDIF
	991	! ENDDO
	992	!
	993	!
	994	! DO j = nys, nyn
	995	!!
	996	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	997	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	998	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	999	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1000	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	1001	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1002	!!
	1003	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	1004	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	1005	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	1006	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1007	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	1008	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	1009	!!
	1010	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1011	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1012	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1013	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1014	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1015	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1016	! dz_int = dz
	1017	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1018	!!
	1019	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1020	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1021	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1022	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1023	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1024	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1025	! ENDIF
	1026	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1027	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1028	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1029	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1030	! ENDIF
	1031	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1032	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1033	! ENDIF
	1034	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1035	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1036	! ENDIF
	1037	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1038	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1039	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1040	! ENDIF
	1041	! ENDDO
	1042	! ENDIF
	1043	! ENDDO
	1044	! ENDIF
[1819]	1045	!
[1864]	1046	! ENDDO
[1819]	1047	!
[1912]	1048	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1049
[1864]	1050	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1051
[1912]	1052	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1053	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1054
[1912]	1055	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1056
[1864]	1057	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1058
	1059
[1819]	1060	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1061	! Description:
	1062	! ------------
	1063	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1064	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1065	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1066	!
	1067	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1068
[1839]	1069
[1864]	1070	IMPLICIT NONE
	1071
	1072	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1073	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1074
[1864]	1075	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1076
	1077	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1078
[1864]	1079	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1080	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1081	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1082	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1083	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1084	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1085	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1086	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1087	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1088	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1089
[1864]	1090	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1091	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1092	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1093
[1864]	1094	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1095	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1096
[1864]	1097	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1098	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1099	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1100	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1101	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1102
[1864]	1103	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1104	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1105	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1106	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1107	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1108
[1864]	1109	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1110
[1864]	1111	!
	1112	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1113	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1114
[2323]	1115	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1116
	1117	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1118	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1119	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1120	ENDIF
	1121	!
	1122	!-- Read distribution table:
	1123
	1124	dlen = 0
	1125
[2323]	1126	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1127
	1128	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1129	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1130	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1131	dlen = dlen + 1
	1132	ENDDO rloop3
	1133
	1134	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1135
	1136	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1137	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1138	ENDDO
	1139
	1140	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1141	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1142	ENDDO
	1143
	1144	!
	1145	!-- Read layout table:
	1146
[1839]	1147	dlen = 0
[1864]	1148
[2323]	1149	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1150
[1843]	1151	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1152	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1153	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1154	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1155	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1156
[1839]	1157	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1158	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1159	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1160	ENDDO
	1161	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1162	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1163	ENDDO
[1819]	1164
[1864]	1165	!
	1166	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1167
[1864]	1168	dlen = 0
	1169
[2323]	1170	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1171
[1843]	1172	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1173	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1174	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1175	dlen = dlen + 1
	1176	ENDDO rloop2
	1177
[1912]	1178	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1179	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1180
	1181	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1182	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1183	ENDDO
	1184
[1839]	1185	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1186	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1187	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1188	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1189	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1190	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1191	ENDDO
[1864]	1192
[1839]	1193	ENDDO
[1864]	1194
	1195	dlenbl = dlen
	1196
[2323]	1197	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1198
[1864]	1199	!
	1200	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
	1201	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
	1202	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1203	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1204	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1205
[1864]	1206	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1207	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
	1208	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1209	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1210
[1864]	1211	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1212	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1213
[1864]	1214
	1215	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1216	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1217
	1218
	1219	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
	1220
	1221	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1222
	1223	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1224	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1225	ialpha = 1
	1226
[2152]	1227	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1228	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1229	ENDDO
[1819]	1230	!
[1864]	1231	!-- Find position in table
	1232	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1233	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1819]	1234
[1864]	1235	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1236	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1237	ENDIF
[1819]	1238
[1864]	1239	trow = lct(1)
	1240	!
	1241	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
	1242	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1243	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1244	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1245	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1819]	1246
[1912]	1247	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1248	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1249	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[1864]	1250	ENDIF
[1819]	1251
[1864]	1252	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1253	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1254	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1255	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1256	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1257	ELSE
	1258	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1259	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1260	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1261	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1262	ENDIF
	1263
[1912]	1264	!
	1265	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1266	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1267
	1268	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1269	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1270	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1271	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1272	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1273	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1274	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1275	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1276	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1277	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1278	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1279	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1280	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1281	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1282	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1283	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1284	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1285	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1286	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1287	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1288	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1289	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1290	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1291	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[1819]	1292
[1912]	1293	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[1819]	1294
[1864]	1295	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
	1296
[1912]	1297	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1298
	1299
[1864]	1300	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1301	! Description:
	1302	! ------------
	1303	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1304	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1305	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1306	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1307
[1864]	1308
	1309	IMPLICIT NONE
	1310
	1311	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1312	!
