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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2396

Last change on this file since 2396 was 2349, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Add parameter ptich_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 109.7 KB

Rev	Line
[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2257]	17	! Copyright 2009-2017 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
[2101]	18	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z knoop $
[2349]	28	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
	29	!
	30	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
[2341]	31	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
[2323]	32	!
[2343]	33	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
	34	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
	35	!
[2323]	36	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
[2322]	37	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
	38	!
	39	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
[2257]	40	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
[1844]	41	!
[2257]	42	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
	43	!
[2233]	44	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	45	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	46	!
[2153]	47	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	48	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	49	! Addition of a tip loss model
	50	!
[2016]	51	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	52	! Bugfix of pitch control
	53	!
[2001]	54	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	55	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	56	!
[1930]	57	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	58	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	59	!
[1917]	60	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	61	! Initial revision
	62	!
[1819]	63	!
	64	! Description:
	65	! ------------
	66	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	67	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	68	!> (ADM-R).
	69	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	70	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	71	!> yaw.
	72	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	73	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	74	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	75	!> automatically).
	76	!>
	77	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	78	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	79	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	80	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	81	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	82	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	83	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	84	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	85	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	86	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	87	!
	88	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	89	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	90
	91	USE arrays_3d, &
	92	ONLY: dd2zu, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
	93
	94	USE constants
	95
	96	USE control_parameters, &
	97	ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time
	98
	99	USE cpulog, &
	100	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	101
	102	USE grid_variables, &
	103	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	104
	105	USE indices, &
	106	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	107	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	108
	109	USE kinds
	110
	111	USE pegrid
	112
	113
	114	IMPLICIT NONE
	115
[1864]	116	PRIVATE
[1819]	117
[1839]	118	LOGICAL :: wind_turbine=.FALSE. !< switch for use of wind turbine model
[1819]	119
	120	!
	121	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	122
[1864]	123	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	124	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	125
[1839]	126	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	127	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	128	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	129	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	130
[1839]	131	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	132	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	133	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	134	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	135	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	136	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	137
[1912]	138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
	139	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.0_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
	140	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	141	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	143	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	144	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	145	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	146	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	147	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	148	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	149
[1819]	150	!
	151	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	152	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	153
[1912]	154	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	155	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	156	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	157	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	158	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	159	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	160	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	161	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	162	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	163	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	164	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	165	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	166	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	167	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	168
[1912]	169
[1819]	170	!
	171	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	172
[1839]	173	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	174	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	175	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	176
[1819]	177	!
	178	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	179	TYPE file_status
	180	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	181	END TYPE file_status
	182
[1912]	183	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	184	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	185
	186	!
	187	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	188
[1839]	189	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	190	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	191	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	192	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	193	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	194	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	195
[1839]	196	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	197
[1912]	198	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	199	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	200	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	201	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	202	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	203	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	204	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	205	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	206
[1912]	207	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	208
[1912]	209	!
	210	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	211	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	212	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	213	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	214	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	215	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	216	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	217	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	218
[1839]	219	!
	220	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	222	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	223	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	225
[1912]	226	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	227	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	228
[1912]	229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	231
[1912]	232	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	234
	235	!
	236	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	237
[1839]	238	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
[1912]	239	REAL(wp) :: delta_t !< tangential segment length
[1839]	240	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	241	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	242	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	243	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	244	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	245	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	246	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	247	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	248	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	249	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	250	!
	251	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	252	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	253	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	254	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	255	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	256
[1912]	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen !< curr. generator speed
	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pitch_add_old!<
	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	268
	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	271
	272	!
	273	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	279	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	280
	281	!
	282	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	286
	287	!
	288	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	292
	293	!
	294	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	298
	299	!
	300	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	304	!
	305	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	307
[1839]	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	317
[1839]	318	!
	319	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	320
[1912]	321	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	322
[1912]	323	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	324	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	325	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	326	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	327	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	328	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	329	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	330	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1864]	331
	332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_old !< last gen. speed
	333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f !< filtered gen. sp
	334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f_old !< last filt. gen. sp
	335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen !< generator torque
	336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen_old !< last gen. torque
[1819]	337
[1864]	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[1839]	339	!
