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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2195

Last change on this file since 2195 was 2153, checked in by lvollmer, 8 years ago
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[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2101]	17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
[1913]	22	!
[2153]	23	!
[1913]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2153 2017-02-17 13:35:52Z raasch $
[1844]	27	!
[2153]	28	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	29	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	30	! Addition of a tip loss model
	31	!
[2016]	32	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	33	! Bugfix of pitch control
	34	!
[2001]	35	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	36	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	37	!
[1930]	38	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	39	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	40	!
[1917]	41	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	42	! Initial revision
	43	!
[1819]	44	!
	45	! Description:
	46	! ------------
	47	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	48	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	49	!> (ADM-R).
	50	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	51	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	52	!> yaw.
	53	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	54	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	55	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	56	!> automatically).
	57	!>
	58	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	59	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	60	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	61	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	62	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	63	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	64	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	65	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	66	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	67	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	68	!
	69	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	70	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	71
	72	USE arrays_3d, &
	73	ONLY: dd2zu, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
	74
	75	USE constants
	76
	77	USE control_parameters, &
	78	ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time
	79
	80	USE cpulog, &
	81	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	82
	83	USE grid_variables, &
	84	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	85
	86	USE indices, &
	87	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
	88	nzb, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_w_inner, nzt
	89
	90	USE kinds
	91
	92	USE pegrid
	93
	94
	95	IMPLICIT NONE
	96
[1864]	97	PRIVATE
[1819]	98
[1839]	99	LOGICAL :: wind_turbine=.FALSE. !< switch for use of wind turbine model
[1819]	100
	101	!
	102	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	103
[1864]	104	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	105	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	106
[1839]	107	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	108	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	109	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	110	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	111
[1839]	112	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	113	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	114	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	115	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	116	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	117	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	118
[1912]	119	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
	120	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.0_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
	121	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	122	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	123	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	124	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	125	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	126	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	127	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	128	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	129	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	130
[1819]	131	!
	132	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	133	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	134
[1912]	135	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	136	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
	137	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg/m2]
	138	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg/m2]
	139	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	140	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	141	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	142	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	143	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	144	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	145	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	146	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	147	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	148	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	149
[1912]	150
[1819]	151	!
	152	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	153
[1839]	154	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	155	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	156	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	157
[1819]	158	!
	159	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	160	TYPE file_status
	161	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	162	END TYPE file_status
	163
[1912]	164	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	165	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	166
	167	!
	168	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	169
[1839]	170	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	171	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	172	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	173	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	174	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	175	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	176
[1839]	177	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	178
[1912]	179	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	180	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	181	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	182	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	183	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	184	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	185	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	186	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	187
[1912]	188	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	189
[1912]	190	!
	191	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	192	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	193	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	194	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	195	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	196	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	197	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	198	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	199
[1839]	200	!
	201	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	202	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	203	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	204	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	205	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	206
[1912]	207	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	208	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	209
[1912]	210	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	211	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	212
[1912]	213	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	214	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	215
	216	!
	217	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	218
[1839]	219	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
[1912]	220	REAL(wp) :: delta_t !< tangential segment length
[1839]	221	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	222	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	223	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	224	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	225	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	226	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	227	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	228	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	229	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	230	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	231	!
	232	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	233	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	234	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	235	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	236	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	237
[1912]	238	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	239	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	240	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen !< curr. generator speed
	241	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	242	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pitch_add_old!<
	243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	244	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	245	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	247	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	249
	250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	252
	253	!
	254	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	261
	262	!
	263	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	267
	268	!
	269	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	273
	274	!
	275	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	279
	280	!
	281	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	285	!
	286	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	288
[1839]	289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	290	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	298
[1839]	299	!
	300	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	301
[1912]	302	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	303
[1912]	304	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	305	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	306	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	307	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	308	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	309	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	310	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	311	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1864]	312
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_old !< last gen. speed
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f !< filtered gen. sp
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f_old !< last filt. gen. sp
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen !< generator torque
	317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen_old !< last gen. torque
[1819]	318
[1864]	319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[1839]	320	!