	1313	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1314	!-- the rotors
	1315	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1316	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1317	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1318
	1319	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1320	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1321	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1322
	1323	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1324	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1325	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1326
[1864]	1327	!
	1328	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1329	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1330
[1912]	1331	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1332	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1333	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1334	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1335	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1336	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1337	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1338	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1339	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1340	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1341	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1342	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1343	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1344	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1345	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1346	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1347	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1348	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1349	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1350	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1351	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1352	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1353	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1354	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1355
[1864]	1356	!
	1357	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1358	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1359	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1360	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1361	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1362
	1363	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1364
	1365
[1819]	1366	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1367	! Description:
	1368	! ------------
[1839]	1369	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1370	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1371	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1372
[1864]	1373
[1819]	1374	IMPLICIT NONE
	1375
	1376	CHARACTER (LEN=2) :: turbine_id
	1377
[1839]	1378	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1379	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1380	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1381	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1382	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1383	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1384
[2232]	1385	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1386	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1387	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1388
	1389	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1390	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1391
	1392	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1393
	1394
[1839]	1395	!
[1819]	1396	! Variables for pitch control
	1397	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1398	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1399
[1819]	1400	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1402
	1403	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1404
	1405
[1864]	1406	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1407
	1408
	1409	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1410
[1864]	1411	!
[1819]	1412	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1413	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1414	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1415	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1416	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1417	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1418	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1419	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1420	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1421	!
	1422	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1423	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1424
	1425	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1426	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1427	!
[1839]	1428	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1429	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1430
	1431	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1432	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1433	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1434	!
	1435	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1436	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1437
	1438	!
[1839]	1439	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1440	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1441	!
[1864]	1442	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1443	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1444	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1445	!
[1864]	1446	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1447	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1448	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1449	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1450	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1451	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1452
[1864]	1453	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1454	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1455	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1456	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1457	re(3) = sin_rot
	1458
	1459	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1460	!
	1461	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1462	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1463	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1464	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1465
[1864]	1466	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1467	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1468	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1469	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1470	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1471
	1472	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1473	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1474
	1475	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1476	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1477
	1478	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1479	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1480
	1481	!
	1482	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1483
	1484	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1485	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	1486	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1487	!
[1864]	1488	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1489	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1490	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1491	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1492
[1839]	1493	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1494	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1495	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1496	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1497	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1498	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1499	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1500	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1501	gg = dx * dy
	1502
[1864]	1503	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1504	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1505	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1506	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1507	) / gg
	1508
[1864]	1509	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1510	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1511	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1512	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1513	) / gg
	1514
[1864]	1515	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1516	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1517	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1518
	1519	ELSE
	1520	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1521	ENDIF
	1522	ELSE
	1523	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1524	ENDIF
	1525
	1526
	1527	!
	1528	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1529	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1530	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1531	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1532	!
[1864]	1533	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1534	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1535	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1536	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1537
[1839]	1538	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1539	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1540	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1541	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1542	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1543	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1544	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1545	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1546	gg = dx * dy
	1547
[1864]	1548	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1549	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1550	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1551	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1552	) / gg
	1553
[1864]	1554	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1555	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1556	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1557	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1558	) / gg
	1559
[1864]	1560	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1561	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1562	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1563
	1564	ELSE
	1565	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1566	ENDIF
	1567	ELSE
	1568	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1569	ENDIF
	1570
	1571
	1572	!
	1573	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1574	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1575	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1576	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1577	!
[1864]	1578	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1579	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1580	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1581	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1582
[1839]	1583	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1584	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1585	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1586	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1587	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1588	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1589	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1590	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1591	gg = dx * dy
	1592
[1864]	1593	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1594	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1595	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1596	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1597	) / gg
	1598
[1864]	1599	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1600	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1601	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1602	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1603	) / gg
	1604
[1864]	1605	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1606	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1607	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1608	ELSE
	1609	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1610	ENDIF
	1611	ELSE
	1612	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1613	ENDIF
	1614
	1615	ENDDO
	1616	ENDDO
	1617
	1618	ENDDO
	1619
	1620	!
	1621	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1622	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1623	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1624	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1625	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1626	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1627	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1628	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1629	#else
	1630	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1631	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1632	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1633	#endif
	1634
	1635
	1636	!