	340	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	341
[1912]	342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	352	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	353	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	354	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	355
	356
[1839]	357	SAVE
[1819]	358
[1839]	359
	360	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	361	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	362	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[1912]	363
	364	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	365	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	366	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	367
	368	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	369	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	370	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	371
	372	INTERFACE wtm_init
	373	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	374	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	375
[1912]	376	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	377	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	378	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	379
[1819]	380	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	381	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[1839]	382	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	383	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
[1864]	384
	385	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	386	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	387	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	388
	389	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	390	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	391	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	392	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	393
	394	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	395	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	396	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	397	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	398
	399
[1912]	400	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
	401	wtm_parin, wtm_tendencies, wtm_tendencies_ij, wind_turbine
[1819]	402
	403	CONTAINS
	404
	405
	406	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	407	! Description:
	408	! ------------
[1839]	409	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	410	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	411	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	412
	413
	414	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	415
	416	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	417
[1839]	418	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	419
	420	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	421	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	422	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	423	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	424	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	425	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	426	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	427	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[2349]	428	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2152]	429	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	430
[1819]	431	!
[1839]	432	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	433	REWIND ( 11 )
	434	line = ' '
	435	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	436	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	437	ENDDO
	438	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	439
	440	!
	441	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	442	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[2349]	443
[1912]	444	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
[2349]	445	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
	446	'End of file has reached'
[2322]	447	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2349]	448	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
	449	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
	450	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
	451	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	452	ENDIF
	453
[1839]	454	!
	455	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	456	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	457
[1912]	458	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	459
	460
	461	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	462
[1912]	463	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	464
	465
	466	IMPLICIT NONE
	467
	468	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	469	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	470	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	471	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	472	ENDIF
	473
[2322]	474	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	475	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[1912]	476	'a value larger than zero'
[2322]	477	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	478	ENDIF
	479
	480
	481	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	482	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	483	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	484
	485	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	486	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	487	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	488
	489	ENDIF
	490
	491
	492	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	493
	494
[1839]	495	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	496	! Description:
	497	! ------------
	498	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	499	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	500	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	501
	502
	503	IMPLICIT NONE
	504
[1864]	505	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	506	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	507
[1839]	508	!
	509	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	510	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	511
	512	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	513	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	514
	515	nrings(:) = 0
	516	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	517
	518	!
	519	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	520	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	521	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	522	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	523	delta_t = delta_t_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	524
	525	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	526	!
	527	!-- Determine number of rings:
	528	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	529
	530	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	531
	532	ENDDO
	533
	534	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	535
	536	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	537	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	538
	539	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	540	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	541
	542
	543	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	544	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	545	!
	546	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	547	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	548	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	549	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	550	ENDDO
	551	!
	552	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	553	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	554
	555	ENDDO
	556
	557	!
	558	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	559	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	560
[1864]	561	!!
	562	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	563	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	564	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	565	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	566	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	567	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	568	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	569	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	570	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	571	! ENDIF
[1819]	572
	573
	574	!
	575	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	576	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	577	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	578	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	579	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	580	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	581	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	582	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	583	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	584
	585	!
	586	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for speed pitch_control
	587	ALLOCATE( omega_gen(1:nturbines) )
[1864]	588	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	589	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f(1:nturbines) )
	590	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f_old(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	591	ALLOCATE( pitch_add_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	592	ALLOCATE( torque_gen(1:nturbines) )
	593	ALLOCATE( torque_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
	594
	595	!
	596	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	597	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	598	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	599	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	600	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	601	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	602	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	603
	604	!
	605	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	606	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	607	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	608	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	609	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	610	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	611	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	612	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	613	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	614	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	615	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	616
	617	!
	618	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	619	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	620	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	621	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	622	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	623	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	624	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	625
	626	!
	627	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	628	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	629	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	630	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	631
	632	!
	633	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	634	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	635	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	636	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	637	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	638	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	639	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	640	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	641	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	642
	643	!
	644	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	645	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	646	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	647	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	648	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	649	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	650	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	651
	652	!
	653	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	654	i_hub(:) = 0
	655	i_smear(:) = 0
	656	j_hub(:) = 0
	657	j_smear(:) = 0
	658	k_hub(:) = 0
	659	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	660
[1819]	661	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	662	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	663
	664	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	665	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	666	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	667	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	668	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	669	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	670	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	671
	672	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	673	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	674	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	675
	676	!