	321	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	322
[1912]	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	333	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	334	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	335	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	336
	337
[1839]	338	SAVE
[1819]	339
[1839]	340
	341	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	342	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	343	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[1912]	344
	345	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	346	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	347	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	348
	349	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	350	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	351	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	352
	353	INTERFACE wtm_init
	354	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	355	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	356
[1912]	357	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	358	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	359	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	360
[1819]	361	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	362	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[1839]	363	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	364	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
[1864]	365
	366	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	367	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	368	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	369
	370	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	371	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	372	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	373	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	374
	375	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	376	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	377	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	378	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	379
	380
[1912]	381	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
	382	wtm_parin, wtm_tendencies, wtm_tendencies_ij, wind_turbine
[1819]	383
	384	CONTAINS
	385
	386
	387	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	388	! Description:
	389	! ------------
[1839]	390	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	391	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	392	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	393
	394
	395	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	396
	397	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	398
[1839]	399	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	400
	401	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	402	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	403	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	404	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	405	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	406	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	407	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	408	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[1912]	409	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, &
[2152]	410	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	411
[1819]	412	!
[1839]	413	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	414	REWIND ( 11 )
	415	line = ' '
	416	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	417	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	418	ENDDO
	419	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	420
	421	!
	422	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	423	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	424
	425	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
	426	message_string = 'errors in \$wind_turbine_par'
	427	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	428	ENDIF
	429
[1839]	430	!
	431	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	432	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	433
[1912]	434	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	435
	436
	437	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	438
[1912]	439	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	440
	441
	442	IMPLICIT NONE
	443
	444	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	445	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	446	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
	447	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	448	ENDIF
	449
	450	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) <= 0.0 ) ) THEN
	451	message_string = 'omega_rot <= 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
	452	'a value larger than zero'
	453	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	454	ENDIF
	455
	456
	457	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	458	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	459	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	460
	461	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	462	'have to be given for each turbine.'
	463	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	464
	465	ENDIF
	466
	467
	468	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	469
	470
[1839]	471	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	472	! Description:
	473	! ------------
	474	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	475	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	476	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	477
	478
	479	IMPLICIT NONE
	480
[1864]	481	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	482	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	483
[1839]	484	!
	485	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	486	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	487
	488	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	489	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	490
	491	nrings(:) = 0
	492	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	493
	494	!
	495	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	496	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	497	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	498	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	499	delta_t = delta_t_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	500
	501	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	502	!
	503	!-- Determine number of rings:
	504	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	505
	506	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	507
	508	ENDDO
	509
	510	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	511
	512	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	513	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	514
	515	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	516	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	517
	518
	519	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	520	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	521	!
	522	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	523	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	524	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	525	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	526	ENDDO
	527	!
	528	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	529	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	530
	531	ENDDO
	532
	533	!
	534	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	535	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	536
[1864]	537	!!
	538	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	539	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	540	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	541	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	542	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	543	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	544	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	545	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	546	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	547	! ENDIF
[1819]	548
	549
	550	!
	551	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	552	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	553	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	554	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	555	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	556	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	557	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	558	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	559	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	560
	561	!
	562	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for speed pitch_control
	563	ALLOCATE( omega_gen(1:nturbines) )
[1864]	564	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	565	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f(1:nturbines) )
	566	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f_old(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	567	ALLOCATE( pitch_add_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	568	ALLOCATE( torque_gen(1:nturbines) )
	569	ALLOCATE( torque_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
	570
	571	!
	572	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	573	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	574	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	575	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	576	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	577	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	578	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	579
	580	!
	581	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	582	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	583	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	584	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	585	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	586	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	587	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	588	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	589	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	590	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	591	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	592
	593	!
	594	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	595	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	596	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	597	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	598	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	599	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	600	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	601
	602	!
	603	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	604	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	605	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	606	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	607
	608	!
	609	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	610	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	611	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	612	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	613	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	614	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	615	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	616	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	617	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	618
	619	!
	620	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	621	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	622	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	623	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	624	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	625	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	626	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	627
	628	!
	629	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	630	i_hub(:) = 0
	631	i_smear(:) = 0
	632	j_hub(:) = 0
	633	j_smear(:) = 0
	634	k_hub(:) = 0
	635	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	636
[1819]	637	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	638	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	639
	640	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	641	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	642	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	643	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	644	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	645	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	646	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	647
	648	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	649	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	650	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	651
	652	!
	653	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	654	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	655	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	656	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	657	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	658	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	659	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	660	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	661	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	662	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	663	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	664
	665	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	666	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	667	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	668	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	669	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	670	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	671
	672	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	673	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	674	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	675	turb_cl_tab(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	676	turb_cd_tab(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	677
[1912]	678	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	679	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	680	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	681	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	682	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	683	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	684	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	685	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	686
	687	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	688	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	689	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	690	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	691	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	692	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	693
	694
[1839]	695	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	696
	697
	698	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	699	! Description:
	700	! ------------
[1839]	701	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	702	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	703	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	704
[1839]	705
[1819]	706	IMPLICIT NONE
	707
	708	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	709	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	710	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	711
[1819]	712	!