	1637	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1638
[1819]	1639	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1640	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1641
[1912]	1642	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1643	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1644	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1645	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1646	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1647	ELSE
	1648	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1649	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1650	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1651	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1652	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1653	ENDIF
[1819]	1654	ENDIF
	1655
[1839]	1656	!
	1657	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1658	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1659	!
	1660	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1661	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1662	!
	1663	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1664	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1665	!
[1839]	1666	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1667	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1668	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1669	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1670	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1671	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1672	!
[1839]	1673	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1674	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1675	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1676	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1677	re(3) = sin_rot
	1678
[1864]	1679	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1680	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1681	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1682	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1683
	1684	!
[1864]	1685	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1686	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1687	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1688	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1689	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1690	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1691	!
	1692	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1693	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1694	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1695	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1696	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1697	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1698	!
	1699	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1700	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1701
	1702	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1703
	1704	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1705
	1706	!
[1864]	1707	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1708	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1709	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1710	!
[1864]	1711	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[1819]	1712	!-- components perpedicular and parallel to the rotor area
	1713	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1714	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1715	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1716	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1717	!
	1718	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1719	!
[1819]	1720	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1721	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1722	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1723	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1724	!
[1864]	1725	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1726	!-- direction:
	1727	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1728	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1729	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1730	!
[1864]	1731	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1732	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1733
[1864]	1734	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1735	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1736	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1737
	1738	!
[1864]	1739	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1740	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1741
	1742	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1743	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1744
	1745	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1746	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1747	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1748	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1749	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1750	ELSE
[1864]	1751	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1752	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1753	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1754	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1755	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1756	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1757	ENDIF
	1758
	1759	!
[1864]	1760	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1761	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1762	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1763	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1764	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1765	!
[1864]	1766	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1767	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1768	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1769	!
[1864]	1770	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1771	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1772	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1773	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1774	!
[1864]	1775	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1776	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1777
	1778	!
[1864]	1779	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1780	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1781	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1782	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1783	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1784
	1785	!
[1864]	1786	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1787	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	1788	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	1789	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1790
	1791	!
[1864]	1792	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	1793	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	1794
	1795	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1796	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1797	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	1798	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1799	ELSE
[1864]	1800	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	1801	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1802	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	1803	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	1804	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1805	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1806	ENDIF
	1807
	1808	!
	1809	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	1810	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1811	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
	1812	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
	1813	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[1839]	1814	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
[1819]	1815	!
	1816	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	1817	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1818	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	1819	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	1820	!
[1864]	1821	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	1822	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	1823	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	1824	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	1825
	1826	!
[1864]	1827	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	1828	!-- angles given in radian:
	1829	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1830	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1831
[2152]	1832	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	1833
	1834	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	1835	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	1836	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	1837	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	1838	!--
	1839	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	1840	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	1841	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	1842
	1843	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	1844
	1845	END IF
[1819]	1846	!
	1847	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1848	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	1849	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1850
	1851	!
[1864]	1852	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	1853
	1854	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	1855	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1856
	1857	!
[1864]	1858	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	1859	!-- for each ring segment:
	1860	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	1861	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	1862	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1863
	1864	!
[1864]	1865	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	1866	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	1867	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	1868	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	1869	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	1870	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	1871	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1872	!
	1873	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	1874	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	1875	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	1876
	1877	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	1878	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	1879
[1912]	1880	!
	1881	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	1882	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	1883	thrust_seg(rseg)
	1884
	1885
[1819]	1886	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	1887
[1864]	1888	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	1889
	1890	!
[1864]	1891	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	1892	!-- each ring:
[1819]	1893	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	1894	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	1895	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	1896
	1897
[1864]	1898	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	1899
	1900
[1864]	1901	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	1902
[1912]	1903
	1904	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1905	!
	1906	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	1907
	1908	!
	1909	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	1910	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	1911	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	1912	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	1913	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	1914	( inertia_rot + &
	1915	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	1916
[1912]	1917	!
	1918	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	1919	!-- and rotor speed
	1920	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	1921
	1922	ENDIF
	1923
[1864]	1924	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	1925
[1912]	1926	!
	1927	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	1928	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	1929	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	1930	!-- gain
	1931	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	1932	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	1933	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	1934	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	1935	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	1936	!
	1937	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	1938	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	1939	ENDIF
[1912]	1940
	1941	!
	1942	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	1943	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	1944	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	1945	ENDIF
[1912]	1946	EXIT pit_loop
	1947	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	1948
[1864]	1949
[1819]	1950	!
[1864]	1951	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	1952
[1819]	1953	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1954	!