	677	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	678	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	679	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	680	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	681	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	682	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	683	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	684	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	685	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	686	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	687	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	688
	689	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	690	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	691	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	692	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	693	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	694	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	695
	696	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	697	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	698	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	699
[1912]	700	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	701	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	702	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	703	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	704	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	705	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	706	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	707	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	708
	709	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	710	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	711	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	712	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	713	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	714	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	715
	716
[1839]	717	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	718
	719
	720	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	721	! Description:
	722	! ------------
[1839]	723	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	724	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	725	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	726
[1839]	727
[1819]	728	IMPLICIT NONE
	729
	730	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	731	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	732	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	733
[1819]	734	!
[1864]	735	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	736	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	737
[1839]	738	!
[1864]	739	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	740	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	741	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	742	!
[1864]	743	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	744	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	745	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	746
	747	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	748	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	749	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	750
	751	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	752
	753	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	754	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	755	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	756	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	757
	758	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	759	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	760	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	761	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	762
	763
[1864]	764	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	765
	766	CALL wtm_speed_control
	767
	768	ENDIF
	769
[1839]	770	!
[1819]	771	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	772	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	773	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	774	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	775	!
[1839]	776	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	777	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	778
[1839]	779	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	780	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	781	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	782	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	783	!
[1839]	784	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	785	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	786	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	787	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	788	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	789	!
	790	!-- Square of eps_min:
	791	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	792	!
	793	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	794	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	795	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	796	!
[1839]	797	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	798	!-- function:
	799	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	800
[1864]	801	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	802	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	803
[1819]	804	!
[1864]	805	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
	806	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
[1819]	807
[1864]	808
[1819]	809	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	810	!
[1864]	811	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	812	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	813
	814	!
	815	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	816	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	817	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	818	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	819
	820	!
	821	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	822	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	823	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	824	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	825	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	826	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	827	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	828
[1819]	829	ENDDO
	830
	831	!
	832	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	833	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	834	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	835	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	836	!
	837	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	838	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	839
	840	!
	841	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	842	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	843	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	844
	845	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	846
	847	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	848
[1839]	849
	850	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	851	!
[1839]	852	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	853	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	854	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	855	i = i_hub(inot)
	856
	857	!
[1839]	858	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	859	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	860	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	861	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	862	!
[1839]	863	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	864	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	865	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	866	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	867	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	868	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	869	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	870
	871	!
	872	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	873	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	874	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	875	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	876
	877	!
	878	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	879	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	880	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	881
	882	DO j = nys, nyn
	883	!
[1839]	884	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	885	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	886
[1819]	887	DO k = nzb, nzt
	888
	889	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	890	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	891	!
[1819]	892	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	893	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	894	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	895	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	896	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	897	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	898	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	899	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	900	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	901	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	902	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	903	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	904	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	905	!
	906	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	907	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	908	ELSE
[1912]	909	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	910	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	911	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	912	ENDIF
	913	!
	914	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	915	ELSE
[1912]	916	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	917	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	918	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	919	ENDIF
[1839]	920	!
	921	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	922	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	923	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	924
[1839]	925	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	926	!
[1819]	927	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	928	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	929	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	930	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	931	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	932	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	933	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	934	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	935	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	936	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	937	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	938	!
	939	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	940	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	941	ELSE
[1912]	942	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	943	ENDIF
[1839]	944	!
[1819]	945	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	946	ELSE
[1912]	947	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	948	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	949	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	950
	951	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	952
	953	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	954
	955	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	956
	957	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	958
	959	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	960
[1839]	961
[1912]	962	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	963
[1839]	964	!
[1864]	965	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	966	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	967	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	968	!!
	969	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	970	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	971	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	972	!
	973	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	974	!
	975	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	976	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	977	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	978	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	979	!!
	980	!!-- bottom intersection point
	981	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	982	!!
	983	!!-- top intersection point
	984	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	985	! ELSE
	986	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	987	! ENDIF
	988	! ENDDO
	989	!
	990	!
	991	! DO j = nys, nyn
	992	!!
	993	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	994	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	995	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	996	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	997	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	998	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	999	!!
	1000	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	1001	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	1002	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	1003	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1004	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	1005	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	1006	!!
	1007	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1008	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1009	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1010	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1011	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1012	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1013	! dz_int = dz
	1014	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1015	!!
	1016	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1017	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1018	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1019	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1020	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1021	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1022	! ENDIF
	1023	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1024	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1025	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1026	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1027	! ENDIF
	1028	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1029	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1030	! ENDIF
	1031	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1032	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1033	! ENDIF
	1034	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1035	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1036	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1037	! ENDIF
	1038	! ENDDO
	1039	! ENDIF
	1040	! ENDDO
	1041	! ENDIF
[1819]	1042	!