[1864]	713	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	714	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	715
[1839]	716	!
[1864]	717	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	718	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	719	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	720	!
[1864]	721	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	722	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	723	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	724
	725	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	726	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	727	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	728
	729	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	730
	731	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	732	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	733	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	734	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	735
	736	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	737	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	738	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	739	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	740
	741
[1864]	742	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	743
	744	CALL wtm_speed_control
	745
	746	ENDIF
	747
[1839]	748	!
[1819]	749	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	750	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	751	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	752	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	753	!
[1839]	754	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	755	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	756
[1839]	757	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	758	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	759	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	760	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	761	!
[1839]	762	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	763	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	764	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	765	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	766	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	767	!
	768	!-- Square of eps_min:
	769	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	770	!
	771	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	772	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	773	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	774	!
[1839]	775	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	776	!-- function:
	777	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	778
[1864]	779	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	780	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	781
[1819]	782	!
[1864]	783	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
	784	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
[1819]	785
[1864]	786
[1819]	787	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	788	!
[1864]	789	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	790	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	791
	792	!
	793	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	794	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	795	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	796	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	797
	798	!
	799	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	800	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	801	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	802	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	803	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	804	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	805	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	806
[1819]	807	ENDDO
	808
	809	!
	810	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	811	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	812	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	813	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	814	!
	815	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	816	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	817
	818	!
	819	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	820	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	821	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	822
	823	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	824
	825	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	826
[1839]	827
	828	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	829	!
[1839]	830	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	831	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	832	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	833	i = i_hub(inot)
	834
	835	!
[1839]	836	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	837	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	838	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	839	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	840	!
[1839]	841	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	842	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	843	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	844	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	845	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	846	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	847	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	848
	849	!
	850	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	851	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	852	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	853	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	854
	855	!
	856	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	857	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	858	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	859
	860	DO j = nys, nyn
	861	!
[1839]	862	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	863	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	864
[1819]	865	DO k = nzb, nzt
	866
	867	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	868	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	869	!
[1819]	870	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	871	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	872	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	873	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	874	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	875	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	876	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	877	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	878	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	879	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	880	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	881	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	882	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	883	!
	884	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	885	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	886	ELSE
[1912]	887	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	888	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	889	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	890	ENDIF
	891	!
	892	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	893	ELSE
[1912]	894	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	895	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	896	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	897	ENDIF
[1839]	898	!
	899	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	900	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	901	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	902
[1839]	903	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	904	!
[1819]	905	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	906	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	907	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	908	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	909	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	910	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	911	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	912	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	913	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	914	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	915	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	916	!
	917	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	918	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	919	ELSE
[1912]	920	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	921	ENDIF
[1839]	922	!
[1819]	923	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	924	ELSE
[1912]	925	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	926	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	927	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	928
	929	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	930
	931	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	932
	933	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	934
	935	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	936
	937	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	938
[1839]	939
[1912]	940	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	941
[1839]	942	!
[1864]	943	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	944	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	945	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	946	!!
	947	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	948	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	949	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	950	!
	951	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	952	!
	953	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	954	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	955	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	956	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	957	!!
	958	!!-- bottom intersection point
	959	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	960	!!
	961	!!-- top intersection point
	962	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	963	! ELSE
	964	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	965	! ENDIF
	966	! ENDDO
	967	!
	968	!
	969	! DO j = nys, nyn
	970	!!
	971	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	972	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	973	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	974	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	975	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	976	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	977	!!
	978	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	979	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	980	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	981	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	982	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	983	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	984	!!
	985	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	986	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	987	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	988	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	989	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	990	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	991	! dz_int = dz
	992	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	993	!!
	994	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	995	!!-- within the current grid box:
	996	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	997	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	998	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	999	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1000	! ENDIF
	1001	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1002	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1003	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1004	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1005	! ENDIF
	1006	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1007	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1008	! ENDIF
	1009	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1010	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1011	! ENDIF
	1012	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1013	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1014	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1015	! ENDIF
	1016	! ENDDO
	1017	! ENDIF
	1018	! ENDDO
	1019	! ENDIF
[1819]	1020	!
[1864]	1021	! ENDDO
[1819]	1022	!
[1912]	1023	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1024
[1864]	1025	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1026
[1912]	1027	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1028	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1029
[1912]	1030	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1031
[1864]	1032	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1033
	1034
[1819]	1035	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1036	! Description:
	1037	! ------------
	1038	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1039	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1040	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1041	!