[1864]	1955	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	1956	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	1957	THEN
	1958	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	1959	THEN
[1864]	1960	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	1961	ENDIF
[1912]	1962	ENDIF
[1864]	1963
[1819]	1964	ENDIF
	1965
	1966
[1864]	1967	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	1968
[1864]	1969	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	1970
	1971
[1864]	1972	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	1973	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	1974	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	1975	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1976	!
[1864]	1977	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	1978	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	1979	!
	1980	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	1981	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	1982	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	1983	!-- consideration
[1819]	1984	!
[1864]	1985	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	1986	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	1987	!
	1988	!--
	1989	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	1990	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	1991	eps_min ) / dx )
	1992	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	1993	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	1994
[1864]	1995	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1996	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	1997	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1998	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	1999	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	2000	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	2001	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	2002	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2003	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2004	!
[2232]	2005	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	2006	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	2007
	2008	!
[1819]	2009	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	2010	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2011	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2012	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2013	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2014	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2015	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2016	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2017	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2018	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2019	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2020
	2021	!
	2022	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2023	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2024	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2025	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2026	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2027	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2028	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2029	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2030	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2031	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2032	flag
[1819]	2033	ENDIF
	2034	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2035	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2036	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2037	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2038	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2039	flag
[1819]	2040	ENDIF
	2041	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2042	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2043	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2044	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2045	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2046	flag
[1819]	2047	ENDIF
	2048
	2049	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2050	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2051
	2052	!
	2053	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2054	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2055	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2056	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2057	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2058	) * flag
[1819]	2059
[2232]	2060	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2061	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2062	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2063	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2064	) * flag
[1819]	2065
[2232]	2066	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2067	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2068	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2069	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2070	) * flag
[1819]	2071
	2072	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2073	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2074	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2075
[1864]	2076	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2077
[1912]	2078	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2079
	2080
	2081	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2082	!
	2083	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2084	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2085	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2086	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2087	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2088	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2089	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2090
[1864]	2091	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2092	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2093	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2094	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2095	start_up = .FALSE.
	2096	ENDIF
	2097
	2098	!
	2099	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2100	!--
	2101	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2102	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2103	!
	2104	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2105	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2106	THEN
	2107	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2108	THEN
[1864]	2109
[1819]	2110	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2111
[1912]	2112	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2113	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2114	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2115	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2116	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2117
	2118	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2119
[1819]	2120	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2121
[1819]	2122	ENDIF
	2123	ENDIF
	2124
[1864]	2125	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2126
	2127	!
[1929]	2128	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2129	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2130	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2131	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2132	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2133	comm2d, ierr )
	2134	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2135	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2136	#else
	2137	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2138	wdir = wdir_l
	2139	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2140
	2141
[1929]	2142	#endif
[1819]	2143	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2144	!
	2145	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2146	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2147
	2148	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2149
[2152]	2150	END IF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2151
	2152	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2153	!
	2154	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2155	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2156	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2157	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2158	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2159	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2160	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2161	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2162	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2163	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2164	#else
	2165	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2166	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2167	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2168	#endif
[1864]	2169
	2170	ENDIF
[1819]	2171
	2172	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2173
	2174	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2175	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2176	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2177	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2178	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2179	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2180	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2181	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2182	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2183	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2184
[1819]	2185	ELSE
	2186
	2187	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(I2.2)') inot
[1864]	2188	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'TURBINE_PARAMETERS'//turbine_id ), &
	2189	FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2190	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2191	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2192	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2193	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2194	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2195	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2196	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2197	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2198	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2199	ENDIF
	2200	ENDIF
	2201
[1912]	2202	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2203	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2204	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2205
	2206	ENDIF
	2207
[1864]	2208	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2209
[1912]	2210	!
	2211	!-- Formats
[1819]	2212	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2213	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2214	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2215	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2216	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2217
[1864]	2218	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2219	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2220
	2221
	2222	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2223
	2224
[1839]	2225	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2226	! Description:
	2227	! ------------
	2228	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2229	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2230	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2231
[1819]	2232	USE constants
	2233	USE kinds
[1839]	2234
	2235	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2236
	2237	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2238	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2239	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2240
	2241	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2242
	2243	!
[1864]	2244	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2245	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2246	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2247	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2248	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2249	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2250	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2251	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2252	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2253	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2254	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2255	!
	2256	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2257	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2258	!
[1864]	2259	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2260	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2261	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2262	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2263	!
[1864]	2264	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2265	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2266
	2267	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2268	!
[1864]	2269	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2270	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2271	!
[1864]	2272	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2273	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2274	!
[1864]	2275	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2276	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2277	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2278	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2279	ENDIF
	2280	ENDIF
	2281
	2282	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2283
	2284	!