[1864]	1043	! ENDDO
[1819]	1044	!
[1912]	1045	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1046
[1864]	1047	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1048
[1912]	1049	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1050	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1051
[1912]	1052	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1053
[1864]	1054	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1055
	1056
[1819]	1057	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1058	! Description:
	1059	! ------------
	1060	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1061	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1062	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1063	!
	1064	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1065
[1839]	1066
[1864]	1067	IMPLICIT NONE
	1068
	1069	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1070	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1071
[1864]	1072	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1073
	1074	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1075
[1864]	1076	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1077	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1078	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1079	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1080	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1081	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1082	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1083	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1084	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1085	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1086
[1864]	1087	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1088	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1089	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1090
[1864]	1091	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1092	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1093
[1864]	1094	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1095	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1096	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1097	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1098	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1099
[1864]	1100	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1101	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1102	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1103	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1104	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1105
[1864]	1106	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1107
[1864]	1108	!
	1109	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1110	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1111
[2323]	1112	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1113
	1114	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1115	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1116	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1117	ENDIF
	1118	!
	1119	!-- Read distribution table:
	1120
	1121	dlen = 0
	1122
[2323]	1123	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1124
	1125	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1126	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1127	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1128	dlen = dlen + 1
	1129	ENDDO rloop3
	1130
	1131	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1132
	1133	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1134	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1135	ENDDO
	1136
	1137	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1138	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1139	ENDDO
	1140
	1141	!
	1142	!-- Read layout table:
	1143
[1839]	1144	dlen = 0
[1864]	1145
[2323]	1146	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1147
[1843]	1148	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1149	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1150	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1151	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1152	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1153
[1839]	1154	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1155	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1156	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1157	ENDDO
	1158	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1159	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1160	ENDDO
[1819]	1161
[1864]	1162	!
	1163	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1164
[1864]	1165	dlen = 0
	1166
[2323]	1167	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1168
[1843]	1169	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1170	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1171	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1172	dlen = dlen + 1
	1173	ENDDO rloop2
	1174
[1912]	1175	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1176	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1177
	1178	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1179	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1180	ENDDO
	1181
[1839]	1182	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1183	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1184	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1185	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1186	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1187	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1188	ENDDO
[1864]	1189
[1839]	1190	ENDDO
[1864]	1191
	1192	dlenbl = dlen
	1193
[2323]	1194	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1195
[1864]	1196	!
	1197	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
	1198	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
	1199	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1200	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1201	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1202
[1864]	1203	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1204	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
	1205	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1206	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1207
[1864]	1208	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1209	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1210
[1864]	1211
	1212	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1213	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1214
	1215
	1216	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
	1217
	1218	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1219
	1220	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1221	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1222	ialpha = 1
	1223
[2152]	1224	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1225	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1226	ENDDO
[1819]	1227	!
[1864]	1228	!-- Find position in table
	1229	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1230	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1819]	1231
[1864]	1232	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1233	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1234	ENDIF
[1819]	1235
[1864]	1236	trow = lct(1)
	1237	!
	1238	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
	1239	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1240	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1241	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1242	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1819]	1243
[1912]	1244	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1245	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1246	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[1864]	1247	ENDIF
[1819]	1248
[1864]	1249	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1250	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1251	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1252	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1253	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1254	ELSE
	1255	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1256	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1257	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1258	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1259	ENDIF
	1260
[1912]	1261	!
	1262	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1263	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1264
	1265	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1266	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1267	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1268	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1269	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1270	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1271	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1272	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1273	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1274	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1275	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1276	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1277	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1278	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1279	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1280	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1281	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1282	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1283	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1284	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1285	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1286	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1287	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1288	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[1819]	1289
[1912]	1290	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[1819]	1291
[1864]	1292	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
	1293
[1912]	1294	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1295
	1296
[1864]	1297	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1298	! Description:
	1299	! ------------
	1300	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1301	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1302	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1303	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1304
[1864]	1305
	1306	IMPLICIT NONE
	1307
	1308	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1309	!
	1310	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1311	!-- the rotors
	1312	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1313	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1314	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1315
	1316	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1317	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1318	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1319
	1320	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1321	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1322	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1323
[1864]	1324	!
	1325	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1326	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1327
[1912]	1328	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1329	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1330	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1331	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1332	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1333	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1334	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1335	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1336	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1337	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1338	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1339	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1340	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1341	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1342	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1343	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1344	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1345	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1346	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1347	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1348	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1349	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1350	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1351	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1352
[1864]	1353	!