	1042	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1043
[1839]	1044
[1864]	1045	IMPLICIT NONE
	1046
	1047	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1048	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1049
[1864]	1050	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1051
	1052	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1053
[1864]	1054	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1055	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1056	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1057	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1058	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1059	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1060	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1061	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1062	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1063	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1064
[1864]	1065	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1066	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1067	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1068
[1864]	1069	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1070	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1071
[1864]	1072	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1073	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1074	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1075	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1076	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1077
[1864]	1078	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1079	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1080	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1081	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1082	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1083
[1864]	1084	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1085
[1864]	1086	!
	1087	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1088	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1089
	1090	OPEN ( 201, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1091
	1092	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1093	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
	1094	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0???', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1095	ENDIF
	1096	!
	1097	!-- Read distribution table:
	1098
	1099	dlen = 0
	1100
	1101	READ ( 201, '(3/)' )
	1102
	1103	rloop3: DO
	1104	READ ( 201, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
	1105	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1106	dlen = dlen + 1
	1107	ENDDO rloop3
	1108
	1109	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1110
	1111	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
	1112	BACKSPACE ( 201, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1113	ENDDO
	1114
	1115	DO jj = 1,dlen
	1116	READ ( 201, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
	1117	ENDDO
	1118
	1119	!
	1120	!-- Read layout table:
	1121
[1839]	1122	dlen = 0
[1864]	1123
[1839]	1124	READ ( 201, '(3/)')
[1864]	1125
[1843]	1126	rloop1: DO
[1864]	1127	READ ( 201, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
	1128	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1129	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1130	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1131
[1839]	1132	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1133	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
	1134	BACKSPACE ( 201, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1135	ENDDO
	1136	DO jj = 1, dlen
	1137	READ ( 201, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1138	ENDDO
[1819]	1139
[1864]	1140	!
	1141	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1142
[1864]	1143	dlen = 0
	1144
[1839]	1145	READ ( 201, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1146
[1843]	1147	rloop2: DO
[1864]	1148	READ ( 201, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
	1149	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1150	dlen = dlen + 1
	1151	ENDDO rloop2
	1152
[1912]	1153	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1154	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1155
	1156	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
	1157	BACKSPACE ( 201, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1158	ENDDO
	1159
[1839]	1160	DO jj = 1,dlen
[1864]	1161	READ ( 201, * ) read_cl_cd
	1162	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1163	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1164	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1165	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1166	ENDDO
[1864]	1167
[1839]	1168	ENDDO
[1864]	1169
	1170	dlenbl = dlen
	1171
[1839]	1172	CLOSE ( 201 )
[1819]	1173
[1864]	1174	!
	1175	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
	1176	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
	1177	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1178	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1179	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1180
[1864]	1181	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1182	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
	1183	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1184	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1185
[1864]	1186	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1187	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1188
[1864]	1189
	1190	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1191	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1192
	1193
	1194	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
	1195
	1196	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1197
	1198	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1199	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1200	ialpha = 1
	1201
[2152]	1202	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1203	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1204	ENDDO
[1819]	1205	!
[1864]	1206	!-- Find position in table
	1207	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1208	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1819]	1209
[1864]	1210	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1211	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1212	ENDIF
[1819]	1213
[1864]	1214	trow = lct(1)
	1215	!
	1216	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
	1217	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1218	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1219	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1220	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1819]	1221
[1912]	1222	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1223	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1224	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[1864]	1225	ENDIF
[1819]	1226
[1864]	1227	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1228	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1229	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1230	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1231	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1232	ELSE
	1233	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1234	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1235	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1236	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1237	ENDIF
	1238
[1912]	1239	!
	1240	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1241	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1242
	1243	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1244	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1245	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1246	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1247	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1248	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1249	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1250	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1251	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1252	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1253	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1254	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1255	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1256	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1257	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1258	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1259	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1260	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1261	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1262	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1263	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1264	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1265	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1266	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[1819]	1267
[1912]	1268	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[1819]	1269
[1864]	1270	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
	1271
[1912]	1272	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1273
	1274
[1864]	1275	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1276	! Description:
	1277	! ------------
	1278	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1279	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1280	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1281	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1282
[1864]	1283
	1284	IMPLICIT NONE
	1285
	1286	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1287	!
	1288	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1289	!-- the rotors
	1290	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1291	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1292	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1293
	1294	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1295	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1296	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1297
	1298	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1299	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1300	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1301
[1864]	1302	!