[1864]	2285	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2286	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2287	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2288
	2289	ELSE
	2290	!
	2291	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2292	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2293	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2294	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2295	!
[1864]	2296	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2297	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2298	!
	2299	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2300	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2301	!
	2302	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2303	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2304	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2305	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2306	!
	2307	!-- Continue yawing
	2308	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2309	ELSE
[1864]	2310	!
	2311	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2312	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2313	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2314	ENDIF
	2315	ELSE
[1864]	2316	!
	2317	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2318	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2319	ENDIF
	2320
	2321	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2322
	2323	ENDIF
	2324
[1839]	2325	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2326
[1864]	2327
[1819]	2328	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2329	! Description:
	2330	! ------------
[1864]	2331	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2332	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2333	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2334
	2335
	2336	IMPLICIT NONE
	2337
	2338	!
	2339	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2340	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2341	!
	2342	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2343	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2344	!
	2345	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2346	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2347	!
	2348	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2349	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2350	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2351	!
	2352	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2353	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2354	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
[2410]	2355	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
[1864]	2356	!
	2357	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2358	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2359	!
	2360	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2361	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
	2362	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2363
	2364	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2365
	2366
	2367	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2368	! Description:
	2369	! ------------
	2370	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2371	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2372	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2373
	2374
	2375	IMPLICIT NONE
	2376
[1912]	2377	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2378
	2379
[1864]	2380
	2381	!
	2382	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2383	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2384	!-- offshore system developement"
	2385
	2386	!
	2387	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2388	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2389	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2390	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2391	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2392
	2393	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2394	!
	2395	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2396	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2397
	2398	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2399	!
	2400	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2401	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2402
	2403	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2404	!
	2405	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2406	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2407	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2408
	2409	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2410	!
	2411	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2412	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2413
	2414	ELSE
	2415	!
	2416	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2417	!-- keep the power constant:
	2418	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2419
	2420	ENDIF
	2421	!
	2422	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2423	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2424	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2425	!
	2426	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2427	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2428	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2429	!
	2430	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2431	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2432
	2433
	2434	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2435
	2436
	2437	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2438	! Description:
	2439	! ------------
[1839]	2440	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2441	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2442	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2443	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2444	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2445
[1839]	2446
[1819]	2447	IMPLICIT NONE
	2448
[1839]	2449	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2450	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2451	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2452	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2453
	2454
	2455	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2456
	2457	CASE ( 1 )
	2458	!
	2459	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2460	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2461	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2462	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2463	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2464	!
[1864]	2465	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2466	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2467	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2468	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2469	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
	2470
[2232]	2471	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2472	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2473	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2474	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2475	ENDDO
	2476	ENDDO
	2477	ENDDO
	2478	ENDIF
	2479
	2480	CASE ( 2 )
	2481	!
	2482	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2483	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2484	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2485	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2486	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2487	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2488	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2489	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2490	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2491	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2492	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2493	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2494	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2495	ENDDO
	2496	ENDDO
	2497	ENDDO
	2498	ENDIF
	2499
	2500	CASE ( 3 )
	2501	!
	2502	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2503	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2504	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2505	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2506	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2507	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2508	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2509	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2510	ENDDO
	2511	ENDDO
	2512	ENDDO
	2513	ENDIF
	2514
	2515
	2516	CASE DEFAULT
	2517
	2518	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2519	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2520
	2521	END SELECT
	2522
	2523
	2524	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2525
	2526
	2527	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2528	! Description:
	2529	! ------------
[1839]	2530	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2531	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2532	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2533	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2534	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2535
	2536
	2537	IMPLICIT NONE
	2538
[1839]	2539	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2540	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2541	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2542	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2543
	2544	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2545
	2546	CASE ( 1 )
	2547	!
	2548	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2549	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2550
[2232]	2551	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2552	!
[1839]	2553	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2554	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2555	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2556	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2557	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2558	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2559	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2560	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2561	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2562	ENDDO
	2563	ENDIF
	2564
	2565	CASE ( 2 )
	2566	!
	2567	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2568	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2569	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2570	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2571	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2572	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2573	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2574	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2575	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2576	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2577	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2578	ENDDO
	2579	ENDIF
	2580
	2581	CASE ( 3 )
	2582	!
	2583	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2584	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2585	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2586	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2587	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2588	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2589	ENDDO
	2590	ENDIF
	2591
	2592
	2593	CASE DEFAULT
	2594
	2595	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2596	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2597
	2598	END SELECT
	2599
	2600
	2601	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2602
	2603	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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