	1354	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1355	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1356	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1357	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1358	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1359
	1360	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1361
	1362
[1819]	1363	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1364	! Description:
	1365	! ------------
[1839]	1366	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1367	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1368	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1369
[1864]	1370
[1819]	1371	IMPLICIT NONE
	1372
	1373	CHARACTER (LEN=2) :: turbine_id
	1374
[1839]	1375	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1376	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1377	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1378	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1379	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1380	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1381
[2232]	1382	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1383	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1384	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1385
	1386	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1387	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1388
	1389	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1390
	1391
[1839]	1392	!
[1819]	1393	! Variables for pitch control
	1394	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1395	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1396
[1819]	1397	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1399
	1400	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1401
	1402
[1864]	1403	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1404
	1405
	1406	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1407
[1864]	1408	!
[1819]	1409	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1410	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1411	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1412	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1413	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1414	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1415	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1416	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1417	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1418	!
	1419	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1420	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1421
	1422	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1423	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1424	!
[1839]	1425	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1426	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1427
	1428	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1429	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1430	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1431	!
	1432	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1433	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1434
	1435	!
[1839]	1436	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1437	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1438	!
[1864]	1439	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1440	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1441	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1442	!
[1864]	1443	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1444	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1445	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1446	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1447	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1448	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1449
[1864]	1450	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1451	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1452	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1453	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1454	re(3) = sin_rot
	1455
	1456	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1457	!
	1458	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1459	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1460	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1461	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1462
[1864]	1463	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1464	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1465	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1466	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1467	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1468
	1469	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1470	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1471
	1472	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1473	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1474
	1475	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1476	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1477
	1478	!
	1479	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1480
	1481	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1482	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	1483	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1484	!
[1864]	1485	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1486	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1487	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1488	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1489
[1839]	1490	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1491	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1492	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1493	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1494	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1495	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1496	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1497	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1498	gg = dx * dy
	1499
[1864]	1500	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1501	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1502	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1503	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1504	) / gg
	1505
[1864]	1506	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1507	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1508	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1509	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1510	) / gg
	1511
[1864]	1512	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1513	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1514	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1515
	1516	ELSE
	1517	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1518	ENDIF
	1519	ELSE
	1520	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1521	ENDIF
	1522
	1523
	1524	!
	1525	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1526	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1527	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1528	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1529	!
[1864]	1530	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1531	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1532	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1533	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1534
[1839]	1535	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1536	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1537	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1538	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1539	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1540	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1541	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1542	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1543	gg = dx * dy
	1544
[1864]	1545	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1546	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1547	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1548	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1549	) / gg
	1550
[1864]	1551	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1552	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1553	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1554	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1555	) / gg
	1556
[1864]	1557	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1558	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1559	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1560
	1561	ELSE
	1562	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1563	ENDIF
	1564	ELSE
	1565	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1566	ENDIF
	1567
	1568
	1569	!
	1570	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1571	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1572	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1573	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1574	!
[1864]	1575	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1576	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1577	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1578	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1579
[1839]	1580	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1581	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1582	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1583	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1584	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1585	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1586	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1587	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1588	gg = dx * dy
	1589
[1864]	1590	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1591	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1592	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1593	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1594	) / gg
	1595
[1864]	1596	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1597	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1598	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1599	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1600	) / gg
	1601
[1864]	1602	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1603	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1604	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1605	ELSE
	1606	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1607	ENDIF
	1608	ELSE
	1609	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1610	ENDIF
	1611
	1612	ENDDO
	1613	ENDDO
	1614
	1615	ENDDO
	1616
	1617	!
	1618	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1619	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1620	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1621	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1622	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1623	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1624	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1625	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1626	#else
	1627	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1628	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1629	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1630	#endif
	1631
	1632
	1633	!
	1634	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1635
[1819]	1636	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1637	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1638
[1912]	1639	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1640	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1641	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1642	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1643	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1644	ELSE
	1645	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1646	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1647	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1648	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1649	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1650	ENDIF
[1819]	1651	ENDIF
	1652
[1839]	1653	!
	1654	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1655	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1656	!
	1657	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1658	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1659	!
	1660	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1661	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1662	!
[1839]	1663	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1664	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1665	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1666	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1667	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1668	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1669	!