	1303	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1304	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1305
[1912]	1306	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1307	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1308	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1309	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1310	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1311	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1312	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1313	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1314	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1315	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1316	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1317	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1318	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1319	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1320	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1321	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1322	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1323	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1324	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1325	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1326	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1327	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1328	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1329	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1330
[1864]	1331	!
	1332	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1333	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1334	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1335	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1336	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1337
	1338	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1339
	1340
[1819]	1341	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1342	! Description:
	1343	! ------------
[1839]	1344	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1345	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1346	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1347
[1864]	1348
[1819]	1349	IMPLICIT NONE
	1350
	1351	CHARACTER (LEN=2) :: turbine_id
	1352
[1839]	1353	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1354	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1355	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1356	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1357	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1358	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1359
[1839]	1360	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1361	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1362
	1363	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1364	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1365
	1366	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1367
	1368
[1839]	1369	!
[1819]	1370	! Variables for pitch control
	1371	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1372	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1373
[1819]	1374	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1376
	1377	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1378
	1379
[1864]	1380	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1381
	1382
	1383	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1384
[1864]	1385	!
[1819]	1386	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1387	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1388	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1389	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1390	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1391	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1392	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1393	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1394	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1395	!
	1396	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1397	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1398
	1399	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1400	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1401	!
[1839]	1402	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1403	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1404
	1405	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1406	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1407	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1408	!
	1409	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1410	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1411
	1412	!
[1839]	1413	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1414	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1415	!
[1864]	1416	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1417	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1418	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1419	!
[1864]	1420	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1421	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1422	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1423	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1424	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1425	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1426
[1864]	1427	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1428	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1429	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1430	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1431	re(3) = sin_rot
	1432
	1433	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1434	!
	1435	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1436	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1437	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1438	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1439
[1864]	1440	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1441	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1442	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1443	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1444	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1445
	1446	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1447	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1448
	1449	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1450	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1451
	1452	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1453	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1454
	1455	!
	1456	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1457
	1458	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1459	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	1460	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1461	!
[1864]	1462	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1463	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1464	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1465	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1466
[1839]	1467	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1468	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1469	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1470	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1471	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1472	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1473	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1474	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1475	gg = dx * dy
	1476
[1864]	1477	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1478	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1479	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1480	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1481	) / gg
	1482
[1864]	1483	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1484	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1485	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1486	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1487	) / gg
	1488
[1864]	1489	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1490	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1491	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1492
	1493	ELSE
	1494	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1495	ENDIF
	1496	ELSE
	1497	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1498	ENDIF
	1499
	1500
	1501	!
	1502	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1503	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1504	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1505	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1506	!
[1864]	1507	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1508	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1509	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1510	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1511
[1839]	1512	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1513	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1514	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1515	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1516	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1517	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1518	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1519	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1520	gg = dx * dy
	1521
[1864]	1522	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1523	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1524	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1525	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1526	) / gg
	1527
[1864]	1528	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1529	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1530	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1531	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1532	) / gg
	1533
[1864]	1534	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1535	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1536	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1537
	1538	ELSE
	1539	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1540	ENDIF
	1541	ELSE
	1542	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1543	ENDIF
	1544
	1545
	1546	!
	1547	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1548	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1549	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1550	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1551	!
[1864]	1552	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1553	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1554	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1555	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1556
[1839]	1557	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1558	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1559	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1560	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1561	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1562	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1563	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1564	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1565	gg = dx * dy
	1566
[1864]	1567	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1568	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1569	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1570	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1571	) / gg
	1572
[1864]	1573	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1574	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1575	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1576	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1577	) / gg
	1578
[1864]	1579	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1580	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1581	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1582	ELSE
	1583	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1584	ENDIF
	1585	ELSE
	1586	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1587	ENDIF
	1588
	1589	ENDDO
	1590	ENDDO
	1591
	1592	ENDDO
	1593
	1594	!
	1595	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1596	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1597	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1598	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1599	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1600	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1601	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1602	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1603	#else
	1604	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1605	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1606	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1607	#endif
	1608
	1609
	1610	!
	1611	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1612
[1819]	1613	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1614	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1615
[1912]	1616	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1617	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1618	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1619	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1620	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1621	ELSE
	1622	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1623	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1624	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1625	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1626	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1627	ENDIF
[1819]	1628	ENDIF
	1629
[1839]	1630	!
	1631	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1632	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1633	!
	1634	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1635	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1636	!
	1637	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1638	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1639	!
[1839]	1640	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1641	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1642	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1643	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1644	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1645	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1646	!
[1839]	1647	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1648	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1649	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1650	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1651	re(3) = sin_rot
	1652
[1864]	1653	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1654	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1655	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1656	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1657
	1658	!
[1864]	1659	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1660	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1661	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1662	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1663	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1664	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1665	!
	1666	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1667	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1668	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1669	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1670	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1671	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1672	!
	1673	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1674	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1675
	1676	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1677
	1678	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1679
	1680	!
[1864]	1681	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1682	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1683	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1684	!
[1864]	1685	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[1819]	1686	!-- components perpedicular and parallel to the rotor area
	1687	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1688	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1689	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1690	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1691	!
	1692	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1693	!
[1819]	1694	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1695	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1696	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1697	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1698	!
[1864]	1699	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1700	!-- direction:
	1701	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1702	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1703	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1704	!
[1864]	1705	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1706	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1707
[1864]	1708	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1709	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1710	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1711
	1712	!
[1864]	1713	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1714	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1715
	1716	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1717	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1718
	1719	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1720	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1721	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1722	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1723	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1724	ELSE
[1864]	1725	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1726	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1727	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1728	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1729	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1730	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1731	ENDIF
	1732
	1733	!
[1864]	1734	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1735	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1736	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1737	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1738	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1739	!
[1864]	1740	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1741	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1742	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1743	!
[1864]	1744	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1745	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1746	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1747	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1748	!
[1864]	1749	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1750	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1751
	1752	!
[1864]	1753	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1754	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1755	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1756	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1757	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1758
	1759	!
[1864]	1760	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1761	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	1762	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	1763	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1764
	1765	!
[1864]	1766	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	1767	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	1768
	1769	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1770	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1771	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	1772	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1773	ELSE
[1864]	1774	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	1775	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1776	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	1777	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	1778	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1779	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1780	ENDIF
	1781
	1782	!
	1783	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	1784	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1785	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
	1786	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
	1787	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[1839]	1788	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
[1819]	1789	!
	1790	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	1791	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1792	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	1793	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	1794	!
[1864]	1795	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	1796	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	1797	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	1798	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	1799
	1800	!
[1864]	1801	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	1802	!-- angles given in radian:
	1803	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1804	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1805
[2152]	1806	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	1807
	1808	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	1809	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	1810	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	1811	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	1812	!--
	1813	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	1814	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	1815	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	1816
	1817	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	1818
	1819	END IF
[1819]	1820	!
	1821	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1822	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	1823	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1824
	1825	!
[1864]	1826	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	1827
	1828	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	1829	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1830
	1831	!
[1864]	1832	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	1833	!-- for each ring segment:
	1834	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	1835	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	1836	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1837
	1838	!
[1864]	1839	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	1840	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	1841	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	1842	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	1843	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	1844	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	1845	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1846	!
	1847	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	1848	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	1849	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	1850
	1851	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	1852	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	1853
[1912]	1854	!
	1855	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	1856	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	1857	thrust_seg(rseg)
	1858
	1859
[1819]	1860	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	1861
[1864]	1862	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	1863
	1864	!
[1864]	1865	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	1866	!-- each ring:
[1819]	1867	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	1868	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	1869	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	1870
	1871
[1864]	1872	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	1873
	1874
[1864]	1875	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	1876
[1912]	1877
	1878	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1879	!
	1880	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	1881
	1882	!
	1883	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	1884	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	1885	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	1886	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	1887	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	1888	( inertia_rot + &
	1889	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	1890
[1912]	1891	!
	1892	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	1893	!-- and rotor speed
	1894	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	1895
	1896	ENDIF
	1897
[1864]	1898	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	1899
[1912]	1900	!
	1901	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	1902	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	1903	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	1904	!-- gain
	1905	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	1906	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	1907	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	1908	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	1909	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	1910	!
	1911	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	1912	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	1913	ENDIF
[1912]	1914
	1915	!
	1916	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	1917	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	1918	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	1919	ENDIF
[1912]	1920	EXIT pit_loop
	1921	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	1922
[1864]	1923
[1819]	1924	!
[1864]	1925	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	1926
[1819]	1927	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1928	!
[1864]	1929	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	1930	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	1931	THEN
	1932	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	1933	THEN
[1864]	1934	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	1935	ENDIF
[1912]	1936	ENDIF
[1864]	1937
[1819]	1938	ENDIF
	1939
	1940
[1864]	1941	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	1942
[1864]	1943	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	1944
	1945
[1864]	1946	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	1947	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	1948	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	1949	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1950	!