[1839]	1670	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1671	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1672	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1673	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1674	re(3) = sin_rot
	1675
[1864]	1676	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1677	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1678	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1679	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1680
	1681	!
[1864]	1682	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1683	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1684	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1685	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1686	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1687	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1688	!
	1689	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1690	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1691	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1692	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1693	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1694	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1695	!
	1696	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1697	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1698
	1699	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1700
	1701	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1702
	1703	!
[1864]	1704	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1705	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1706	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1707	!
[1864]	1708	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[1819]	1709	!-- components perpedicular and parallel to the rotor area
	1710	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1711	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1712	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1713	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1714	!
	1715	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1716	!
[1819]	1717	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1718	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1719	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1720	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1721	!
[1864]	1722	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1723	!-- direction:
	1724	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1725	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1726	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1727	!
[1864]	1728	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1729	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1730
[1864]	1731	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1732	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1733	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1734
	1735	!
[1864]	1736	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1737	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1738
	1739	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1740	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1741
	1742	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1743	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1744	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1745	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1746	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1747	ELSE
[1864]	1748	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1749	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1750	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1751	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1752	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1753	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1754	ENDIF
	1755
	1756	!
[1864]	1757	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1758	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1759	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1760	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1761	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1762	!
[1864]	1763	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1764	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1765	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1766	!
[1864]	1767	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1768	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1769	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1770	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1771	!
[1864]	1772	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1773	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1774
	1775	!
[1864]	1776	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1777	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1778	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1779	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1780	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1781
	1782	!
[1864]	1783	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1784	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	1785	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	1786	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1787
	1788	!
[1864]	1789	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	1790	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	1791
	1792	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1793	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1794	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	1795	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1796	ELSE
[1864]	1797	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	1798	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1799	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	1800	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	1801	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1802	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1803	ENDIF
	1804
	1805	!
	1806	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	1807	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1808	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
	1809	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
	1810	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[1839]	1811	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
[1819]	1812	!
	1813	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	1814	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1815	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	1816	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	1817	!
[1864]	1818	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	1819	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	1820	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	1821	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	1822
	1823	!
[1864]	1824	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	1825	!-- angles given in radian:
	1826	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1827	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1828
[2152]	1829	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	1830
	1831	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	1832	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	1833	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	1834	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	1835	!--
	1836	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	1837	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	1838	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	1839
	1840	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	1841
	1842	END IF
[1819]	1843	!
	1844	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1845	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	1846	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1847
	1848	!
[1864]	1849	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	1850
	1851	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	1852	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1853
	1854	!
[1864]	1855	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	1856	!-- for each ring segment:
	1857	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	1858	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	1859	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1860
	1861	!
[1864]	1862	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	1863	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	1864	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	1865	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	1866	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	1867	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	1868	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1869	!
	1870	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	1871	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	1872	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	1873
	1874	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	1875	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	1876
[1912]	1877	!
	1878	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	1879	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	1880	thrust_seg(rseg)
	1881
	1882
[1819]	1883	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	1884
[1864]	1885	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	1886
	1887	!
[1864]	1888	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	1889	!-- each ring:
[1819]	1890	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	1891	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	1892	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	1893
	1894
[1864]	1895	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	1896
	1897
[1864]	1898	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	1899
[1912]	1900
	1901	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1902	!
	1903	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	1904
	1905	!
	1906	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	1907	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	1908	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	1909	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	1910	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	1911	( inertia_rot + &
	1912	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	1913
[1912]	1914	!
	1915	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	1916	!-- and rotor speed
	1917	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	1918
	1919	ENDIF
	1920
[1864]	1921	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	1922
[1912]	1923	!
	1924	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	1925	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	1926	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	1927	!-- gain
	1928	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	1929	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	1930	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	1931	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	1932	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	1933	!
	1934	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	1935	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	1936	ENDIF
[1912]	1937
	1938	!
	1939	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	1940	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	1941	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	1942	ENDIF
[1912]	1943	EXIT pit_loop
	1944	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	1945
[1864]	1946
[1819]	1947	!
[1864]	1948	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	1949
[1819]	1950	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1951	!
[1864]	1952	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	1953	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	1954	THEN
	1955	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	1956	THEN
[1864]	1957	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	1958	ENDIF
[1912]	1959	ENDIF
[1864]	1960
[1819]	1961	ENDIF
	1962
	1963
[1864]	1964	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	1965
[1864]	1966	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	1967
	1968
[1864]	1969	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	1970	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	1971	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	1972	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1973	!
[1864]	1974	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	1975	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	1976	!
	1977	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	1978	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	1979	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	1980	!-- consideration
[1819]	1981	!
[1864]	1982	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	1983	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	1984	!
	1985	!--
	1986	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	1987	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	1988	eps_min ) / dx )
	1989	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	1990	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	1991
[1864]	1992	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1993	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	1994	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1995	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	1996	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	1997	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	1998	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	1999	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2000	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2001	!
[2232]	2002	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	2003	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	2004
	2005	!
[1819]	2006	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	2007	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2008	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2009	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2010	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2011	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2012	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2013	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2014	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2015	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2016	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2017
	2018	!
	2019	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2020	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2021	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2022	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2023	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2024	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2025	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2026	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2027	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2028	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2029	flag
[1819]	2030	ENDIF
	2031	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2032	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2033	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2034	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2035	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2036	flag
[1819]	2037	ENDIF
	2038	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2039	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2040	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2041	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2042	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2043	flag
[1819]	2044	ENDIF
	2045
	2046	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2047	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2048
	2049	!
	2050	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2051	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2052	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2053	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2054	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2055	) * flag
[1819]	2056
[2232]	2057	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2058	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2059	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2060	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2061	) * flag
[1819]	2062
[2232]	2063	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2064	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2065	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2066	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2067	) * flag
[1819]	2068
	2069	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2070	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2071	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2072
[1864]	2073	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2074
[1912]	2075	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2076
	2077
	2078	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2079	!
	2080	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2081	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2082	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2083	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2084	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2085	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2086	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2087
[1864]	2088	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2089	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2090	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2091	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2092	start_up = .FALSE.
	2093	ENDIF
	2094
	2095	!
	2096	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2097	!--
	2098	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2099	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2100	!
	2101	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2102	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2103	THEN
	2104	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2105	THEN
[1864]	2106
[1819]	2107	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2108
[1912]	2109	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2110	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2111	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2112	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2113	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2114
	2115	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2116
[1819]	2117	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2118
[1819]	2119	ENDIF
	2120	ENDIF
	2121
[1864]	2122	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2123
	2124	!
[1929]	2125	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2126	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2127	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2128	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2129	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2130	comm2d, ierr )
	2131	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2132	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2133	#else
	2134	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2135	wdir = wdir_l
	2136	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2137
	2138
[1929]	2139	#endif
[1819]	2140	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2141	!
	2142	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2143	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2144
	2145	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2146
[2152]	2147	END IF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2148
	2149	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2150	!
	2151	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2152	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2153	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2154	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2155	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2156	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2157	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2158	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2159	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2160	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2161	#else
	2162	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2163	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2164	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2165	#endif
[1864]	2166
	2167	ENDIF
[1819]	2168
	2169	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2170
	2171	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2172	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2173	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2174	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2175	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2176	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2177	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2178	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2179	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2180	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2181
[1819]	2182	ELSE
	2183
	2184	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(I2.2)') inot
[1864]	2185	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'TURBINE_PARAMETERS'//turbine_id ), &
	2186	FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2187	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2188	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2189	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2190	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2191	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2192	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2193	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2194	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2195	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2196	ENDIF
	2197	ENDIF
	2198
[1912]	2199	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2200	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2201	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2202
	2203	ENDIF
	2204
[1864]	2205	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2206
[1912]	2207	!
	2208	!-- Formats
[1819]	2209	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2210	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2211	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2212	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2213	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2214
[1864]	2215	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2216	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2217
	2218
	2219	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2220
	2221
[1839]	2222	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2223	! Description:
	2224	! ------------
	2225	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2226	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2227	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2228
[1819]	2229	USE constants
	2230	USE kinds
[1839]	2231
	2232	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2233
	2234	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2235	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2236	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2237
	2238	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2239
	2240	!
[1864]	2241	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2242	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2243	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2244	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2245	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2246	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2247	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2248	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2249	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2250	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2251	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2252	!
	2253	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2254	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2255	!
[1864]	2256	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2257	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2258	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2259	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2260	!
[1864]	2261	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2262	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2263
	2264	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2265	!
[1864]	2266	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2267	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2268	!
[1864]	2269	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2270	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2271	!
[1864]	2272	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2273	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2274	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2275	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2276	ENDIF
	2277	ENDIF
	2278
	2279	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2280
	2281	!
[1864]	2282	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2283	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2284	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2285
	2286	ELSE
	2287	!