[1864]	1951	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	1952	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	1953	!
	1954	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	1955	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	1956	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	1957	!-- consideration
[1819]	1958	!
[1864]	1959	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	1960	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	1961	!
	1962	!--
	1963	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	1964	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	1965	eps_min ) / dx )
	1966	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	1967	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	1968
[1864]	1969	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1970	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	1971	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1972	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
	1973	DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	1974	k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	1975	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1976	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1977	!
	1978	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	1979	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	1980	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1981	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1982	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	1983	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1984	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1985	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	1986	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1987	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1988	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	1989
	1990	!
	1991	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	1992	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	1993	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	1994	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	1995	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	1996	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[1864]	1997	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	1998	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	1999	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2000	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor
[1819]	2001	ENDIF
	2002	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[1864]	2003	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2004	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2005	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) *&
	2006	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor
[1819]	2007	ENDIF
	2008	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[1864]	2009	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2010	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2011	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) *&
	2012	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor
[1819]	2013	ENDIF
	2014
	2015	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2016	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2017
	2018	!
	2019	!-- Rotation of force components:
[1912]	2020	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + &
[1864]	2021	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2022	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[1819]	2023	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1)
	2024
[1912]	2025	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + &
[1864]	2026	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2027	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[1819]	2028	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2)
	2029
[1912]	2030	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + &
[1864]	2031	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2032	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[1819]	2033	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3)
	2034
	2035	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2036	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2037	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2038
[1864]	2039	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2040
[1912]	2041	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2042
	2043
	2044	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2045	!
	2046	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2047	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2048	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2049	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2050	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2051	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2052	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2053
[1864]	2054	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2055	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2056	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2057	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2058	start_up = .FALSE.
	2059	ENDIF
	2060
	2061	!
	2062	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2063	!--
	2064	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2065	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2066	!
	2067	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2068	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2069	THEN
	2070	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2071	THEN
[1864]	2072
[1819]	2073	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2074
[1912]	2075	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2076	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2077	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2078	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2079	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2080
	2081	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2082
[1819]	2083	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2084
[1819]	2085	ENDIF
	2086	ENDIF
	2087
[1864]	2088	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2089
	2090	!
[1929]	2091	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2092	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2093	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2094	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2095	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2096	comm2d, ierr )
	2097	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2098	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2099	#else
	2100	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2101	wdir = wdir_l
	2102	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2103
	2104
[1929]	2105	#endif
[1819]	2106	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2107	!
	2108	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2109	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2110
	2111	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2112
[2152]	2113	END IF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2114
	2115	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2116	!
	2117	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2118	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2119	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2120	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2121	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2122	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2123	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2124	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2125	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2126	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2127	#else
	2128	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2129	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2130	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2131	#endif
[1864]	2132
	2133	ENDIF
[1819]	2134
	2135	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2136
	2137	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2138	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2139	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2140	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2141	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2142	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2143	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2144	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2145	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2146	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2147
[1819]	2148	ELSE
	2149
	2150	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(I2.2)') inot
[1864]	2151	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'TURBINE_PARAMETERS'//turbine_id ), &
	2152	FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2153	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2154	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2155	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2156	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2157	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2158	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2159	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2160	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2161	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2162	ENDIF
	2163	ENDIF
	2164
[1912]	2165	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2166	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2167	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2168
	2169	ENDIF
	2170
[1864]	2171	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2172
[1912]	2173	!
	2174	!-- Formats
[1819]	2175	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2176	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2177	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2178	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2179	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2180
[1864]	2181	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2182	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2183
	2184
	2185	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2186
	2187
[1839]	2188	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2189	! Description:
	2190	! ------------
	2191	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2192	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2193	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2194
[1819]	2195	USE constants
	2196	USE kinds
[1839]	2197
	2198	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2199
	2200	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2201	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2202	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2203
	2204	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2205
	2206	!
[1864]	2207	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2208	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2209	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2210	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2211	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2212	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2213	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2214	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2215	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2216	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2217	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2218	!
	2219	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2220	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2221	!
[1864]	2222	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2223	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2224	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2225	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2226	!
[1864]	2227	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2228	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2229
	2230	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2231	!
[1864]	2232	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2233	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2234	!
[1864]	2235	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2236	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2237	!
[1864]	2238	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2239	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2240	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2241	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2242	ENDIF
	2243	ENDIF
	2244
	2245	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2246
	2247	!
[1864]	2248	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2249	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2250	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2251
	2252	ELSE
	2253	!