	2288	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2289	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2290	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2291	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2292	!
[1864]	2293	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2294	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2295	!
	2296	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2297	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2298	!
	2299	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2300	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2301	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2302	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2303	!
	2304	!-- Continue yawing
	2305	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2306	ELSE
[1864]	2307	!
	2308	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2309	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2310	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2311	ENDIF
	2312	ELSE
[1864]	2313	!
	2314	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2315	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2316	ENDIF
	2317
	2318	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2319
	2320	ENDIF
	2321
[1839]	2322	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2323
[1864]	2324
[1819]	2325	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2326	! Description:
	2327	! ------------
[1864]	2328	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2329	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2330	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2331
	2332
	2333	IMPLICIT NONE
	2334
	2335	!
	2336	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2337	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2338	!
	2339	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2340	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2341	!
	2342	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2343	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2344	!
	2345	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2346	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2347	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2348	!
	2349	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2350	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2351	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
	2352	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
	2353	!
	2354	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2355	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2356	!
	2357	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2358	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
	2359	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2360
	2361	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2362
	2363
	2364	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2365	! Description:
	2366	! ------------
	2367	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2368	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2369	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2370
	2371
	2372	IMPLICIT NONE
	2373
[1912]	2374	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2375
	2376
[1864]	2377
	2378	!
	2379	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2380	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2381	!-- offshore system developement"
	2382
	2383	!
	2384	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2385	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2386	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2387	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2388	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2389
	2390	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2391	!
	2392	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2393	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2394
	2395	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2396	!
	2397	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2398	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2399
	2400	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2401	!
	2402	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2403	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2404	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2405
	2406	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2407	!
	2408	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2409	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2410
	2411	ELSE
	2412	!
	2413	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2414	!-- keep the power constant:
	2415	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2416
	2417	ENDIF
	2418	!
	2419	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2420	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2421	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2422	!
	2423	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2424	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2425	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2426	!
	2427	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2428	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2429
	2430
	2431	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2432
	2433
	2434	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2435	! Description:
	2436	! ------------
[1839]	2437	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2438	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2439	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2440	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2441	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2442
[1839]	2443
[1819]	2444	IMPLICIT NONE
	2445
[1839]	2446	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2447	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2448	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2449	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2450
	2451
	2452	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2453
	2454	CASE ( 1 )
	2455	!
	2456	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2457	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2458	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2459	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2460	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2461	!
[1864]	2462	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2463	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2464	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2465	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2466	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
	2467
[2232]	2468	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2469	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2470	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2471	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2472	ENDDO
	2473	ENDDO
	2474	ENDDO
	2475	ENDIF
	2476
	2477	CASE ( 2 )
	2478	!
	2479	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2480	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2481	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2482	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2483	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2484	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2485	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2486	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2487	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2488	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2489	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2490	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2491	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2492	ENDDO
	2493	ENDDO
	2494	ENDDO
	2495	ENDIF
	2496
	2497	CASE ( 3 )
	2498	!
	2499	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2500	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2501	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2502	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2503	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2504	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2505	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2506	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2507	ENDDO
	2508	ENDDO
	2509	ENDDO
	2510	ENDIF
	2511
	2512
	2513	CASE DEFAULT
	2514
	2515	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2516	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2517
	2518	END SELECT
	2519
	2520
	2521	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2522
	2523
	2524	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2525	! Description:
	2526	! ------------
[1839]	2527	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2528	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2529	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2530	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2531	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2532
	2533
	2534	IMPLICIT NONE
	2535
[1839]	2536	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2537	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2538	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2539	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2540
	2541	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2542
	2543	CASE ( 1 )
	2544	!
	2545	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2546	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2547
[2232]	2548	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2549	!
[1839]	2550	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2551	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2552	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2553	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2554	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2555	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2556	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2557	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2558	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2559	ENDDO
	2560	ENDIF
	2561
	2562	CASE ( 2 )
	2563	!
	2564	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2565	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2566	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2567	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2568	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2569	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2570	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2571	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2572	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2573	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2574	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2575	ENDDO
	2576	ENDIF
	2577
	2578	CASE ( 3 )
	2579	!
	2580	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2581	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2582	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2583	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2584	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2585	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2586	ENDDO
	2587	ENDIF
	2588
	2589
	2590	CASE DEFAULT
	2591
	2592	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2593	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2594
	2595	END SELECT
	2596
	2597
	2598	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2599
	2600	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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