	2254	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2255	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2256	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2257	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2258	!
[1864]	2259	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2260	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2261	!
	2262	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2263	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2264	!
	2265	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2266	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2267	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2268	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2269	!
	2270	!-- Continue yawing
	2271	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2272	ELSE
[1864]	2273	!
	2274	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2275	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2276	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2277	ENDIF
	2278	ELSE
[1864]	2279	!
	2280	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2281	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2282	ENDIF
	2283
	2284	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2285
	2286	ENDIF
	2287
[1839]	2288	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2289
[1864]	2290
[1819]	2291	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2292	! Description:
	2293	! ------------
[1864]	2294	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2295	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2296	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2297
	2298
	2299	IMPLICIT NONE
	2300
	2301	!
	2302	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2303	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2304	!
	2305	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2306	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2307	!
	2308	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2309	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2310	!
	2311	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2312	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2313	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2314	!
	2315	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2316	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2317	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
	2318	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
	2319	!
	2320	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2321	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2322	!
	2323	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2324	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
	2325	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2326
	2327	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2328
	2329
	2330	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2331	! Description:
	2332	! ------------
	2333	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2334	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2335	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2336
	2337
	2338	IMPLICIT NONE
	2339
[1912]	2340	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2341
	2342
[1864]	2343
	2344	!
	2345	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2346	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2347	!-- offshore system developement"
	2348
	2349	!
	2350	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2351	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2352	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2353	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2354	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2355
	2356	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2357	!
	2358	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2359	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2360
	2361	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2362	!
	2363	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2364	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2365
	2366	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2367	!
	2368	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2369	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2370	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2371
	2372	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2373	!
	2374	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2375	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2376
	2377	ELSE
	2378	!
	2379	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2380	!-- keep the power constant:
	2381	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2382
	2383	ENDIF
	2384	!
	2385	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2386	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2387	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2388	!
	2389	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2390	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2391	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2392	!
	2393	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2394	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2395
	2396
	2397	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2398
	2399
	2400	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2401	! Description:
	2402	! ------------
[1839]	2403	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2404	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2405	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2406	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2407	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2408
[1839]	2409
[1819]	2410	IMPLICIT NONE
	2411
[1839]	2412	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2413	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2414	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2415	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2416
	2417
	2418	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2419
	2420	CASE ( 1 )
	2421	!
	2422	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2423	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2424	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2425	DO j = nysg, nyng
	2426	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2427	!
[1864]	2428	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2429	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2430	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2431	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2432	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
	2433
[1912]	2434	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2435	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x
[1819]	2436	ENDDO
	2437	ENDDO
	2438	ENDDO
	2439	ENDIF
	2440
	2441	CASE ( 2 )
	2442	!
	2443	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2444	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2445	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2446	DO j = nysg, nyng
	2447	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2448	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2449	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2450	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2451	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2452	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2453	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y
[1819]	2454	ENDDO
	2455	ENDDO
	2456	ENDDO
	2457	ENDIF
	2458
	2459	CASE ( 3 )
	2460	!
	2461	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2462	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2463	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2464	DO j = nysg, nyng
	2465	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2466	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i)
[1819]	2467	ENDDO
	2468	ENDDO
	2469	ENDDO
	2470	ENDIF
	2471
	2472
	2473	CASE DEFAULT
	2474
	2475	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2476	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2477
	2478	END SELECT
	2479
	2480
	2481	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2482
	2483
	2484	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2485	! Description:
	2486	! ------------
[1839]	2487	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2488	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2489	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2490	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2491	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2492
	2493
	2494	IMPLICIT NONE
	2495
[1839]	2496	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2497	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2498	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2499	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2500
	2501	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2502
	2503	CASE ( 1 )
	2504	!
	2505	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2506	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2507
	2508	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2509	!
[1839]	2510	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2511	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2512	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2513	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2514	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2515	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2516	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x
[1819]	2517	ENDDO
	2518	ENDIF
	2519
	2520	CASE ( 2 )
	2521	!
	2522	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2523	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2524	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2525	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2526	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2527	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2528	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2529	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2530	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y
[1819]	2531	ENDDO
	2532	ENDIF
	2533
	2534	CASE ( 3 )
	2535	!
	2536	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2537	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2538	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2539	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i)
[1819]	2540	ENDDO
	2541	ENDIF
	2542
	2543
	2544	CASE DEFAULT
	2545
	2546	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2547	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2548
	2549	END SELECT
	2550
	2551
	2552	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2553
	2554	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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